Question 1

What is the primary purpose of forensic science?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To reconstruct crime scene. The primary purpose of forensic science is to analyze physical evidence scientifically in order to reconstruct the events of a crime scene and assist the justice system.

Question 2

What is the best way to package charred documents?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Corrugated box with cotton base. Charred documents are extremely fragile. They should be carefully lifted and placed in a rigid corrugated box lined with a cotton base to absorb vibrations and prevent crumbling during transport.

Question 3

Which section of Indian Penal Code deals with Joint liability in the commission of an offence?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Section 45. Conceptually, Section 34 of the IPC deals with joint liability (acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention). In the exam question options, Section 45 (Option B) was the designated correct answer key, likely due to a typographical error in the paper representing Section 34.

Question 4

Disguise in handwriting by unaccustomed hand means:
i. To write with right hand by left-handed writer
ii. To write with right hand by right-handed writer
iii. To write with left hand by a right-handed writer
iv. To write with left hand by left-handed writer

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: i and iii are correct. Writing with the unaccustomed (non-dominant) hand is a common disguise. A left-handed writer writes with the right hand (i), and a right-handed writer writes with the left hand (iii). Thus, i and iii are correct.

Question 5

In forensic document examination, what does the term 'allograph' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Distinctive handwriting feature. An allograph is a variant shape or design of a letter (grapheme) in a particular handwriting style, representing a distinctive handwriting feature of the writer.

Question 6

Which type of forgery involves the signing on a document with the intent to deny it's ownership later?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Disguise. Disguise (sometimes called self-forgery) involves intentionally altering one's own writing or signature with the motive of later denying having ever signed or executed the document.

Question 7

Match the following:
i. Superimposition -> a. Simulated forgery
ii. Freehand forgery -> b. Copy-paste
iii. Practiced hand forgery -> c. By memory
iv. Lifted forgery -> d. Traced forgery

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i. Simulated forgery is practiced hand forgery (a-iii). Copy-paste forgery corresponds to lifted forgery (b-iv). Freehand forgery from memory without a model is c-ii. Traced forgery shows exact superimposition (d-i). This matches option D.

Question 8

Alterations in document involves all of the following EXCЕРТ-

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Natural variations in running text. Document alterations include physical/chemical erasures, additions, deletions, overwriting, and obliterations. 'Natural variations' are the inherent, normal fluctuations in a person's genuine writing and are not alterations.

Question 9

Which term is used when a portion of a document is intentionally concealed or covered?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Deletion. In document examination, intentionally covering, scraping off, or hiding a portion of a text is classified under document deletion (or obliteration). In the options, 'Deletion' is the most appropriate term.

Question 10

The examination of document indents is useful in detecting -

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Hidden writing impressions. Analyzing paper indentations (writing impressions) is useful for recovering hidden writing from sheets of paper that were beneath the sheet of paper that was written on.

Question 11

How should wet and charred documents be preserved at a crime scene to minimise further damage?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Freeze-dry. Freeze-drying is the best method to dry wet, extremely fragile charred documents because it sublimates ice directly to gas, avoiding liquid tension that crumbles the paper.

Question 12

Which of the following is an internal factor (cannot be controlled) affecting a person's handwriting?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Handwriting change due to ageing. Ageing is a gradual, permanent, and uncontrollable internal physiological factor that alters handwriting. Intoxication, drowsiness, and minor injuries are temporary or external factors.

Question 13

The concept of 'Every contact leaves a trace' is associated with which of the following forensic scientist?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Sir Edmond Locard. The fundamental tenet of forensic science, 'Every contact leaves a trace', is known as Locard's Exchange Principle, formulated by Sir Edmond Locard.

Question 14

Which of the following are characteristics of a genuine signature?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Rhythm, speed, flow. Genuine signatures are written with natural speed, flow, and consistent rhythm. Forged signatures tend to show hesitation, tremors, pen pauses, and unnatural pen lifts.

Question 15

The little variability in a person's handwriting that occurs over time is known as:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Natural variations. No person writes exactly the same way twice. The slight, normal deviations in letter size, shape, and slope in a person's handwriting are called natural variations.

Question 16

In forensic document examination, the presence of consistent letter formation and spacing is considered as:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Individual characteristics. Consistent, unique habits of letter formation, slant, connection, and spacing are individual characteristics that distinguish one person's handwriting from another.

Question 17

The distinctive features that makes a person's signature recognizable and unique fall under the category of:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Individual characteristics. Unique flourishes, letter connections, and details in a signature that allow it to be distinguished from all others are classified as individual characteristics.

Question 18

Which of the following features are examined while detecting counterfeiting in currency notes?
1. Microprinting
2. Watermark
3. Optical fibres
4. OVI (optical variable ink)
5. Signature of the governor

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: All 1,2,3,4,5. To verify banknotes, examiners check all security features including microprinting, watermarks, fluorescent optical fibers, Optically Variable Ink (OVI), and the details of the governor's signature.

Question 19

What security feature is commonly used in passports to prevent tampering and forgery?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Hologram. Holograms (or holographic laminates) are placed over the biographical data page in passports to prevent alteration and copying of photo or details, making counterfeiting extremely difficult.

Question 20

Which of the following technique is used for comparison of two seal impressions for authenticity?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Comparison microscope. A comparison microscope is the standard instrument used to compare the details of two seal impressions side-by-side or superimposed under identical lighting and magnification.

Question 21

What characteristic is commonly analyzed to differentiate between various printers in computer-printed documents?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Dot pattern. Computer printers use specific technologies (like inkjet nozzle arrays or laser raster patterns) that leave unique dot patterns and configurations, helping examiners identify the printer technology and model.

Question 22

What is the purpose of using UV printing in passports and travel documents?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To prevent photocopying. UV-activated fluorescent inks are invisible under normal light and do not show up when photocopied with standard color copiers, helping to prevent unauthorized photocopying and reproduction.

Question 23

What term refers to the unauthorized copying of credit card information onto a counterfeit card for fraudulent transactions?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Skimming. Skimming is the illegal capturing and copying of the magnetic stripe data from a credit or debit card using a reading device, which is later written onto a counterfeit card.

Question 24

What is the first step at managing the crime scene?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Providing first-aid to the victim. Preservation of human life is the absolute highest priority. Providing medical first-aid to any injured victims is always the very first step upon arriving at a crime scene.

Question 25

In credit cards forgery investigations, what is often examined to determine the authenticity of a card, especially when comparing a genuine card with a suspected counterfeit?
1. Magnetic stripe data
2. Embossed characters
3. Signature panel

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: All 1,2 and 3. To determine credit card authenticity, investigators analyze the magnetic stripe data, the size/alignment of embossed characters, and the security features of the signature panel. Thus, all 1, 2, and 3 are examined.

Question 26

What is the primary function of barricading the crime scene?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To prevent contamination of crime scene. Barricading restricts unauthorized access to the crime scene, preserving it from contamination, destruction, or alteration of crucial physical evidence by onlookers or personnel.

Question 27

What are the essentials in the documentation of crime scene?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Photography - Notes taking - Sketching - Videography. The four primary methods for documenting a crime scene are photography, notes taking, sketching, and videography. These establish a permanent, visual, and written record of the scene.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a method of crime scene sketching?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Strip method. Triangulation, baseline, and polar coordinates are valid measurement methods used in crime scene sketching. The 'strip method' is a crime scene searching method, not a sketching method.

Question 29

What is the significance of the primary walk-through at the crime scene?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To identify potential evidence and document its location. The primary walk-through is the initial survey of the crime scene by the investigator to observe the scene's condition, identify transient or fragile evidence, plan search strategies, and document initial locations.

Question 30

What is the full form of ESDA?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Electrostatic Detection Apparatus. ESDA stands for Electrostatic Detection Apparatus, which is a specialized forensic instrument used to visualize and create a permanent record of indented writing impressions on paper.

Question 31

Match the following:
i. ESDA -> a. Analysis of Indentations
ii. Spectroscopy -> b. Analysis of 3-D image
iii. VSC -> c. Analysis of different inks
iv. Stereo microscope -> d. Composition of inks

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b. ESDA is used to analyze indentations (i-a). Spectroscopy determines chemical composition of inks (ii-d). VSC (Video Spectral Comparator) compares different inks under UV/IR light (iii-c). Stereo microscope provides a 3-dimensional magnified view of evidence (iv-b). This corresponds to option D.

Question 32

Assertion (A): f and g are trizonal letters in English alphabets
Reason (R): Trizonal letters have an upper, middle and lower zone to baseline

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: A is false but R is true. Assertion (A) is false because while 'f' is a trizonal letter (spans upper, middle, and lower zones), 'g' is a bizonal letter (spans only middle and lower zones). Reason (R) is true because it correctly defines a trizonal letter.

Question 33

What is the first step in managing a crime scene?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Securing the scene. Securing the scene is the immediate first step in crime scene management to prevent contamination, alteration, or loss of evidence.

Question 34

Match the following:
1) Writing weakness marked by irregular shaky strokes -> a) Pen emphasis
2) The element of writing movement -> b) Shading
3) The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper -> c) Tremor
4) A widening of pen stroke due to added pressure on pen nib -> d) Rhythm

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b. Shaky, irregular strokes describe tremor (1-c). Element of writing movement describes rhythm (2-d). Intermittent pressure force is pen emphasis (3-a). Widening of pen stroke due to pressure is shading (4-b). This matches option D.

Question 35

The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Biometric Signature Pad. A Biometric Signature Pad (or digital signature pad) captures dynamic signature features such as stroke speed, pressure, direction, and rhythm for identity verification.

Question 36

Which of the following is the oldest form of ink?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Carbon ink. Carbon ink (made from soot/fine charcoal mixed with gum or glue) is the oldest form of writing ink, used since ancient times in Egypt and China.

Question 37

Which of the following method uses Kromekote paper?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Determining sequence of intersecting strokes. The Kromekote paper lifting method is a non-destructive forensic technique used to determine the sequence of intersecting ink strokes on a document.

Question 38

Which of the following method is used for comparison of two inks?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Thin-layer chromatography. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is the standard and most widely used chemical separation technique for comparing the organic dyes and components of two different writing inks.

Question 39

Which of the following is depicted by the master pattern of a person's handwriting?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Range of natural variation in the writing. The master pattern of a person's handwriting reflects their individual writing habits, representing the range of natural variations inherent in their writing under various conditions.

Question 40

Proportional spacing typewriter's characteristic feature gives:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: It gives space to each character according to its size. In proportional spacing typewriters, horizontal letter spacing varies; wider letters (like 'm' or 'w') are allocated more space than narrow letters (like 'i' or 'l').

Question 41

Match the following:
1. Handwriting comparison -> a. Speed and Rhythm
2. Disguised signature -> b. Master Pattern
3. Genuine signature -> c. Tracing
4. Type of forgery -> d. Pen-lifts and pen pauses

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c. Handwriting comparison relies on establishing the Master Pattern (1-b). Disguised signatures show hesitations like pen-lifts and pen pauses (2-d). Genuine signatures are characterized by natural speed and rhythm (3-a). Tracing is a type of forgery (4-c). This corresponds to option C.

Question 42

Match the following:
1. Study of handwriting characteristics -> a. Tracing
2. Non-destructive technique of document examination -> b. ESDA
3. Super-imposition of two signature samples -> c. Graphology
4. Analysis of indented writing -> d. Video Spectral Comparator

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b. The study of handwriting characteristics for personality analysis is Graphology (1-c). VSC is a non-destructive optical analysis tool (2-d). Superimposing two identical signatures suggests tracing (3-a). Indented writing is analyzed using ESDA (4-b). This matches option D.

Question 43

Statement A: VSC is often used to examine the alterations and obliterations made on a document
Statement B: VSC uses UV, IR and combination of other wavelength of light sources and filters

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Both A and B are true. Both statements are true. VSC (Video Spectral Comparator) is a vital tool for revealing document erasures, alterations, and obliterations by using multiple wavelengths of light (UV, visible, IR) and color filters to observe differences in ink luminescence.

Question 44

What is the purpose of a grid search pattern in crime scene searching?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To cover large areas quickly. A grid search pattern, which involves searching in perpendicular directions, is highly systematic and allows investigators to cover large and medium search areas thoroughly.

Question 45

What does indented writing refers to in forensic document examination?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Writings impressed onto papers underneath the top sheet. Indented writing (or second-page writing) refers to the depressions or impressions left on sheets of paper beneath the one that was actually written on due to pen pressure.

Question 46

What is the purpose of using oblique lighting in document examination?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To reveal alterations and erasures. Oblique (or side-angle) lighting casts shadows in the indentations and surface disturbances of paper, helping to reveal mechanical erasures, alterations, and indented writing.

Question 47

Statement A: Fingerprints study is also called as Dermatoglyphics
Statement B: Fingerprints of new born babies changes as they grow older

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: A is true, B is false. Statement A is true (dermatoglyphics is the study of skin ridges). Statement B is false because fingerprint ridge patterns are permanent and do not change from birth to death; they only grow in size.

Question 48

What is the median of the following set of numbers?
10, 15, 8, 20, 12

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 12. First, arrange the numbers in ascending order: 8, 10, 12, 15, 20. The middle value of this sorted set of 5 numbers is 12, which is the median.

Question 49

If the variance of the dataset is zero, what can be said about the values in the dataset?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: All values are the same. Variance measures how much values spread out from the mean. If the variance is zero, there is no dispersion at all, meaning all data values in the set are identical.

Question 50

In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 68%. According to the empirical rule (68-95-99.7 rule) for a normal distribution, approximately 68.27% of the data falls within one standard deviation (±1σ) of the mean.

Question 51

What does the term p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Probability of obtaining observed results by chance. The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. It represents the likelihood of the result occurring due to random chance.

Question 52

If a dataset has a positively skewed distribution, where is the mean in relation to the median?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Mean > Median. In a positively (right) skewed distribution, the extreme values in the long right tail pull the mean upward, making the Mean greater than the Median.

Question 53

In a t-test for independent samples, what does the p-value indicate?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Probability of obtaining observed results by chance. In an independent samples t-test, the p-value represents the probability of observing a difference in means as large as (or larger than) the one obtained, assuming that there is no true difference (null hypothesis is true).

Question 54

What is the purpose of F-test in analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To compare means of more than two independent samples. In ANOVA, the F-test is used to compare the variance between group means against the variance within groups to determine if the means of three or more (more than two) independent groups are significantly different.

Question 55

What is the purpose of chain of custody in forensic investigations?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To document the movement of evidence. The chain of custody is a chronological, detailed record documenting the collection, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of physical evidence to ensure its integrity in court.

Question 56

In a Chi-square test for independence, what is a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: The variables are independent. In a Chi-square test of independence, the null hypothesis (H0) always states that the two categorical variables being tested are independent of each other (not associated).

Question 57

In a paired-sample t-test, what does a p-value less than the chosen level of significance (e.g; 0.05) indicate?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Reject the null hypothesis. A p-value less than the alpha significance level (e.g., p < 0.05) provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that we should reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Question 58

In an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the performance of three different study techniques, the mean scores are 75, 80, and 85 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall mean is 80, and the total sum of squares is 300. What is the between-group sum of squares?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 50. The formula for Between-Group Sum of Squares (SSB) is SSB = sum of n_j * (Mean_j - Overall_Mean)^2. Assuming equal group sizes (n = 1 for simplest representation): SSB = 1*(75-80)^2 + 1*(80-80)^2 + 1*(85-80)^2 = (-5)^2 + 0^2 + 5^2 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50.

Question 59

In a study of preferences among three different colors (red, blue, and green), the observed frequencies are 25, 30, and 15, respectively. If the expected frequencies are 20 for each color, what is the chi-square statistic for this test?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 7.5. Using Chi-Square formula: χ² = Σ (O - E)² / E. Red: (25 - 20)² / 20 = 25 / 20 = 1.25. Blue: (30 - 20)² / 20 = 100 / 20 = 5.0. Green: (15 - 20)² / 20 = 25 / 20 = 1.25. χ² = 1.25 + 5.0 + 1.25 = 7.5.

Question 60

Which characteristic is often examined in the analysis of typewriting?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Ribbon impression. In forensic typewriting analysis, examiners look closely at ribbon impressions (ink transfer details, ink composition, thread patterns) along with typeface alignment, spacing, and letter defects.

Question 61

What are Taggants in inks used as?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Compounds used as markers to identify ink. Taggants are unique chemical or physical markers added to inks by manufacturers during production to allow the identification of the ink brand, formulation, and year of manufacture.

Question 62

Which technique is used to uncover alterations in handwritten entries by visualising impressions on the document beneath it?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: ESDA. ESDA (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus) is the primary technique used to visualize indented impressions left on lower sheets of paper from writing on the top sheet.

Question 63

Arrange the following in ascending chronological order of their appearance:
i. Manual typewriter
ii. Laser printer
iii. Dot-Matrix printer
iv. Inkjet printer

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: i, iii, iv, ii. The chronological order is: i. Manual Typewriter (1860s/1870s) -> iii. Dot-Matrix Printer (1970) -> iv. Inkjet Printer (late 1970s/1980s) -> ii. Laser Printer (office commercialization in 1984, following mid-1970s inventions). This corresponds to option D.

Question 64

What is the purpose of using infrared examination in document analysis?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: To visualize hidden text. Infrared (IR) examination is used to visualize obliterated or hidden text, detect alterations, and distinguish between different inks that react differently to infrared radiation.

🧪 Assistant Scientific Officer (Documents)2024

📝 All 120 QuestionsFree • No Login Required

What is the primary purpose of forensic science?

What is the best way to package charred documents?

Which section of Indian Penal Code deals with Joint liability in the commission of an offence?

Disguise in handwriting by unaccustomed hand means: i. To write with right hand by left-handed writer ii. To write with right hand by right-handed writer iii. To write with left hand by a right-handed writer iv. To write with left hand by left-handed writer

In forensic document examination, what does the term 'allograph' refer to?

Which type of forgery involves the signing on a document with the intent to deny it's ownership later?

Match the following: i. Superimposition -> a. Simulated forgery ii. Freehand forgery -> b. Copy-paste iii. Practiced hand forgery -> c. By memory iv. Lifted forgery -> d. Traced forgery

Alterations in document involves all of the following EXCЕРТ-

Which term is used when a portion of a document is intentionally concealed or covered?

The examination of document indents is useful in detecting -

How should wet and charred documents be preserved at a crime scene to minimise further damage?

Which of the following is an internal factor (cannot be controlled) affecting a person's handwriting?

The concept of 'Every contact leaves a trace' is associated with which of the following forensic scientist?

Which of the following are characteristics of a genuine signature?

The little variability in a person's handwriting that occurs over time is known as:

In forensic document examination, the presence of consistent letter formation and spacing is considered as:

The distinctive features that makes a person's signature recognizable and unique fall under the category of:

Which of the following features are examined while detecting counterfeiting in currency notes? 1. Microprinting 2. Watermark 3. Optical fibres 4. OVI (optical variable ink) 5. Signature of the governor

What security feature is commonly used in passports to prevent tampering and forgery?

Which of the following technique is used for comparison of two seal impressions for authenticity?

What characteristic is commonly analyzed to differentiate between various printers in computer-printed documents?

What is the purpose of using UV printing in passports and travel documents?

What term refers to the unauthorized copying of credit card information onto a counterfeit card for fraudulent transactions?

What is the first step at managing the crime scene?

In credit cards forgery investigations, what is often examined to determine the authenticity of a card, especially when comparing a genuine card with a suspected counterfeit? 1. Magnetic stripe data 2. Embossed characters 3. Signature panel

What is the primary function of barricading the crime scene?

What are the essentials in the documentation of crime scene?

Which of the following is not a method of crime scene sketching?

What is the significance of the primary walk-through at the crime scene?

What is the full form of ESDA?

Match the following: i. ESDA -> a. Analysis of Indentations ii. Spectroscopy -> b. Analysis of 3-D image iii. VSC -> c. Analysis of different inks iv. Stereo microscope -> d. Composition of inks

Assertion (A): f and g are trizonal letters in English alphabets Reason (R): Trizonal letters have an upper, middle and lower zone to baseline

What is the first step in managing a crime scene?

Match the following: 1) Writing weakness marked by irregular shaky strokes -> a) Pen emphasis 2) The element of writing movement -> b) Shading 3) The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper -> c) Tremor 4) A widening of pen stroke due to added pressure on pen nib -> d) Rhythm

The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-

Which of the following is the oldest form of ink?

Which of the following method uses Kromekote paper?

Which of the following method is used for comparison of two inks?

Which of the following is depicted by the master pattern of a person's handwriting?

Proportional spacing typewriter's characteristic feature gives:

Match the following: 1. Handwriting comparison -> a. Speed and Rhythm 2. Disguised signature -> b. Master Pattern 3. Genuine signature -> c. Tracing 4. Type of forgery -> d. Pen-lifts and pen pauses

Match the following: 1. Study of handwriting characteristics -> a. Tracing 2. Non-destructive technique of document examination -> b. ESDA 3. Super-imposition of two signature samples -> c. Graphology 4. Analysis of indented writing -> d. Video Spectral Comparator

Statement A: VSC is often used to examine the alterations and obliterations made on a document Statement B: VSC uses UV, IR and combination of other wavelength of light sources and filters

What is the purpose of a grid search pattern in crime scene searching?

What does indented writing refers to in forensic document examination?

What is the purpose of using oblique lighting in document examination?

Statement A: Fingerprints study is also called as Dermatoglyphics Statement B: Fingerprints of new born babies changes as they grow older

What is the median of the following set of numbers? 10, 15, 8, 20, 12

If the variance of the dataset is zero, what can be said about the values in the dataset?

In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

What does the term p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

If a dataset has a positively skewed distribution, where is the mean in relation to the median?

In a t-test for independent samples, what does the p-value indicate?

What is the purpose of F-test in analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

What is the purpose of chain of custody in forensic investigations?

In a Chi-square test for independence, what is a null hypothesis?

In a paired-sample t-test, what does a p-value less than the chosen level of significance (e.g; 0.05) indicate?

In an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the performance of three different study techniques, the mean scores are 75, 80, and 85 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall mean is 80, and the total sum of squares is 300. What is the between-group sum of squares?

In a study of preferences among three different colors (red, blue, and green), the observed frequencies are 25, 30, and 15, respectively. If the expected frequencies are 20 for each color, what is the chi-square statistic for this test?

Which characteristic is often examined in the analysis of typewriting?

What are Taggants in inks used as?

Which technique is used to uncover alterations in handwritten entries by visualising impressions on the document beneath it?

Arrange the following in ascending chronological order of their appearance: i. Manual typewriter ii. Laser printer iii. Dot-Matrix printer iv. Inkjet printer

What is the purpose of using infrared examination in document analysis?

Which of the following crimes does a White-Collar crime typically involves?

What is the design of letters which are fundamental to a writing system called?

What is a blind loop in handwriting defined as?

Which of the following causes the Transitory defects in the typescript?

Which of the following technique can be utilised to decipher the ink writing erased with chemical erasure?

(A): Two handwriting samples of the same content written by the same person are exactly the same and can be superimposed one on top of another. (B): Two handwriting samples written by the same person could be same because it was written by the same author during same time period

Which of the following is most likely to develop the individual characteristics when used a lot?

The sequence of pages in the multipage laser-printed document could be determined from the position of which type of defect marks?

A writer leaves 1.5 inches to the left margin. From the following, which are the spatial characteristics that margin belongs to?

Who was known to be the first to use any scientific system for personal identification?

Following are the duties of the First officer arriving at the scene of crime, EXCEPT- i. Taking notes of any vehicles leaving the scene ii. Obtaining medical assistance if needed iii. Check for hazardous or violent circumstances iv. Leaves the crime scene to do a preliminary examination

Who amongst the following is responsible for conducting and overseeing the investigation at a crime scene?

Which of the following defines physical evidence?

Match the following: 1. Sir Francis Galton -> a. Fingerprints 2. Sir Edmond Locard -> b. Questioned Documents 3. Sir Alphonse Bertillon -> c. Principle of Mutual Exchange 4. Sir Albert S. Osborn -> d. Anthropometric Measurements