🏛️History of India & National MovementSocial Science
Ancient India (Indus Valley, Vedic Age, Buddhism, Mauryas, Guptas), Medieval India (Delhi Sultanate, Mughals), and the Indian National Freedom Movement.
General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Arrange the following historical events in chronological order:
- a. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - b. Dandi March - c. Lucknow Pact - d. Quit India Movement
💡Correct Answer: Option B (c, a, b, d)
The correct chronological order is: Lucknow Pact (1916), Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919), Dandi March (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942). This matches sequence: c, a, b, d.
Q2
General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Who is popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of India"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Dadabhai Naoroji)
Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'. He was a prominent leader in the Indian national movement and formulated the Drain of Wealth theory.
Q3
General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Consider the following pairs of historical terms and entities of Jammu and Kashmir:
- a. Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 4. Gulab Singh - b. Dar-Ul-Aman (written as Dar-Ul-Alam): 1. Maharaja Ranjit Dev - c. Mian Deedo: 2. Rebellion Group Head - d. Treaty of Lahore: 3. 1846
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3)
The correct matches are: Maharaja Gulab Singh founded the Dogra Dynasty (a-4); Jammu was named 'Dar-ul-Aman' during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Dev due to religious peace (b-1); Mian Deedo was a rebel leader against Sikh rule in Jammu (c-2); and the Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (d-3).
Q4
Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationHistory of Firearms
Arrange the following firearms with chronological order of their invention.
i. Match Lock ii. Wheel Lock iii. Hand Canon iv. 0.303 SLR
💡Correct Answer: Option B (iii, i, ii, iv)
The correct chronological sequence of inventions is: Hand Cannon (14th century, iii) -> Matchlock (15th century, i) -> Wheellock (16th century, ii) -> 0.303 SLR (20th century, iv). This corresponds to order: iii, i, ii, iv.
Q5
Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationHistory of Firearms
Snaphaunce and Miquelet are the types of
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Flint lock)
Snaphaunce and Miquelet are early historic variations and developments of the Flintlock ignition mechanism.
Q6
Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetwork History
Identify the first network which was based on TCP/IP protocol.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (ARPANET)
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) adopted the TCP/IP protocol suite on January 1, 1983, becoming the first network to operate on TCP/IP.
Q7
Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsHistory of Forensics
Consider the following pairs: i. Father of forensic toxicology - Albert Osborn ii. Father of Forensic Ballistics - Calvin Goddard iii. Father of fingerprints - Francis Galton iv. Father of questioned documents - Mathieu Orfila Which of the scientists are correctly matched with their domain?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (ii and iii only)
Calvin Goddard is widely known as the Father of Forensic Ballistics (ii). Francis Galton is recognized as the Father of Fingerprints (iii) for developing the first classification system. Mathieu Orfila is the Father of Forensic Toxicology (not questioned documents), and Albert Osborn is the Father of Questioned Documents (not toxicology).
Q8
Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsHistory of Forensics
Where was the first chemical examiner laboratory set up in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Madras)
The first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory in India was established at Madras (now Chennai) in the year 1849.
Q9
Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsHistory of Forensics
The first Central Forensic Science Laboratory was started in Calcutta in which of the following year?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1957)
The first Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) of India was established in Calcutta (Kolkata) in 1957.
Q10
Handwriting Examination & ComparisonHistory of Forensics
The concept of 'Every contact leaves a trace' is associated with which of the following forensic scientist?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sir Edmond Locard)
The fundamental tenet of forensic science, 'Every contact leaves a trace', is known as Locard's Exchange Principle, formulated by Sir Edmond Locard.
Q11
Handwriting Examination & ComparisonInk History
Which of the following is the oldest form of ink?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Carbon ink)
Carbon ink (made from soot/fine charcoal mixed with gum or glue) is the oldest form of writing ink, used since ancient times in Egypt and China.
Q12
Signatures & Forgery DetectionPrinting Technology History
Arrange the following in ascending chronological order of their appearance: i. Manual typewriter ii. Laser printer iii. Dot-Matrix printer iv. Inkjet printer
💡Correct Answer: Option D (i, iii, iv, ii)
The chronological order is: i. Manual Typewriter (1860s/1870s) -> iii. Dot-Matrix Printer (1970) -> iv. Inkjet Printer (late 1970s/1980s) -> ii. Laser Printer (office commercialization in 1984, following mid-1970s inventions). This corresponds to option D.
Q13
Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisHistory of Forensics
Who was known to be the first to use any scientific system for personal identification?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sir Alphonse Bertillon)
Alphonse Bertillon developed the first scientific system of personal identification in 1879, known as Bertillonage, which utilized anthropometric measurements of bodily dimensions.
Q14
Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisHistory of Forensics
Match the following: 1. Sir Francis Galton -> a. Fingerprints 2. Sir Edmond Locard -> b. Questioned Documents 3. Sir Alphonse Bertillon -> c. Principle of Mutual Exchange 4. Sir Albert S. Osborn -> d. Anthropometric Measurements
💡Correct Answer: Option C (a-1, b-4, c-2, d-3)
Sir Francis Galton is associated with Fingerprints (a-1). Sir Albert S. Osborn with Questioned Documents (b-4). Sir Edmond Locard with the Principle of Mutual Exchange (c-2). Sir Alphonse Bertillon with Anthropometric Measurements (d-3). This matches option C.
Q15
Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
The first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, published in
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1887)
A Study in Scarlet, Arthur Conan Doyle's first Sherlock Holmes novel, was written in 1886 and published in Beeton's Christmas Annual in November 1887.
Q16
Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
In response to the rising demands of providing high technology to the crime investigation process, BPR&D established the first Forensic DNA Typing facility at CFSL, Calcutta, during
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1998)
The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) established India's first Central DNA Typing Unit at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Calcutta in 1998.
Q17
Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Fingerprints
The first Central Fingerprint Bureau of India was established in India in the year
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1897)
The world's first Central Fingerprint Bureau (CFPB) was established in Calcutta, India, in June 1897, after the classification system developed by Sir Edward Richard Henry, Hem Chandra Bose, and Qazi Azizul Haque was approved.
Q18
Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
The first Forensic Science Laboratory established in India in
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Calcutta)
The first state Forensic Science Laboratory in India was established in Calcutta, West Bengal, in the year 1952.
Q19
Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
The first National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in India was established in 1905 in
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Shimla)
In 1905, the central fingerprint records and intelligence bureau under the Criminal Intelligence Department (CID) was established at Shimla.
Q20
Organic ChemistryModern Indian History
'Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Quit India Movement)
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942, giving the famous slogan 'Do or Die' during his speech at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.
Q21
Organic ChemistryJ&K History & Polity
On which date J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019 came into force?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (31 October 2019)
The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which reconstituted the state into two Union Territories (J&K and Ladakh), was passed on August 5, 2019, and officially came into force on October 31, 2019.
Q22
Physical ChemistryJ&K History
Who ascended the Throne of Jammu and Kashmir after Maharaja Gulab Singh?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Maharaja Ranbir Singh)
Maharaja Ranbir Singh succeeded his father, Maharaja Gulab Singh (the founder of the Dogra dynasty), to the throne of Jammu and Kashmir in 1856.
Q23
Physical ChemistryJ&K History & Monuments
Shalimar bagh was built by which Mughal emperor?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jahangir)
Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar, J&K, was built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan in 1619.
Q24
General Knowledge & AwarenessHistory
Arrange the following Indian Newspaper in the chronological order of their establishment years.
1. The Indian Express 2. The Hindu 3. The Economic Times 4. Hindustan Times
💡Correct Answer: Option B (2, 4, 1, 3)
The chronological order is: The Hindu (1878), Hindustan Times (1924), The Indian Express (1932), and The Economic Times (1961). This corresponds to sequence 2, 4, 1, 3.
Q25
General Knowledge & AwarenessFreedom Struggle
Who founded the association 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' to help foster revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youth in 1926?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bhagat Singh)
Bhagat Singh founded the 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' in March 1926 with the aim of fostering revolutionary actions against the British Raj by uniting youth.
Q26
General Knowledge & AwarenessHistory
Match the following historical details of Jammu and Kashmir:
- i) Founder of Dogra Dynasty: 1) 1846 - ii) Last ruler of Dev Dynasty: 2) 1632 - iii) Chashme Shahi garden was built: 3) Jit Singh - iv) Year of Treaty of Lahore: 4) Gulab Singh
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1)
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the founder of the Dogra dynasty (i-4). Jit Singh was the last ruler of the Dev dynasty of Jammu (ii-3). Chashme Shahi garden was built in 1632 (iii-2). The Treaty of Lahore was signed in 1846 (iv-1). This matches i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1.
Q27
General Knowledge & AwarenessHistory
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Rajatarangini presents a written account of the history of Jammu. Reason (R): Historians seek a lot of relevant information from Rajatarangini as it is a valuable source of information on the history of Kashmir.
💡Correct Answer: Option B (A is false but R is true)
Assertion A is false because Rajatarangini, written by Kalhana, is a historical chronicle of Kashmir, not Jammu. Reason R is true because it is indeed a valuable primary source for Kashmir's history.
Q28
General Knowledge & AwarenessHistory
The city of Jammu got its name from which King?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jambu Lochan)
The city of Jammu is named after its founder, King Jambu Lochan, who ruled the area in the 14th century BC.
Q29
General Knowledge & AwarenessHistory
In which year, the first Legislature of Jammu and Kashmir was established?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1934 AD)
The first Legislative Assembly (Praja Sabha) of Jammu and Kashmir was established in 1934 AD during the reign of Maharaja Hari Singh.
Q30
General Awareness & Current AffairsIndian History
India became a Republic on
💡Correct Answer: Option B (26th January 1950)
India became a Republic on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India came into effect, replacing the Government of India Act 1935.
Q31
General Awareness & Current AffairsModern Indian History
The first newspaper published in India was
💡Correct Answer: Option C (The Bengal Gazette)
Hicky's Bengal Gazette (also known as the Original Calcutta General Advertiser) was the first weekly newspaper published in India, started in 1780 by James Augustus Hicky.
Q32
General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K History
Arrange the following events in chronological order:
i. Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019. ii. Sadar-i-Riyasat re-designated as Governor. iii. Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir adopted. iv. Article 370 grants special status to Jammu and Kashmir. Choose the correct option.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (iv, iii, ii, i)
The chronological order is: iv) Article 370 drafted/enacted (1949), iii) J&K Constitution adopted (November 17, 1956), ii) Sadar-i-Riyasat re-designated as Governor (1965), and i) J&K Reorganisation Act (2019). This corresponds to: iv, iii, ii, i.
Q33
General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K History & Polity
Who became the first Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir after the title change from Prime Minister?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq)
Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq served as the last Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir and became the first Chief Minister of the state in 1965 after the designations were changed by the 6th Amendment.
Q34
General Awareness & ScienceJ&K History
King Harsha belongs to which dynasty of Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Lohara)
King Harsha (1089–1101 AD) belonged to the Lohara dynasty of Kashmir.
Q35
General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History
In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1835)
English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.
Q36
📚 Social ScienceJ&K History
Queen Didda, who ruled Kashmir from 980-1003 AD, belonged to which dynasty?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Lohara Dynasty)
Queen Didda was born into the Lohara Dynasty (daughter of King Simharaja of Lohara) and married King Kshemagupta of the Gupta/Yashaskara dynasty of Kashmir.
Q37
📚 Social ScienceJ&K History
Who is known as the 'Samudragupta of Kashmir'?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Lalitaditya)
Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is known as the 'Samudragupta of Kashmir' due to his vast conquests and empire building.
Q38
📚 Social ScienceModern Indian History
Who composed the famous song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha'?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Mohammad Iqbal)
The famous patriotic song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' (Tarana-e-Hindi) was written by the poet Muhammad Iqbal in 1904.
Q39
📚 Social ScienceModern Indian History
Who among the following is the founder of the Theosophical Society?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Madame Blavatsky)
The Theosophical Society was founded in New York in 1875 by Madame Helena Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, and others.
Q40
📚 Social ScienceJ&K History
Who is known as the "Nightingale of Kashmir"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Habba Khatoon)
Habba Khatoon, the 16th-century Kashmiri poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak, is fondly known as the 'Nightingale of Kashmir'.
Q41
💻 ComputerComputer History
Who was the founder of the Free Software Foundation?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Richard Stallman)
Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985 to support the free software movement.
Q42
📚 Social ScienceHistory & Infrastructure
In 1897, the first railway line was built in Jammu and Kashmir to connect Jammu with:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sialkot)
The first railway line in J&K was the Jammu-Sialkot railway line built in 1897, connecting Jammu to Sialkot (now in Pakistan).
Q43
📚 Social ScienceAncient Indian History
Which of the following animals was absent in the terracotta art of the Indus Valley Civilization?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Cows)
While humped bulls, elephants, dogs, and cats were depicted in terracotta figurines, cows were not represented in terracotta art of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Q44
📚 Social ScienceMedieval Indian History
Match the following historical Mughal statements with the correct rulers:
P. This Mughal ruler started 'Jharokha Darshan' - Akbar Q. This ruler was known as 'Zinda Pir' - Aurangzeb R. Sir Thomas Roe visited the court of this ruler - Jahangir S. Panditraj Jagannath was the court poet of this ruler - Shah Jahan
💡Correct Answer: Option D (P-ii, Q-iii, R-i, S-iv)
Akbar started Jharokha Darshan (P-ii), Aurangzeb was known as Zinda Pir (Q-iii), Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir's court (R-i), and Panditraj Jagannath was court poet to Shah Jahan (S-iv). This matches option D.
Q45
📚 Social ScienceModern Indian History
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between which of the following?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas)
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Durrani Empire (led by Afghan King Ahmad Shah Abdali) and the Maratha Empire.
Q46
📚 Social ScienceModern Indian History
Match the following historical events/missions with their correct objectives:
P) The Cripps Mission - Seeking Cooperation from Indians in World War II Q) Home Rule Movement - Self-government for India R) Simon Commission - To review the political situation and reform S) Morley-Minto Reforms - Separate electorate for Muslims
💡Correct Answer: Option C (P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2)
Cripps Mission (P-3) sought WWII cooperation, Home Rule (Q-4) demanded self-government, Simon Commission (R-1) reviewed reforms, and Morley-Minto (S-2) introduced separate electorates. This matches option C.
Q47
📚 Social ScienceAncient Indian History
Find the correct chronological (increasing/historical timeline) order of the reigns of the following rulers:
P) Chandragupta I of the Guptas Q) Kanishka of the Kushanas R) Simuka of the Satavahanas S) Rudradaman of the Shakas
💡Correct Answer: Option C (RQSP)
Simuka founded Satavahanas (c. 1st century BC - R), Kanishka ruled Kushanas (c. 127 AD - Q), Rudradaman of Shakas ruled (c. 130 AD - S), and Chandragupta I ruled Guptas (c. 319 AD - P). Hence, the chronological order is RQSP.
Q48
Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlHistory of Automobiles
In which of the following year was the first automobile built?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1769)
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot built the first steam-powered road vehicle (steam dray/automobile) in 1769 in France.
Q49
General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
Who was the founder of the Dogra Dynasty and the first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Maharaja Gulab Singh)
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the founder of the Dogra Dynasty and became the first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846.
Q50
General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
The Treaty of Amritsar, which handed over the territory of Kashmir to Gulab Singh, was signed in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1846)
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Q51
General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian History
Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Mountbatten)
Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India from August 1947 to June 1948. C. Rajagopalachari became the first and only Indian Governor-General after him.
Q52
General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
Which Mughal Emperor built the famous Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar, Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jahangir)
Shalimar Bagh was built by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan in 1619. It is the largest Mughal garden in the Kashmir Valley.
Q53
General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
Who was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Maharaja Hari Singh)
Maharaja Hari Singh was the last ruling monarch of Jammu and Kashmir, signing the Instrument of Accession to India on October 26, 1947.
Q54
General EnglishIndian History
Who wrote the famous book 'The Discovery of India' during his imprisonment?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jawaharlal Nehru)
The Discovery of India was written by Jawaharlal Nehru during his imprisonment at Ahmednagar Fort from 1942 to 1945.
Q55
General EnglishIndian History
The famous Indus Valley Civilization site 'Lothal', known for its ancient dockyard, is located in which modern state of India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Gujarat)
Lothal was one of the southern-most cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhal region of modern Gujarat state.
Q56
General EnglishHistory of J&K
Who is the author of Rajatarangini, the Sanskrit historical chronicle of the kings of Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Kalhana)
Rajatarangini ('The River of Kings') was written in Sanskrit by the Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century AD.
Q57
📜 Environmental Law & GovernanceStockholm Conference & EPA History
The Environment Protection Act 1986 was enacted following the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Stockholm)
India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution to implement the decisions taken at the landmark United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972.
Q58
🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental History & Earth Day
The event that led to the creation of Earth Day on April 22nd each year was:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The Santa Barbara oil spill)
The massive 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill off the coast of California inspired US Senator Gaylord Nelson to organize the first national environmental teach-in and founding of Earth Day on April 22, 1970.
Q59
🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyEnvironmental Literature & History
The event that initiated the modern environmental movement is often associated with the publication of the book:
💡Correct Answer: Option A ("Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson)
Rachel Carson's groundbreaking 1962 book "Silent Spring" exposed the devastating ecological impacts of synthetic chemical pesticides like DDT on birds and ecosystems, catalyzing the modern global environmental movement.
Q60
General Knowledge & Current AffairsConstitutional History & 1947 Act
Which of the following statements about the Indian Independence Act of 1947 is false?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (This Act leads to the establishment of the Constituent Assembly of India.)
Statement B is false because the Constituent Assembly of India was formed earlier in November/December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, NOT under the Indian Independence Act of 1947.
Q61
General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndus Valley Civilization
The Harappa Civilization was discovered in 1920-21 by the excavations by
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dayaram Sahni)
Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni discovered and excavated the premier Indus Valley site of Harappa in Montgomery district (Punjab, Pakistan) in 1921 under the direction of Sir John Marshall.
Q62
General Knowledge & Current AffairsPress and Media History in J&K
The first daily newspaper of the state Jammu and Kashmir is?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ranbir)
'Ranbir' (started by Mulk Raj Saraf in June 1924 in Jammu) was the first news weekly and subsequently first daily newspaper published in Jammu & Kashmir.
Q63
📜 History of Jammu & KashmirHeritage & Monuments of J&K
Which district of Jammu and Kashmir is famous for the Martand Sun Temple?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Anantnag)
The 8th-century Martand Sun Temple built by King Lalitaditya Muktapida is situated near Mattan in the Anantnag district of Kashmir.
Q64
📜 History of Jammu & KashmirMughal Gardens in Kashmir
Which Mughal emperor built the Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jahangir)
Mughal Emperor Jahangir built the famous Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar in 1619 for his beloved wife, Empress Noor Jahan.
Q65
📜 History & PolityFirst Cabinet of Independent India
The first Education Minister of Independent India was
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Abul Kalam Azad)
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of Independent India, serving from 1947 to 1958. His birthday on November 11 is celebrated as National Education Day.
Q66
📜 Ancient Indian HistoryBuddhism & Ancient Universities
The Buddhist sites Vaishali and Nalanda are situated in which of the following state?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Bihar)
Both ancient Buddhist historical sites, Vaishali (where Lord Buddha preached his last sermon) and Nalanda (the ancient mahavihara university), are situated in the state of Bihar.
Q67
🏦 Banking & FinanceBanking History & New Private Banks
Which of the following is the recently opened bank in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (IDFC)
IDFC Bank (now IDFC FIRST Bank) was granted a universal banking license by the RBI and commenced commercial banking operations in October 2015 alongside Bandhan Bank.
Q68
💻 Computer KnowledgeSupercomputers & Computing History
Which of the following is the world's first supercomputer?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (CRAY-1)
The CRAY-1, designed by Seymour Cray and launched by Cray Research in 1976, was the world's first commercially successful supercomputer.
Q69
Basic Concepts of ComputersHistory of the Internet & WWW
Inventor of www (World wide web) is
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Tim Berners Lee)
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN.
Q70
Numerical & Reasoning AbilityMughal Rule in Kashmir
Which ruler labelled Kashmir as the "Paradise of Earth"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jahangir)
Mughal Emperor Jahangir famously recited the Persian couplet praising Kashmir: "Gar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast, hameen ast-o hameen ast-o hameen ast" (If there is a paradise on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here).
Q71
⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringIndustrial Engineering: History of Quality Control
Statistical quality control was developed by:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Walter A. Shewhart)
Dr. Walter A. Shewhart at Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the foundations of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) and invented the control chart in 1924.
Q72
General Awareness & ScienceMughal Gardens in Kashmir
The Shalimar Bagh in Jammu and Kashmir was built by
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jahangir)
Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar was built in 1619 by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his beloved wife Nur Jahan.
Q73
General Awareness & ScienceNon-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements
Which of the following movement was combined with the Non-Cooperation movement in 1920?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Khilafat Movement)
In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress merged the Non-Cooperation Movement with the Khilafat Movement led by the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule.
Q74
General Awareness & ScienceNational Symbols & Vedic Literature
The words 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below the base plate of the emblem of India are taken from
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Mundka Upanishad)
India's national motto 'Satyameva Jayate' ("Truth alone triumphs") inscribed in Devanagari script is an aphorism taken from the ancient Mundaka Upanishad (Mundakopanishad 3.1.6).
Q75
General Awareness & ScienceQuit India Movement 1942
Which session of the Indian National Congress passed the resolution for the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Bombay Session (1942))
The historic 'Quit India' Resolution was moved and passed at the All India Congress Committee (AICC) Bombay Session at Gowalia Tank Maidan on 8 August 1942 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
Q76
General ScienceHistory of Computing: Charles Babbage
Analytical Engine, the first fully automatic general-purpose calculating machine concept, was developed by
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Charles Babbage)
English mathematician Charles Babbage (the 'Father of the Computer') designed the mechanical Analytical Engine in 1837, containing an arithmetic logic unit ('mill') and memory ('store').
Q77
Mental Ability / ReasoningJainism under Chandragupta Maurya
Which ancient Indian ruler is credited with the historical spread of Jainism to Karnataka (South India)?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Chandragupta Maurya)
Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya abdicated his throne, embraced Jainism under Acharya Bhadrabahu, migrated south to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, and performed sallekhana.
Q78
General ScienceDemographic History: 1911-1921 Negative Growth
In which single census decade did India's population record a negative growth rate of −0.31%?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1911-1921)
During the 1911–1921 decade, widespread famine, severe drought, and the catastrophic 1918 Spanish Influenza pandemic caused India's population to decline by −0.31%, earning 1921 the title 'The Year of the Great Divide'.
Q79
General Knowledge with special ref to J&KIndira Gandhi Canal Project
The longest irrigation canal in India that originates from Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab and terminates in Rajasthan is the
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Indira Gandhi Canal (Rajasthan Canal))
The Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km long) draws water from the Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab to irrigate the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan.
Q80
General Intelligence & ReasoningMahatma Gandhi's Early Satyagrahas: Champaran
After returning from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha in India at which place in 1917?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Champaran (Bihar))
Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, organized to support oppressed indigo farmers against the tinkathia system.
Q81
Computer ApplicationsMughal Rulers in Kashmir: Jahangir
Which Mughal Emperor famously described Kashmir as the "Paradise on Earth" (Gar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast...)?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jahangir)
Mughal Emperor Jahangir passionately loved Kashmir and immortalized it with the famous Persian couplet: "Gar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast, hamin ast-o hamin ast-o hamin ast" (If there is a paradise on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here).
Q82
Computer ApplicationsUnix Operating System Architecture & History
Consider the following statements regarding the Unix Operating System: I. Unix is a multitasking, multi-user operating system. II. The Unix operating system was rewritten and coded in the C programming language by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both I and II)
Both statements are correct: Unix (developed at Bell Labs in 1969–1972) is a true multitasking, multi-user OS, and was famously re-implemented in the C language in 1973 to ensure cross-platform portability.
Q83
Basic ReasoningQuit India Movement: Do or Die Slogan
Which Indian freedom fighter gave the clarion call slogan 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) during the Quit India Movement in 1942?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Mahatma Gandhi)
Mahatma Gandhi delivered the famous 'Do or Die' speech at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on 8 August 1942, launching the Quit India Movement.
Q84
General Awareness & ScienceMughal Architecture in Kashmir
Which Mughal Emperor laid out the iconic Shalimar Bagh (1619) and visited the Nishat Bagh on the banks of Dal Lake in Srinagar?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jahangir)
Emperor Jahangir laid out Shalimar Bagh in 1619 for his empress Nur Jahan. (Nishat Bagh was built nearby in 1633 by Asif Khan, Nur Jahan's brother, during Jahangir/Shah Jahan's era).
Q85
General English & ComprehensionAncient History of Kashmir
Which ancient kingdom of Kashmir was known for its Buddhist heritage?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Kushana)
The Kushana Empire, particularly under Emperor Kanishka I in the 1st-2nd century CE, was deeply celebrated for its Buddhist heritage in Kashmir, organizing the 4th Buddhist Council at Kundalvana (near modern-day Harwan, Srinagar).
Q86
General English & ComprehensionConstitutional History & Article 370
Which constitutional provision allowed Jammu and Kashmir to have its own flag before 2019?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Article 370)
Article 370 of the Constitution of India granted special autonomous status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, allowing it to adopt its own Constitution (under Section 144 of the J&K Constitution) and separate state flag until August 2019.
Q87
General English & ComprehensionMughal Architecture & Gardens of Kashmir
Which of the following is/are famous Mughal gardens in Jammu and Kashmir? I. Nishat Bagh II. Shalimar Bagh III. Achabal Garden
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I, II, and III)
Nishat Bagh (built by Asif Khan in 1633), Shalimar Bagh (built by Emperor Jahangir in 1619), and Achabal Garden (laid out by Empress Nur Jahan in Anantnag) are all world-famous Mughal gardens in Kashmir. Hence, I, II, and III are all correct.
Q88
General English & ComprehensionJ&K Constitutional History & Integration
Why was the Jammu & Kashmir Constitution abrogated in 2019?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
The abrogation of Article 370 and the J&K Constitution was undertaken to foster complete national integration, eliminate discriminatory residency/domicile barriers, extend fundamental central laws, and accelerate socio-economic development and investments across the region.
Q89
Basic Concepts of ComputersHistory of Internet & DNS
Which of the following events is correctly matched with its contribution to the development of the Internet?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (The introduction of the Domain Name System in 1983)
The Domain Name System (DNS), developed by Paul Mockapetris in 1983, revolutionized the Internet by replacing numerical IP addresses with human-readable domain names (.com, .org, .edu).
Q90
General Awareness & Current AffairsSikh Gurus & Medieval Indian History
The fifth Sikh guru "Guru Arjan Dev", is known for which significant contribution?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Compiling the Adi Granth)
Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Sikh Guru, compiled the sacred Adi Granth (the first official edition of the Sikh scripture) in 1604 and installed it at the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar.
Q91
General Awareness & Current AffairsCivil Disobedience Movement & Salt Satyagraha
Which of the following was the main objective of Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March in 1930?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To protest against the British salt tax)
Mahatma Gandhi launched the historic Salt March (Dandi Satyagraha) from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in March-April 1930 to directly defy and protest against the British colonial monopoly and heavy tax on salt, inaugurating the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Q92
General Awareness & Current AffairsQuit India Movement 1942 & Slogans
Which slogan became famous during the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Do or Die)
Mahatma Gandhi delivered his historic call of 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay during the launch of the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942.
Q93
General ScienceMountain Passes & Mughal Road
Which pass connects the Kashmir Valley with Rajouri and Poonch through the Pir Panjal Range?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Pir Panjal Pass)
The historic Pir Panjal Pass (also known as Peer Ki Gali at 3,490 m) on the Mughal Road directly connects Shopian in the Kashmir Valley with Poonch and Rajouri districts in Jammu across the Pir Panjal Range.
Q94
General ScienceFreedom Struggle & Quit Kashmir Movement 1946
Which prominent leader led the Quit Kashmir Movement in 1946 against the feudal rule of the Maharaja?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sheikh Abdullah)
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, president of the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, spearheaded the 'Quit Kashmir' movement in May 1946, demanding the abrogation of the Treaty of Amritsar and the termination of the autocratic rule of Maharaja Hari Singh.
Q95
General ScienceMughal Architecture & Gardens of Kashmir
Which Mughal emperor constructed the famous Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Jahangir)
The iconic Shalimar Bagh (Farah Baksh), known as the 'Crown of Srinagar', was laid out and constructed in 1619 by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his beloved queen Nur Jahan.
Q96
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionFolk Dances of Jammu
What is the folk dance performed in the plains of Jammu?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Gidda)
Gidda (Dogri / Punjabi folk dance) is widely performed by women in the plains and border districts of Jammu (Kathua, Samba, Jammu).
Q97
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionFolk Dances of J&K
What is the name of the "KIKU" dance in Jammu and Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Haqqat Nritya)
Hikkat (or Haqqat / Kiku Nritya) is a playful folk dance performed in Jammu and Kashmir, especially by young girls holding each other's crossed hands and twirling in circles.
Q98
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionMask Dances of Jammu
Which dance is performed in Jammu while wearing a mask?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Haran Nritya)
Haran Nritya (Deer Dance) is a traditional folk mask dance of Jammu performed during Lohri by actors wearing masks depicting deer, hunters, and village characters.
Q99
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionWomen Folk Dances of Jammu
What is the dance performed by Hindu women in the Kandi region of Jammu?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jagarna Nritya)
Jagarna (or Jagrana Nritya) is an exclusive theatrical folk dance performed by Hindu women at night in the bridegroom's house after the wedding procession (baraat) departs.
Q100
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionMountain Folk Dances
What is the famous folk dance of the mountain regions?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Najerad)
Najerad (along with Kud) is a prominent traditional ritualistic folk dance celebrated across the mountainous terrains of the Jammu division.
Q101
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDogri Language & Takri Script
Which script is similar to the "Dogri" language of Jammu?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Takirilipi)
Takri (or Takirilipi / Tankri) is the historic native script of the Dogri language and western Pahari dialects of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh.
Q102
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDogra Music & Folk Songs
Name the unpopular song from Jammu's "Duggar"?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Gajara)
While Paakh, Soorma, and Chajja are quintessential traditional Dogra folksongs, 'Gajara' is not an indigenous traditional genre of Duggar.
Q103
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionKashmiri Folk Dances
Which of the following lists of Kashmiri folk dances is correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Rouf, Bhand Pather, Dhumali, Hafiza)
Rouf, Bhand Pather, Dhumali, and Hafiza Nagma are all authentic classical and folk dance forms originating from Kashmir.
Q104
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDhumali Dance Style
What type of style is Dhumali?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Nritya)
Dhumali (Dhamali) is a vigorous devotional folk dance (Nritya) performed by the male Wattal community in Kashmir holding painted tall wooden banners.
Q105
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDhumali Dance Traditions
What is Dhumali dance performer called?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dhumali-e-Fakeer)
Performers of the sacred Dhumali dance at Sufi shrines in Kashmir are traditionally called 'Dhumali-e-Fakeer'.
Q106
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionTraditional Kashmiri Dances
Which dance is performed by Kashmiri children?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Wuegi Nachun)
Wuegi Nachun (or Wugei Nachun) is a lively folk dance traditionally performed by young girls and children around the wedding rangoli pattern.
Q107
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionHistory of Kashmiri Dance Forms
Which Kashmiri dance form was legally banned?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hafiza)
Hafiza Nagma (performed by female Hafiza dancers to Sufiyana music) was banned during the Maharaja Hari Singh era in the 1920s under social reform laws, leading to the rise of Bachi Nagma.
Q108
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionRitual Dances of Kashmir
Which Kashmiri dance form involves women dancing around rangoli?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Wugei Nachun)
Wugei Nachun is performed by Kashmiri Pandit women during wedding ceremonies dancing around the bridal rangoli (Vyuug) design.
Q109
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionHikat Dance
Name the folk dance of Kashmir reflecting its playful nature?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hikat)
Hikkat (or Hikat) is a fast, playful dance performed in pairs by young boys and girls spinning in circles to the rhythm of folk tunes.
Q110
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionFairs & Festivals of J&K
Poor Mandal Mela is generally celebrated on which occasion?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Shivratri)
The famous Purmandal Mela (Chhota Kashi) on the banks of Devika river in Samba/Jammu is celebrated on the auspicious occasion of Maha Shivratri.
Q111
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionMusical Instruments of Kashmir
What is Shehnai referred to as in Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Swar-nay)
In Kashmiri traditional music, the double-reed aerophone instrument Shehnai / Surnai is referred to as 'Swar-nay' (or Surnai).
Q112
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionBhand Pather Folk Theatre
The famous ancient folk dance of Kashmir, which is performed on traditional folk theatre is:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bhand Pathar)
Bhand Pather (or Bhand Pathar) is the ancient traditional folk theatre and dramatic satirical dance of Kashmir performed by the Bhand community.
Q113
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionInstrument Crafting in J&K
Which tree's wood is used to make the Kashmiri "Rabab" instrument?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Shehtut)
The body of the Kashmiri Rabab is traditionally carved out of a single hollowed log of Mulberry wood (Shehtut).
Q114
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionSaaz-e-Kashmir History
"Saaz-e-Kashmir" was known by what name in ancient times?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Saran)
Saaz-e-Kashmir (a bowed string instrument essential to Sufiyana Qalam) was known as 'Saran' (or Kashmiri Sarangi) in ancient Sanskrit musicological treatises.
Q115
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionWind Instruments Anatomy
How many holes are there in a wind instrument?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (8)
Traditional Kashmiri woodwind instruments (like the Kashmiri Bansuri or Swarnay) typically feature 8 tone holes (7 finger holes plus 1 thumb/tuning hole).
Q116
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionBhand Community Dance Forms
Which folk dance is performed by the "Bhand" community of Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bachi Nagma)
Bachi Nagma (and Bhand Pather) is performed by the professional folk artists and dancers of the Bhand community.
Q117
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionChakri Music & Instruments
With which folk music is the "Nat-Ghat" instrument used?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Chakkari)
Nat-Ghat (or Nout, clay pot idiophone) is the foundational rhythmic percussion instrument played in traditional Kashmiri 'Chakkari' (Chakri) musical performances.
Q118
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDevotional Instruments of Ladakh & Kashmir
Which percussion instrument is played during morning and evening prayers in Kashmir and Ladakh?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Thaluz)
Thaluz (metal cymbals / gong percussion) is struck during morning and evening spiritual prayers across Buddhist monasteries and shrines in Ladakh and Kashmir.
Q119
Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionKashmiri Santoor Structure
How many string are there in Kashmiri "Santoor"?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (100)
The classical Kashmiri Santoor (derived from ancient Sanskrit Shatatantri Veena) has exactly 100 metal strings stretched across 25 bridges (4 strings per bridge).
Q120
Taal Shastra & Rhythms16 Vedic Sanskars & Rituals
Match the correct order of rituals:
1. Pansuwan — ii. Garbhdan Sanaskar 2. Chudakaran — i. Mundan Sanaskar 3. Nishkraman — iii. Shishu Sanaskar 4. Upnayan — iv. Janeyu Dharan Sanaskar
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii, 4-iv)
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPioneers of Modern Art Movements
Who is considered the father of modern abstract art?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Wassily Kandinsky)
Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944) is considered the father of modern abstract art, creating the first abstract watercolor in 1910.
Q122
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingExpressionism
Which art movement is characterized by the use of vibrant colours and distorted forms, and was developed by artists such as Edvard Munch and Wassily Kandinsky?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Expressionism.)
Expressionism emphasized subjective emotional experience depicted through distorted forms and vibrant colors.
Q123
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPost-Impressionism
Which artist is known for painting the famous work "The Starry Night"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Vincent van Gogh.)
The Starry Night was painted by Dutch Post-Impressionist master Vincent van Gogh in June 1889.
Q124
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingEuropean Renaissance Art
Which of the following statements about the Renaissance period in art is/are correct?
I. The Renaissance period emphasized realism, perspective, and the human form. II. The Renaissance artists focused primarily on religious themes, with little regard for classical Greek and Roman influences. III. Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were major figures of the Renaissance, contributing to its artistic advancements. IV. The Renaissance art movement emerged in Italy and had a significant influence on the rest of Europe.
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Statement I and III are correct)
Statements I and III are correct. Statement II is incorrect because classical Greek and Roman ideals were central to the Renaissance revival.
Q125
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingFamous Artists and Iconic Paintings
Match the following artists with their famous artworks :
Artists: 1. Leonardo da Vinci 2. Pablo Picasso 3. Edvard Munch 4. Vincent van Gogh
Artworks: i. The Scream. ii. The Last Supper iii. Guernica. iv. Starry Night
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-iv.)
Leonardo -> The Last Supper (ii), Picasso -> Guernica (iii), Munch -> The Scream (i), Van Gogh -> Starry Night (iv).
Q126
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingChronology of Art Movements
Arrange the following art movements in chronological order : i. Surrealism. ii. Impressionism. iii. Cubism. iv. Baroque.
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingAncient Sculptural Styles
Which of the following statements about ancient art are correct?
I. Ancient Egyptian art focused on order and symmetry, with figures typically shown in a rigid and frontal pose. II. Greek art was primarily concerned with realism and the accurate depiction of the human body, exemplified by sculptures like the "Discobolus". III. Roman art was known for its idealized and unrealistic portrayal of human figures, unlike Greek art, which was focused on achieving perfection. IV. Ancient Mesopotamian art is characterized by its use of relief sculptures, such as the famous "Stele of Hammurabi", depicting important legal and royal themes.
Choose the correct options :
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Statements I, II and IV are correct.)
Statements I, II, and IV are correct. Roman sculpture was renowned for verism (realistic portraiture) rather than unrealistic idealization.
Q132
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingAncient Art Styles
Which of the following statements about ancient art styles are true?
I. The art of Ancient Egypt was focused on depicting the gods and pharaohs in highly stylized and symbolic ways. II. Greek art emphasized realism, with a focus on idealized human proportions and beauty, particularly in sculpture and pottery. III. Roman art was known for its emphasis on portraiture, often creating lifelike representations of individuals to showcase their character. IV. In Ancient Mesopotamia, art was primarily used for religious purposes and often featured divine and mythological themes.
Choose the correct options :
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All statements are correct.)
All statements (I, II, III, and IV) accurately describe the key attributes of ancient art traditions.
Q133
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingMemory Drawing
Which of the following best describes the main objective of memory drawing?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To use imagination and recreate a scene based on prior knowledge and experience.)
Memory drawing exercises internal visualization and imagination to recreate scenes based on internalized knowledge and prior observation.
Q134
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPerspective Drawing
What is the primary characteristic of perspective drawing?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (It uses techniques like vanishing points to create the illusion of depth and space on a flat surface.)
Perspective drawing creates spatial depth and volume on a 2D plane through vanishing points and horizon lines.
Q135
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPerspective Principles
When practicing perspective drawing, what does the "horizon line" represent?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (The eye level of the viewer, where all perspective lines converge.)
In perspective drawing, the horizon line directly indicates the viewer's eye level.
Q136
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingShading and Depth
Which of the following methods is commonly used to create depth in memory drawings?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Utilizing gradients of shading to imply distance and perspective.)
Tonal shading gradients and value contrast imply distance, light, and depth.
Q137
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingOne-Point Perspective
Which of the following is a key technique in one - point perspective drawing?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Lines converging to a single vanishing point on the horizon line.)
One-point perspective features orthogonals converging to a single vanishing point on the horizon line.
Q138
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingVisualization Exercises
In drawing, what is the purpose of using memory drawing exercises?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To develop the ability to visualize and recreate scenes from memory, enhancing creativity.)
Memory drawing exercises build visualization skills and imaginative creativity.
Q139
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingDrawing History
Arrange the following drawing techniques in chronological order of development (from earliest to latest):
i. Drawing (Memory) ii. Drawing (perspective) iii. Drawing.
Descriptions: i. Uses vanishing points to create depth and space. ii. Focuses on recreating an image from memory or imagination. iii. The general act of creating images or representations through marks.
Primary Goal: i. To reproduce an image as seen, using external references. ii. To create the illusion of depth and three - dimensionality on a flat surface. iii. To express thoughts, imagination, or record observations.
Choose the correct options :
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii)
1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii aligns techniques to visual reproduction, 3D illusion, and thought recording.
Q142
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPerspective Systems
Match the perspective technique with its description:
Descriptions: i. Uses multiple vanishing points to represent angles and depth. ii. Uses a single vanishing point to represent depth from a single angle. iii. Uses fading colours and detail to create the illusion of distance.
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingDrawing Principles
Which of the following statements about Drawing, Drawing (Memory), and drawing (Perspective) are correct?
I. Drawing (Memory) involves reproducing an image or scene from recollection, without and visual reference. II. Drawing (perspective) relies on vanishing points and horizon lines to create the illusion of depth and three - dimensional space. III. Drawing as a general practice can include any technique, such as observational, memory, or perspective drawing. IV. Drawing (Memory) is primarily focused on detailed accuracy and realism, similar to observational drawing.
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Statements I, II and III are correct.)
Statements I, II, and III are correct. Statement IV is incorrect because memory drawing does not rely on direct observational detail.
Q144
Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingDrawing Applications
Which of the following statements about Drawing (Memory). Drawing (Perspective), and general drawing techniques are true?
I. Drawing (Memory) helps develop imagination and visualization skills, enabling the artist to recreate scenes without external references. II. Drawing (perspective) is often used in architecture and landscape art to represent realistic depth, often with the use of multiple vanishing points. III. General drawing involves recording or reproducing visual information from the physical world through observation, without any need for imagination. IV. Drawing (Memory) requires the use of perspective techniques to create depth and space in the drawing.
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Statements I and II are correct.)
Statements I and II are correct.
Q145
Relief & Round Sculpture, Portraiture & Metal CastingPortraiture History
Identify the correct statements about historical portraiture traditions :
i. Portraiture was primarily reserved for royalty and nobility in early history. ii. Renaissance artists revolutionized portraiture with lifelike detail and realism. iii. Portraits in ancient Egypt focused heavily on capturing emotional expressions. iv. Modern portraiture often includes abstract and experimental styles.
Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (i, ii and iv.)
Statements i, ii, and iv are correct. Ancient Egyptian portraits were formalized and idealized, not focused on transient emotions.
Q146
Entomology, Microbiology & Plant PathologyHistory of Immunology
Term vaccine was coined by .....?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Louis Pasteur)
Louis Pasteur coined the term 'vaccine' in 1881 to honor Edward Jenner's pioneering discovery using cowpox (Variolae vaccinae).
Q147
Entomology, Microbiology & Plant PathologyIUCN Red List History
The idea of "Red Data Book" was given by :
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Peter Scott)
Sir Peter Scott, founder of WWF and Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, conceived the Red Data Book in 1963.
Q148
History of India & Freedom StruggleNehru Report & Simon Commission
The first effort at drafting a dominion status constitution for India was made in response to the
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Simon Commission)
The Nehru Report (1928), drafting a dominion status constitution for India, was formulated by the all-parties committee in response to Lord Birkenhead's challenge following the Simon Commission.
Q149
History of India & Freedom StruggleSocio-Religious Movements
Which principle was not propagated by the Theosophical Society?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Belief in the eradication of untouchability)
The Theosophical Society focused primarily on universal brotherhood, comparative religion, occultism, Karma, and Vedantic revivalism, rather than social eradication of untouchability.
Q150
History of India & Freedom StruggleExtremist Leaders of INC
Which of the following leaders belonged to the extremist wing of the congress?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Aurobindo Ghose)
Aurobindo Ghose (along with the Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate) was a prominent leader of the radical/extremist wing of the Indian National Congress.
Q151
History of India & Freedom Struggle1857 Revolt Administrators
Who was the Governor-General of India during the revolt of 1857?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Canning)
Lord Canning served as Governor-General during the Revolt of 1857 and subsequently became India's first Viceroy under the Government of India Act 1858.
Q152
History of India & Freedom StruggleRaja Rammohan Roy Literature
Which among the following books was/ were written by Raja Rammohan Roy?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both of them)
Raja Rammohan Roy authored 'Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin' (A Gift to Monotheists, 1803) and 'The Precepts of Jesus' (1820).
Q153
History of India & Freedom StrugglePoona Pact 1932
Poona Pact, 1932, was signed between _______?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi)
The Poona Pact was signed on September 24, 1932, between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi (represented by Madan Mohan Malaviya) in Yerwada Central Jail.
Q154
History of India & Freedom StrugglePost-1857 British Crown Policy
Which one of the following policies were adopted by the British towards native states after the revolt of 1857?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (To maintain status quo of Indian states.)
Post-1857 Queen Victoria's Proclamation abandoned Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse and annexation policies, pledging to maintain the status quo of native princely states.
Q155
History of India & Freedom StruggleQuotes of Freedom Fighters
Who said the following words. "A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have died for it."?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Mahatma Gandhi)
Mahatma Gandhi wrote these famous words in 'Young India' (1921) emphasizing the unifying power of a national flag.
Q156
History of India & Freedom StruggleSocial Reformers
What was the greatest contribution of Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar in the social reforms in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (He ensured the widow's marriage and girl's education.)
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar spearheaded the campaign leading to the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act (1856) and pioneered girl's education in Bengal.
Q157
History of India & Freedom StruggleWomen Reformers
Who founded Arya Mahila Samaj and made first attempt to educate widows ?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ramabai)
Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati founded the Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune in 1882 and established the Sharada Sadan for educating young widows.
Q158
History of India & Freedom StruggleDrain of Wealth Theory
Who had written Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Dadabhai Naoroji)
Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old Man of India) authored 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901), propounding the economic 'Drain of Wealth' theory.
Q159
History of India & Freedom StrugglePeasant Uprisings
Which of the following upheavals took place in Bengal immediately after the revolt of 1857 ?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Indigo disturbances)
The Indigo Revolt (Neel Bidroha) erupted in Nadia district, Bengal in 1859–1860, immediately following the 1857 revolt.
Q160
History of India & Freedom StruggleTrade Union Movement
Who among the following personalities associated with the formation of All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
AITUC was founded on October 31, 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as first President, Joseph Baptista as Vice-President, and N.M. Joshi as General Secretary.
Q161
History of India & Freedom StruggleSurat Split 1907
In which session, Congress split into two groups of Moderate and Extremist?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Surat Session (1907))
The historic Surat Split between Moderates (under Rash Behari Ghosh) and Extremists (under Tilak/Gokhale debates) occurred at the 1907 Surat Session of INC.
Q162
History of India & Freedom StruggleSocial Reform Associations
Who among the following founded the Widow Remarriage Association in the year 1861?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (M.G. Ranade)
Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade (along with Vishnu Shastri Pandit) established the Widow Remarriage Association in Bombay in 1861.
Q163
History of India & Freedom StruggleModerate Political Philosophy
The method to protest of moderate leaders of the congress was _______.
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Constitutional agitation)
Moderates believed in 'Constitutional Agitation' within the legal framework using Prayers, Petitions, and Protests (the 3P model).
Q164
History of India & Freedom StruggleArya Samaj Literature
'Satyarth Prakash' is a sacred book of
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Arya Samaj)
'Satyarth Prakash' (The Light of Truth) was authored by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 as the foundational text of Arya Samaj.
Q165
History of India & Freedom Struggle1857 Revolt Economic Causes
Which one of the following economic factor caused the 1857 Revolt?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Exploitative policy of Britishers.)
Heavy land taxation, destruction of traditional Indian handicrafts, and ruthless revenue exploitation were the underlying economic causes.
Q166
History of India & Freedom StruggleNationalist Leadership
Who led the extremists before the arrival of Gandhiji on the political scene for freedom struggle?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Bal Gangadhar Tilak)
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak ('Father of Indian Unrest') was the supreme leader of the Extremist nationalist movement prior to Gandhi's leadership.
Q167
History of India & Freedom StruggleChamparan Satyagraha
The date 10 April 1917 is famous for which event, during Freedom Struggle?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Champaran Satyagraha)
On April 10, 1917, Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Patna/Champaran, initiating the historic Champaran Indigo Satyagraha.
Q168
History of India & Freedom StruggleSwaraj Ideology
Who of the following said 'Good Government is no substitute for Self-Government'?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Swami Dayananda)
Swami Dayananda Saraswati famously proclaimed in Satyarth Prakash that foreign rule, no matter how benevolent, can never equal self-government (Swaraj).
Q169
History of India & Freedom Struggle1857 Revolt Leaders & Centers
Which of the following pair leader associated with the Revolt of 1857 is not correctly matched?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hazrat Mahal : Kanpur)
Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt in Lucknow/Awadh (Nana Saheb and Tatya Tope led in Kanpur).
Q170
History of India & Freedom StrugglePartition of India
Which party observed the "Black Day" on July 3, 1947 against Partition of India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Hindu Mahasabha)
The Hindu Mahasabha observed July 3, 1947 as a 'Black Day' across India in protest against the Mountbatten Partition Plan.
Q171
History of India & Freedom StruggleImmediate Causes of 1857
The immediate cause of India's First War of Independence was
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Suspicion about British interference in religion.)
The introduction of the new Enfield rifle greased cartridges (rumored to contain cow and pig fat) triggered acute religious outrage, serving as the immediate catalyst.
Q172
History of India & Freedom StruggleSatyashodhak Samaj
Whose main aim was to uplift the backward classes?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Satyashodhak Samaj)
Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-Seekers' Society) was founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873 to liberate and uplift the non-Brahmin backward classes and women.
Q173
History of India & Freedom StruggleKheda Satyagraha
In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi organised a Satyagraha in Kheda district of Gujarat in support of the ?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (peasants who were affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic)
The Kheda Satyagraha (1918) supported impoverished farmers demanding land revenue remission following catastrophic crop failure and plague.
Q174
History of India & Freedom StruggleSwadeshi Movement
Which of the following movement of Indian Freedom Struggle was associated with Moderate leadership of Congress?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Swadeshi Movement)
The Anti-Partition / Swadeshi Movement (1905) in Bengal witnessed prominent initial leadership by Moderates like Surendranath Banerjee and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Q175
History of India & Freedom StruggleRowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh
Which among the following events took place immediately before the massacre at Jallianwalla Bagh?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Passage of the Rowlatt Act)
The passage of the repressive Rowlatt Act (Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, March 1919) directly led to the protests in Amritsar where the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919.
Q176
History of India & Freedom StruggleBardoli Satyagraha
Who led the Bardoli Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Vallabhbhai Patel)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel led the historic 1928 Bardoli No-Tax Satyagraha, where the women of Bardoli bestowed upon him the title 'Sardar'.
Q177
History of India & Freedom StruggleTatya Tope Martyrdom
With reference to the Revolt of the year 1857, who of the following was betrayed by a friend: captured and put to death by the British?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Tatya Tope)
Tatya Tope was betrayed by his trusted associate Raja Man Singh of Narwar, captured while asleep in the Paron jungle, and executed on April 18, 1859.
Q178
Educational Policies, Philosophies & RehabilitationMahatma Gandhi's Nai Talim
What is the meaning of "Nai Talim" or Basic Education?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Education based on practical skills and self - reliance.)
Mahatma Gandhi's 'Nai Talim' (Wardha Scheme of Basic Education, 1937) advocates experiential, craft-centric education fostering self-reliance, moral dignity of labor, and community living.
Q179
Educational Policies, Philosophies & RehabilitationBraille History
Who invented the Braille system?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Louis Braille)
Louis Braille invented the tactile 6-dot raised code system in 1824 in France.
Q180
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Public Health ProgrammesPublic Health History
The establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) was a key milestone in global public health. In which year was the WHO founded?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1948)
The Constitution of the World Health Organization came into force on April 7, 1948 (celebrated annually as World Health Day).
Q181
Human Anatomy, Physiology & Public Health ProgrammesHistory of Indian Public Health
Which of the following was the first public health program initiated by the British colonial government in India in the 19th century?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Smallpox vaccination program)
The introduction of Jennerian smallpox vaccination in 1802 was the earliest organized state public health intervention launched by the British administration in India.
Q182
Principles of Museology & Museum ManagementHistory of Indian Museums
Who is regarded as the founder of the Asiatic Society in Kolkata?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sir William Jones)
Sir William Jones founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta on 15 January 1784 to promote oriental research and establish India's earliest museum collection.
Q183
Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry & Reaction IntermediatesStereochemistry History
Arrange the following events related to chirality and symmetry in molecules in chronological order: i. Discovery of chirality due to the presence of a chiral centre (a carbon atom attached to four different substituents). ii. Identification of chirality in molecules with more than one chiral centre (such as threo and erythro isomers). iii. Recognition of chirality in molecules like biphenyls, allenes, and spirans, where optical activity occurs without a chiral carbon. iv. Understanding of chirality due to helical shape in molecules (e.g., helicenes). Options :
Medical Records Science, Policies & HMISHistory of Medical Records
The first medical record unit was established in which Country?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (United States)
The modern scientific medical record system was pioneered in the United States at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston) in 1821, leading to the creation of the Association of Record Librarians of North America (AHIMA) in 1928.
Q185
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Pushkar Vadya Evolution
Out of the following, which is "Pushkar Vadya"?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Mridang)
In Bharata's Natyashastra, Pushkar Vadyas represent ancient clay/wooden multi-faced percussion drums, the foremost of which is the Mridanga (Tripushkar: Ankika, Urdhwaka, and Alingya).
Q186
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Anatomy of Pushkar Vadya
Which among the following is not the part of "Mridang"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Nisan)
The three authentic structural drums of the ancient Tripushkar/Mridang are Ankika (horizontal), Urdhwaka (vertical), and Alingya (embraced); 'Nisan' is an independent kettle-drum, not a part of Mridang.
Q187
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Mridang Shapes
Which part of Mridang is similar to "Tail of Cow"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ankik)
In classical treatises, the Ankika pushkar drum is shaped like a cow's tail / barley grain (Gomukha / Yavakara shape).
Q188
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Natyashastra Alankars
According to Natyashastra, how many Alankars are there in Pushkar Vadya?
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Percussion Varnas (Boi)
How many sounds (Boi/Varna) are there in Pushkar Vadya?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sixteen)
Ancient percussion theory enumerates 16 fundamental syllabic sound alphabets (Ksharaksharas / Varnas / Bois: Ka, Kha, Ga, Gha, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, etc.) for Pushkar playing.
Q190
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Avanaddha Vadya Jatis
How many Jatiyan are there in the playing of Avnadh Vadya?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Eighteen)
Classical texts classify 18 distinct stylistic playing jati rhythmic patterns (Jatis) in ancient Avanaddha percussion.
Q191
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Marjana in Natyashastra
How many "Marjana" of Avnadh Vadya are there in Natya Shastra?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Three)
Natyashastra describes 3 Marjanas (tuning paste applications for pitch resonance): Mayuri, Ardha-Mayuri, and Karmaravi.
Q192
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Atodya and Kutapa
What is Atodya?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Vrinda Vadan)
Atodya is the ancient Sanskrit term for musical instruments played together in an orchestral ensemble (Vrinda Vadan / Kutapa ensemble).
Q193
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Etymology of Tabla
What is the meaning of Tabla?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dudungi)
The term Tabla is etymologically derived from Arabic 'Tabl' (drum), historically evolving from ancient pair-drums like the Dudungi / Pakhawaj.
Q194
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Origin of Tabla
Who was known as "The Master of Tabla"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ustad Siddhar Khan)
Ustad Siddhar Khan Dhadi (18th century Delhi) is historically revered as the seminal founding father, architect, and 'Master of Tabla' who created the first systematic Tabla Baj.
Q195
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Female Tabla Virtuosos
Who is the first prominent Female Tabla Player in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Anuradha Pal)
Pandita Anuradha Pal (disciple of Ustad Alla Rakha and Ustad Zakir Hussain) is internationally celebrated as India's first prominent female professional Tabla maestro.
Q196
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Origins of Indian Music
According to Pt. Damodar, who was the originator of music?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Mahesh)
In Sangeet Darpana, Pandit Damodar states that music originated from Lord Shiva (Mahesh / Nataraja: Samavedadidam geetam samjagraha pitamahah... Shankarad gayanat).
Q197
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Sangeet Ratnakar Principles
According to Pt. Sharangdev, which music art is prominent?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Gayan)
In Sangeet Ratnakar, Pt. Sharangdev declares vocal music supreme: Nrityam vadanugam proktam, vadam gayanuvartinam, ato pradhanam gayanamaatra (Gayan is prominent).
Q198
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Shruti System
How many Shruties are there in a Saptak?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Twenty two)
Ancient and modern Indian musicology divides one Saptak (octave) into exactly 22 microtonal intervals known as Shrutis (Chatushchatushchaiva Shadja-Madhyama-Panchamah...).
Q199
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Swara-Shruti Placement
According to Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande, on which shruti is situated the Rishabh?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (7th shruti)
Under Bhatkhande's modern swara-shruti allocation (where Shadja is on the 1st shruti Tivra), Shuddha Rishabh is established on the 7th shruti (Raktika).
Q200
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Vedic Percussion Instruments
Which Avnadha Vadya is mentioned in Rig Veda?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Gargar)
The Rigveda mentions ancient membranophones/drums including Dundubhi, Bhumi-Dundubhi, and Gargar (Gargara percussion instrument).
Q201
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Yajurvedic Instruments
Which Avnadh Vadya was mentioned in Yajur Veda?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Adambar)
In the Yajurveda, the grand sacrificial battle drum Adambar (Aadambara) is prominently mentioned as a sacred Avanaddha Vadya.
Q202
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Rasa and Laya Association
According to Natya Shastra, which laya is suitable for karun ras?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Bilambit)
Natyashastra dictates: Hasya-Shringarayo-madhyam, Karune tu Vilambitam, Raudra-Veer-Adbhuteshu Drutam (Vilambit laya is prescribed for Karuna / sorrowful sentiment).
Q203
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Laya Types
Which among the following options is not included as laya?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Saptak laya)
The three classical tempos of rhythm are Vilambit (slow), Madhya (medium), and Drut (fast); 'Saptak' refers to pitch octaves, not laya.
Q204
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Fundamental Layas
How many Layas are there in Indian Classical Music?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Three)
Indian classical music recognizes three fundamental speeds/layas of rhythm: Vilambit (slow), Madhya (medium), and Drut (fast).
Q205
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Delhi Gharana Virtuosos
Which among the following belongs to the Delhi Gharana?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa)
Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa, the legendary 'Mount Everest of Tabla', was trained in the Farrukhabad and Delhi Baj tradition under Ustad Munir Khan.
Q206
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Delhi Kinar Ka Baaj
Which Tabla Gharana is known as "Kinar Ka Baaj"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Delhi Gharana)
Delhi Gharana, founded by Ustad Siddhar Khan, is famously known as 'Dilli Baaj' or 'Kinar Ka Baaj' for its delicate, fast two-finger strokes played on the rim (Kinar/Chati).
Q207
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Ajrada Gharana Stylistics
Which Tabla Gharana has "Tisra Jati Kaida" style mostly?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ajrada Gharana)
Ajrada Gharana (founded by Kallu Khan and Miru Khan) is celebrated for its intricate cross-rhythmic subdivisions, complex Bayan modulations, and mastery over Tisra Jati (3-subdivision) Kaidas.
Q208
History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Lucknow Gharana Founders
Which among the following are the founders of Lucknow Gharana?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Modu Khan and Bakshu Khan)
Ustad Modu Khan and Ustad Bakshu Khan (grandsons of Ustad Siddhar Khan who moved from Delhi to Awadh) founded the Lucknow Tabla Gharana (Khula Baaj / Thap Baaj).
Q209
Tabla Gharanas, Tala Pranas & Layakari MathematicsPunjab Gharana History
Which Tabla Gharana is known for Lala Bhawani Das?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Punjab Gharana)
Lala Bhawani Das, a great Pakhawaj and Tabla master of Punjab, heavily influenced the creation and repertoire of the Punjab Tabla Gharana.
Q210
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyFreedom Movement Chronology
The Quit India Movement was launched in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1942)
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement (August Kranti) on August 8, 1942 at the Bombay session of the AICC.
Q211
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyINC History
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in which city?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Bombay)
The first session of the INC was held in Bombay at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in December 1885, presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee.
Q212
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyJallianwala Bagh 1919
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1919)
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab under British General Reginald Dyer.
Q213
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySwadeshi Movement Origins
The Swadeshi Movement was launched in response to which event?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Partition of Bengal)
The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was launched in 1905 to protest the Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.
Q214
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyNational Slogans
Who is known for the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bal Gangadhar Tilak)
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak coined the famous nationalist slogan: 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'.
Q215
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPartition of India 1947
Who was appointed to draw the boundary line between India and Pakistan in 1947?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sir Cyril Radcliffe)
Sir Cyril Radcliffe was appointed Chairman of the Boundary Commissions to demarcate the international borders (Radcliffe Line) between India and Pakistan.
Q216
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyViceroys of India
Who was the last British Viceroy of India at the time of partition of India?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Lord Mountbatten)
Lord Louis Mountbatten served as the last British Viceroy of India (March–August 1947) and first Governor-General of independent India.
Q217
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyEarth Latitudes
What is the latitude of the Equator?
💡Correct Answer: Option A ($0^\circ$)
The Equator is the reference line of 0∘ latitude dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Q218
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPrime Meridian
The Prime Meridian passes through which city?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (London)
The Prime Meridian (0∘ longitude) passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in London, United Kingdom.
Q219
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPoles Latitude
The South Pole is located at which latitude?
💡Correct Answer: Option B ($90^\circ\text{ S}$)
The South Pole is the southernmost point on Earth located at 90∘ S latitude.
Q220
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyAgricultural Systems
Which type of farming involves the growing of crops for sale in the market, rather than for personal consumption?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Commercial farming)
Commercial farming is the agricultural system where crops and livestock are raised on a large scale primarily for sale and profit in markets.
Q221
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySubsistence Agriculture
Which of the following is a characteristic of subsistence farming?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Primarily for personal consumption)
Subsistence farming is small-scale farming where farmers grow food crops to meet the immediate survival needs of their own family.
Q222
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyHorticulture
Which type of farming involves the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers, primarily for market sale?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Horticulture)
Horticulture is the specialized branch of agriculture focused on the intensive cultivation of fruits (pomology), vegetables (olericulture), and ornamental flowers (floriculture).
Q223
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPlantation Agriculture
Which of the following is an example of plantation farming?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Growing coffee, tea, or rubber on large estates)
Plantation agriculture involves large commercial estates dedicated to the single-crop monoculture of cash crops like tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and oil palm.
Q224
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyFederalism in Indian Polity
What is the primary characteristic of a federal system of Government?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Power is divided between central and regional governments)
Federalism is a constitutional governance structure in which sovereign powers are constitutionally divided between a National/Central government and sub-national State/Regional governments.
Q225
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySectors of Economy
Which of the following is a characteristic of the primary sector of the economy?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Extraction of raw materials from nature)
The Primary Sector comprises economic activities that directly harvest and extract natural resources (agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining).
Q226
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySecondary Economic Sector
Which of the following industries falls under the secondary sector?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Textile manufacturing)
The Secondary Sector processes and manufactures industrial goods from raw materials (e.g. textile mills, automotive factories, construction).
Q227
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyTertiary Sector
Which sector is responsible for the production of services rather than goods?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Tertiary sector)
The Tertiary Sector (service sector) produces intangible commercial, transport, educational, banking, and healthcare services.
Q228
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySoils of India
Which type of soil is best for cotton cultivation in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Black soil)
Black soil (Regur soil / Black Cotton Soil) of the Deccan lava plateau is rich in clay, moisture-retentive, and ideal for growing cotton.
Q229
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySoil Characteristics
Which of the following is a characteristic of saline soil?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (High salinity and poor drainage)
Saline soils (Usara soils) contain high concentrations of soluble salts (sodium, magnesium, calcium chlorides/sulfates) and exhibit poor internal drainage.
Q230
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyAnalogies Reasoning
Book is to Reading as Fork is to
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Eating)
Functional object analogy: A book is an instrument used for reading; a fork is an instrument used for eating.
Q231
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyAnalogies Reasoning
Clock is to Time as Thermometer is to
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Temperature)
Measurement instrument analogy: A clock measures time; a thermometer measures temperature.
Q232
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyLetter Coding
If in a certain code, "APPLE" is written as "BQQMF", how is "MANGO" written in that code?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (NBOHP)
Letter shift coding: Each letter is shifted +1 forward (A−>B,P−>Q,P−>Q,L−>M,E−>F). Thus M(+1)−>N,A(+1)−>B,N(+1)−>O,G(+1)−>H,O(+1)−>P⟹ NBOHP.
Q233
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection Sense
A person walks 10 meters to the North, then 5 meters to the East, then 10 meters to the South, and finally 5 meters to the East. In which direction is the person now from the starting point?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (East)
Vertical displacement: +10m North−10m South=0m. Horizontal displacement: +5m East+5m East=+10m East. The person is directly East of origin.
Q234
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDisplacement Reasoning
If a person walks 10 meters East, then 5 meters North, then 10 meters West, and finally 5 meters South, where is he now in relation to his starting point?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (At the same point)
East 10m, North 5m, West 10m (returns to starting longitude), South 5m (returns to starting latitude). Net displacement is zero (At the same point).
Q235
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection and Cardinal Points
A person starts walking from a point. He walks 10 meters North, then turns to his left and walks 20 meters. Then, he turns right and walks 10 meters again. In which direction is he from the starting point?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (North-west)
North 10m (+y), Left (West) 20m (-x), Right (North) 10m (+y). Net position is +20m North and 20m West⟹ North-West.
Q236
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyBlood Relations
If A is the father of B, and B is the brother of C, then how is A related to C?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Father)
Since B and C are siblings, the father of B (A) is also the Father of C.
Q237
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyBlood Relations Puzzle
A woman is looking at a picture. A man asks, "Who are you looking at?" The woman replies, "Brothers and sisters, I have none. But the father of the person in the picture is my father's son." who is in the picture?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Her son)
The speaker has no siblings, so 'my father's son' is herself (or in this phrasing, her son / herself). 'The father/parent of person in picture is myself' ⟹ The person in picture is Her son.
Q238
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyBlood Relations
A man says to a woman, "Your mother is my daughter." How is the woman related to the man?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Grand daughter)
If the woman's mother is the man's daughter, the woman is the man's Granddaughter.
Q239
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyFamily Relations
Pointing to a woman, A says, "She is the wife of my brother's son." How is the woman related to A?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Daughter-in-Law)
A's 'brother's son' is A's nephew. The wife of A's nephew is culturally/legally addressed as A's Daughter-in-Law (Bahu / Niece-in-law).
Q240
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyCommunication Skills
Active listening involves
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Giving full attention and understanding the message)
Active listening requires concentrating fully, understanding, responding constructively, and retaining what is being communicated.
Q241
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyWorkplace Safety Principles
Why is workplace safety important?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
Workplace safety programs prevent occupational injuries, ensure legal regulatory compliance, boost morale, and optimize overall productivity (All of the above).
Q242
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySafety Non-compliance Costs
Which of the following can result from ignoring workplace safety?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Higher insurance costs)
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetySafety Culture
A workplace safety culture focuses on
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Protecting workers from harm)
A robust organizational safety culture prioritizes proactively identifying hazards and protecting all employees from physical and psychological harm.
Q244
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyOccupational Hazard Definition
What is an occupational hazard?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (A condition that could cause harm or injury in the workplace)
An occupational hazard is any workplace condition, substance, or activity with the inherent potential to cause harm, illness, or injury to workers.
Q245
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyChemical Hazards
Which of the following is a chemical hazard?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Welding fumes)
Welding fumes contain toxic metallic particulate oxides and gases, classifying directly as a chemical occupational hazard.
Q246
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyErgonomics
Ergonomic hazards are primarily associated with
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Poor posture or repetitive motion)
Ergonomic hazards stem from biomechanical physical stressors such as repetitive motions, awkward body postures, and poorly designed workstations.
Q247
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyQuality Standards (ISO 9000)
What is the main purpose of the ISO 9000 series of standards?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To ensure product quality and customer satisfaction)
ISO 9000 is an international quality management standard establishing frameworks to ensure organizations consistently meet customer requirements and deliver quality products.
Q248
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyStandardization Bodies
What does BIS stand for?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bureau of Indian Standards)
BIS stands for the Bureau of Indian Standards, the National Standards Body of India established under the BIS Act 2016.
Q249
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyFactories Act 1948 Purpose
The primary purpose of the Factories Act , 1948 is to
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ensure health, safety, and welfare of workers in factories)
The Factories Act 1948 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law regulating occupational health, machine safety, and working welfare of labor in manufacturing factories.
Q250
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyOvertime Provisions
According to the Factories Act, 1948, overtime wages should be paid at
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Double the ordinary rate of wages)
Under Section 59 of the Factories Act 1948, whenever a worker works for more than 9 hours in any day or more than 48 hours in any week, overtime wages must be paid at double the ordinary rate of wages.
Q251
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyMetric System Units
In the metric system, what is the base unit of volume?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Cubic meter)
The SI coherent derived base unit of volume is the Cubic meter (m3) (with the liter defined as 1 dm3).
Q252
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyVolume Conversion
A liquid has a volume of 0.5 liters. What is the equivalent volume in milliliters?
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyFirst in India Awards
Who was the first Indian to win the 'Miss World' title?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Rita Faria)
Reita Faria Powell won the Miss World pageant in 1966, becoming the first Indian and first Asian woman to win the title.
Q255
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyAir Pollutants
Which of the following is NOT a common air pollutant?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Carbon dioxide)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a natural greenhouse gas constituent of the atmosphere (not traditionally classified as a toxic criterion air pollutant like SO2,NOx, or CFCs).
Q256
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPrimary vs Secondary Pollutants
What is the term used for pollutants that are produced naturally, such as volcanic ash and pollen?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Primary pollutants)
Primary pollutants are substances emitted directly from an identifiable source into the atmosphere, including natural sources like volcanic ash and bioaerosols/pollen.
Q257
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyGreenhouse Effect
Which of these pollutants contributes to the greenhouse effect?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous oxide (N2O) are all potent greenhouse gases trapping terrestrial infrared radiation.
Q258
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyParalinguistic Communication
What does paralinguistic refer to in non-verbal communication?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (The tone, pitch, and speed of speech)
Paralanguage (paralinguistics) encompasses the vocal but non-verbal dimensions of speech: vocal tone, pitch, volume, pacing, and inflection.
Q259
Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyNon-Verbal vs Verbal Communication
Which of the following is NOT an example of non-verbal communication?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Written texts)
Written text uses lexical verbal language (words and syntax), classifying as verbal communication; body language, gestures, and facial expressions are non-verbal.
Q260
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyCurrent Appointments
Who was the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in January 2025?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sanjay Malhotra)
Sanjay Malhotra assumed office as the 26th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in December 2024, succeeding Shaktikanta Das.
Q261
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyLaw Enforcement & International Networks
Which Indian agency has recently joined the Steering Committee of the Asset Recovery Interagency Network-Asia Pacific (ARIN-AP)?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI))
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was elected to the Steering Committee of the Asset Recovery Interagency Network-Asia Pacific (ARIN-AP).
Q262
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyNational Honors & Awards
Which award did Zakir Hussain receive in 2023 for his contribution to Indian classical music?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Padma Vibhushan)
Ustad Zakir Hussain was conferred the Padma Vibhushan (India's second-highest civilian award) in 2023.
Q263
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyOlympic Games Highlights
In which event did Manu Bhaker win her first Olympic medal?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (10m Air Pistol)
Manu Bhaker won the Bronze medal in the Women's 10m Air Pistol individual event at the Paris 2024 Olympics, opening India's medal tally.
Q264
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyKhel Ratna Awards 2024
Match the following pairs of Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024 awardees with their corresponding sport. i. Shri Gukesh D ii. Shri Harmanpreet Singh iii. Shri Praveen Kumar iv. Ms. Manu Bhaker
Sports: 1) Para-Athletics 2) Hockey 3) Shooting 4) Chess
💡Correct Answer: Option D (i-4, ii-2, iii-1, iv-3)
i -> 4 (Gukesh D - Chess), ii -> 2 (Harmanpreet Singh - Hockey), iii -> 1 (Praveen Kumar - Para-Athletics), iv -> 3 (Manu Bhaker - Shooting).
Q265
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyDronacharya Awards 2024
Which of the following pairs is/are correct regarding the Dronacharya Award for Outstanding Coaches (regular category) in Sports and Games 2024? 1. Shri Subhash Rana - Para-Shooting 2. Ms. Deepali Deshpande - Badminton 3. Shri Sandeep Sangwan - Hockey
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1 and 3)
Subhash Rana was honored for Para-Shooting and Sandeep Sangwan for Hockey (Deepali Deshpande is renowned in Shooting, not Badminton).
Q266
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyAncient Indian Art & Architecture
Consider the following statements about Sittanavasal Cave: 1. The Sittanavasal Caves in Tamil Nadu are ancient Jain rock-cut temples dating back to the 7th century CE. 2. The caves are renowned for their fresco-secco mural paintings, which depict scenes of lotus ponds, animals, and Jain monks. 3. These caves are a significant example of Jain art and architecture in South India. Which of the above statements are true?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1, 2 and 3)
All three statements are historically accurate: Sittanavasal (Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu) features 7th-century Jain rock-cut caves, renowned fresco-secco lotus pond murals, and seminal Jain architectural art.
Q267
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyClassical Dances of India
Which of the following is the classical dance of Assam?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Sattriya)
Sattriya is the classical dance tradition of Assam, founded in the 15th century by the Vaishnavite saint Srimanta Sankardev.
Q268
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyNortheast Indian Festivals
Which of the following is NOT the festival of Arunachal Pradesh?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Ranikor)
Ranikor is a scenic river border town and cultural festival venue in Meghalaya (not Arunachal Pradesh).
Q269
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Painting Styles
Which of the following Indian painting styles is recognized by its use of intricate gold detailing and mythological themes?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Thanjavur)
Thanjavur (Tanjore) paintings of Tamil Nadu are famous for their rich, flat, vivid colors, surface gesso relief work, and extensive embellishment with real 22-karat gold foil and precious stones.
Q270
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyHistoric Temples of India
Which of the following statements about the famous temples of India is/are correct? 1. Meenakshi Temple (Tamil Nadu) - A historic temple in Madurai, famous for its stunning Dravidian architecture. 2. Sun Temple (Odisha) - A 13th-century temple in Konark, known for its unique chariot- shaped structure. 3. Somnath Temple (Gujarat) - A historic temple known for the annual Rath Yatra (chariot festival).
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 and 2)
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is false because the annual Rath Yatra chariot festival takes place at Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha (not Somnath).
Q271
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographySouth Indian Dynasties
Who was the founder of the Chola dynasty?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Vijayalaya Chola)
Vijayalaya Chola established the Imperial Medieval Chola Empire around 850 CE by capturing Thanjavur from the Muttarayars.
Q272
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyChronology of Indian History
Among the following queens who ruled first in chronological order?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Razia Sultana)
Razia Sultana ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 to 1240 CE, pre-dating Noor Jahan (17th c.), Ahilyabai Holkar (18th c.), and Rani Lakshmibai (19th c.).
Q273
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyBritish Colonial Policies
The Doctrine of Lapse was withdrawn due to which of the following reasons? 1. The Doctrine of Lapse was withdrawn because Lord Dalhousie was not in favor of it. 2. The doctrine significantly contributed to the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. 3. Queen Victoria's Proclamation in 1858 aimed to reassure Indian rulers and led to the abandonment of the doctrine. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (2 and 3)
Statements 2 and 3 are correct: widespread resentment over annexations fueled the 1857 revolt, prompting Queen Victoria's 1858 Proclamation to renounce further territorial expansion (Dalhousie was the architect, not opponent).
Q274
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyModern Indian Freedom Movement
The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar)
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail between Mahatma Gandhi (represented by Madan Mohan Malaviya) and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, replacing separate electorates with reserved seats for depressed classes.
Q275
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Drainage System
The Brahmaputra River flows through, which of the following countries before entering India?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Myanmar and China)
The Brahmaputra originates in Tibet (China) as the Yarlung Tsangpo, flows through China before entering India in Arunachal Pradesh.
Q276
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyMajor Dams of India
Match the following pairs about the major dams located in various states in India. i. Tehri Dam ii. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam iii. Srisailam Dam iv. Almatti Dam
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1)
i -> 4 (Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi - Uttarakhand), ii -> 3 (Nagarjuna Sagar Dam on Krishna - Telangana/AP border), iii -> 2 (Srisailam Dam on Krishna - AP/Telangana), iv -> 1 (Almatti Dam on Krishna - Karnataka).
Q277
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyMineral Resources of India
Which of the following minerals is primarily extracted from the Kudremukh mines?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Iron Ore)
The Kudremukh iron ore belt in Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka is one of the world's largest magnetite iron ore deposits.
Q278
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climate & Rainfall
Which of the following place in India has highest annual rainfall?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Mawsynram (Meghalaya))
Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya holds the Guinness World Record for the highest average annual rainfall on Earth (approx 11,872 mm).
Q279
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyForest Types of India
Mangrove forests in India are predominantly found in which region?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The Sunderbans)
The Sundarbans delta in West Bengal (formed by the confluence of Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna) is the largest single tract of halophytic mangrove swamp forest in the world.
Q280
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyStates and Capitals
Match the different states/union territories of India with their capitals. i. Assam ii. Goa iii. Lakshadweep iv. Tripura
💡Correct Answer: Option D (i-3, ii-1, iii-2, iv-4)
i -> 3 (Assam - Dispur), ii -> 1 (Goa - Porvorim/Panaji), iii -> 2 (Lakshadweep - Kavaratti), iv -> 4 (Tripura - Agartala).
Q281
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyState Reorganization
Hyderabad is the joint capital of which two Indian states until 2014?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana)
Under the AP Reorganisation Act 2014, Hyderabad served as the joint capital for both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for a transitional period of up to 10 years (until June 2024).
Q282
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIntegration of Princely States & Colonies
Which states/Union Territories were NOT part of India at the time of independence (August 1947)? 1. Goa 2. Puducherry 3. Nagaland 4. Sikkim Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1, 2 and 4)
Goa was under Portuguese rule until 1961; Puducherry was French territory until 1954; Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975. None of 1, 2, and 4 were part of India on 15 August 1947.
Q283
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyState Formation Chronology
Arrange the following states in the chronological order of formation of states. 1. Telangana 2. Maharashtra 3. Meghalaya 4. Karnataka Choose the correct options:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (4, 2, 3, 1)
Chronological state reorganization: Karnataka (Mysore State established 1956), Maharashtra (formed 1 May 1960), Meghalaya (established 1972), Telangana (created 2 June 2014) ⟹4,2,3,1.
Q284
General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KDogra Dynasty History
Which of the following statements about The Dogra Dynasty is/are correct? 1. The Dogra Dynasty was founded by Maharaja Gulab Singh, ruled the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1746 to 1947. 2. The dynasty's last ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, signed the Instrument of Accession, which made Jammu and Kashmir part of India 3. The monarchy was abolished in 1952, ending over a century of Dogra rule. Which of the above statements are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Only 2 and 3)
Statements 2 and 3 are historically correct: Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on 26 October 1947, and hereditary monarchy was formally abolished in 1952. (Statement 1 has an incorrect starting date: 1846 Treaty of Amritsar, not 1746).
Q285
General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KMedieval Kashmir History
Which ruler of Kashmir is known as the "Akbar of Kashmir" for his progressive reforms?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Zain-ul-Abidin)
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin (popularly revered as Badshah, 1420–1470 CE) is celebrated as the 'Akbar of Kashmir' for his religious tolerance, infrastructure building, canal irrigation, and patronizing arts and crafts.
Q286
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyPadma Awards 2022
In the year 2022, how many persons have been honored with Padma Awards?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (128 Persons)
The President of India approved the conferment of 128 Padma Awards in 2022 (4 Padma Vibhushan, 17 Padma Bhushan, and 107 Padma Shri).
Q287
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyFirst Women in India
Who was the first woman Chief Minister of Independent India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sucheta Kripalani)
Sucheta Kripalani served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from October 1963 to March 1967, becoming India's first woman Chief Minister.
Q288
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyBharat Ratna Laureates
Who was the first Indian woman awardee of "Bharat Ratna"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Indira Gandhi)
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1971, becoming the first woman recipient of India's highest civilian honor.
Q289
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyImportant Days in India
Which day is celebrated as the National Voluntary Blood Donation Day in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 October)
National Voluntary Blood Donation Day is observed across India annually on 1st October to raise awareness about voluntary non-remunerated blood donation.
Q290
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographySports Autobiographies
Who among the following cricketers has authored the book "Straight from the Heart: An autobiography"?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Kapil Dev)
India's 1983 World Cup-winning legendary captain Kapil Dev authored the autobiography titled 'Straight from the Heart' (2004).
Q291
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyWorld Geography Superlatives
Which is the largest river island in the World?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Majuli Island)
Majuli Island on the Brahmaputra River in Assam is recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest inhabited river island on Earth.
Q292
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyCricket World Cup History
Cricket World Cup, 1983 was held in which of the following places?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (England)
The 1983 Prudential Cricket World Cup was hosted by England (and Wales) from 9 to 25 June 1983, where India defeated the West Indies at Lord's.
Q293
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyNational Income Economics
What is the use of Net National Product (NNP)?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (To calculate per capita income)
Net National Product (NNP at factor cost) represents true National Income; dividing NNP by total population gives the country's Per Capita Income.
Q294
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climatology
The western cyclonic disturbance originates over _______
💡Correct Answer: Option C (The Mediterranean)
Western Disturbances are extra-tropical winter storms that originate over the Mediterranean Sea, bringing winter precipitation to northwestern India and J&K.
Q295
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyLakes of India
Which of these is the largest brackish water lake of India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Chilka Lake)
Chilika Lake in Odisha (covering over 1,100 km2) is the largest brackish water lagoon in India and second largest in the world.
Q296
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyGupta Temple Architecture
The famous Gupta period Dashavatara Temple, recognized as one of the earliest Panchayatan temples in north India, is located at :
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Deogarh)
The 6th-century Gupta-period stone Dashavatara Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu is located at Deogarh in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
Q297
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyMughal Gardens of Kashmir
Who built Shalimar Bagh in Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Jahangir)
Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar was built in 1619 by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his beloved wife Empress Nur Jahan.
Q298
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyInternational Organizations
Consider the following statement. Statement 1: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand. Statement 2: The ASEAN Charter serves as a firm foundation in achieving the ASEAN Community by providing legal status and institutional framework for ASEAN. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Statement 1 and 2 are correct)
Both statements are historically correct: ASEAN was founded by the Bangkok Declaration on 8 August 1967, and the ASEAN Charter entered into force in 2008 providing a legal institutional framework.
Q299
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyImportant Observance Days
Consider the following statement. Statement 1: Indian Navy Day will be celebrated on 4th of November in every year. Statement 2: Human Rights Day will be celebrated on 10th of November in every year. Choose the correct option
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect)
Both statements are incorrect: Indian Navy Day is celebrated on 4th December (Operation Trident), and International Human Rights Day is observed on 10th December (UDHR 1948).
Q300
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyPublic Sector Enterprises
Consider the following statement. Statement 1 : The full form of BHEL is Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Statement 2 : The abbreviations of GAIL stands for Gross Allowance of Industries Limited Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect)
Statement 1 is correct: BHEL stands for Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. Statement 2 is incorrect: GAIL stands for Gas Authority of India Limited.
Q301
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographySports History Statements
Consider the following statement. Statement 1: Normally commonwealth games are held at an interval of 4 years. Statement 2: K.D. Jadhav is the first Indian to win an individual medal in the Olympics. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Statement 1 and 2 are correct)
Statement 1 is correct (quadrennial interval). Statement 2 is correct (wrestler Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav won individual Bronze at Helsinki 1952). Both statements are correct.
Q302
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyDams and Hydroelectric Projects
Consider the following statement. Statement 1: Indira Sagar Dam is the largest reservoir in India Statement 2: The Koyna Hydroelectric Project is the largest hydroelectric power plant in India. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Statement 1 and 2 are correct)
Statement 1 is correct (Indira Sagar on Narmada has India's largest water storage capacity of 12.22 billion m3). Statement 2 is correct (Koyna Hydroelectric Project in Maharashtra with 1,960 MW capacity is one of the largest completed hydroelectric complexes). Both statements are correct.
Q303
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyEpithets and Heritage Sites
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List - I (Famous places): 1. The City of Palaces 2. Neela Gumbad 3. Spice Garden of India
List - II (Located States): i. Kerala ii. Kolkata iii. Delhi
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i)
1 -> ii ('City of Palaces' - Kolkata), 2 -> iii (Neela Gumbad - Humayun's Tomb complex, Delhi), 3 -> i ('Spice Garden of India' - Kerala). Match is 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i.
Q304
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyOfficial Languages of States
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List - I (State): 1. Goa 2. Maharashtra 3. Manipur
List - II (Primary/Official Language): i. Meitei ii. Marathi iii. Konkani
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i)
1 -> iii (Goa - Konkani), 2 -> ii (Maharashtra - Marathi), 3 -> i (Manipur - Meitei / Manipuri). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
Q305
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyImportant Commemorative Dates
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List - I (Event): 1. Indian Air Force Day 2. World Teacher's Day 3. National Army Day
List - II (Dates): i. 5th October ii. 15th January iii. 8th October
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii)
1 -> iii (Indian Air Force Day - 8th October), 2 -> i (World Teachers' Day - 5th October), 3 -> ii (National Army Day - 15th January). Match is 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii.
Q306
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyFamous Books and Authors
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List - I (Books): 1. Harry Potter Series 2. Discovery of India 3. Oliver Twist
List - II (Authors): i. Charles Dickens ii. J.K. Rowling iii. Jawaharlal Nehru
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i)
1 -> ii (Harry Potter - J.K. Rowling), 2 -> iii (Discovery of India - Jawaharlal Nehru), 3 -> i (Oliver Twist - Charles Dickens). Match is 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i.
Q307
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyPre-Monsoon Rainfall Terms
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List - I (Climate/Rainfall terms): 1. Rain caused by a lightning storm is called "Cherry Blossom" 2. Mango Showers are common in 3. Related to Pre-Monsoon shower 'Nor Westers'.
List- II (Representative of Indian States): i. West Bengal and Assam ii. Kerala iii. Karnataka
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i)
1 -> iii (Cherry Blossom coffee showers - Karnataka), 2 -> ii (Mango Showers - Kerala & coastal Karnataka), 3 -> i (Nor'westers / Kalbaisakhi - West Bengal & Assam). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
Q308
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Dams Superlatives
Arrange in order: Highest Dam in India, Longest Dam in India, Oldest Dam in India
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Tehri Dam in Bhagirathi River, Hirakud Dam in Mahanadi River, Kallanai Dam in Kaveri River.)
Highest Dam: Tehri Dam (260.5m on Bhagirathi, Uttarakhand); Longest Dam: Hirakud Dam (25.8 km on Mahanadi, Odisha); Oldest Dam: Kallanai Dam / Grand Anicut (built by Karikala Chola on Kaveri, Tamil Nadu).
Q309
General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyOlympic Badminton History
Saina Nehwal is the _______ Indian Badminton player to have won an Olympic medal. She won the _______ medal in women's singles at the London Olympic in _______. Fill in the blanks in the correct order from the given options.
💡Correct Answer: Option B (First, bronze, 2012)
Saina Nehwal became the First Indian badminton player to win an Olympic medal when she clinched the Bronze medal in women's singles at the London Olympics in 2012.
Q310
Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology & Drug SARAntidepressant History & SAR
Modifications of which antitubercular drug leads to the production of antidepressant drugs
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Isoniazid)
Chemical modification of the antitubercular agent Isoniazid led to the discovery of Iproniazid, the first Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant.
Q311
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessModern Indian History
Which of the following battle marked the beginning of the British rule in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Battle of Plassey)
The Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757), where the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, marked the beginning of British political rule in India.
Q312
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessIndian Olympic Hockey History
In which year did India win its first Olympic gold medal in Hockey?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1928)
India won its first historic Olympic Gold Medal in Field Hockey at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games under captain Jaipal Singh Munda and legendary wizard Major Dhyan Chand.
Q313
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryFreedom Movement Chronology
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1919)
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab.
Q314
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryQuit India Movement
The Quit India Movement was launched in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1942)
Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay.
Q315
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryNational Slogans
Who gave the famous slogan "Give me blood and I will give you freedom"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Subhas Chandra Bose)
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose delivered his famous inspirational rallying cry 'Give me blood and I will give you freedom!' to the Indian National Army (INA) in Burma in 1944.
Q316
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryViceroys of India
Who was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Chelmsford)
Lord Chelmsford served as the Viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921 when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919.
Q317
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryDandi March 1930
The famous 'Salt March' (Dandi March) was led by Mahatma Gandhi in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1930)
Mahatma Gandhi led the historic 24-day Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April 1930.
Q318
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryPartition of Bengal
The partition of Bengal took place in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1905)
The Partition of Bengal was enacted by Viceroy Lord Curzon on 16 October 1905 (and annulled in 1911).
Q319
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryLal Bal Pal Triumvirate
Which of the following was not a part of the three main leaders of the 'Lal Bal Pal' group?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Subhas Chandra Bose)
The triumvirate 'Lal Bal Pal' consisted of Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjab), Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Maharashtra), and Bipin Chandra Pal (Bengal); Subhas Chandra Bose was not part of this trio.
Q320
Indian National Movement & Modern HistorySurat Split 1907
The Indian National Congress split into two factions at which session?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Surat Session 1907)
The INC split into Moderates and Extremists at the historic Surat Session in 1907 presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh.
Q321
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryNon-Cooperation Movement
Which event led to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Chauri Chaura Incident)
Mahatma Gandhi called off the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 following the violent Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur district, UP.
Q322
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryPoona Pact 1932
The 'Poona Pact' was signed between
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar)
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on electoral representation for Depressed Classes.
Q323
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryFundamental Rights Article 19
The right to move freely throughout the territory of India comes under which Article of the Indian Constitution?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Article 19)
Article 19(1)(d) of the Indian Constitution guarantees to all citizens the fundamental right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
Q324
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryKhilafat and Non-Cooperation
Which of the following events is related to the 'Khilafat Movement'?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Non-Cooperation Movement)
Mahatma Gandhi allied the Khilafat agitation with the nationwide Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) to forge Hindu-Muslim unity against British colonial rule.
Q325
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryFreedom Slogans
Who gave the famous slogan "Swaraj is my Birthright and I shall have it"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Bal Gangadhar Tilak)
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the clarion call: 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!'.
Q326
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryConstitutional Acts 1919
The 'Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms' were introduced in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1919)
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (enacted as the Government of India Act 1919) introduced provincial dyarchy.
Q327
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryViceroys of India
Who was the last British Viceroy of India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Mountbatten)
Lord Louis Mountbatten was the last British Viceroy of India (serving from March to August 1947).
Q328
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryChamparan Satyagraha 1917
The famous 'Champaran Satyagraha' was associated with the issue of
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Indigo plantation)
Champaran Satyagraha (1917 in Bihar) was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, organized to protest the exploitative Tinkathia indigo farming system.
Q329
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryModerates vs Extremists
The main difference between the Moderates and the Extremists was
💡Correct Answer: Option B (The method of achieving independence)
Moderates relied on constitutional petitions, prayers, and gradualist dialogue (3Ps), whereas Extremists advocated direct mass action, swadeshi, boycotts, and self-reliance.
Q330
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryDivide and Rule Policy
The 'Partition of Bengal' in 1905 was a move by the British to
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Divide and rule by creating a divide between Hindus and Muslims)
Lord Curzon engineered the Partition of Bengal to weaken Indian nationalist solidarity along communal fault lines ('Divide and Rule').
Q331
Indian National Movement & Modern HistorySocio-Religious Reformers
Who is known as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Raja Ram Mohan Roy)
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, founder of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and champion of social reforms including the abolition of Sati, is honored as the Father of the Indian Renaissance.
Q332
Indian National Movement & Modern HistorySocial Reformers
Which reformer is associated with the promotion of widow remarriage in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar)
Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar led the campaign that resulted in the enactment of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act (Act XV of 1856).
Q333
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryRamakrishna Mission
Which movement, founded by Swami Vivekananda, emphasized the idea of Indian self-reliance and national pride?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ramakrishna Mission)
Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission on 1 May 1897 to propagate practical Vedanta, social service, and national self-reliance.
Q334
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryGandhian Era Chronology
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1915)
Mahatma Gandhi returned permanently to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915, commemorated annually as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
Q335
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryDandi March Origin
Where was the famous Dandi March (Salt March) started by Gandhiji?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sabarmati Ashram)
Mahatma Gandhi set out on the historic 240-mile Salt March from his headquarters at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad on 12 March 1930.
Q336
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryLahore Session 1929
In 1929, at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, which resolution was passed under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution)
At the historic midnight Lahore Session on 31 December 1929, the INC declared 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) as its ultimate goal and fixed 26 January 1930 as Independence Day.
Q337
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryQuit India Slogans
Which famous slogan was coined during the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Do or die)
Mahatma Gandhi gave the clarion call 'Do or Die' (Karo ya Maro) at the launch of the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
Q338
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryCivil Disobedience Movement
In which year did Gandhiji launch the "Civil Disobedience Movement" to challenge British laws?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1930)
Mahatma Gandhi formally inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement on 6 April 1930 by breaking the Salt Law at Dandi.
Q339
Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryCauses of Quit India Movement
Which of the following was one of the main reasons behind the launch of the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Failure of the Cripps Mission)
The complete collapse and failure of Sir Stafford Cripps's Mission in April 1942 directly precipitated Gandhi's call for immediate British withdrawal.
Q340
Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementOlympic Movement History
In which year were the Olympic Games first revived?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1896)
The modern Olympic Games were first revived in 1896 in Athens, Greece, organized by Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
Q341
Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementOlympic Movement History
Who is considered the father of modern Olympic Games?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Pierre de Coubertin)
Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France is universally recognized as the Father of the Modern Olympic Games for establishing the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
Q342
Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementCommonwealth Games History
The first Commonwealth Games were held in:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1930)
The inaugural Commonwealth Games (then called the British Empire Games) were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Q343
Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Training PrinciplesHistory of Training Methods
Arrange the following physical training methods in the order of their development: 1. Circuit training 2. Interval training 3. Fartlek training 4. Plyometric training Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (3, 2, 1, 4)
Historical timeline: Fartlek training (developed by Gösta Holmér in 1937), Interval training (formalized by Gerschler/Reindell in 1930s/40s), Circuit training (Morgan and Adamson, 1953), Plyometric training (Yuri Verkhoshansky, 1960s-1970s). Sequence: 3, 2, 1, 4 (or 2, 3, 1, 4). Correct option is C (3, 2, 1, 4).
Q344
Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityHistory of Psychology
Who is considered the "father of psychology"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Wilhelm Wundt)
Wilhelm Wundt is universally recognized as the Father of Experimental Psychology for founding the first formal psychological research laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
Q345
Computer Networks, Internet Protocols & Web TechnologiesHistory of JavaScript
Which company developed the JavaScript programming language?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Netscape)
JavaScript was originally created in 1995 by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications Corporation for the Netscape Navigator browser.
Q346
Computer Networks, Internet Protocols & Web TechnologiesHistory of the Internet
Who created the World Wide Web?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Tim Berners-Lee)
Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN, authoring the first web browser, HTTP protocol, and HTML standard.
Q347
Computer Networks, Internet Protocols & Web TechnologiesHistory of ARPANET & Internet
What was the significance of the ARPANET protocol suite?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (It allowed multiple networks to interconnect and communicate)
The migration of ARPANET to TCP/IP on January 1, 1983 ('Flag Day') was historically momentous because it established an open inter-networking architecture that allowed multiple heterogeneous networks to interconnect and communicate seamlessly.
Q348
Operating Systems (Linux, Windows), System Software & Hardware ArchitectureWindows OS History
Which version of Windows was the first to support the Windows Store for downloading apps?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Windows 8)
The Windows Store (now Microsoft Store) was first introduced in Windows 8 in October 2012 for distributing Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and Metro-style apps.
Q349
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessHistory and Forts of J&K
Hari parbat was built by
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Atta Mohammed Khan)
The present historic Hari Parbat Fort (Durrani Fort / Qila Koh-e-Maran in Srinagar) was constructed in 1808 by Afghan governor Atta Mohammed Khan (the original outer rampart wall was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1590).
Q350
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Sensors
Which device in the camera turns light energy into electrical energy?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Image Sensor)
The Image Sensor (CCD or CMOS semiconductor array) contains millions of photosites (photodiodes) that convert incoming photons of light into electrical charge signals.
Q351
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Color Photography
A film introduced in 1936, was created for the 35 mm still photography market. It was the first accurate, inexpensive, easy- to use and reliable method for creating colour photographs:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Kodachrome transparency film)
Kodachrome color reversal transparency film, invented by Leopold Godowsky Jr. and Leopold Mannes and manufactured by Eastman Kodak in 1935–1936, revolutionized 35mm color photography.
Q352
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Lens Optics
What type of lens is known for its ability to focus vertically and horizontally lines at the same time?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Anastigmatic Lens)
An Anastigmat lens is an optical lens designed to eliminate astigmatism aberration, enabling simultaneous sharp focusing of both horizontal and vertical lines across the entire image plane.
Q353
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsLighting Fundamentals
The light source that casts sharp, well define shadows is called ______
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Hard light)
Hard Light (produced by small or distant pinpoint light sources without diffusion, such as direct sunlight or clear fresnel spots) casts sharp, crisp, and well-defined shadow edges.
Q354
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsAperture & Diaphragm
What does the lens diaphragm control?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (The speed, depth of field, and definitions)
The adjustable lens diaphragm (aperture opening) controls the amount/speed of light entering the camera, the Depth of Field (DOF), and the optical definition/sharpness.
Q355
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Shutter Types
Consider the following statements: I. A leaf shutter or between-the-lens shutter is generally located inside the lens itself. II. A focal-plane shutter is built into the camera and is located directly in front of the film. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both I and II are correct)
Both statements are correct: Leaf shutters are located between optical lens elements inside the lens barrel (offering flash sync at all speeds), while Focal-Plane shutters consist of curtains positioned immediately in front of the film/sensor in the camera body.
Q356
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Obscura History
What was the purpose of using camera obscuras to study eclipses?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (To observe the eclipses without damaging the eyes)
Historically (since antiquity and the Renaissance), astronomers used the Camera Obscura pinhole projection to safely view solar eclipses without looking directly at the sun, preventing permanent retinal damage.
Q357
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & Optics19th Century Photographic Processes
The 19th-century photography technique that relied on the use of egg whites to create sharp, glossy images is:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Albumen print)
The Albumen Print process (invented in 1847 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard) used egg whites (albumen) to bind silver salts to paper, producing the dominant glossy, high-resolution photographic print of the 19th century.
Q358
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsTelephoto Lenses
When would you use a telephoto lens?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To photograph something far away)
A Telephoto Lens has a long focal length (>70ext−−300extmm) and narrow angle of view, designed specifically to magnify and capture distant subjects (wildlife, sports).
Q359
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMaster Photographers
Arnold Newman (1918-2006) was an American photographer known for his pioneering work in:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Environmental portraiture)
Arnold Newman is universally acclaimed as the 'Father of Environmental Portraiture', capturing prominent subjects in their natural working and living surroundings (e.g. Igor Stravinsky at his piano).
Q360
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPhotoshop Software
Adobe Systems develops Photoshop, which is available for ______
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both A and B)
Adobe Photoshop is cross-platform raster graphics editing software officially supported and available on both Windows and macOS operating systems (Both A and B).
Q361
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Types Matching
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column - I: 1) Shows you the scene directly through the lens. 2) The light comes directly from the subject, through the lens to a ground glass viewing screen. 3) Shows you a scene through a small window. 4) Instead of an exposing film, the light rays excite a computer chip to capture photograph onto a memory card.
Column - II: i) Rangefinder Camera ii) SLR Camera iii) Digital Camera iv) View Camera
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii)
1 -> ii (SLR: reflex mirror shows scene through the shooting lens), 2 -> iv (View Camera: large format ground glass back screen), 3 -> i (Rangefinder: separate optical viewfinder window), 4 -> iii (Digital Camera: electronic sensor chip recording to memory card). Correct match: 1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii.
Q362
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPhotographic Chemistry
Which precious metal was most widely used in 19th-century photography?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Silver)
Silver (in the form of light-sensitive Silver Halide salts: silver iodide, silver bromide, and silver chloride) formed the fundamental chemical basis of 19th and 20th-century photography.
Q363
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Angles & Framing
An eye-level shot has what effect on the viewer?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Makes the viewer feel like they are in the same space as the subject)
An Eye-Level Shot matches the natural human standing perspective, creating neutral, relatable realism and making the viewer feel as though they share the same physical and emotional space as the subject.
Q364
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsIconic Historical Photographs
The famous 'Migrant Mother' photograph taken by American photographer:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Dorothea Lange in 1936)
Dorothea Lange took the iconic Great Depression photograph 'Migrant Mother' (Florence Owens Thompson and her children) in Nipomo, California in March 1936 for the Farm Security Administration.
Q365
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsDigital Image Bit Depth
An image will have 256 variations in color per pixel if the image has a bit depth of
💡Correct Answer: Option B (8)
Color variations are given by 2n where n is the bit depth. An 8-bit channel provides 28=256 tonal levels per channel (yielding 16.7 million colors in 24-bit RGB).
Q366
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPersistence of Vision
The camera must be fast enough (in frames per second) to create an illusion of motion consistent with the phenomenon of ______ I. image capture II. persistence of vision III. image projection Consider the above statement, choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Only II)
Motion pictures rely psychologically and physiologically on the 'Persistence of Vision' (and the Phi Phenomenon/Beta Movement), where the human eye and brain retain an image for a fraction of a second, blending rapid sequential still frames into perceived continuous fluid motion. Correct: Only II.
Q367
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsTilt-Shift Lenses
A shift lens is also known as a:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Perspective correction lens)
A Shift Lens (part of Tilt-Shift optics) allows the optical elements to be translated parallel to the sensor plane, functioning as a Perspective Correction (PC) lens to eliminate converging vertical lines in architectural photography.
Q368
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMacro Photography
What is a characteristic of a macro lens?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (It focuses on small, close-up subjects)
A Macro Lens is specially optically corrected for ultra-close focusing distances, capable of reproducing small subjects at true 1:1 (life-size) magnification on the sensor.
Q369
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMaster Photojournalism
A 1984 portrait taken by American photojournalist Steve McCurry that was later published as the cover photograph for the June 1985 issue of National Geographic:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Afghan Girl)
Steve McCurry's 1984 photograph of Sharbat Gula, titled 'Afghan Girl', taken in the Nasir Bagh refugee camp in Pakistan, became the world-famous June 1985 cover of National Geographic.
Q370
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsComputer Peripherals
The I/O devices are sometimes called the peripheral devices because they surround the CPU and memory of the computer system.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (The statement is TRUE.)
Input/Output hardware (keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, disk drives) are classified as peripheral devices because they operate on the periphery of the central processing unit and primary memory.
Q371
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistorical Camera Innovations
Which camera (from around 1984) used solar energy to assist the batteries?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ricoh XR-S)
The Ricoh XR-S (introduced in 1981–1984) was the world's first 35mm SLR camera featuring built-in solar panels on the pentaprism to recharge internal storage batteries.
Q372
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Shooting Modes
Which feature allows the camera to take multiple shots in quick succession?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Burst mode)
Burst Mode (Continuous High-Speed Shooting) captures a continuous stream of sequential photos as long as the shutter button remains depressed.
Q373
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistorical Photographic Processes Matching
Match the following and select the most appropriate answer from the codes given below: Column - I: 1) Silver gelatin print 2) Cibachrome print 3) Carte-de-visite 4) Ambrotypes
Column - II: i) a kind of photographs on glass ii) is generally developed-out instead of printed-out iii) a silver dye bleach print iv) a paper photograph mounted on a thin card
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i)
1 -> ii (Silver gelatin print: developed-out silver process), 2 -> iii (Cibachrome/Ilfochrome: positive-to-positive silver dye bleach print), 3 -> iv (Carte-de-visite: small paper portrait mounted on cardstock), 4 -> i (Ambrotype: underexposed wet collodion positive on glass). Correct match: 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i.
Q374
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Kodak
Kodak camera was invented by ______
💡Correct Answer: Option C (George Eastman)
George Eastman invented and patented the handheld Kodak roll-film camera in 1888 with the slogan 'You press the button, we do the rest'.
Q375
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsComputer Hardware
Which of the following are physical devices of a computer?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hardware)
Hardware refers to the tangible, physical electronic and mechanical machinery components of a computer system (CPU, motherboard, monitor, keyboard).
Q376
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsSensors vs Film
What part of a digital camera is similar to film in an older camera in that it captures the image created by light?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Image Sensor)
The digital Image Sensor (CMOS/CCD) performs the exact functional role that photographic chemical film played in analog cameras: recording light photons.
Q377
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsInput Devices
Which of the following is NOT a point-and-draw device?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Keypad)
A Keypad is an alphanumeric discrete text input device, whereas Trackballs, Touchscreens, and Mice are graphical Point-and-Draw pointing devices.
Q378
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHeliography Process
A process developed by French physicist Joseph Niepce in 1816 that produced a positive copy of an engraving by exposing a glass plate coated with asphalt-like substance is known as:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Heliography)
Nicéphore Niépce named his bitumen of Judea (asphalt) light-sensitive photographic process 'Heliography' (sun drawing), creating the earliest known surviving permanent photograph in 1826.
Q379
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistorical Lunar Cameras
The first camera used on the moon:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Hasseblad 500EL HEC)
The customized medium-format Hasselblad 500EL Data Camera (HEC - Hasselblad Electric Camera with Zeiss Biogon lens) was used by Neil Armstrong on the lunar surface during the Apollo 11 moon landing in July 1969.
Q380
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Photography in India
In October 1854, the first official Indian Photographic Society was launched in which city:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mumbai)
The Photographic Society of Bombay (Mumbai) was formally founded in October 1854, becoming the first photographic society established in India.
Q381
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsTime-Sharing Systems
Which of the following is a type of technique in which dumb terminals are connected to a central computer system?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Time Sharing)
In a Time-Sharing multi-user operating system environment, multiple non-intelligent 'dumb terminals' (display and keyboard) share the processing time of a single central mainframe CPU.
Q382
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera History and DSLR Features
Consider the following statements: I. The first prototype filmless SLR camera was publicly demonstrated by Sony in August 1981. II. The first 35mm still camera was developed in 1930. III. DSLR cameras allow you to combine the camera body with lens attachments of your choice, whether that's a fisheye or a zoom lens. IV. Invented the first negative from which multiple positive prints could be made. Which of the given statement is/ are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (I and III)
Statements I and III are correct: (I) Sony demonstrated the pioneering electronic still video camera 'Mavica' in August 1981. (III) DSLRs feature interchangeable lens mounts supporting diverse optics. (Statement II is false as Leica created 35mm cameras in 1913/1925). Correct: I and III.
Q383
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsComputer Displays
Computer monitors are also called VDUs. What does VDU stand for:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Visual Display Unit)
VDU stands for Visual Display Unit, referring to computer monitor screens used to visually display output data.
Q384
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPhotography Historical Milestones Matching
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column - I: 1) The first advertisement with a photograph is published in Philadelphia 2) William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process, the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies. 3) Panoramic camera, called the Sutton, is patented 4) First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera
Column - II: i) 1841 ii) 1843 iii) 1840 iv) 1859
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii)
1 -> ii (First photo ad in Philadelphia: 1843), 2 -> i (Fox Talbot patents Calotype: 1841), 3 -> iv (Thomas Sutton patents panoramic water-filled lens camera: 1859), 4 -> iii (Alexander Wolcott mirror camera patent US No. 1582: May 1840). Correct match: 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii.
Q385
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsFirst Permanent Photograph
Who managed to achieve the world's first permanent photographic image?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Joseph Niepce)
French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce successfully created the world's oldest surviving permanent photograph, 'View from the Window at Le Gras', in 1826/1827.
Q386
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsFirst Portrait Studio
The world's first photographic portrait studio was opened in
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1840 in New York City)
Alexander Wolcott and John Johnson opened the world's very first commercial daguerreotype portrait studio in New York City in March 1840, utilizing Wolcott's patented concave mirror camera.
Q387
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsFisheye Lenses
The angle of view of a Fisheye lens is ______
💡Correct Answer: Option B ($180^\circ$)
A full-frame circular or diagonal Fisheye lens produces extreme wide-angle hemispherical distortion with an Angle of View of up to 180∘.
Q388
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsOptical vs Digital Zoom
Which type of zoom uses the camera's lens to magnify the image?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Optical)
Optical Zoom physically adjusts internal glass lens elements to magnify the focal image onto the sensor with zero loss of resolution (unlike Digital Zoom which crops and interpolates pixels).
Q389
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPhotometry Units (Candlepower)
Consider the following statements: Candlepower (CP): I. is measured in lux. II. is a unit of measurement for luminous intensity. III. in modern usage, is sometimes used as a synonym for candle. IV. is the luminous flux emitted by the source per unit time. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Both II and III are correct)
Statements II and III are correct: Candlepower (cp) is an obsolete unit of Luminous Intensity (equivalent to 1 candela / candle). Statement I is false (illuminance is in lux; candlepower is in candela) and IV describes luminous flux (lumens). Correct: Both II and III are correct.
Q390
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCamera Optical Mechanics
Which lens type is used in the focusing assembly/mechanism of the camera?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Convex Lens)
Camera focusing mechanisms utilize Convex (converging) optical lens groupings that move axially along the lens barrel to converge light rays precisely onto the focal plane.
Q391
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsCalotype Process
How did Talbot's calotype work?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (A sheet of paper coated with silver chloride was exposed to light, with the areas hit by light becoming dark, thus producing a negative image.)
William Henry Fox Talbot's Calotype (Talbotype) process used high-quality paper sensitized with silver iodide/chloride, exposed in a camera to form a latent image developed with gallo-nitrate of silver to create a paper Negative from which multiple positive prints could be made.
Q392
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsComputer Character Encodings
Which of the following is not a type of computer code?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (EDIC)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), and EBCDIC (Extended BCD Interchange Code) are established character encoding systems; 'EDIC' is not a recognized computer character encoding standard.
Q393
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPortrait Lenses
On a full frame 35mm DSLR camera, which of the following lenses would be best for portrait work?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (85 mm)
An 85mm prime lens (or 85–105mm) is the industry benchmark for full-frame portraiture because it renders natural human facial proportions with zero wide-angle distortion and produces pleasing background bokeh isolation.
Q394
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsPhotographic Emulsion
Emulsion is a:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (light sensitive gelatin)
Photographic emulsion is a light-sensitive colloidal suspension of microscopic silver halide crystals (silver bromide/iodide) evenly distributed in purified Gelatin coated on film base or paper.
Q395
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsAnsel Adams Biography
Who received a Kodak camera in 1916 to take photos at Yosemite?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ansel Easton Adams)
Legendary American landscape photographer Ansel Easton Adams received his very first camera—a Kodak No. 1 Box Brownie—from his father during a family vacation to Yosemite National Park in 1916.
Q396
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsWet Collodion Process
Wet collodion process was invented in ______
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1851)
The Wet Plate Collodion process was invented by English sculptor and photographer Frederick Scott Archer in March 1851, dramatically reducing exposure times.
Q397
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsZoom Lens Definition
Zoom lens has a
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Variable focal length)
A Zoom Lens is an optical assembly featuring an adjustable, Continuously Variable Focal Length, allowing the user to change magnification and field of view without changing lenses.
Q398
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsDSLR Acronym
What does the acronym DSLR stand for?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Digital Single-Lens Reflex)
DSLR stands for Digital Single-Lens Reflex, indicating a camera that combines digital sensor imaging with an internal optical reflex mirror and prism viewfinder system.
Q399
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsSemiconductor Materials
Which of the following natural element is the primary element in computer chips?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Silicon)
Silicon (Si), a semiconductor element extracted from quartz silica sand, forms the primary crystalline substrate on which microprocessors, integrated circuits, and camera sensor chips are fabricated.
Q400
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsDaguerreotype Process
This early type of photography was named after an invention by a French scene painter.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Daguerreotype.)
The Daguerreotype (announced publicly in 1839) was invented by French Romantic painter and printmaker Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.
Q401
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsFocal Length vs Depth of Field
What type of lens would give a wider depth of field?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (35 mm)
Wider/shorter focal length lenses (such as a 35mm wide-angle lens) inherently provide a much Deeper (wider) Depth of Field at any given aperture compared to telephoto lenses (50mm, 100mm, 200mm).
Q402
Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMirrorless vs DSLR Advantages
Which of the following is an advantage of mirrorless cameras over DSLRs?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Lighter weight)
By eliminating the internal reflex mirror, prism housing, and mechanical autofocus sub-mirror assemblies, Mirrorless cameras achieve a significantly more Compact, Lighter Weight body design.
The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD(M) for Monographic Publications) was first developed and published by IFLA in 1971.
Q404
Library Automation, Digital Libraries, Networking & ICT ApplicationsWiki Software History
Who is the developer of Wiki?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ward Cunningham)
Howard G. 'Ward' Cunningham developed the first wiki software (WikiWikiWeb) in 1994–1995, introducing collaborative user-editable web pages.
Q405
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTFreedom Struggle (Quit India Movement)
Which of the following leaders was NOT associated with the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (B.R. Ambedkar)
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar opposed the Quit India Movement (1942), believing that civil disobedience during World War II would hamper national defense and the welfare of the depressed classes, whereas Aruna Asaf Ali, Lohia, and JP led underground resistance.
Q406
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTAncient History of J&K (Burzahom)
Which was the first Neolithic site discovered in Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Burzahom)
Burzahom (located in Srinagar district, Kashmir) was the first Neolithic site discovered in Kashmir in 1935 by the Yale-Cambridge expedition, renowned for subterranean pit dwellings, bone tools, and megaliths.
Q407
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaHistory of Indian Cinema
Which was the first Indian talkie film?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Alam Ara)
The first Indian sound / talkie feature film was Alam Ara ('The Ornament of the World'), directed by Ardeshir Irani and released at the Majestic Cinema in Bombay on 14 March 1931.
Q408
Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsPropaganda History Chronology
Arrange the following historical events in the order they occurred: i. Establishment of the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda in Nazi Germany. ii. Use of propaganda by the Allies during WWII. iii. Cold War propaganda efforts by the US and USSR. iv. Pope Gregory XV's establishment of the Sacra Congregation de Propaganda Fide. Choose the correct Answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (iv, i, ii, iii)
Chronological timeline of propaganda history: iv. Pope Gregory XV establishes Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide = 1622 −> i. Joseph Goebbels' Nazi Ministry of Propaganda = 1933 −> ii. Allied WWII propaganda = 1939–1945 −> iii. US/USSR Cold War psychological warfare = 1947–1991. Correct sequence: iv, i, ii, iii.
Q409
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Cinema Realism (Sawkari Pash)
Which of the following films is considered the first Indian art film?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Sawkari Pash)
Sawkari Pash ('The Indian Shylock', 1925), directed by Baburao Painter, is widely acclaimed by film historians as the First Indian Art / Social Realist Film, depicting the tragic exploitation of impoverished rural farmers by greedy moneylenders.
Q410
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Traditions
Which of the following is NOT a source of Indian film music?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Jazz music)
Indian cinema film music extensively synthesized Indian classical ragas, diverse regional folk traditions, and Western orchestral classical harmonies; while jazz elements were incorporated by specific composers (e.g. Anthony Gonsalves), traditional classical and folk streams formed the core structural sources. Choice D.
Q411
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaLandmark Indian Films Chronology
Arrange the following events in the history of Indian cinema in chronological order: i. Release of Raja Harishchandra ii. Release of Alam Ara iii. Release of Mother India iv. Release of Pather Panchali Which one of these given below is the correct order:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i, ii, iv, iii)
Chronological releases: i. Raja Harishchandra (Dadasaheb Phalke's silent film) = 1913 −> ii. Alam Ara (First sound talkie) = 1931 −> iv. Pather Panchali (Satyajit Ray's masterpiece) = 1955 −> iii. Mother India (Mehboob Khan's epic) = 1957. Correct sequence: i, ii, iv, iii.
Q412
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaFirst Indian Color Film
Which of the following films was the first Indian coloured film?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sairandhri)
Sairandhri (1933), directed by V. Shantaram (Prabhat Film Company) and processed in Germany, was India's first color film attempt, followed by Ardeshir Irani's indigenously processed Cinecolor film Kisan Kanya in 1937.
Q413
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGlobal Impact of Indian Cinema (Awaara)
Which of the following films extended the popularity of Indian cinema to the USSR and West Asia?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Awara)
Raj Kapoor's Awaara (1951, starring Raj Kapoor and Nargis) was a phenomenal international blockbuster across the Soviet Union, China, and the Middle East, with its title song 'Awara Hoon' becoming globally iconic.
Q414
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Cinema Hero Archetypes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the post-1970s Indian cinema hero (Angry Young Man era)?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Romantic and soft-spoken)
The post-1970s Bollywood hero (exemplified by Amitabh Bachchan's 'Angry Young Man' persona written by Salim-Javed) was defined by intense rage, anti-establishment rebellion, gritty toughness, and vengeance; the 'romantic, soft-spoken' persona belonged to the 1960s romantic stars (e.g. Rajesh Khanna).
Q415
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Directors Matching
Match the following films with their directors: i. Pather Panchali ii. Mother India iii. Awara iv. Mughal-e-Azam
Directors: 1. Mehboob Khan 2. Satyajit Ray 3. Raj Kapoor 4. K. Asif
Which of the following is correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4)
i -> 2 (Pather Panchali: Satyajit Ray, 1955), ii -> 1 (Mother India: Mehboob Khan, 1957), iii -> 3 (Awaara: Raj Kapoor, 1951), iv -> 4 (Mughal-e-Azam: K. Asif, 1960). Correct match: i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4.
Q416
Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsHistory of Mass Media Inventions
Arrange the following key developments in mass communication in chronological order: i. Gutenberg's printing press ii. The rise of the telegraph iii. The invention of radio iv. The emergence of the internet Choose the correct sequence:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i, ii, iii, iv)
Chronological mass media inventions: i. Johannes Gutenberg's movable metal type printing press = c. 1440 −> ii. Samuel Morse's electric telegraph = 1837/1844 −> iii. Guglielmo Marconi's wireless radio telegraphy = 1895–1901 −> iv. ARPANET / World Wide Web Internet = 1969/1989. Correct sequence: i, ii, iii, iv.
Q417
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Cinema Historical Milestones
Consider the following statements about Indian cinema: i. The first Indian talkie film, Alam Ara, was released in 1931. ii. Sawkari Pash is considered the first Indian art film. iii. Mother India was the first Indian film to win an Academy Award. iv. Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali is part of the Apu Trilogy. Which of the statements are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (i, ii, and iv)
Statements i, ii, and iv are historically correct: Alam Ara was released in 1931 (i), Sawkari Pash (1925) was the first social realist art film (ii), and Pather Panchali is the first film in the celebrated Apu Trilogy (iv). (Statement iii is false because Mother India was nominated for the Oscar in 1958, but lost to Fellini's Nights of Cabiria). Correct: i, ii, and iv.
Q418
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaRegional Indian Cinema Legends
Match the following iconic actors with their regional cinema: i. N.T. Ramarao ii. Shivaji Ganesan iii. Prem Nazir iv. Rajkumar
Regional Cinema: 1. Tamil 2. Telugu 3. Malayalam 4. Kannada
Which of the following is correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4)
i -> 2 (N.T. Rama Rao: legendary Telugu cinema icon), ii -> 1 (Sivaji Ganesan: legendary Tamil cinema icon), iii -> 3 (Prem Nazir: legendary Malayalam cinema icon), iv -> 4 (Dr. Rajkumar: legendary Kannada cinema icon). Correct match: i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4.
Q419
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGender Portrayal in Indian Cinema
Consider the following statements about the image of women in Indian cinema: i. Indian cinema has always portrayed women as independent and liberated. ii. The image of the ideal woman in Indian cinema is often that of a devoted wife and mother. iii. The vamp in Indian cinema is typically portrayed as westernised and unscrupulous. iv. Films like Sawkari Pash promoted widow remarriage and women's education. Which of the statements are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (ii and iii)
Statements ii and iii are accurate representations in classical Indian cinema: Traditional heroines were stereotyped as sacrificing, devoted wives/mothers (ii), while the antagonist 'vamp' was typically coded as westernized and morally corrupt (iii). Correct: ii and iii.
Q420
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Parallel Cinema Actresses
Which of the following actresses is known for her roles in parallel cinema and social realism?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Smita Patil)
Smita Patil (along with Shabana Azmi) was the leading face of Indian Parallel Cinema / New Wave Cinema in the 1970s and 1980s, starring in landmark social realist films like Bhumika, Manthan, Chakra, and Mirch Masala.
Q421
Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsPropaganda Nature & History
Consider the following statements about propaganda: i. Propaganda is always based on false information. ii. Propaganda can be used to influence both domestic and foreign audiences. iii. The term "propaganda" originated from religious movements in the 17th century. iv. Propaganda is only effective in totalitarian regimes. Which of the statements is/are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (ii and iii)
Statements ii and iii are historically correct: Propaganda is deployed internationally and domestically to shape public opinion (ii), and the term originated in 1622 when Pope Gregory XV founded the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (iii). (Statement i is false as white propaganda uses truth; iv is false as democracies actively use public diplomacy/propaganda). Correct: ii and iii.
Q422
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Directors (A.R. Rahman)
Which of the following music directors is associated with the film Roja?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (A.R. Rahman)
A.R. Rahman made his historic musical debut in Mani Ratnam's Tamil feature film Roja (1992), winning the National Film Award for Best Music Direction and launching a new era in Indian film sound engineering.
Q423
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaFather of Indian Cinema (Dadasaheb Phalke)
Who is credited with making the first Indian feature film, Raja Harishchandra?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Dhundiraj Govind Phalke)
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (Dadasaheb Phalke, the 'Father of Indian Cinema') directed and produced India's first indigenous full-length silent feature film, Raja Harishchandra, released on 3 May 1913 at Coronation Cinematograph, Bombay.
Q424
Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaSatyajit Ray (Pather Panchali)
Which of the following directors is associated with the film Pather Panchali?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Satyajit Ray)
Pather Panchali ('Song of the Little Road', 1955) is the legendary debut masterpiece directed by Satyajit Ray, based on Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's novel, winning the Best Human Document award at Cannes.
Q425
Computer Applications, Information Technology & NetworkingHistory of Internet Milestones
Based on the history of internet, arrange the following facilities in chronological order of development (developed or introduced): ARPANET, NSFNET, X.25, Eunet, World Wide Web
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ARPANET, X.25, Eunet, NSFNET, World Wide Web)
Chronological evolution of networking: ARPANET (1969) −> X.25 Packet Switching Standard (1976) −> EUnet European Unix Network (1982) −> NSFNET high-speed backbone (1985) −> World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee (1989–1991). Correct sequence: ARPANET, X.25, Eunet, NSFNET, World Wide Web (Choice C).
Q426
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeIndian Olympic History (K.D. Jadhav)
Who was the first Indian to win an individual medal in Olympics?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (K. D. Jadhav)
Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav (K.D. Jadhav) won the Bronze Medal in Men's Freestyle Bantamweight Wrestling at the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, becoming independent India's first individual Olympic medalist.
Q427
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeIndian History & National Symbols
Consider the following statements: Statement 1: The famous Lucknow pact of 1916 was signed between Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Statement 2: Green color in Indian National Flag signifies fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Statement 1 and 2 are correct)
Both statements are historically correct: The 1916 Lucknow Pact bringing joint cooperation between Indian National Congress and All-India Muslim League was drafted primarily by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1), and Dr. S. Radhakrishnan noted that the green band on the National Flag represents relation to the soil, plant life, fertility, and auspiciousness (2). Correct: Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
Consider the following events: Choose the correct chronological sequence: 1. Royal Indian Navy Revolt 2. Announcement of Cabinet Mission 3. Interim Government Formation Choose the correct sequence:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1, 2, 3)
Chronological timeline of 1946 events in Indian independence: 1. Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny / Revolt = 18 February 1946 −> 2. British Government Announcement of Cabinet Mission Plan = 19 February / 16 May 1946 −> 3. Formation of the Interim Government of India headed by Jawaharlal Nehru = 2 September 1946. Correct sequence: 1, 2, 3 (Choice C).
Q429
Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyHistory of Psychiatry
The term "Psychiatry" was coined by:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Johann Christian Reil)
German physician and anatomist Johann Christian Reil first coined the term 'Psychiatry' (Psychiatrie, from Greek psyche 'soul' and iatreia 'healing') in 1808.
Q430
Social Work Methods, Criminology & Social PolicyHistory of Social Work Education in India
When was the first professional school of Social Work, Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work set up in Bombay?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1936)
India's first professional school of social work, the Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work (now Tata Institute of Social Sciences - TISS), was established in Bombay in 1936 by the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust under Founding Director Dr. Clifford Manshardt.
Q431
Hotel Administration, HRACC Star Classification & TimeshareTimeshare Industry History (RCI 1974)
RCI (Resort Condominiums International), the pioneer of timeshare vacation exchange, was founded in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1974)
Resort Condominiums International (RCI) was founded in 1974 by Christel and Jon DeHaan, pioneering the timeshare exchange industry and growing into the world's largest timeshare vacation network.
Q432
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTModern Indian History Matching
Match the following historical events with their years: Events: i. Civil Disobedience Movement ii. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre iii. Quit India Movement iv. Simon Commission Arrival in India
Years: 1. 1919 2. 1942 3. 1930 4. 1928
Choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i-3, ii-1, iii-2, iv-4)
i -> 3 (Civil Disobedience Movement: launched with Dandi March in 1930), ii -> 1 (Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: 13 April 1919 in Amritsar), iii -> 2 (Quit India Movement: August 1942), iv -> 4 (Simon Commission arrived in Bombay: February 1928). Correct match: i-3, ii-1, iii-2, iv-4 (Choice B).
Q433
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTAncient History (Indus Valley Civilization)
Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the following statements: I. It was predominantly a secular civilization and the religious element, though present did not dominate the scene. II. During this period, cotton was used for manufacturing textiles in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both I and II)
Both statements are historically accurate: Archaeological evidence shows that the Harappan civilization lacked large monumental temples or theocratic rule, maintaining a predominantly secular civic character (I), and Harappans were the earliest people in the world to cultivate cotton and weave textiles, known to Greeks as Sindon (II). Correct: Both I and II.
Q434
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Constitutional History (Article 370)
Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): Jammu & Kashmir was granted special status under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. Reason (R): Article 370 allowed J&K to have its own constitution and autonomy over all matters except defense, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. Which statement is are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.)
Both Assertion and Reason are historically and constitutionally accurate: Article 370 conferred a unique constitutional asymmetric status upon J&K (A), specifically restricting Parliament's legislative powers to defense, external affairs, communications, and ancillary financial matters while permitting a separate state Constitution (R). Choice A.
Q435
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Political History Matching
Match the following historical institutions of Jammu and Kashmir: List-I: i) Established first legislature in Jammu and Kashmir ii) First speaker of Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly iii) First chairman of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative council
i -> 2 (Maharaja Hari Singh established the first legislative body, the Praja Sabha, in 1934), ii -> 1 (Ghulam Rasool Renzoo served as the first Speaker of the J&K Legislative Assembly in 1957), iii -> 3 (Shiv Narayan Fotedar was the first Chairman of the J&K Legislative Council). Correct match: i-2, ii-1, iii-3 (Choice B).
Q436
General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Modern Indian History (Poona Pact)
The historic Poona Pact of 1932 was an agreement signed between:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Gandhi and Ambedkar)
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail between Mahatma Gandhi (represented by Madan Mohan Malaviya and other leaders) and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, replacing separate electorates with reserved legislative seats for the Depressed Classes.
Q437
General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Modern Indian History (Partition of Bengal)
Name the Viceroy of India at the time of the Partition of Bengal in 1905:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Curzon)
Lord Curzon (Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905) issued the controversial order partitioning the province of Bengal in October 1905.
Q438
General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Modern Indian History (Annulment of Bengal Partition)
In which year was the partition of Bengal cancelled / annulled?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1911)
The Partition of Bengal was revoked and annulled in December 1911 by King George V at the Delhi Durbar, under Viceroy Lord Hardinge II.
Q439
General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Indian National Movement (Non-Cooperation)
In which of the following years was the Non-Cooperation Movement officially launched by Mahatma Gandhi?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1920)
The Non-Cooperation Movement was officially launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 1 August 1920 and ratified at the special session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta in September 1920.
Q440
General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Modern Indian History (Khilafat Movement)
Which among the following movements was combined with the Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhiji's leadership?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Khilafat Movement)
Mahatma Gandhi unified the Indian National Congress's Non-Cooperation Movement with the pan-Islamic Khilafat Movement (led by the Ali brothers) in 1920 to forge unprecedented Hindu-Muslim nationalist unity.
Q441
Workplace Communication, Industrial Safety, Labor Laws & BIS StandardsHistory of BIS (1 April 1987)
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) came into legal existence, through an Act of Parliament dated 26 November 1986, on:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (01.04.1987)
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Act was passed by Parliament in November 1986 and formally came into enforcement on 1 April 1987 (01.04.1987), replacing the former Indian Standards Institution (ISI).
Q442
Indian Polity, History & GeographyIndian Freedom Struggle (Poona Pact)
The Poona Pact (1932) was an historic agreement between:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Gandhi and Ambedkar)
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune between Mahatma Gandhi (represented by Madan Mohan Malaviya) and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, reserving seats for the Depressed Classes in provincial legislatures within the general electorate.
Q443
Indian Polity, History & GeographyModern Indian History (Partition of Bengal)
Name the Viceroy of India at the time of the Partition of Bengal in 1905:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lord Curzon)
Lord Curzon was the Viceroy and Governor-General of India who ordered the controversial Partition of Bengal in October 1905.
Q444
Indian Polity, History & GeographyModern Indian History (Annulment of Partition)
In which year was the partition of Bengal cancelled/annulled by the British Crown?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1911)
The Partition of Bengal was annulled by King George V at the historic Delhi Durbar in December 1911, and the capital of British India was simultaneously shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
Q445
Indian Polity, History & GeographyNon-Cooperation Movement 1920
In which of the following years was the Non-Cooperation Movement launched under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1920)
The Non-Cooperation Movement was formally launched by the Indian National Congress under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership on 1 August 1920.
Q446
Indian Polity, History & GeographyKhilafat & Non-Cooperation Movement
Which among the following movements was combined with the Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhiji's leadership?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Khilafat Movement)
Gandhiji united the Khilafat Movement (led by the Ali brothers—Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) with the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to foster Hindu-Muslim unity against British imperial rule.
Q447
Indian Polity, History & GeographyElection Commission of India
Who formally recognizes political parties and allots election symbols in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Election Commission of India)
Under the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, the Election Commission of India (ECI) registers and recognizes National and State political parties.
Q448
Indian Polity, History & GeographyAgriculture (Green Revolution)
The Green Revolution in India was primarily related to a monumental increase in:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Wheat production)
The Green Revolution in India (spearheaded by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in the mid-1960s with semi-dwarf HYV seeds) produced a dramatic surge in Wheat Production (often termed the Wheat Revolution), particularly across Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP.
Q449
Indian Polity, History & GeographyAgricultural Institutions (NAFED)
NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd) is connected with:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Agricultural marketing)
NAFED (established in 1958) is the apex organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India, promoting Agricultural Marketing and procurement of crops at Minimum Support Price (MSP).
Q450
Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography Latitudes & Longitudes
The 0-degree Meridian passing through Greenwich, England is known as the:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Prime Meridian)
The Prime Meridian is the reference line of 0∘ longitude internationally adopted at Greenwich, London, from which all other longitudes (east and west) are measured.
Q451
Indian Polity, History & GeographyIndian Standard Time (IST)
The local time at 82° 30' E longitude, standardized throughout India, is known as:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Indian Standard Time (IST))
Indian Standard Time (IST) is calculated based on the standard meridian of 82∘30′ E longitude passing through Mirzapur near Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh), running 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT (+5:30).
Q452
Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography (Tropic of Cancer)
Identify the parallel of latitude known as the Tropic of Cancer:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (23° 30'N)
The Tropic of Cancer is the parallel of latitude located at 23∘30′ N (23.5∘ N) of the Equator.
Q453
Indian Polity, History & GeographyAgriculture (Plantation Crops)
Which of the following is NOT a plantation crop?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Wheat)
Tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, and oil palm are commercial plantation crops grown on large estates. Wheat is an extensive food grain cereal crop (Rabi crop).
Q454
Indian Polity, History & GeographyIndian Polity (Fundamental Rights)
How many Fundamental Rights are currently guaranteed in the Indian Constitution?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (6)
Originally there were 7 Fundamental Rights, but the Right to Property (Article 31) was omitted by the 44th Amendment in 1978, leaving currently 6 Fundamental Rights (Articles 12 to 35).
Q455
Indian Polity, History & GeographyRight to Equality (Articles 14-18)
According to the Indian Constitution, which of the following rights is NOT included in the Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Absolute equality)
Right to Equality includes: Equality before Law (Art 14), Prohibition of discrimination (Art 15), Equality of opportunity in public employment (Art 16), and Abolition of untouchability (Art 17). The concept of 'Absolute equality' does not exist in constitutional jurisprudence because reasonable classification is permitted.
Q456
Indian Polity, History & GeographyFundamental Duties (Swaran Singh Committee)
Which of the following committees suggested the incorporation of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Swaran Singh Committee)
The Swaran Singh Committee (set up in 1976) recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India.
Q457
Indian Polity, History & GeographyConstitutional Amendments (42nd Amendment)
The Fundamental Duties were included in the Indian Constitution by which of the following Constitutional Amendments?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (42nd Constitutional Amendment)
Fundamental Duties were added to Part IV-A of the Constitution under Article 51A by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
Q458
Indian Polity, History & GeographyPhysical Geography (Seasons)
The axial tilting of the Earth (23.5∘) as it revolves around the Sun is responsible for the:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Change in seasons)
The tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation relative to its orbital plane together with its revolution around the Sun causes the varying angle of solar rays throughout the year, producing the Change in Seasons.
Q459
Indian Polity, History & GeographySolar System (Mars)
Which planet of the solar system is referred to as the "Red Planet"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mars)
Mars is known as the 'Red Planet' due to the widespread presence of iron oxide (rust) on its surface regolith.
Q460
Indian Polity, History & GeographySolar System (Venus)
Which planet is often referred to as "Earth's twin" due to its similar size, mass, and bulk composition?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Venus)
Venus is referred to as 'Earth's twin' or 'sister planet' because of its similar size, mass, density, and volume to Earth.
Q461
Indian Polity, History & GeographySectors of Economy (Secondary Sector)
The ________ sector covers economic activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing associated with industrial activity:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Secondary Sector)
The Secondary Sector includes industrial and manufacturing activities that process raw agricultural or mineral materials from the primary sector into finished goods.
Q462
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsIndian Military History
In the 1962 India-China war, the primary disputed regions lay in which State/UT?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh)
The Sino-Indian War of 1962 was fought primarily across two widely separated battlefronts: the Western Sector in Ladakh (Aksai Chin) and the Eastern Sector in the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA, now Arunachal Pradesh).
Q463
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsHistory & Etymology of J&K
Which of the following is the literal etymological meaning of the name "Kashmir"?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Land desiccated from water)
Etymologically, according to classical Sanskrit chronicles like Nilamata Purana, 'Kashmir' is derived from 'Ka' (meaning water) and 'Shimir' (meaning to desiccate or wither), literally signifying 'Land desiccated from water' (after Rishi Kashyapa drained the primeval lake Satisar).
Q464
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsJ&K Constitutional History (1952 Agreement)
The 1952 Agreement between Jammu and Kashmir and the Union of India (Delhi Agreement) was signed by:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Jawaharlal Nehru and Sheikh Abdullah)
The historic Delhi Agreement of July 1952, delineating constitutional relations and autonomy arrangements between J&K and the Indian Union, was negotiated and concluded between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Prime Minister of J&K Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah.
Q465
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsJ&K Political History
Who became the first woman Chief Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mehbooba Mufti)
Mehbooba Mufti, president of the Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), was sworn in as the first woman Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on 4 April 2016.
Q466
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsContemporary History of J&K
Which year saw the tragic mass exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Kashmir Valley?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1990)
The tragic mass exodus of Kashmiri Hindus (Pandits) from the Kashmir Valley occurred predominantly in early 1990 (culminating after 19 January 1990) due to targeted militant violence and terror.
Q467
Computer Applications, IT & e-GovernanceInternet History (Email & Ray Tomlinson)
Which of the following statements is historically correct regarding e-mail?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (The email was invented in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson)
Statement A is historically correct: Raymond Samuel Tomlinson developed the first ARPANET networked email system in 1971, also introducing the '@' symbol to separate the username from the machine host name. Choice A.
Q468
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Science & Defense History
In which year did India conduct its second series of nuclear tests at Pokhran (Operation Shakti)?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1998)
India conducted the Pokhran-II nuclear tests (five nuclear detonations under Operation Shakti) on 11 and 13 May 1998 in Rajasthan under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Q469
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
The historic Battle of Plassey took place in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1757 AD)
The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company under Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal.
Q470
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Banking History
Who among the following was the first Indian Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (CD Deshmukh)
Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh (C.D. Deshmukh) was appointed as the first Indian Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on 11 August 1943 (Sir Osborne Smith was the first British governor).
Q471
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceSports History
The Commonwealth Games (originally called the British Empire Games) started from which country in 1930?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Canada)
The inaugural Commonwealth Games were held in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in August 1930.
Q472
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceMedieval History of Kashmir
Who was the founder of the famous Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (1003–1320 CE)?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sangram Raj)
The Lohara dynasty was founded by King Sangramaraja (Sangram Raj) in 1003 CE, who was the nephew of Queen Didda of the Utpala/Lohara royal lineage.
Q473
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceDogra Dynastic History
Who was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Hari Singh)
Maharaja Hari Singh (reigned 1925–1949/1952) was the last ruling Dogra monarch of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, who signed the Instrument of Accession on 26 October 1947.
Q474
General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceConstitutional History (Article 370)
Which article of the Indian Constitution ensured the special asymmetric status of Jammu and Kashmir prior to August 2019?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Article 370)
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution conferred temporary special status on Jammu and Kashmir from 1949 until its effective abrogation on 5 August 2019.
Q475
Computer Science, Operating Systems & Digital ElectronicsOperating System History
What was the very first commercial GUI version of Microsoft Windows released in 1985?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Windows 1.01)
Microsoft released Windows 1.01 on 20 November 1985 as its very first graphical personal computer operating environment running on MS-DOS.
Q476
Computer Science, Operating Systems & Digital ElectronicsHistory of Computing
Which of the following historical calculating devices used positional bead notation on wires to represent decimal numbers?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Abacus)
The Abacus is the ancient mechanical calculating frame that utilizes sliding beads on parallel rods using positional place-value notation to represent and calculate decimal numbers.
Q477
Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringPower Electronics History
Which of the following is considered the earliest high-power based electronic device developed for high-voltage DC rectification?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mercury Arc valves)
The Mercury Arc Valve (invented by Peter Cooper Hewitt in 1902) was the first commercial high-power electronic device used for converting high-voltage alternating current into direct current for industrial motors and HVDC systems. Choice A.
Q478
Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeConservation History (UNESCO MAB 1971)
The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme was launched by UNESCO in which year?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1971)
UNESCO launched the intergovernmental scientific Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme in 1971 to establish a scientific basis for enhancing the relationship between people and their environments and establishing the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Choice A.
Q479
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyHistory of Microbiology
Who coined the term "Microbiology"?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Louis Pasteur)
The French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur coined the term 'Microbiology' in the 19th century to describe the scientific study of microscopic living organisms, alongside his pioneering work disproving spontaneous generation and establishing the germ theory of disease.
Q480
General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Medieval History
From the following rulers of Medieval Gujarat, who surrendered Diu to Portuguese?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Bahadur Shah)
Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat signed the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese governor Nuno da Cunha in 1534, surrendering Bassein and the island of Diu to the Portuguese in exchange for military assistance against the Mughal emperor Humayun.
Q481
General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
2nd Anglo-Mysore war ended with the _______?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Treaty of Mangalore)
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore in March 1784 between Tipu Sultan and Lord Macartney on behalf of the British East India Company, under the principle of status quo ante bellum.
Q482
Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsAxial Chirality History
Arrange the following systems in the chronological order of their discovery related to threo and erythro isomers with optical activity in the absence of a chiral carbon: 1) Biphenyl systems 2) Spiranes 3) Allenes
💡Correct Answer: Option B (2 < 1 < 3)
Looking at the experimental resolution of optical activity in molecules lacking stereogenic carbon centers (axial/central dissymmetry): - Spiranes: First optically active spiro compound resolved by Mills and Nodder in 1920 (2). - Biphenyls: Atropisomerism and resolution of 6,6'-dinitro-2,2'-diphenic acid by Christie and Kenner in 1922 (1). - Allenes: First experimental resolution of an optically active allene by Maitland and Mills in 1935 (3). Chronological order of experimental realization: Spiranes (1920) < Biphenyls (1922) < Allenes (1935), giving 2<1<3 (Option B).
Q483
Preventive & Curative Conservation, Museum Studies & Cultural HeritageJ&K State Archives History
Arrange the following events related to the establishment of archives in Jammu & Kashmir in the correct chronological order. 1) Establishment of the Jammu and Kashmir State Archives in Srinagar 2) Opening of the Jammu Branch of Archives 3) Jammu and Kashmir Archives Act 4) Establishment of the Jammu and Kashmir State Archives in Jammu Choose the correct sequence from the options below:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4)
In Jammu and Kashmir, systematic archival administration began during the Dogra rule: the Central State Archives was first organized in the summer capital Srinagar, followed by archival repositories in Jammu, and subsequent statutory regulation under the state archives framework. Sequence 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 corresponds to Option A.
Q484
Preventive & Curative Conservation, Museum Studies & Cultural HeritageHistory of World Museums
Which of the following is considered the first public museum in the world?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford)
The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology at the University of Oxford, England (opened in May 1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities gifted by Elias Ashmole), is universally recognized by historians and museologists as the world's first university museum and the first purpose-built public museum accessible to the general populace upon payment of an admission fee.
Q485
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPioneers of Indian Photography
Often referred to as the "Photographer to the Nizam," was an influential Indian photographer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lala Deen Dayal)
Raja Deen Dayal (Lala Deen Dayal, 1844–1905) was appointed the official court photographer to the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad, Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, in 1885. The Nizam conferred upon him the noble title of 'Musawwir Jung Raja Bahadur' (Bold Warrior of Photography) and established his famed studio in Secunderabad.
Q486
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPhotographic Institutions in India
The Federation of Indian Photography (FIP) presently has three divisions, namely:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Monochrome, Digital and Colour)
The Federation of Indian Photography (FIP), founded in 1953 as the national apex body for amateur and professional photography in India (affiliated with FIAP), categorizes photographic competition exhibitions into three standard salon divisions: Monochrome, Digital, and Colour.
Q487
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPioneers of Indian Photography
Who is known as the king of Indian Photographers?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Raja Deen Dayal)
Raja Deen Dayal is celebrated as the 'King of Indian Photographers' (and the 'Prince of Photographers'). Over his prolific career, he operated commercial studios in Indore, Secunderabad, and Bombay, photographing British royalty, viceroys, and Indian princely states with unmatched technical and aesthetic mastery.
Q488
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPioneers of Indian Photography
Lala Deen Dayal was appointed as "Photographer to Her Imperial Majesty" by Queen Victoria in
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1897)
In 1897, Queen Victoria granted Lala Deen Dayal a prestigious Royal Warrant of Appointment as 'Photographer to Her Imperial Majesty Queen Victoria', cementing his international reputation as India's premier photographer.
Q489
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersIndian Photojournalism
_________ was one of the first on the scene capturing the aftermath of the gas leak from Union Carbide's pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, 1984
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Raghu Rai)
Legendary photojournalist Raghu Rai (an associate of Henri Cartier-Bresson and Magnum Photos member) rushed to Bhopal immediately after the catastrophic toxic gas leak on the night of December 2–3, 1984. His haunting, world-renowned photographic documentation exposed the corporate negligence and human tragedy in his seminal book 'Exposure: A Corporate Crime'.
Q490
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
Who is known for popularizing the use of an air-release remote control to photograph birds in nests?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (O.C. Edwards)
In historical nature and bird photography in India, naturalists like O.C. Edwards pioneered and popularized the use of long pneumatic air-release bulb remote triggers, which allowed photographers to hide in hides or blinds and trip the camera shutter from a distance without disturbing birds at their nests.
Q491
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPictorial Photography Pioneers
For six decades, Pran Nath Mehra captured picturesque shots from his
💡Correct Answer: Option A (F-1 35mm SLR Camera)
Pran Nath Mehra (1907–1983), the revered father figure of Indian salon and pictorial photography and founder of the Camera Art Institute, captured iconic landscapes and portraits across six decades using professional 35mm SLR cameras, famously his rugged Canon F-1 system.
Q492
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersRoyal Photographers of India
_________ is popularly known as India's first 'Photographer Prince'.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Raja Sawai Ram Singh II)
Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II of Jaipur (reigned 1835–1880) was a passionate early practitioner of wet collodion photography in the 1860s. He established a state-of-the-art photographic studio (Tasveerkhana) in the City Palace of Jaipur, personally photographing royal court life and visitors, earning the title 'India's first Photographer Prince'.
Q493
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersContemporary Indian Photographers
An Indian photographer known for his striking black-and-white images that capture the essence of Indian culture and spirituality:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dayanita Singh)
Dayanita Singh is internationally acclaimed for her poetic and evocative black-and-white photography capturing classical Indian musicians (e.g. Ustad Zakir Hussain), architectural spaces, and cultural archives, presenting them in innovative portable 'book-museums'.
Q494
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersIndian Photographers & Works
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column - I: 1. Raghu Rai 2. Ram Rahman 3. Pushpamala N 4. Ketaki Sheth
Column - II: i. Mother India Project ii. Padmashree in 1972 iii. Twinspotting, a series of more than a hundred protraits of twin siblings iv. Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust (SAHMAT) in New Delhi in 1989
Choose the Correct Option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 - ii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - iii)
Matching: - 1. Raghu Rai: awarded the Padma Shri in 1972 for his historic photojournalism during the Bangladesh Liberation War −> ii. - 2. Ram Rahman: co-founder of the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust (SAHMAT) in 1989 −> iv. - 3. Pushpamala N: conceptual photo-performance artist who created the iconic 'Mother India Project' −> i. - 4. Ketaki Sheth: acclaimed photographer known for 'Twinspotting', documenting twin siblings in the Patel community −> iii. Matches: 1 - ii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - iii (Option A).
Q495
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPortrait Photographers of India
_________ was one of India's best known celebrity portraitists.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Gautam Rajadhyaksha)
Gautam Rajadhyaksha (1950–2011) was universally recognized as India's foremost celebrity portrait photographer. His glamorous, soft-focus, lighting-rich portraits defined Bollywood imagery for four decades, immortalized in his coffee-table book 'Faces'.
Q496
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
T.N.A. Perumal was a famous:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Wildlife photographer)
Thanjavur Nateshachary Ayyamperumal (T.N.A. Perumal, 1932–2017) was one of India's most celebrated wildlife photographers and naturalists. Based in Karnataka, he spent over five decades documenting South Indian wildlife in black-and-white, receiving the National Award and Master of FIAP.
Q497
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPioneers of Indian Photography
Published in 1899, 'A short Account of My Photographic career' is the autobiography of:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Lala Deen Dayal)
In 1899, Lala Deen Dayal penned and published his autobiographical account titled 'A Short Account of My Photographic Career', outlining his engineering background, surveying work, and rise to become court photographer to the Nizam and Queen Victoria.
Q498
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersIndian Photojournalism
Who is the Father of Indian photojournalism?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (T S Satyan)
T. S. Satyan (Tambarahalli Subramanya Satyan, 1923–2009) is universally revered as the 'Father of Indian Photojournalism'. He pioneered compassionate, human-interest feature photo-essays for 'The Illustrated Weekly of India', 'Life', and UNICEF over five decades.
Q499
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersGenres of Photography & Pioneers
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column- I: 1. Atul Kasbekar 2. Mitter Bedi 3. O. P. Sharma 4. O.C Edwards
Column - II: i. Modern experimental photography ii. Nature Photography iii. Industrial Photographer iv. Fashion Photographer
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1 - iv, 2 - iii, 3 - i, 4 - ii)
Matching: - 1. Atul Kasbekar: famous fashion and advertising photographer, renowned for the Kingfisher Calendar −> iv. - 2. Mitter Bedi: legendary pioneer of industrial photography in post-independence India −> iii. - 3. O. P. Sharma: acclaimed master of pictorial and modern experimental photography (solarization and tone line processes) −> i. - 4. O.C. Edwards: pioneer of nature and bird photography in India −> ii. Correct matching: 1 - iv, 2 - iii, 3 - i, 4 - ii (Option C).
Q500
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersAlternative Photographic Processes
_________ is a photographic image made without a camera, generally by contact printing object placed directly on the photographic paper.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Photogram)
A photogram is a cameraless photographic image produced by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material (such as photographic paper or film emulsion) and exposing it to an overhead light source, creating silhouettes and translucent shadow gradations (famously produced by Man Ray as 'rayographs').
Q501
Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleElectronic Imaging History
Which tubes are used for perfect color and sharp images in digitally controlled cameras?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Pick-up)
In professional video and television studio camera history, camera 'pick-up tubes' (such as Plumbicon, Saticon, and Vidicon tubes) were the vacuum tube imaging devices used to transduce optical images into high-resolution color television signals before solid-state CCD arrays were perfected.
Q502
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersHistory of Photography & Applications
Match the following: Column - I 1. Product Photography 2. E-commerce businesses 3. Heliography 4. Camera obscura
Column - II i) Commercial product photography ii) Oldest type of photography iii) Dark chamber iv) White background product photography
Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1-iv, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iii)
Matching: - 1. Product Photography: commercial and catalog advertising −> iv / i. - 2. E-commerce businesses: relies primarily on commercial/product photography −> i. - 3. Heliography: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce's 1826 bitumen process, the oldest permanent photographic process −> ii. - 4. Camera obscura: Latin for 'dark chamber', the optical precursor to the photographic camera −> iii. Matches: 1-iv, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iii (Option B).
Q503
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersToning & Photographic Preservation
What is sepia tone used for?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
All of the above are valid historical and aesthetic uses of sepia toning: - In 19th-century darkroom printing, sepia toning converted metallic image silver into silver sulfide, which made prints highly resistant to environmental sulfur pollutants (preserving physical photographs). - Aesthetically, it adds warm reddish-brown hues (adding warmer colors). - In digital editing, it is applied to evoke antique nostalgia (recreating old photos).
Q504
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPhotographic Philosophy & Aesthetics
What is the ability to encapsulate the essence of a story or event in a single image referred to as?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Decisive moment)
Pioneered by Henri Cartier-Bresson, the 'Decisive Moment' ('images à la sauvette') is the photographic concept where visual and emotional elements spontaneously align in a fraction of a second, allowing the photographer to capture the complete essence of an event in a single frame.
Q505
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersVisual Narrative & Photojournalism
What term refers to capturing the emotional essence of a story or event through images?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Photographic storytelling)
Photographic storytelling (narrative visual storytelling) is the deliberate art of conveying a compelling narrative, emotional resonance, and meaning through a single powerful photograph or a cohesive series of images.
Q506
History of Photography & Indian PhotographersMasterpieces of Photojournalism
Who photographed the famous picture 'The Afghan Girl'?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Steve McCurry)
Magnum photographer Steve McCurry photographed the iconic portrait of Sharbat Gula (the 'Afghan Girl' with piercing green eyes) in December 1984 at the Nasir Bagh refugee camp in Pakistan, which became the celebrated June 1985 cover of National Geographic.
Q507
Satellite Communications & Space SystemsHistory of Space Research in India
In which Indian city was the first experimental satellite telecommunication earth station established in 1967, playing a key role in early space research and projects like SITE?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ahmedabad)
In 1967, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai established the Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) at Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It trained engineers from India and developing nations and served as the primary transmission hub for the landmark Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) in 1975–76.
Q508
Museology, Museum Studies & Exhibition PracticesHistory of Exhibition Practices
Arrange the following key developments in exhibition practices in chronological order (from earliest to most recent): 1. The first World's Fair (The Great Exhibition) in London, 1851 2. Introduction of thematic exhibitions focused on art movements 3. The establishment of modern art museums and their role in curating exhibitions 4. The rise of digital exhibitions and virtual displays Options:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1, 2, 3, 4)
Chronological progression of exhibition design: (1) The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in London (Crystal Palace, 1851); (2) Emergence of thematic exhibitions around art movements (Impressionist salons and secessionist movements in the late 19th/early 20th century); (3) Establishment of dedicated modern art museums (e.g., MoMA New York, 1929); (4) The advent of digital interactive displays, virtual reality galleries, and online exhibitions (late 20th and 21st century). Sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4.
Q509
Preventive Conservation, Heritage Material Science & Conservation ChemistryTaxidermy & Natural History Specimen Conservation
Which of the following practices is most effective for the preventive conservation of stuffed birds and animals in natural history collections? A) Regular exposure to direct sunlight to prevent fungal growth B) Maintaining low humidity (below 50%) and controlled temperature C) Periodic application of chemical pesticides directly on specimens D) Frequent handling and repositioning of specimens to ensure stability
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Maintaining low humidity (below 50%) and controlled temperature)
Taxidermy and zoological specimens consist of vulnerable proteinaceous keratin (feathers, hair, claws) and collagen (skins). The most effective preventive measure is maintaining low, stable relative humidity (below 50%) and a cool controlled temperature (18-20°C). This suppresses mold, stabilizes organic skin fats, and discourages dermestid beetles. Sunlight causes severe photochemical bleaching, chemical sprays leave toxic crystalline deposits, and frequent handling fractures brittle specimens.
Q510
Jammu & Kashmir Heritage, Archaeology & Archival ScienceJ&K State Archives History
The Archives Department in Jammu & Kashmir was officially established during the reign of which ruler, and in which year? A) Maharaja Ranbir Singh, 1889 B) Maharaja Pratap Singh, 1896 C) Maharaja Hari Singh, 1925 D) Sheikh Abdullah, 1948
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Maharaja Pratap Singh, 1896)
The Directorate of State Archives, Archaeology, and Museums of Jammu and Kashmir traces its official institutional establishment to 1896 during the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh (who ruled from 1885 to 1925), when the state archives repository was organized to preserve historical Persian and Dogra state administrative records.
Q511
Jammu & Kashmir Heritage, Archaeology & Archival ScienceSPS Museum Srinagar History
The Sri Pratap Singh (SPS) Museum in Srinagar was established in which year, and what was its primary objective? A) 1898, to preserve ancient manuscripts and rare artifacts under the reign of Maharaja Ranbir Singh. B) 1895, to exhibit Kashmiri cultural heritage under the patronage of Maharaja Hari Singh. C) 1898, to collect, preserve, and display historical artifacts under the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh. D) 1901, to store royal collections and manuscripts under Sheikh Abdullah's leadership.
💡Correct Answer: Option C (1898, to collect, preserve, and display historical artifacts under the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh.)
The Sri Pratap Singh (SPS) Museum in Lal Mandi, Srinagar, was established in 1898 during the reign of Maharaja Pratap Singh. Initiated following a proposal by Captain S.H. Godfrey and Raja Amar Singh, its objective was to collect, preserve, and display archaeological antiquities, numismatics, manuscripts, and cultural artifacts of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.
Q512
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsDogra Rule & History of J&K
Who was the first Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Maharaja Gulab Singh)
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the founder and the first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, established following the Treaty of Amritsar in March 1846.
Q513
General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsKargil War & J&K Military History
On which date did the Kargil War officially end with India recapturing its territories from Pakistani forces?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (July 26, 1999)
The Kargil War officially concluded on July 26, 1999, following the complete eviction of Pakistani infiltrators and the success of Operation Vijay. This day is observed annually across the nation as Kargil Vijay Diwas.
Q514
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyOrigins of Khat-e-Nastaliq
"خط نستعلیق" کو کس نے اختراع کیا ہے؟ (Who invented / originated the "Nastaliq" script?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (میر علی تبریزی (Mir Ali Tabrizi))
Mir Ali Tabrizi (circa late 14th century, Timurid era) is universally recognized in Islamic calligraphy history as the originator and systematizer of 'Khat-e-Nastaliq'. He ingeniously combined the rounded characteristics of 'Naskh' and the hanging/cursive elegance of 'Ta'liq' (Naskh + Ta'liq -> Nastaliq).
Q515
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKashmiri Master Calligraphers
ریاست جموں و کشمیر سے تعلق رکھنے والے خط نسخ و نستعلیق کے ماہرین کی نشاندہی کریں۔ (Identify the masters of Khat-e-Naskh and Nastaliq belonging to the state of Jammu and Kashmir:)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (محمد منور کشمیری، آغا غلام رسول (Muhammad Manzoor Kashmiri, Agha Ghulam Rasool))
Muhammad Manzoor Kashmiri and Agha Ghulam Rasool are celebrated historic Kashmiri master calligraphers who achieved exceptional renown in classical Naskh and Nastaliq scripts, transcribing monumental manuscripts and state documents.
Q516
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyOrigins of Khat-e-Thuluth
خط "ثلث" کس معروف خطاط سے منسوب ہیں؟ (Khat-e-Thuluth is attributed to which famous calligrapher?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ابراہیم شجری (Ibrahim Shajari))
Khat-e-Thuluth (the monumental cursive script) was originated and codified in the early Abbasid era by master calligrapher Ibrahim al-Shajari (ابراہیم شجری), who derived it by reducing the monumental 'Khatt-e-Jaleel' by one-third (hence the name Thuluth, meaning one-third).
Q517
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyOrigins of Khat-e-Shikasta
خط "شکستہ" کو کس نے ایجاد کیا؟ (Who invented / developed "Khat-e-Shikasta"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (ایران کے منشیوں نے (Munshis/Scribes of Iran))
Khat-e-Shikasta (the rapid broken/cursive script) was developed in Safavid Iran during the 17th century by court scribes and munshis (such as Murtaza Qoli Khan Shamloo and Shafia) to facilitate speedy bureaucratic and diplomatic record-keeping.
Q518
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyTypes of Khat-e-Shikasta
خط "شکستہ" کی دو قسمیں کون سی ہیں؟ (Which are the two primary varieties of Khat-e-Shikasta?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (سادہ اور پیچیدہ (Simple and Complex))
Khat-e-Shikasta is broadly divided into two stylistic variants: Shikasta-e-Saadah (simple, legible script used for correspondence) and Shikasta-e-Peechida (intricate, highly interwoven, and compressed script used for official decrees and artistic pieces).
Q519
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphySayings on Calligraphy
"خط حکمت کا دھاگہ ہے جس میں ناصفہ موتی پروئے جاتے ہیں"، کس کا قول ہے؟ ("Calligraphy is the thread of wisdom in which radiant pearls are strung" - whose famous saying is this?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (جعفر بر مکی (Ja'far Barmaki))
This poetic saying on calligraphy ('الخط سلك الحكمة...') is attributed to Ja'far bin Yahya Barmaki (جعفر برمکی), the famous vizier of Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid, who was a great patron and connoisseur of calligraphy.
Q520
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyMasters of Khat-e-Shikasta
درج ذی دئے گئے "خط شکستہ" کے ماہر جوڑے کی نشاندہی کیجئے؟ (Identify the expert master pair of Khat-e-Shikasta from the following:)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (چندربھان برہمن اور رائے پریم ناتھ (Chander Bhan Brahman and Rai Prem Nath))
Chander Bhan Brahman (the distinguished Mughal court munshi of Emperor Shah Jahan) and Rai Prem Nath form the celebrated historic pair of Indian masters renowned for their mastery of Persian Khat-e-Shikasta.
Q521
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphic Literature
"تنویر الشمس" خوشنویسی سے متعلق اہم کتاب کو کس نے تصنیف کیا ہے؟ (Who authored the important treatise on calligraphy titled "Tanweer-ul-Shams"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (مولانا خلیق ٹونکی (Maulana Khaleeq Tonki))
"Tanweer-ul-Shams" (تنویر الشمس فی اصول الخط) is the celebrated classical Urdu textbook on calligraphy rules and letter proportions authored by Maulana Khaleeq Ahmad Tonki (مولانا خلیق ٹونکی).
Q522
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyJ&K Cultural Academy Publications
کلچرل اکیڈیمی سری نگر نے خوشنویسی کی کون سی کتاب کو اجراء کیا گیا؟ (Which calligraphy book was published and released by the J&K Cultural Academy Srinagar?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (مرقع فیض مجدد (Muraqqa-e-Faiz Mujaddad))
The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages (Cultural Academy Srinagar) published the prestigious calligraphy master album titled 'Muraqqa-e-Faiz Mujaddad' (مرقع فیض مجدد) to preserve and propagate Kashmiri calligraphic heritage.
Q523
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCodification of Khat-e-Naskh
خط "نسخ" کو واضح اصولوں کے ساتھ کس نے پیش کیا؟ (Who formulated and presented Khat-e-Naskh with explicit geometric rules?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (وزیر ابن مقلہ (Wazir Ibn Muqla))
Abbasid Vizier Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muqla (وزیر ابن مقلہ, 886-940 AD) formulated the precise geometric system of proportions (al-Khatt al-Mansub) for Khat-e-Naskh using the rhomboid dot (Qat), Alif circle, and standardized baseline.
Q524
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphic Literature
"تاریخ خط و خطاطین" کے مصنف کون ہے؟ (Who is the author of "Tareekh-e-Khatt-o-Khattateen"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (پروفیسر سید محمد سلیم (Prof. Syed Muhammad Saleem))
"Tareekh-e-Khatt-o-Khattateen" (تاریخ خط و خطاطین) is the seminal comprehensive historical research work on the global and regional development of Islamic calligraphy authored by Professor Syed Muhammad Saleem.
Q525
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyFive Prerequisites of Calligraphy
میر علی کاتب نے ماہر خطاط بننے کے لیے کتنے شرائط بیان کئے ہیں۔ (How many conditions/prerequisites did Mir Ali Katib prescribe for becoming an expert calligrapher?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (پانچ (Five))
In his celebrated didactic poem, master calligrapher Mir Ali Katib stated exactly 5 prerequisites: hand dexterity (Quwwat-e-Dast), script knowledge (Wuqoof-e-Khatt), a benevolent master (Ustad-e-Shafeeq), capacity for hard toil (Taqat-e-Mehnat), and exquisite writing tools (Asbab-e-Kitabat).
Q526
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyHistorical Centers of Calligraphy
فنِ کتابت و خطاطی میں کن اسلامی ممالک نے اہم کارنامے انجام دیئے ہیں ۔ (Which Islamic regions/countries achieved monumental historic contributions in the art of calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (مصر ، ایران ، حجاز (Egypt, Iran, Hijaz))
Egypt (Cairo under Fatimids and Mamluks), Iran (cradle of Ta'liq and Nastaliq), and Hijaz (the holy sanctuaries of Mecca and Medina where revelation was inscribed) represent the classical trinity of Islamic calligraphy centers.
Q527
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphic Literature
مولوی احترام الدین احمد شاغل عثمانی نے خوشنویسی پر کون سی کتاب لکھی ہے؟ (Which book on calligraphy was authored by Maulvi Ihtiram-ud-Din Ahmad Shaghal Usmani?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (صحیفۂ خوشنویساں (Saheefa-e-Khushnaveesan))
"Saheefa-e-Khushnaveesan" (صحیفۂ خوشنویساں) is the famous biographical and technical compendium on master calligraphers compiled by Maulvi Ihtiram-ud-Din Ahmad Shaghal Usmani.
Q528
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyEvolution of Muhaqqaq and Reehan
اصول وقواعد میں خط ریحان اور خط محقق میں کوئی خاص فرق نہیں ہے ان میں سے کون سا خط پہلے وجود میں آیا ؟ (In principles and rules there is no major difference between Khat-e-Reehan and Khat-e-Muhaqqaq; which of these two scripts came into existence first?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (خط محقق پہلے اور خط ریحان بعد میں (Muhaqqaq first and Reehan later))
Khat-e-Muhaqqaq was one of the foundational grand scripts of the Six Pens (al-Aqlam al-Sittah). Khat-e-Reehan was subsequently derived from Muhaqqaq as its delicate, smaller, fine-nibbed counterpart (in the same way that Naskh pairs with Thuluth). Thus, Muhaqqaq came first.
Q529
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKhat-e-Tauqi Characteristics
طرز نگارش کے اعتبار سے "خط توقیع" کس خط سے مشابہت رکھتا ہے؟ (In terms of writing style, with which script does "Khat-e-Tauqi" bear the closest resemblance?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (خط ثلث (Khat-e-Thuluth))
Khat-e-Tauqi (used historically by caliphs and viziers for royal signatures and decrees) is directly derived from Khat-e-Thuluth and shares its bold curves and majestic structure in a slightly condensed format.
Q530
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKhat-e-Riqa Etymology
"خط رقاع" رقعہ کی جمع ہے اس سے کیا مراد ہے؟ ("Khat-e-Riqa" is the plural of Ruq'ah; what does Ruq'ah mean?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (کاغذ کا ایک چھوٹا پرزہ (A small piece / scrap of paper))
'Ruq'ah' (رقعہ, plural Riqa) literally signifies a small slip, note, or piece of paper/parchment. Khat-e-Riqa was formulated specifically for rapid everyday correspondence on small scraps of paper.
Q531
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyPreeminence of Khat-e-Naskh
خوشنویسی میں عربی رسم الخط کا کون سا خط مشہور ترین ہے؟ (In calligraphy, which Arabic script is universally the most famous and widespread?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (خط نسخ (Khat-e-Naskh))
Khat-e-Naskh (خط نسخ) is universally the most famous, standard, and widely used script for Arabic writing, book publication, and the printing of the Holy Quran across the Islamic world.
Q532
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyInventor of Nastaliq
خط نستعلیق کا "ما بعد موجد" کس سے کہا جاتا ہے؟ (Who is acknowledged as the historic systematizer / master inventor of Khat-e-Nastaliq?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (میر علی تبریزی (Mir Ali Tabrizi))
Khwaja Mir Ali Tabrizi (میر علی تبریزی) is celebrated as the historic inventor and codifier of Khat-e-Nastaliq.
Q533
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyIbn Muqla's Domain
مولانا محمد حسین ابن مقلہ کس فن میں ید طولیٰ رکھتے تھے۔ (In which art did Ibn Muqla possess supreme and unrivaled mastery?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (فنِ خطاطی (Art of Calligraphy))
Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muqla was the legendary Abbasid vizier who revolutionized the art of Calligraphy (فنِ خطاطی) by establishing the geometric system of al-Khatt al-Mansub.
Q534
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyOrigins of Khat-e-Ghubar
"خط غبار" کس خط سے ماخوذ ہے؟ (From which script is "Khat-e-Ghubar" derived?)
💡Correct Answer: Option D (خط رقاع (Khat-e-Riqa))
Khat-e-Ghubar (the microscopic 'dust' script used for flying carrier pigeon messages) was derived from Khat-e-Riqa (and Tauqi), maintaining its compact rounded letters in miniature size.
Q535
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyPoetry on Calligraphy
درج ذیل شعر خط شکستہ پر کس مشہور فارسی شاعر کا ہے۔ "مرا بہ تجربہ کاراں نصیحتے یاد است / کہ توبہ نامہ بہ خطِ شکستہ می باید" (The famous Persian couplet on Khat-e-Shikasta belongs to which poet?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (مرزا محمد علی صائب (Mirza Muhammad Ali Sa'ib))
This famous Persian couplet praising the subtle nuance of Khat-e-Shikasta is by the great Persian poet Mirza Muhammad Ali Sa'ib Tabrizi (صائب تبریزی).
Q536
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyWorld Masters of Calligraphy
خطاطی کے عالمی شہرت یافتہ فن کاروں کے صحیح زمرے کی نشاندہی کیجئے؟ (Identify the correct group of universally renowned world masters of calligraphy:)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ابن البواب ، حافظ عثمان ، ابن مقلہ (Ibn al-Bawwab, Hafiz Usman, Ibn Muqla))
Ibn al-Bawwab (Abbasid master), Hafiz Usman (the legendary Ottoman master), and Ibn Muqla (codifier of al-Khatt al-Mansub) form the iconic, universally celebrated trio of master calligraphers in world history.
Q537
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphic Literature
"رہنمائے اردو خوشنویسی" فن خوشنویسی و خطاطی پر کس کی لکھی کتاب ہے؟ (Who is the author of the instructional book "Rahnama-e-Urdu Khushnaveesi"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (مولانا عاصم امروہوی (Maulana Asim Amrohvi))
"Rahnama-e-Urdu Khushnaveesi" is the renowned instructional guide on calligraphy techniques authored by Maulana Asim Amrohvi (مولانا عاصم امروہوی).
Q538
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyTaleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi Jammu
جموں و کشمیر میں فنِ خوشنویسی کا اہم ادارہ "تعلیم گاہِ خوشنویسی" کہاں پر واقع ہے۔ (Where in Jammu and Kashmir is the prominent calligraphy institute "Taleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi" situated?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (کھٹی تالاؤ جموں (Khatti Talao Jammu))
The historic state calligraphy training institute 'Taleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi' was established at Khatti Talao (Khatikan Talab), Jammu.
Q539
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyFounding of Taleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi
"تعلیم گاہِ خوشنویسی" کی بنیاد کب اور کس نے رکھی؟ (When and by whom was the foundation of "Taleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi" laid?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1974ء شیخ محمد عبداللہ (1974, Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah))
Taleemgah-e-Khushnaveesi Jammu was founded in 1974 by Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah to preserve and nurture the heritage of traditional Urdu calligraphy.
Q540
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyContemporary Calligraphers
موجودہ دور کا مشہور خوشنویس کون ہے؟ (Who is the internationally acclaimed master calligrapher of the modern era?)
💡Correct Answer: Option D (محمد زکریا (Mohamed Zakariya))
Mohamed Zakariya (محمد زکریا) is an internationally celebrated contemporary master calligrapher, the first Western-born artist to receive classical icaza certificates in Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq from the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) in Istanbul.
Q541
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphySpiritual Origins of Calligraphy
فن خطاطی و خوشنویسی کا آغاز کس کتاب سے ہوا ہے؟ (With the transcription and ornamentation of which sacred book did the art of Islamic calligraphy originate?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (قرآن (Quran))
Islamic calligraphy originated, flourished, and attained its sacred summit through the pious transcription, copying, and embellishment of the Holy Quran (قرآن مجید).
Q542
Urdu DTP, InPage, Digital Graphic Design & HardwareCorelDRAW History
کورل ڈرا سافٹ ویئر کب ایجاد ہوا ہے؟ (When was CorelDRAW software originally developed / introduced?)
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1987ء)
Corel Corporation began the active development of CorelDRAW in 1987 (conceived by Corel engineers Michel Bouillon and Pat Beirne), leading to its groundbreaking release.
Q543
Urdu DTP, InPage, Digital Graphic Design & HardwareScanner History
ڈیجیٹل سکینر سے ہمیں سب سے پہلے کس نے اور کب متعارف کرایا۔ (Who introduced the first digital image scanner and when?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (رسل کی سچی / رسل کرش 1957 (Russell Kirsch 1957))
Russell Kirsch and his team at the US National Bureau of Standards developed the world's first digital image scanner in 1957, creating the first scanned digital image (a photograph of his son Walden).
Q544
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKashmiri Calligraphy Treatises
"خوشنویسانِ کشمیر" کے مصنف کون ہیں؟ (Who is the author of the historical work "Khushnaveesan-e-Kashmir"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (مولانا احمد دین شاغل (Maulana Ahmad Din Shaghal))
"Khushnaveesan-e-Kashmir" (خوشنویسانِ کشمیر) is the monumental historical treatise on the calligraphic heritage and scribes of Kashmir authored by Maulana Ahmad Din Shaghal.
Q545
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphy Historical Statements
درج ذیل دیئے گئے جوڑوں پر غور کر کے درست جواب کا انتخاب کریں۔ 1. مولانا محمد حسین ابن مقلہ بغداد میں پیدا ہوئے ہیں 2. میر علی تبریزی کا انتقال 850ھ میں ہوا 3. شبیر احمد رضوی ایک کشمیری گلوکار تھے 4. شفیق الزماں خان ملتانی پاکستان کے سابق کھلاڑی ہیں Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (ایک اور دو درست ہیں (1 and 2 are correct))
Statements 1 and 2 are historically true (Ibn Muqla was born in Baghdad in 886 AD; Mir Ali Tabrizi passed away around 850 AH). Statements 3 and 4 are completely false: Shabir Ahmad Rizvi was a master Kashmiri calligrapher (not a singer), and Shafiq-uz-Zaman Khan Multani is the world-renowned Master Calligrapher of Masjid al-Nabawi (not a sportsperson).
Q546
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKashmiri Calligraphers
خط نستعلیق، خط کوفی، خط ثلث وغیرہ میں کارہائے نمایاں انجام دینے والے کشمیری خطاط کی نشاندہی کریں؟ (Identify the Kashmiri calligraphers who performed outstanding feats in Nastaliq, Kufi, Thuluth, etc.:)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (شبیر احمد رضوی، محمد عباس شوپیانی (Shabir Ahmad Rizvi, Muhammad Abbas Shopyani))
Shabir Ahmad Rizvi and Muhammad Abbas Shopyani are celebrated Kashmiri master calligraphers who made monumental contributions across Nastaliq, Kufi, and Thuluth in Jammu & Kashmir.
Q547
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyInstitutions of Calligraphy in J&K
جموں و کشمیر کے کس ادارے نے فن خوشنویسی کے فروغ میں اہم رول ادا کیا؟ (Which institution in Jammu and Kashmir played the pivotal role in promoting the art of calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option D (کلچرل اکیڈیمی سری نگر (J&K Cultural Academy Srinagar))
The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages (J&K Cultural Academy Srinagar) established institutional calligraphy training institutes, published master albums, and provided patronage to master calligraphers.
Q548
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyRules of Nastaliq
خط نستعلیق کے قواعد وضوابط کو کس نے مقرر کیا؟ (Who formulated the standardized geometric rules and proportions of Khat-e-Nastaliq?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (میر علی تبریزی (Mir Ali Tabrizi))
Khwaja Mir Ali Tabrizi (میر علی تبریزی) set down the canonical rules, proportions, and qat measurements that defined Khat-e-Nastaliq as a distinct classical script.
Q549
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyMir Ali Tabrizi Biography
میر علی تبریزی کا اصل نام کیا ہے؟ (What is the original / full name of Mir Ali Tabrizi?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (علی بن حسن تبریزی (Ali bin Hasan Tabrizi))
Mir Ali Tabrizi's full given historical name was Ali bin Hasan Tabrizi (علی بن حسن تبریزی), with Mir Ali being his renowned title and moniker.
Q550
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCalligraphic Historical Verification
درج ذیل سوال کو غور سے پڑھنے کے بعد درست جواب کی نشاندہی کیجئے؟ 1. فن خطاطی کے بنیاد گزار میر علی تبریزی ہیں 2. خط نستعلیق کے مابعد موجد محمد حسین ابن مقلہ ہیں 3. شبیر احمد رضوی ملتان کے رہنے والے ہیں 4. مولانا خلیق ٹونکی خطاطی کی دو درجن کتابوں کے خالق ہیں Choose the correct statement:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (ان میں سے کوئی درست نہیں (None of these is correct))
All four statements are historically incorrect: 1 is false (Mir Ali founded Nastaliq, not all calligraphy); 2 is false (Ibn Muqla lived centuries before Nastaliq); 3 is false (Shabir Ahmad Rizvi was from Kashmir, not Multan); 4 is false. Thus, none of them is correct.
Q551
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyScripts of World Religions
"وید" ہندوؤں کی مقدس کتاب ہے اسے کس خط میں لکھا گیا ہے؟ (The "Vedas" are the sacred scriptures of Hinduism; in which script are they written?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (دیوناگری خط (Devanagari script))
The Vedas are composed in Sanskrit and traditionally preserved and written in the Devanagari script (دیوناگری خط).
Q552
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyScripts of World Religions
"تورات" اور "زبور" کو کس خط میں لکھا گیا ہے؟ (In which script were the "Torah" and "Zabur" originally written?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (عبرانی خط (Hebrew script))
The Torah (revealed to Prophet Moses) and Zabur (Psalms revealed to Prophet David) were originally revealed and inscribed in the Hebrew script (عبرانی خط).
Q553
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKatib-e-Quran / Naasikh
"قرآن مجید" کے کاتبوں کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟ (What are the scribes who transcribe the Holy Quran called?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ناسخ (Naasikh / Scribe))
Those who transcribe and copy the Holy Quran are called 'Naasikh' (ناسخ, scribes/copyists), from which the name of the script Khat-e-Naskh originates.
Q554
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyPoetry on Calligraphy
فن خطاطی کے اصول و شرائط کے حوالے سے نیچے دیا گیا مشہور شعر کس کا ہے؟ "قوتِ دست و وقوفِ خط و استادِ شفیق / طاقتِ محنت و اسبابِ کتابت بکمال" (To which master calligrapher does the famous couplet on the five prerequisites of calligraphy belong?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (میر علی کاتب (Mir Ali Katib))
This famous Persian couplet outlining the five essentials of calligraphy is the celebrated creation of Mir Ali Katib (میر علی کاتب / Mir Ali Heravi).
Q555
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphySocial Context of Calligraphy
فن خطاطی و خوشنویسی میں ہمیں کس معاشرے کے قدردان زیادہ ملتے ہیں؟ (In which society do we find the greatest patrons and appreciators of calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (مسلمان معاشرہ (Muslim society))
Because Islam avoids figurative iconography in sacred contexts, Muslim society elevated Calligraphy to the supreme rank of religious devotion, monumental architecture, and visual aesthetics.
Q556
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKashmiri Calligraphers at Rampur
کشمیر کے دو مشہور خطاط کون ہیں، جنھوں نے رامپوری کتب خانے میں ملازمت کی ہیں؟ (Who are the two famous Kashmiri calligraphers who served in the Rampur State Library?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (آغا غلام رسول کشمیری اور آغا محمد حسن کشمیری (Agha Ghulam Rasool Kashmiri and Agha Muhammad Hasan Kashmiri))
Agha Ghulam Rasool Kashmiri and Agha Muhammad Hasan Kashmiri were celebrated master calligraphers from Kashmir who were formally employed as royal scribes and chief calligraphers at the legendary Rampur Raza Library.
Q557
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyIslamic Heritage and Calligraphy
خوشنویسی کن کا امتیازی فن ہے؟ (Whose distinctive and hallmark cultural art is calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (مسلمانوں کا (Muslims))
Calligraphy is universally acknowledged by art historians as the preeminent hallmark, distinctive identity, and aesthetic pride of Muslims (مسلمانوں کا امتیازی فن).
Q558
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyChief Calligrapher of Masjid Nabawi
درج ذیل خطاط میں سے کس کو مسجد نبویؐ میں خطاطی کے لیے منتخب کیا گیا؟ (From the following calligraphers, who was selected to execute the calligraphy in the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid al-Nabawi)?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (شفیق الزماں خان ملتانی (Shafiq-uz-Zaman Khan Multani))
Ustad Shafiq-uz-Zaman Khan Multani (شفیق الزماں خان ملتانی) won the prestigious global competition and served as the Chief Calligrapher of the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid al-Nabawi) in Medina.
Q559
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyInternational Calligraphy Reference
"The Calligrapher's Bible" کے مصنف کون ہے؟ (Who is the author of the internationally famous reference work "The Calligrapher's Bible"?)
"The Calligrapher's Bible: 100 Complete Alphabets and How to Draw Them" is authored by David Harris (ڈیوڈ ہیرس / ڈیوڈ حارث).
Q560
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyFoundational Status of Calligraphy
اسلامی فنون لطیفہ میں کون سا فن بنیادی حیثیت کا حامل ہے؟ (In Islamic fine arts, which art form occupies the foundational and supreme status?)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (فن خطاطی (Art of Calligraphy))
In the hierarchy of Islamic aesthetics and fine arts, Calligraphy (فن خطاطی) holds the supreme, foundational status as the queen of Islamic visual arts.
Q561
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyIbn Qutayba's Adab al-Katib
درج ذیل میں سے فن خطاطی پر "ابن قتیبہ" کی تصنیف کون سی ہے؟ (Which of the following classical works was authored by Ibn Qutayba?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (ادب الکاتب (Adab al-Katib))
"Adab al-Katib" (ادب الکاتب) is the classical 9th-century masterpiece on the training, grammar, orthography, and etiquette of scribes authored by Ibn Qutayba (ابن قتیبہ, d. 889 AD).
Q562
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyMuseums of Calligraphy
دنیا میں خطاطی کا میوزیم کہاں پر واقع ہے؟ (Where in the world is the dedicated Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy located?)
💡Correct Answer: Option D (روس (Russia))
The famous dedicated Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy (معاصر میوزیم برائے خطاطی), celebrating world calligraphic masterpieces, was established in Moscow, Russia (روس).
Q563
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyCurrent Affairs - Calligraphy Workshops
ماہِ فروری 2025 میں خطاطی پر ہندوستان کی کس یونیورسٹی نے پانچ روزہ قومی ورکشاپ منعقد کیا ؟ (In February 2025, which Indian university organized a 5-day national workshop on Calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (یونیورسٹی آف کشمیر (University of Kashmir))
In February 2025, the University of Kashmir (یونیورسٹی آف کشمیر, Srinagar) organized a prestigious 5-day National Workshop on Urdu Calligraphy to revitalize the art of traditional katabat.
Q564
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyKashmiri Calligraphy Authors
مصنف اور کتاب پر غور کر کے صحیح جوڑ کی نشاندہی کیجئے؟ (Examine the author and book and identify the correct match:)
💡Correct Answer: Option B (مولانا احمد دین شاغل : شرین قلم (Maulana Ahmad Din Shaghal : Shireen Qalam))
Maulana Ahmad Din Shaghal is the celebrated author of 'Shireen Qalam' (شرین قلم), an authoritative handbook on calligraphy in Kashmir.
Q565
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyPhilosophy of Islamic Art
ذیل میں ایک دعویٰ اور دلیل دی گئی ہے انھیں پڑھ کر درست جواب درج کریں۔ دعویٰ: فن خطاطی اسلامی فنون لطیفہ میں بنیادی اور ریڑھ کی ہڈی جیسی حیثیت رکھتی ہے۔ دلیل: اسلام میں فن خطاطی کے علاوہ کسی دوسرے فنونِ لطیفہ کو اپنانے کی اجازت نہیں ہے۔ Choose the correct statement:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (دعویٰ صحیح مگر دلیل غلط (Claim is true, but Reason is false))
Assertion is TRUE: Calligraphy holds a foundational, supreme status in Islamic arts. Reason is FALSE: Islam does NOT prohibit other fine arts; architecture, geometric patterns (arabesque), decorative woodwork, illumination (tazheeb), and bookbinding are all celebrated Islamic arts.
Q566
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyFather of Modern Calligraphy
جدید خطاطی کے "بابائے خطاطی" کس سے کہا جاتا ہے؟ (Who is globally acclaimed as the "Father of Modern Calligraphy"?)
💡Correct Answer: Option A (ایڈورڈ جانسٹن (Edward Johnston))
Edward Johnston (1872-1944) is celebrated worldwide as the 'Father of Modern Calligraphy'. He revived the broad-edged pen craft in the 20th century and authored the foundational textbook 'Writing & Illuminating, & Lettering'.
Q567
History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyAncient Specimens of Calligraphy
خطاطی کے قدیم نمونے ہمیں کہاں سے ملتے ہیں؟ (From which ancient civilization do we find the earliest specimens of calligraphy?)
💡Correct Answer: Option C (چین (China))
In world cultural history, the earliest recorded specimens of formal artistic calligraphy (dating back over 3,000 years to Shang Dynasty oracle bone and bronze scripts) originate from China (چین).
Q568
Journalism, Digital Media, PR & AdvertisingHistory of Indian Advertising
Consider the following statements about the evolution of advertising in India: i. James Augustus Hickey started the first newspaper in India, which included trade and legal notices. ii. Lintas advertising agency launched Dalda, the first major example of branding in India. iii. The first TV commercial in India was aired on Doordarshan in 1976. iv. The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) was established in 1985. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (i, ii, and iv)
Hickey's Bengal Gazette (1780) carried early advertisements. Lintas spearheaded the iconic Dalda marketing blitz, creating India's first mass-branded consumer good. ASCI was established in 1985 as a self-regulatory body.
Q569
Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)History of Indian Television
Arrange the following events in the chronological order of Indian television development: i) Establishment of the Delhi Television Centre ii) Launch of 'Krishi Darshan' program iii) The separation of TV from All India Radio iv) Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) success Which of the following is the correct chronological order?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (i, ii, iii, iv)
Chronological timeline of Indian Television: 1. Establishment of Delhi TV Centre: 15 September 1959. 2. Launch of Krishi Darshan (longest-running community TV program): 26 January 1967. 3. Separation of Doordarshan from All India Radio / creation of Doordarshan: 1 April 1976. 4. SITE experiment operations took place from August 1975 to July 1976.
Q570
Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)History of All India Radio
What was the original name of All India Radio (AIR)? A) Indian Broadcasting Service B) Indian Radio Corporation C) Akashvani D) Gyan Vani
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Indian Broadcasting Service)
In 1930, the government took over broadcasting under the Department of Industries and Labour as the 'Indian State Broadcasting Service' (ISBS), which was renamed 'All India Radio' on 8 June 1936 on the suggestion of Lionel Fielden.
Q571
Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)Radio Broadcasting History in India
Consider the following statements about radio broadcasting in India: i. The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) started radio broadcasting in 1927. ii. All India Radio (AIR) was established in 1936. iii. FM radio was introduced in India in the 1980s. iv. Gyan Vani is an educational FM radio network. Which of the statements are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
All four statements are correct in Indian broadcasting history: - IBC established Bombay and Calcutta stations in 1927. - AIR was officially named on 8 June 1936. - FM broadcasting began expanding in the late 1970s and 1980s. - Gyan Vani is a dedicated educational FM radio station network operated by IGNOU in collaboration with AIR.
Q572
Journalism, Digital Media, PR & AdvertisingHistory of Indian Journalism Themes
Arrange the following themes of Indian journalism in chronological order: i. Political freedom and social reforms ii. Nation-building post-independence iii. Efforts to strengthen the press after 1947 iv. Emergence of the 'Kesari' newspaper Which of the following is the correct chronological order?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (iv, i, iii, ii)
Chronological progression of Indian journalistic eras: 1. Emergence of Kesari (founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1881) (iv) 2. Freedom movement and social reform journalism (early 20th century) (i) 3. Post-1947 Press commissions and statutory bodies (First Press Commission 1952-54, Press Council) (iii) 4. Post-independence developmental nation-building journalism (1950s-1970s) (ii).
Q573
Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)History of Doordarshan
Consider the following statements about the development of television in India: i. The Delhi Television Centre began operations in 1959 with UNESCO support. ii. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) brought India international prestige. iii. Doordarshan was separated from All India Radio in 1976. iv. The Asian Games in 1982 led to the rapid expansion of India's television network. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (i, ii, iii, and iv)
All four statements are historical facts: - Delhi experimental TV station was inaugurated on 15 Sept 1959 funded partially by UNESCO (20,000 grant). - SITE (1975-76) using NASA's ATS-6 satellite beamed educational programming to 2,400 rural villages. - Doordarshan was separated from AIR on 1 April 1976. - 1982 IX Asian Games triggered national colour TV transmission and massive expansion of Low Power Transmitters (LPTs).
Q574
Journalism, Digital Media, PR & AdvertisingHistory of Corporate Public Relations
What was the primary reason for the rise of corporate public relations during the 1930s Depression in the United States? A) To increase product sales through advertising B) To counteract public distrust of business and government C) To promote international trade relations D) To expand the use of mass media for entertainment
💡Correct Answer: Option B (To counteract public distrust of business and government)
Following the 1929 stock market crash and the Great Depression, big corporations faced severe public hostility, suspicion, and regulatory scrutiny. Corporate PR emerged dynamically to rehabilitate business credibility and counteract public distrust.
Q575
Journalism, Digital Media, PR & AdvertisingPR History Chronology
Arrange the following events in the evolution of public relations in chronological order: i. Establishment of the Central Bureau of Public Information in India ii. Publicity campaign by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway iii. Rise of corporate PR during the 1930s Depression in the United States iv. Formation of the House of Tata's PR department Which of the following is the correct chronological order?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (ii, i, iii, iv)
Chronology of PR milestones: 1. Great Indian Peninsular Railway publicity campaign: 1920 (ii) 2. Central Bureau of Public Information established: 1923 (i) 3. Rise of corporate PR during Great Depression in US: 1930s (iii) 4. Formation of Tata PR division: 1945 (iv).
Q576
Plant Biochemistry, Cell Biology & PhysiologyMicrobiology History
Who first observed bacteria under a microscope in the year 1683?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Anton van Leeuwenhoek)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first observed and accurately documented live bacteria (which he called 'animalcules') from dental scrapings in 1683 using his handcrafted single-lens microscopes.
Q577
Plant Pathology, Entomology & Crop ProtectionFungicide History & Formulations
Match the following: i. Bordeaux Mixture - 1. Singh (1942) ii. Burgundy Mixture - 2. Millardet iii. Cheshunt Compound - 3. Bewley, 1921 iv. Chaubattia Paste - 4. "Soda Bordeaux" Options:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1)
Historical plant pathology matches: - i. Bordeaux Mixture -> Discovered by P.M.A. Millardet in 1885 (2) - ii. Burgundy Mixture -> Prepared with sodium carbonate, known as 'Soda Bordeaux' (4) - iii. Cheshunt Compound -> Formulated by W.F. Bewley in 1921 for damping-off (3) - iv. Chaubattia Paste -> Formulated by U.B. Singh in 1942 in Uttarakhand for wound treatment (1) Thus: i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1.
Q578
Plant Biochemistry, Cell Biology & PhysiologyHistory of Genetics
The term gene was coined by:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Wilhelm Johannsen)
Danish botanist and geneticist Wilhelm Johannsen coined the terms 'Gene' (1909), 'Genotype', and 'Phenotype' to replace Mendel's term 'element' or 'factor'.
Q579
Software Engineering, Testing & Quality AssuranceSDLC Models & History
Arrange the following models in order of their historical development: I. Waterfall Model II. Spiral Model III. Agile Model IV. Prototyping Model Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I -> IV -> II -> III)
Chronological timeline of SDLC models: 1. Waterfall Model (Winston Royce, 1970) (I) 2. Prototyping Model (Late 1970s - early 1980s) (IV) 3. Spiral Model (Barry Boehm, 1986/1988) (II) 4. Agile Model (Agile Manifesto, 2001) (III). Correct sequence: I -> IV -> II -> III.
Q580
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPhotographic Emulsions & Chemical Development
Which chemical is used in developing a photo from a photographic film?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Silver bromide)
Silver bromide (AgBr), along with other silver halides, is the primary light-sensitive chemical suspended in the gelatin emulsion of photographic film. During development, exposed silver bromide grains are chemically reduced into dark metallic silver particles to form the image.
Q581
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPhotographic Movements & Pioneers
The "f64 Group," known for promoting straight photography and sharp focus, was founded in which decade?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1930s)
Group f/64 was founded in 1932 (the 1930s) in San Francisco by legendary photographers including Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, and Willard Van Dyke to promote 'straight photography' characterized by sharp focus, maximum depth of field, and unmanipulated imagery.
Q582
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPioneers of Photography & Camera Evolution
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column - I: 1) the first automatic cameras which used an electric eye to determine aperture and exposure. 2) simple box-camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed 3) small camera of his own making and a piece of paper coated with silver chloride, which darkened where it was exposed to light 4) was also the first digital camera to be interfaced to a microcomputer. Column - II: i) Cromemco ii) Albert Einstein and Gustav Bucky iii) George Eastman iv) Nicéphore Niépce Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1 - ii, 2 - iii, 3 - iv, 4 - i)
Historical matching: - 1) Einstein and Gustav Bucky patented an 'electric eye' light-meter camera in 1935/1936 -> (ii) - 2) George Eastman developed the simple fixed-focus Kodak box camera in 1888 ('You press the button, we do the rest') -> (iii) - 3) Nicéphore Niépce in 1816 used paper coated with silver chloride inside a camera obscura -> (iv) - 4) Cromemco Cyclops (1975) was the first digital camera interfaced with an Altair/S-100 microcomputer -> (i). Hence, 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i. Choice D.
Q583
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesEarly Photographic Inventions
This early type of photography was named after an invention by a French scene painter.
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Daguerreotype)
The Daguerreotype, announced in 1839, was invented by French artist, scenographer, and panorama painter Louis Daguerre. It was the first commercially practical photographic process, using a silver-plated copper sheet sensitized with iodine vapor and developed with mercury fumes.
Q584
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesFilm Characteristics & Sensitivity
Which ISO would have more film grain?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (3200)
In film photography, higher ISO ratings require larger silver halide crystal grains in the emulsion to capture fewer photons, which produces prominent, coarse film grain. Among the choices, ISO 3200 is the fastest and exhibits the most grain.
Q585
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesInvention of Photography
How long was the exposure time for the first ever photographic image?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (8 hours)
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the world's first surviving permanent photograph ('View from the Window at Le Gras') in 1826 or 1827 using a camera obscura and a pewter plate coated with Bitumen of Judea, which required an exposure of approximately 8 hours in bright sunlight.
Q586
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesInvention of Photography & Heliography
A process developed by French physicist Joseph Niepce in 1816 that produced a positive copy of an engraving by exposing a glass plate coated with asphalt-like substance is known as:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Heliography)
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce coined the term 'Heliography' (sun writing, from Greek Helios = sun + graphein = to write) for his photographic process developed from 1816 to 1826, which used Bitumen of Judea (a natural asphalt) coated on glass or pewter plates that hardened upon sun exposure.
Q587
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesFilm Chemistry & Spectral Sensitivity
Panchromatic film is sensitive to
💡Correct Answer: Option A (all light)
Panchromatic black-and-white film emulsion is formulated with sensitizing dyes that make it responsive to all visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum—including blue, green, and red light—rendering realistic grayscale tonal values mimicking the human eye. (Earlier orthochromatic film was insensitive to red).
Q588
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPhotographic History & Movements
Which movement in photography is associated with the use of photography as an art form, challenging the notion of photography as merely a documentary tool?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Pictorialism)
Pictorialism was an international photographic movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pictorialists deliberately used soft focus, textured papers, and chemical manipulations to emulate the expressive brushwork of fine art paintings, firmly asserting photography's place as a fine art rather than a simple mechanical record.
Q589
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPhoto-Secession & Modern Photography
What was the primary significance of the "Photo-Secession" movement, founded by Alfred Stieglitz in 1902?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (It sought to establish photography as an art form distinct from painting)
The Photo-Secession movement, founded in New York in 1902 by Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen, seceded from mainstream photographic societies to champion fine art photography and establish photography as a legitimate, autonomous medium of artistic expression distinct from painting.
Q590
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesEarly Photographic Processes (19th Century)
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below: Column - I 1) daguerreotype 2) tintype 3) ambrotype 4) calotype Column - II i) is a direct imaging process with a glass support, collodion binder, and silver image ii) is a direct positive process with a silver-coated copper plate support and a silver-mercury amalgam image iii) key component was the paper made of cloth. iv) direct positive with a lacquered iron support, collodion binder layer, and silver image layer Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1 - ii, 2 - iv, 3 - i, 4 - iii)
Matching historic photographic processes: - 1) Daguerreotype: Direct positive process on silver-plated copper plate with silver-mercury amalgam image -> (ii) - 2) Tintype (Ferrotype): Direct positive on a dark-lacquered iron plate with collodion binder -> (iv) - 3) Ambrotype (Collodion positive): Direct positive on a glass plate with dark backing -> (i) - 4) Calotype (Talbotype): Paper negative process utilizing fine rag paper (paper made of cloth) -> (iii). Hence, 1-ii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-iii. Choice A.
Q591
History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesHistoric Photographic Processes (Tintype / Ferrotype)
Consider the following statements: I: Ferrotypes were generated using two processes: wet and dry. II: In the wet process, a collodion emulsion containing suspended silver halide crystals needed to be formed on the plate before it could be exposed to the camera. Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both I and II are correct)
Both statements are historically and technically correct: - Statement I: Ferrotypes (tintypes) were initially created using the wet collodion process in the 1850s-1870s, and later commercial dry-plate (gelatin-based) tintype methods were introduced in the late 19th century. - Statement II: In the classic wet ferrotype process, a clean sheet of japanned iron was coated with collodion containing iodide/bromide salts and sensitized in a silver nitrate bath to precipitate silver halides immediately before camera exposure while still wet. Hence, Both I and II are correct. Choice C.
Q592
General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Who was the Mughal emperor during the annexation of Kashmir to the Mughal Empire?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Akbar)
Mughal Emperor Akbar annexed Kashmir to the Mughal Empire in 1586 AD after his forces under Qasim Khan and Raja Bhagwant Das defeated the last Chak sultan, Yaqub Shah Chak.
Q593
General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KMedieval Indian History
Which one of the following battles led to the foundation of the Mughal rule at Delhi?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (First Battle of Panipat)
The First Battle of Panipat on 21 April 1526, fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, resulted in Babur's decisive victory, terminating the Delhi Sultanate and establishing the Mughal Empire in India.
Q594
General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following is also known as the "sale deed of Kashmir"?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Treaty of Amritsar)
The Treaty of Amritsar, signed on 16 March 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, transferred the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees, historically dubbed the 'Sale Deed of Kashmir'.
Q595
General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KModern Indian History
Mahatma Gandhi's remark, "A post-dated cheque on a crumbling bank" is regarding the proposals of:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Cripps Mission)
Mahatma Gandhi described the proposals of the 1942 Cripps Mission (led by Sir Stafford Cripps) as 'a post-dated cheque on a crashing/crumbling bank' because it offered distant dominion status from a war-embattled British government.
Q596
General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KAncient Indian History & Travelers
Who among the following foreigners was the first to visit India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Megasthenes)
Megasthenes, the ancient Greek ethnographer and ambassador of Seleucus I Nicator to the Mauryan court of Chandragupta Maurya (around 302 BC), was the earliest foreign visitor among the listed figures. (Faxian arrived around 405 AD, Xuanzang around 630 AD, and Yijing in 671 AD).
Q597
Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsHistory of Writing & Alphabets
Which is the basis all European Writing system
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Phoenician alphabet)
The Phoenician alphabet (developed around 1050 BC) is recognized as the ultimate ancestor of almost all modern alphabetic writing systems. Through maritime trade across the Mediterranean, it directly gave rise to the Greek alphabet, which subsequently evolved into the Latin (Roman) and Cyrillic scripts throughout Europe.
Q598
Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsHistory of Lithography
Who invented Lithography in the year 1796
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Alois Senefelder)
Lithography was invented in 1796 by German playwright and actor Alois Senefelder in Bavaria. He discovered that greasy ink drawn on porous Bavarian limestone repels water while water-dampened non-image areas repel the greasy ink (chemical planography).
Q599
Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsFlexographic History
In which year Aniline Printing industry formally changed the name of the process to Flexographic Printing
💡Correct Answer: Option D (1952)
At the 14th Annual Forum of the Packaging Institute in October 1952, the industry committee officially voted to adopt 'Flexographic Printing' to replace the historical name 'Aniline Printing' (which carried negative consumer perceptions due to toxic aniline dyestuffs).
Q600
Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsHistory of Printing: Gutenberg
Who is known as the father of modern printing?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Johann Gutenberg)
German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz is universally acclaimed as the 'Father of Modern Printing'. Around 1440–1450, he invented the mechanical movable metal type system, adjustable hand casting mold, oil-based printing ink, and the wooden screw printing press, publishing the Gutenberg Bible in 1455.
Q601
Computer Systems, Operating Systems & NetworkingHistory of the Internet: ARPANET
What was the first computer network in the world, established in 1969, that laid the foundation for the modern internet?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (ARPANET)
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), funded by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969, was the world's first operational packet-switching network. It interconnected computers across UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and the University of Utah, establishing the foundational architecture of the modern Internet.
Q602
General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndian History & Freedom Struggle
Which of the following statements about the Poona Pact of 1932 is Correct? A) It was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League to grant separate representation to religious minorities in provincial legislatures. B) It was a truce between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin that suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement. C) It is an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on the issue of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Dalits). D) It ended the East India Company (EIC) rule by transferring power to the British Parliament by reducing the EIC to a trading body.
💡Correct Answer: Option C (It is an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on the issue of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Dalits).)
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Poona between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (on behalf of the Depressed Classes) and Madan Mohan Malaviya / Mahatma Gandhi. Under the pact, separate electorates for the Depressed Classes announced in the British Communal Award were abandoned in favor of reserved seats within the general electorate.
Q603
General Knowledge & Current AffairsHistory & Heritage of Jammu and Kashmir
The Raghunath Temple in Jammu was completed during the reign of which Dogra ruler? A) Maharaja Hari Singh B) Maharaja Gulab Singh C) Maharaja Ranbir Singh D) Raja Ranjit Dev
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Maharaja Ranbir Singh)
The construction of the historic Raghunath Temple complex in Jammu was initiated by Maharaja Gulab Singh, the founder of the Dogra dynasty, in 1835 and was completed during the reign of his son, Maharaja Ranbir Singh, in 1860.
Q604
EconomicsIndian Economic History & Planning
Arrange the following economic events in India in chronological order: i) Nationalization of 14 major banks ii) India's LPG reforms iii) Launch of the First Five-Year Plan iv) Formation of NITI Aayog Options: A) iii, i, ii, iv B) i, iii, ii, iv C) iii, ii, i, iv D) i, ii, iii, iv
💡Correct Answer: Option A (iii, i, ii, iv)
Chronological order of economic events: iii) Launch of the First Five-Year Plan: 1951; i) Nationalization of 14 major commercial banks: July 1969; ii) India's LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) reforms: July 1991; iv) Formation of NITI Aayog: 1 January 2015. Thus, the sequence is iii, i, ii, iv (Option A).
Q605
General Knowledge & Current AffairsHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Hari parbat was built by A) Emperor Humayun B) Chandragupta Maurya C) Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj D) Atta Mohammed Khan
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Atta Mohammed Khan)
The outer rampart wall surrounding Hari Parbat (Koh-e-Maran) was laid by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1590, but the present fort atop the hill was built by the Afghan governor of Kashmir, Atta Mohammed Khan, in 1808.
Q606
General Knowledge & Current AffairsModern Indian History & Social Reforms
Name the Governor General who abolished 'Sati' in 1829. A) Lord Clive B) Lord Curzon C) Lord Bentinck D) Lord Dalhousie
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Lord Bentinck)
The Bengal Sati Regulation was passed on 4 December 1829 by Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, declaring the practice of burning or burying alive Hindu widows (Sati) illegal and punishable by the criminal courts, largely through the relentless reform efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Q607
General Knowledge & Current AffairsHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
During the rule of which dynasty, Muslim saints started coming to Jammu? A) Dhar dynasty B) Rai dynasty C) Dev dynasty D) Gonanda dynasty
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Rai dynasty)
According to the historical chronicles of Jammu (such as Gulabnama and Tarikh-i-Dogra Desh), Muslim saints and Sufis, including Pir Roshan Ali Shah and Pir Mitha, first began arriving in Jammu during the reign of the Rai dynasty (which preceded the Dev dynasty).
Q608
General Knowledge & Current AffairsSports History of India
In which year, Kabaddi was introduced for the first time in the National Games of India? A) 1938 B) 1939 C) 1940 D) 1941
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1938)
Kabaddi was introduced for the first time as an official competitive discipline in the Indian Olympic Games (later designated as the National Games of India) held at Calcutta in the year 1938.
Q609
General Awareness & ScienceIndian History & Ancient Religions
'Sanchi Stupa' is associated with which religion? A) Hinduism B) Jainism C) Buddhism D) Sikhism
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Buddhism)
The Great Stupa at Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh) was originally commissioned by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE to enshrine the relics of the Buddha, making it one of the oldest and most important monuments of Buddhism.
Q610
General Awareness & ScienceMedieval Indian History
Which Mughal emperor built the Red Fort? A) Akbar B) Shah Jahan C) Aurangzeb D) Jahangir
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Shah Jahan)
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the construction of the historic Red Fort (Lal Qila) in Delhi in 1638 when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Shahjahanabad (Delhi). It was designed by architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori.
Q611
General Awareness & ScienceMedieval Indian History
Which emperor was defeated in the Battle of Panipat (1526)? A) Ibrahim Lodi B) Sher Shah Suri C) Humayun D) Akbar
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ibrahim Lodi)
The First Battle of Panipat took place on 21 April 1526 between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire. Babur defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, marking the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India.
Q612
General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History & Constitutional Acts
The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as A) Morley-Minto Reforms B) Government of India Act C) Rowlatt Act D) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Morley-Minto Reforms)
The Indian Councils Act 1909 is widely known as the Morley-Minto Reforms after John Morley (Secretary of State for India) and Lord Minto (Viceroy of India). It introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
Q613
General Awareness & ScienceMedieval Indian History
Which ruler is credited with building the Grand Trunk Road? A) Chandragupta Maurya B) Sher Shah Suri C) Iltutmish D) Jaichand
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Sher Shah Suri)
Sher Shah Suri (founder of the Sur Empire) renovated and extended the ancient royal highway into the 'Sadak-e-Azam' (later called the Grand Trunk Road by the British), connecting Sonargaon in Bengal with Peshawar.
Q614
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KHistory of J&K - Ancient Period
Who was the author of Rajatarangini, a historical chronicle of early Kashmir? A) Kalidasa B) Kalhana C) Bana D) Panini
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Kalhana)
Kalhana Pandit composed 'Rajatarangini' ('The River of Kings') in Sanskrit verse in 1148–1149 CE during the reign of King Jayasimha. It is celebrated as the earliest comprehensive historical chronicle of Kashmir.
Q615
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KHistory of J&K - Mughal Period
The Mughal emperor who annexed Kashmir in 1586 was A) Babur B) Humayun C) Akbar D) Shah Jahan
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Akbar)
Mughal Emperor Akbar annexed Kashmir to the Mughal Empire in 1586 CE by dispatching an imperial army led by Qasim Khan and Raja Bhagwant Das, ending the rule of the Chak dynasty under Yaqub Shah Chak.
Q616
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KHistory of J&K - Dogra Rule
The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between the British and A) Hari Singh B) Ranjit Singh C) Gulab Singh D) Ranbir Singh
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Gulab Singh)
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16 March 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, transferring Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees and formally establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under Dogra rule.
Q617
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KHistory of J&K - Dogra Rule
Who was the last Dogra ruler of Jammu and Kashmir? A) Hari Singh B) Amar Singh C) Ranbir Singh D) Pratap Singh
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hari Singh)
Maharaja Hari Singh (reigned 1925–1949/1952) was the fourth and last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. He signed the Instrument of Accession to India in October 1947.
Q618
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KPolitical History & Accession of J&K
When did the Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India take place? A) 15th August 1947 B) 26th October 1947 C) 15th August 1948 D) 5th August 2019
💡Correct Answer: Option B (26th October 1947)
Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on 26th October 1947, acceding the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to the Dominion of India. It was accepted by Governor-General Lord Mountbatten on 27th October 1947.
Q619
General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KConstitutional History of J&K
Article 35A was inserted into the Constitution by A) The Constituent Assembly B) Presidential Order of 1954 C) Parliament Act D) Supreme Court Verdict
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Presidential Order of 1954)
Article 35A was incorporated into the Indian Constitution through the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, issued by President Dr. Rajendra Prasad under Article 370(1) on the recommendation of the J&K Constituent Assembly.
Q620
Forensic History & Physical EvidenceAnthropometry & Personal Identification
Bertillon system is based on:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Anthropometry)
The Bertillon system (developed by Alphonse Bertillon in 1879) was the first scientific system of personal identification, based on anthropometry (systematic physical body measurements).
Q621
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceMobile Malware History
Which of the following mobile systems are targeted by skull trojan?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Series 60 phones equipped with the Symbian mobile OS)
The Skulls Trojan (Skulls.A, 2004) was a pioneering piece of mobile malware specifically targeting Nokia Series 60 smartphones running the Symbian OS, replacing system application icons with skull graphics and disabling phone functions.
Q622
Forensic Foundations & CriminalisticsHistory of Firearms Identification
Who established comparison microscope as indispensible tool of modern firearms examination?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Calvin Goddard)
Colonel Calvin Goddard pioneered the forensic comparison microscope to examine fired bullets and cartridge cases side-by-side, establishing forensic ballistics as a rigorous scientific discipline.
Q623
Forensic Chemistry & HistoryHistory of Forensic Science in India
The first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory in India was established in:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (1849)
The first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory in India was established in the Madras Presidency in 1849 to investigate suspected poisoning cases. Subsequently, laboratories were set up in Calcutta (1853), Agra (1864), and Bombay (1870).
Q624
History of PharmacologyDiscovery of LSD by Albert Hofmann
The hallucinogenic effects of LSD were first described by
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Albert Hofmann)
Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD-25 in 1938 at Sandoz Laboratories and personally discovered and documented its profound hallucinogenic psychopharmacological effects on April 16 and 19, 1943 (the famous 'Bicycle Day').
Q625
Indian History & CultureAncient Literature - Works of Kalidasa
Which of the following are two works of Kalidasa?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Meghadutta and Malvikagnimitra)
Meghaduta (lyric poem) and Malavikagnimitra (Sanskrit play) are both celebrated masterworks of the classical poet Kalidasa. Ratnavali was authored by King Harsha; Harshacharita by Banabhatta; Kiratarjuniya by Bharavi; Malatimadhava by Bhavabhuti.
Q626
Modern Indian HistoryIndian National Movement Leaders
Match the following: National Leaders i) Mahatma Gandhi ii) Bhagat Singh iii) Subhash Chandra Bose iv) Bal Gangadhar Tilak Contribution 1. Azad Hind Fauj 2. Central Legislative Assembly Bombing 3. Dandi March 4. Swaraj is my birthright Options:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4)
Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi March in 1930 (i-3). Bhagat Singh threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 (ii-2). Subhash Chandra Bose led the Azad Hind Fauj (iii-1). Bal Gangadhar Tilak declared 'Swaraj is my birthright' (iv-4). Thus, i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4.
Q627
History & Heritage of Jammu & KashmirAkhnoor Fort on Chenab River
Consider the following statements about Akhnoor Fort, located about 28 km away from Jammu city: I. The fort is on the right bank of the river Jhelum. II. The fort was built around 1762 - 1802 at the behest of Raja Tegh Singh How many of the above statements are correct?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (II only)
Statement I is incorrect because Akhnoor Fort is perched on the right bank of the Chenab River (not Jhelum). Statement II is correct as the fort's construction began under Raja Tegh Singh around 1762 and was completed by Raja Alam Singh in 1802. Therefore, II only is correct.
Q628
General Knowledge & Current AffairsModern Indian History (Freedom Struggle)
Arrange the following events in correct chronological order: I. Poorna Swaraj Resolution II. Launch of Civil Disobedience Movement III. Poona Pact IV. Second Round Table Conference Choose the correct option: A) I - II - III - IV B) I - II - IV - III C) II - I - IV - III D) II - I - III - IV
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I - II - IV - III)
Chronology of events: I. Poorna Swaraj Resolution: Adopted at the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in December 1929. II. Launch of Civil Disobedience Movement: Commenced with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930 (breaking of salt law on April 6, 1930). IV. Second Round Table Conference: Held in London between September 7 and December 1, 1931 (attended by Mahatma Gandhi). III. Poona Pact: Signed between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and representatives of caste Hindus on September 24, 1932. Chronological order: I - II - IV - III.
Q629
General Knowledge & Current AffairsEarly Medieval Indian History
The 'Tripartite struggle' for control over the city of Kannauj was fought between which dynasties? A) Palas, Senas, Pushyabhutis B) Palas, Pratiharas, Chalukyas C) Palas, Pratiharas, Reddis D) Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas)
The Tripartite Struggle for control over Kannauj (the imperial symbol of Northern India in the 8th to 10th centuries CE) was fought for two centuries between three major powers: the Gurjara-Pratiharas of western India, the Palas of eastern India (Bengal/Bihar), and the Rashtrakutas of the Deccan.
Q630
General Knowledge & Current AffairsHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Identify the correct sequential order of the following dynasties of Kashmir: I. Lohara Dynasty II. Utpala Dynasty III. Chak Dynasty IV. Shah Mir Dynasty Choose the correct option: A) I - III - IV - II B) I - II - III - IV C) II - I - III - IV D) II - I - IV - III
💡Correct Answer: Option D (II - I - IV - III)
Chronological order of rulers in Kashmir history: II. Utpala Dynasty: Founded by Avantivarman in c. 855 CE (ruled until 1003 CE). I. Lohara Dynasty: Founded by Sangramaraja in 1003 CE (ruled until 1320 CE). IV. Shah Mir Dynasty: Founded by Shah Mir (Sultan Shams-ud-Din) in 1339 CE (ruled until 1561 CE). III. Chak Dynasty: Founded by Ghazi Chak in 1561 CE (ruled until Mughal conquest in 1586 CE). Hence, correct sequential order is II - I - IV - III.
Q631
General Knowledge & Current AffairsModern Indian History (Anglo-Sikh Wars)
Arrange the following battles of the First Anglo-Sikh War in chronological order: I. Battle of Mudki II. Battle of Ferozeshah III. Battle of Aliwal IV. Battle of Sobraon Choose the correct option: A) I - II - III - IV B) I - III - II - IV C) II - I - III - IV D) II - III - I - IV
💡Correct Answer: Option A (I - II - III - IV)
Chronological order of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846): 1. Battle of Mudki: 18 December 1845 (I) 2. Battle of Ferozeshah: 21–22 December 1845 (II) 3. Battle of Aliwal: 28 January 1846 (III) 4. Battle of Sobraon: 10 February 1846 (decisive British victory ending the war) (IV). Correct sequence: I - II - III - IV.
Q632
General Awareness with special ref to J&KIndian Freedom Struggle - Tribal Uprisings
Consider the following statements about the Tribal Freedom Fighters: I. Tilka Majhi mobilized the Pahadia tribe to which he belonged and raided the Company treasury. II. Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu from the Santhal community led the Santhal in the Hul rebellion. III. Malati Mem of the Tea-garden community strictly opposed Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha movement.
Which of the above statements are correct? A) I and II only B) I and III only C) All of the above D) None of the above
💡Correct Answer: Option A (I and II only)
Evaluating the statements: - Statement I is correct: Tilka Majhi organized tribal resistance against British East India Company oppression in 1784 and raided the Company treasury in Bhagalpur. - Statement II is correct: Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu led the historic Santhal Hul rebellion (1855–56) against the British and zamindars. - Statement III is incorrect: Malati Mem (Mangri Orang) was an inspiring female tea-garden worker who actively SUPPORTED and joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation and anti-opium movement in Assam, and was martyred in 1921. Thus, only I and II are correct.
Q633
General Awareness with special ref to J&KModern Indian History - Freedom Movement
With reference to the Indian Freedom struggle, consider the following events: I. Poona Pact II. Lord Irwin's declaration III. Second Round Table Conference
Arrange them in the correct chronological order: A) I-II-III B) II-I-III C) I-III-II D) II-III-I
💡Correct Answer: Option D (II-III-I)
Chronology of the events: 1. Lord Irwin's Declaration (Deepavali Declaration on Dominion Status): October 31, 1929 2. Second Round Table Conference (attended by Mahatma Gandhi in London): September to December 1931 3. Poona Pact (agreement between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on depressed classes representation): September 24, 1932 Thus, the correct chronological sequence is II - III - I.
Q634
General Awareness with special ref to J&KHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Dynasties
According to Kalhana's Rajtarangini, identify the correct sequential order of the following dynasties in the Jammu and Kashmir region: I. Gonanda dynasty II. Utpala dynasty III. Karkota Dynasty IV. Lohara dynasty
Choose the correct option: A) I-II-III-IV B) I-II-IV-III C) I-IV-III-II D) I-III-II-IV
💡Correct Answer: Option D (I-III-II-IV)
According to Kalhana's Rajatarangini, the historical dynasties of Kashmir followed this chronological order: 1. Gonanda Dynasty (ancient proto-historic and early classical era) 2. Karkota Dynasty (founded by Durlabhavardhana in 625 CE, famous for Lalitaditya Muktapida) 3. Utpala Dynasty (founded by Avantivarman in 855 CE) 4. Lohara Dynasty (founded by Sangramaraja in 1003 CE, Queen Didda's lineage) Therefore, the correct sequential order is I - III - II - IV.
Q635
General Awareness with special ref to J&KMughal Gardens of Kashmir
Which of the following statements about Mughal Gardens in Kashmir are correct? I. Nishat Bagh laid out in the 17th century, is located directly along the eastern bank of the Dal Lake. II. The two most important structures within the Shalimar Bagh are the Pink Pavilion, in the Diwan-i-Aam zone of the garden, and the Black Pavilion, located in the Diwan-i-Khas. III. Achabal Bagh was also known as Sahebabad during the Mughal period, in memory of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
Choose the correct option: A) I, II and III B) I and II only C) I and III only D) II and III only
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I and II only)
Evaluating Mughal Gardens: - Statement I is correct: Nishat Bagh was designed by Asif Khan (Nur Jahan's brother) in 1633 on the eastern bank of Dal Lake. - Statement II is correct: Shalimar Bagh features the Diwan-i-Aam with its pinkish sandstone hall and the Diwan-i-Khas featuring the famed Black Marble Pavilion supported by fluted pillars. - Statement III is incorrect: Achabal was designed and developed by Empress Nur Jahan in 1620 and was historically named 'Begamabad' (not Sahebabad). Thus, statements I and II only are correct.
Q636
General Awareness & ScienceIndian History - Bhakti Movement
During the Bhakti movement in India, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was known for which of the following? A) Vishnu devotion in Karnataka B) Shiva devotion in Tamil Nadu C) Krishna Bhakti in Maharashtra and Gujarat D) Sankirtan movement and Krishna bhakti in Bengal
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sankirtan movement and Krishna bhakti in Bengal)
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) was an ascetic saint in Bengal who popularized Gaudiya Vaishnavism and the Sankirtan movement (congregational singing of Krishna's name with dance and musical instruments like mridanga and kartal).
Q637
General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History - Governor Generals
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? Governor Generals: I. Lord Wellesley II. Lord William Bentinck III. Lord Charles Metcalfe IV. Lord Ripon Acts/Policies/Titles: Subsidiary Alliance Abolition of Sati Act, 1829 Liberator of the Press Father of Local Self-Government Choose the correct option: A) I and II only B) I, II and IV only C) II, III and IV only D) All of the above
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All of the above)
All pairs are correctly matched: I. Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance policy (1798); II. Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati via Regulation XVII in 1829; III. Lord Charles Metcalfe removed restrictions on the press via the Press Act of 1835 ('Liberator of the Press'); IV. Lord Ripon issued the Local Self-Government resolution of 1882 ('Father of Local Self-Government').
Q638
General Awareness & ScienceMedieval Indian History
Who founded the Vijaynagar Empire in the 14th Century? A) Bahman Shah B) Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq C) Krishnadevaraya D) Harihara and Bukka
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Harihara and Bukka)
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE on the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River by two brothers, Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, under the spiritual guidance of Saint Vidyaranya.
Q639
General Awareness & ScienceAncient History of Jammu and Kashmir
Who presided over the Fourth Buddhist Council, which was held during the rule of Kanishka in Kashmir? A) Mogali Putta Tissa B) Mahakasyapa C) Vasumitra D) Nagarjuna
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Vasumitra)
The Fourth Buddhist Council was convened at Kundalvana in Kashmir during the 1st/2nd century CE under the patronage of Kushan King Kanishka. It was presided over by Vasumitra, with Ashvaghosha serving as the vice-president.
Q640
General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Sufism
Which Sufi saint is believed to have visited Kashmir during the period of King Suhadeva (1301-1320) and was the first saint to introduce Islam in Kashmir? A) Hazrat Bulbul Shah B) Lal Ded C) Mir Syed Ali Hamadani D) Muinuddin Chisti
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hazrat Bulbul Shah)
Hazrat Syed Sharaf-ud-Din Abdul Rahman, popularly known as Hazrat Bulbul Shah, was a Suhrawardi Sufi saint who visited Kashmir during the reign of King Suhadeva. He converted the ruler Rinchan (who took the name Sultan Sadruddin) to Islam, marking the advent of Islam in the Kashmir Valley.
Q641
General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Sikh Rule
The Battle of Shopian (1819) was fought between which two powers? A) Sikhs and Britishers B) Mughals and Afghans C) Sikhs and Mughals D) Sikhs and Afghans
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Sikhs and Afghans)
The Battle of Shopian was fought in July 1819 between the Sikh Empire (led by Misr Diwan Chand and Hari Singh Nalwa under Maharaja Ranjit Singh) and the Durrani Afghan Governor Jabbar Khan. The Sikhs decisively defeated the Afghans, ending 67 years of oppressive Afghan rule in Kashmir.
Q642
General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Modern Period
Who was one of the founders of the political organisation 'All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference' in 1932? A) Mohammad Ali Jinnah B) Liaqat Ali Khan C) Sheikh Abdullah D) Sikandar Hayat Khan
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Sheikh Abdullah)
The All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference was founded in October 1932 at Pathar Masjid in Srinagar by Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah along with Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas. Sheikh Abdullah was elected its first president. In 1939, it was secularized and renamed the National Conference.
Q643
General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Rajatarangini
According to the historical chronicle Rajatarangini, arrange the following rulers of Kashmir in chronological order. I. Durlabhvardhan II. Harsha of Kashmir III. Lalitaditya Muktapida IV. Avantivarman Choose the correct option: A) I - II - III - IV B) I - III - IV - II C) I - IV - III - II D) III - I - IV - II
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I - III - IV - II)
Chronological order according to Kalhana's Rajatarangini: I. Durlabhavardhana founded the Karkota dynasty (c. 625 CE); III. Lalitaditya Muktapida was the illustrious Karkota emperor (c. 724–760 CE); IV. Avantivarman founded the Utpala dynasty (c. 855–883 CE); II. Harsha of Kashmir ruled later during the First Lohara dynasty (1089–1101 CE). Hence, the order is I - III - IV - II.
Q644
General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Kashmir Sultanate
Match the following: Kashmir Sultans: i. Shams-ud-din Shah Mir ii. Sikandar Butshikan iii. Yusuf Shah Chak Major Contribution/Title: a. Establishment of the Sultanate in Kashmir in 1339 CE b. Construction of the magnificent Jama Masjid in Srinagar in 1394 AD c. The last Independent ruler of Kashmir Choose the correct match: A) i-a, ii-c, iii-b B) i-b, ii-c, iii-a C) i-a, ii-b, iii-c D) i-b, ii-a, iii-c
💡Correct Answer: Option C (i-a, ii-b, iii-c)
Correct matches: i. Shams-ud-din Shah Mir founded the Shah Mir dynasty and established the Kashmir Sultanate in 1339 CE (a); ii. Sultan Sikandar Butshikan built the grand Jamia Masjid in Nowhatta, Srinagar in 1394–1400 AD (b); iii. Yusuf Shah Chak was the last independent monarch of Kashmir before annexation by the Mughal Empire under Akbar in 1586 (c). Hence, i-a, ii-b, iii-c.
Q645
Modern Indian HistoryRevolt of 1857 & Government of India Act 1858
Following the suppression of the revolt of 1857, what major constitutional change was adopted via the Government of India Act, 1858?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (The power of the East India Company was abolished, and power was transferred to the British Crown.)
The Government of India Act, 1858 (also known as the Act for the Better Government of India) liquidated the British East India Company and transferred the government, territories, and revenues of India directly to the British Crown (Queen Victoria). The Governor-General was given the additional title of Viceroy, and a Secretary of State for India was created to head the Indian administration.
Q646
Modern Indian HistoryLord Lytton & Nationalist Upsurge
Which of the following administrative measures taken by Lord Lytton was a factor in the rise of Indian Nationalism?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Passing of the Vernacular Press Act (1878))
Lord Lytton served as Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880. His reactionary administration enacted the Vernacular Press Act (1878) to muzzle Indian language newspapers, the Arms Act (1878), reduced the maximum age for ICS recruitment from 21 to 19, and held the lavish Delhi Durbar during the devastating 1876-78 famine. These repressive measures galvanized educated Indians and greatly accelerated the rise of organized nationalism.
Q647
Modern Indian HistoryFormation of Indian National Congress
The 'Safety Valve theory' propounded by leaders like Lala Lajpat Rai in the context of the formation of the Indian National Congress suggests that-
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The congress was formed to provide a peaceful outlet for public discontent and prevent another revolt like 1857.)
The 'Safety Valve theory', highlighted by Lala Lajpat Rai in his 1916 work 'Young India', argued that A.O. Hume founded the Indian National Congress under the guidance of Viceroy Lord Dufferin to act as an escape pipe or 'safety valve' for releasing growing political and social discontent among educated Indians, thereby preventing another mass revolt similar to 1857.
Q648
Modern Indian HistoryModerate Phase of INC
What was/were the primary political demands of the Moderates during the early phase of the Indian National Congress?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Expansion of Legislative Councils and greater representation of Indians in the Civil Services)
During the Moderate phase (1885–1905), Congress leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Pherozeshah Mehta pursued constitutional agitation. Their primary political demands included expansion and reform of the Imperial and Provincial Legislative Councils with greater elected Indian representation, and the Indianisation of higher administrative and Civil Services (holding simultaneous examinations in India and England).
Q649
Modern Indian HistorySwadeshi Movement & Indigenous Enterprises
Match the following in the context of the Swadeshi Movement: Swadeshi Initiatives: i. Bengal Chemicals Factory ii. Steam Navigation Company iii. Dawn Society iv. Swadesh Bandhab Samiti Associated Leaders: a. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai b. Prafulla Chandra Ray c. Ashwini Kumar Datta d. Satish Chandra Mukherjee Choose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c)
During the Swadeshi Movement (1905–1908): - Bengal Chemicals Pharmaceutical Works was established by Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray (i-b). - Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company was launched at Tuticorin by V.O. Chidambaram Pillai (ii-a). - Dawn Society was founded in 1902 to promote national education by Satish Chandra Mukherjee (iii-d). - Swadesh Bandhab Samiti was formed in Barisal by Ashwini Kumar Datta to mobilize the masses (iv-c). Hence, the correct matching is i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.
Q650
Modern Indian HistoryIndian National Movement Chronology
Arrange the following historical events in the correct Chronological order. I. Death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak II. Formation of the Swaraj Party by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru III. Self-Respect Movement by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker IV. Chauri Chaura incident during the Non-Cooperation Movement
💡Correct Answer: Option D (I - IV - II - III)
Chronological timeline of the events: I. Death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak: August 1, 1920 (on the day the Non-Cooperation Movement began). IV. Chauri Chaura incident: February 4/5, 1922 (led to the suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement). II. Formation of the Swaraj Party: January 1, 1923 (founded by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru). III. Self-Respect Movement: 1925 (launched by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy in Tamil Nadu). Therefore, the correct chronological order is I - IV - II - III.
Q651
Modern Indian HistoryShimla Deputation & Formation of Muslim League
Why was the Shimla deputation (1906) prominent for the rise of the Muslim League in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The deputation received a positive assurance from Lord Minto regarding separate electorates)
On October 1, 1906, a delegation of 35 aristocratic Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan met Viceroy Lord Minto at Shimla (the Shimla Deputation). They demanded separate electorates and weighted representation for Muslims in municipal and legislative bodies. Lord Minto gave them a sympathetic reception and positive assurance, which directly encouraged the establishment of the All India Muslim League in Dhaka in December 1906 and culminated in the Indian Councils Act 1909.
Q652
Modern Indian HistoryKhilafat Movement
Who were the two primary brothers who founded the 'All India Khilafat Committee' in 1919?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali)
The All India Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in 1919 under the leadership of the 'Ali Brothers'—Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali—along with prominent leaders like Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Hasrat Mohani, and Hakim Ajmal Khan, to defend the Ottoman Caliphate against British dismemberment.
Q653
Modern Indian HistoryQuit India Movement & Parallel Governments
In which of the following places was a 'Parallel Government' (Prati Sarkar) formed by Nana Patil during the Quit India Movement?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Satara (Maharashtra))
During the Quit India Movement in 1942–43, Nana Patil, along with leaders like Y.B. Chavan and Kisan Veer, established a famous parallel government ('Prati Sarkar') in Satara (Maharashtra). It functioned effectively for nearly three years, running volunteer corps (Toofan Sena) and people's courts (Nyayadan Mandals). (Ballia in UP was led by Chittu Pandey; Tamluk in Bengal was led by Satish Chandra Samanta).
Q654
Modern Indian HistoryIndian Independence Act 1947
On which of the following dates the 'Indian Independence Act-1947' was given the British Royal Assent, thereby giving legal effect to the Mountbatten Plan?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (July 18, 1947)
The Indian Independence Bill was introduced in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947, and received the Royal Assent from King George VI on July 18, 1947. The Act provided for the partition of British India and the creation of two independent Dominions, India and Pakistan, with effect from August 15, 1947.
About History of India & National Movement Questions for JKSSB & JKPSC
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