Crime Scene Management & ReconstructionCrime Scene Search Methods
Which of the following is best searching method for small and circular crime scenes?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Spiral method)
The spiral search method (inward or outward spiral) is best suited for small, circular, or focused crime scenes without physical barriers. In contrast, line and grid methods are ideal for large outdoor areas.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (American Society of Testing and Materials)
ASTM stands for the American Society for Testing and Materials (now ASTM International), a globally recognized standard-setting body that establishes voluntary consensus technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.
What is the most sensitive detector for the gas chromatography?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ECD)
The Electron Capture Detector (ECD) is the most sensitive detector for gas chromatography, capable of detecting electronegative compounds (such as halogenated hydrocarbons and pesticides) down to the femtogram (10^-15 g) range.
Q4
Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyDrug Metabolism
Dextromethorphan is metabolized to dextrorphan by:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (O-demethylation)
Dextromethorphan is metabolized into its active metabolite dextrorphan via O-demethylation catalyzed by the polymorphic hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6.
Which color is observed in Mandelin's test for LSD?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Orange)
Mandelin's reagent (composed of ammonium vanadate dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid) produces an orange to orange-brown color reaction when tested with LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide).
Which of the following is a stationary phase used in ion chromatography?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Cation exchange resin in silver form)
In ion chromatography and ion exclusion chromatography, strongly acidic cation-exchange resin in the silver form (Ag+) is widely utilized as stationary phase, especially for halogen precipitation and selective separation.
Q8
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureBNSS Forensic Provisions
Which of the following sections of BNSS states a Magistrate can order the collection of finger impressions or voice samples from a person who has not been arrested under the new BNSS provisions?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Section 329)
Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), Section 329 (and enacted Sec 349) empowers a Judicial Magistrate to order specimen finger impressions, handwriting, and voice samples from any person, including someone not arrested.
When did Hazardous waste management act enacted in India?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (1989)
The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in India were first enacted in 1989 under the framework of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Match the following Technique with Type of equilibrium:\nTechnique:\ni. GLC\nii. GSC\niii. Ion exchange chromatography\niv. Size exclusion chromatography\nv. Super critical fluid chromatography\nType of equilibrium:\na. Ion exchange\nb. Adsorption\nc. Sieving\nd. Partition b/w supercritical fluid & bonded surface\ne. Partition b/w gas and liquid\nChoose the correct match:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (i - e, ii - b, iii - a, iv - c, v - d)
GLC operates via partition between gas and liquid (e); GSC operates via adsorption on solid phase (b); Ion exchange works by ion exchange equilibrium (a); Size exclusion separates by molecular sieving (c); SFC partitions between supercritical fluid and stationary phase (d). Thus, i-e, ii-b, iii-a, iv-c, v-d.
Q11
Questioned DocumentsIndented Writing Examination
Which factor most directly affects whether these indentations can be successfully visualized and recorded?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The pressure characteristics of the original writer during execution)
The primary factor determining the formation, depth, and recoverability of indented impressions (via oblique lighting or Electrostatic Detection Apparatus - ESDA) is the downward pressure characteristics exerted by the writer.
Q12
Forensic Chemistry & NarcoticsCannabis Alkaloids
Which of the following is the active component in hemp plant?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (THC)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa (hemp plant). Morphine is from opium poppy, LSD is semisynthetic ergot alkaloid, and nicotine is from tobacco.
Q13
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureBNSS Section 176(3) Mandate
Under Section 176(3) of the BNSS, for which category of offence is forensic investigation by an expert mandatory?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Offences carrying a punishment of 7 years or less)
Section 176(3) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 mandates that forensic experts must visit the crime scene and collect evidence for offences punishable with imprisonment of 7 years or more (referenced by option B's 7-year threshold).
Q14
Forensic Criminal Law & EvidencePretrial Legal Motions
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): 'The motion in Limine' is different to 'motion to exclude'.\nReason (R): 'Motion to exclude' asserts that item of evidence or confessions were illegally obtained and therefore inadmissible at trial because they do not meet constitutional standards.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A)
A motion in limine is a broad pretrial request regarding relevance and potential prejudice of evidence, whereas a motion to exclude/suppress specifically targets constitutional and procedural violations (illegal search, coerced confession), making R the correct explanation of A.
Q15
Forensic Biology, Serology & DNASkeletal DNA Extraction
Arrange the following bones in order of preference for sending intact bones for DNA profiling:\nI. Ribs\nII. Tibia\nIII. Femur\nIV. Teeth\nV. Humerus\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (III, II, V, IV, I)
In forensic anthropology and DNA isolation from skeletal remains, dense weight-bearing long bones provide the highest DNA yield and preservation: Femur (III) > Tibia (II) > Humerus (V) > Teeth (IV) > Ribs (I).
In mass spectrometry, fragmentation of ions is achieved through?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Ionization)
In mass spectrometry, fragmentation occurs as a direct consequence of the ionization process (such as Electron Ionization), where excess kinetic and electronic energy transferred to the molecule causes unimolecular decomposition into fragment ions.
Q17
Forensic Criminal Law & EvidenceTypes of Evidence
What does an evidence which is used to imply a fact without directly proving it called?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Circumstantial evidence)
Circumstantial evidence is indirect evidence that does not directly prove a fact in issue, but allows a judge or jury to deduce or infer the fact through logical connection.
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Blood alcohol concentration)
The Michaelis-Menten kinetic model describes the non-linear, saturable enzymatic metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, directly determining blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and clearance kinetics.
Q19
Forensic Botany & ToxicologyPlant Toxins
What is the family of Ricinus Communis?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Euphorbiaceae)
Ricinus communis (castor bean plant, source of the potent toxalbumin ricin) belongs to the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.
Which of the following is not an inducer of Cytochrome P450 system?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Morphine)
Morphine does not induce hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes; it is primarily metabolized by Phase II glucuronidation via UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT2B7). Ethanol induces CYP2E1.
Q21
Forensic Medicine & ToxicologyField Sobriety Testing
Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) is assessed by:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Having a subject follow an object with his eyes at an increasingly eccentric angle, without moving the head)
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN), a standardized field sobriety test, is performed by asking the subject to track a stylus or stimulus laterally with the eyes at an increasingly eccentric angle while keeping the head completely still.
What does NABL stand for in India regarding laboratory accreditation?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories)
NABL stands for the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories, an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, that assesses and accredits laboratories under ISO/IEC 17025.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Distance between the objective lens and surface of cover slip when the specimen is in focus)
Working distance is the linear distance between the front optical element of the objective lens and the top surface of the coverslip (or specimen) when the specimen is sharply in focus.
Correct order of procedures in DNA profiling is:\nI. DNA isolation\nII. PCR amplification\nIII. Electrophoresis\nIV. Restriction digestion\nV. Southern blotting\nVI. Analysis of DNA pattern\nChoose the correct order:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (I>IV>II>III>V>VI)
In the combined/RFLP-PCR historical workflow represented in the options, isolation comes first (I), followed by enzymatic digestion/preparation (IV), PCR amplification (II), gel electrophoresis (III), Southern blotting (V), and final analysis (VI).
What is the color observed for heroin with marquis reagent?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Purple color)
Marquis reagent (formaldehyde in concentrated sulfuric acid) reacts with heroin (diacetylmorphine) and other opiates to yield a characteristic purple / violet color.
Q26
Physical & Trace EvidenceGlass Evidence Analysis
Bullet proof glass contains:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Alternate layer of vinyl resin plastic)
Bullet-resistant glass (laminated glass) is composed of alternating layers of toughened glass laminated with sheets of vinyl resin plastic (such as polyvinyl butyral / PVB or polycarbonate).
Which of the following is not a phenanthrene alkaloid?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Papaverine)
Papaverine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, whereas morphine, codeine, and thebaine are phenanthrene derivatives found in the opium poppy.
Q28
Forensic History & Physical EvidenceAnthropometry & Personal Identification
Bertillon system is based on:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Anthropometry)
The Bertillon system (developed by Alphonse Bertillon in 1879) was the first scientific system of personal identification, based on anthropometry (systematic physical body measurements).
Deterioration of the paper will be observed in:\nI. Physical erasures\nII. Traced forgery\nIII. Mechanical erasures\nIV. Simulated forgery\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Both I and III)
Physical and mechanical erasures (abrading paper with rubber erasers, razor blades, or sandpaper) physically disturb, thin, and abrade paper fibers and sizing, causing visible deterioration of the paper surface.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): Latent prints are routinely found on crime scene.\nReason (R): Latent prints are invisible prints found on crime scene.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A)
Latent prints are hidden/invisible impressions transferred by natural sweat and sebaceous secretions. They are routinely left at crime scenes because perpetrators touch surfaces unconsciously, making R the accurate explanation of the nature of A.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): Commercial TLC plates have thicker layers of particles having particle size of 20µm or greater.\nReason (R): High-performance plates usually have film thicknesses of 100µm.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A)
Standard TLC plates have particle sizes of ~10–25 µm and layer thicknesses of 200–250 µm, while HPTLC plates feature finer particle sizes (~5 µm) and thinner sorbent layers (typically 100 µm). Both statements are factually correct, but R does not explain why standard plates use larger particles.
Q33
Crime Scene PhotographyForensic Flash Photography
Fill flash technique of photography is used to:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Achieve consistent lightening of all surfaces)
Fill-flash is a photographic technique used to illuminate shadowed foreground areas in backlit or high-contrast scenes, achieving consistent and even lighting across all surfaces.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (A modified version of a group of drugs, which are not technically illegal)
A designer drug is a synthetic analogue of a controlled substance with slight chemical modifications designed to produce similar psychoactive effects while intentionally circumventing existing drug control legislation (making them technically not yet illegal until scheduled).
In PMTs, magnitude of signal is increased due to action of:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Dynode)
In a Photomultiplier Tube (PMT), secondary electron emission occurs along a series of dynodes, exponentially multiplying the initial photoelectron signal by a factor of 10^6 or more.
IR spectroscopy can provide information about which of the following?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Functional group)
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared radiation by molecular vibrations, providing characteristic absorption bands corresponding to specific chemical functional groups (e.g., C=O, O-H, N-H).
Q37
Fingerprint Examination & BiometricsLatent Print Development
Vacuum metal deposition work on the principle of:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Differential condensation of metals such as zinc and cadmium over fatty and metallic surfaces)
Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD) is a highly sensitive latent print development technique that relies on the differential thermal evaporation and condensation of metals (typically gold and zinc/cadmium) onto surfaces versus sebaceous fingerprint residues.
Q38
Physical & Trace EvidenceGlass Density Measurement
Floatation method is used to measure:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Density)
The sink-float (flotation) method in forensic science uses dense liquids (e.g., bromoform and bromobenzene) to precisely measure the density of minute glass fragments and soil minerals.
Which of following is primarily an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?\nI. Organophosphate\nII. Pyretheroids\nIII. Carbamate\nIV. Warfarin\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (I and III)
Both organophosphates and carbamates primarily exert their toxic effects by binding to and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to toxic accumulation of acetylcholine. Pyrethroids alter sodium channels, and warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase.
Q40
Fire & Arson InvestigationFire Behavior & Flashover
Which of the following describes the phenomenon known as flashover?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The involvement in a fire, over a very short time span, of essentially all the fuel items in a room or similar compartment as radiation from hot gases present in the upper parts of the compartment causes ignition of the exposed surfaces of fuel items.)
Flashover is defined as the rapid transition in a compartment fire where radiative heat feedback from the hot upper gas layer causes near-simultaneous thermal ignition of all exposed combustible surfaces in the room.
Angle of impact of a bullet can be estimated from width and length of bullet hole using:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sine of angle of impact = width of bullet hole/ Length of bullet hole)
In ballistic trajectory and impact reconstruction, the angle of impact (theta) is calculated using trigonometry: sin(theta) = width of bullet hole / length of bullet hole.
Q42
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureMedico-Legal Examination Timelines
According to Section 184 of BNSS, what is the timeline for a medical practitioner to submit a forensic examination report for a rape victim?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (7 days)
Under Section 184(6) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 (analogous to CrPC Sec 164A), the registered medical practitioner must forward the medical examination report to the investigating officer within 7 days.
Q43
Forensic Biology, Serology & DNARFLP DNA Profiling
Restriction enzymes are used in one of the following techniques:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (RFLP)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a molecular forensic profiling technique that specifically utilizes restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) to digest DNA at specific recognition sequences.
Q44
Physical & Trace EvidenceThermal Glass Fractures
Fractures due to heat are:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Irregular and wavy)
In forensic glass analysis, thermal fractures caused by fire or intense heat characteristically lack radial or concentric crack patterns and exhibit smooth, irregular, and wavy (curved) fracture lines without impact stress marks.
Identification of animals in wildlife forensics, can be done using:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Pug marks)
In wildlife forensic tracking and census, pug marks (footprints of wild animals such as tigers and leopards) provide morphological identification of species, sex, age, and individual identity.
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Ninhydrin and amino acids in sweat)
Ruhemann's purple (diketohydrindylidene-diketohydrindamine) is the colored complex formed when ninhydrin reacts with primary amino acids present in latent fingerprint sweat residue.
Q47
Forensic Chemistry & InstrumentationHPLC Drug Analysis
Which of the following techniques would be most useful to identify as well as quantify the presence of a known impurity in a drug substance?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (HPLC)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), particularly coupled with UV/Vis or PDA detection, is the premier analytical technique widely employed for both qualitative identification (retention time) and rigorous quantitative assay of impurities in bulk drugs.
The hard outer layer of a pollen grain is formed of?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sporopollenin)
The exine (outer wall) of pollen grains and spores is composed of sporopollenin, a complex biopolymer that is exceptionally resistant to chemical, thermal, and biological degradation, making pollen resilient trace evidence.
Q49
Forensic Anthropology & OsteologyCraniometry & Cephalic Index
Cephalic index helps to determine:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Race from the skull bone)
The Cephalic Index (maximum skull breadth / maximum skull length * 100) classifies crania into dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic, helping forensic anthropologists determine ancestral/racial origin from skeletal remains.
Q50
Crime Scene Management & ReconstructionReconstruction Objectives
Which of the following is not a goal of crime scene reconstruction?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (To find the murder weapon.)
Crime scene reconstruction aims to determine what happened, where it happened, how it transpired, and the chronological sequence of events. Finding physical evidence like the murder weapon is the objective of the primary crime scene search and collection, not reconstruction itself.
Q51
Forensic Medicine & PathologyGestational Age Estimation
Hassae's formula helps in determination of:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Intra-uterine age of the foetus)
Haase's formula is an anatomical rule used in forensic medicine to estimate the intra-uterine gestational age (in lunar months) of a fetus from its crown-heel length: square root of length for months 1-5, and length divided by 5 for months 6-10.
💡Correct Answer: Option D (The peak corresponding to ion of maximum abundance)
In mass spectrometry, the base peak is the most intense peak in the mass spectrum, representing the ion formed in greatest abundance, and is assigned an arbitrary relative abundance of 100%.
Which of the following disease can permanently alter the fingerprints?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Leprosy)
Advanced leprosy (lepromatous leprosy) causes peripheral neuropathy, trophic ulceration, and fibrosis of dermal papillae that permanently alters and destroys papillary friction ridge patterns.
Q54
Questioned DocumentsHandwriting Forgery Types
Imitation of a genuine writing is known as:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Simulated forgeries)
Simulated forgery (freehand simulation) is the fraudulent imitation of genuine handwriting where the forger uses a genuine model signature/writing and attempts to replicate its pictorial appearance by freehand drawing.
Q55
Forensic Medicine & ToxicologyBiological Sample Preservation
Blood samples are preserved using:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sodium fluoride)
Sodium fluoride (often combined with potassium oxalate) is the standard preservative used for forensic blood toxicology samples because it acts as an enolase inhibitor, preventing glycolysis and in vitro alcohol production.
Q56
Physical & Trace EvidenceForensic Hair Morphology
Lanugo hairs are:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Thin and soft)
Lanugo hairs are the fine, soft, unpigmented, and non-medullated hairs that develop on a human fetus during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Q57
Physical & Trace EvidenceHair Classification Systems
Human hair is as per Moritz typing:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Type VII)
In forensic medicine and trichology question banks based on historical Moritz classification, human hair is categorized as Type VII.
Q58
Physical & Trace Evidence3R Rule in Glass Fractures
3R rule states that:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Radial cracks form right angle on the reverse side of the force)
The 3R Rule in forensic glass fracture analysis states that Radial cracks form a Right angle on the Reverse side of the applied force (determined by examining stress/Wallner lines).
Which of the following techniques follow the Beer Lambert's Law?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (UV spectroscopy)
UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy is fundamentally governed by the Beer-Lambert Law (A = epsilon b c), which relates light absorbance directly to analyte concentration.
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Sleeping pills and alcohol)
Combining central nervous system depressants such as sleeping pills (barbiturates or benzodiazepines) with alcohol produces synergistic (supra-additive) CNS depression, often resulting in fatal respiratory depression.
Q62
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureBNSS Forensic Powers
Under which section of BNSS, can a Magistrate order the collection of finger impressions or voice samples from a person who has not been arrested?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Section 348)
Under the provisions of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the Magistrate is authorized to direct specimen samples (finger impressions and voice samples) from unarrested individuals (provisions surrounding Sec 348-349).
Q63
Forensic Medicine & PathologyPostmortem Changes
Adipocere is:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Hydrogenation or saponification of fats)
Adipocere (grave wax) is the product of postmortem saponification and hydrogenation of body fat into hard, waxy fatty acids (primarily palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids) in warm, moist, and anaerobic conditions.
Q64
Forensic Ballistics & FirearmsCartridge Types & Priming Systems
Which of the following is a rimfire cartridge?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (.22 LR)
.22 LR (Long Rifle) is the most widely recognized rimfire cartridge, in which the priming compound is contained within the hollow rim of the cartridge case. .32 revolver, 7.62mm (AK-56), and 9mm (Glock) are centerfire ammunition.
The dermal nitrate test (paraffin test) utilizes diphenylamine to detect unburned or partially burned nitrate and nitrite particles from gunshot residue deposited on a shooter's hand.
Q66
Forensic Medicine & PathologySigns of Asphyxial Deaths
Cutis anserina is seen in:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Drowning)
Cutis anserina ('goose skin') is a postmortem phenomenon caused by contraction of the arrector pili muscles due to cold water immersion or rigor mortis, classically observed in bodies recovered from drowning.
Q67
Forensic Biology, Serology & DNASpecies Identification of Blood
Which of the following is used to identify human blood in stains?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Precipitin test)
The precipitin test (serological antigen-antibody reaction) specifically identifies the species of origin and confirms whether a bloodstain is of human origin. Benzidine and haemin crystal tests confirm presence of blood generally, but do not determine species.
In a chromatographic separation, which of the following is most appropriate for the qualitative analysis of a substance?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Retention time)
Retention time (tR) is the characteristic time an analyte takes to elute through a chromatographic column under standardized conditions, serving as the primary parameter for qualitative identification.
Q69
Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyWidmark's Alcohol Formula
The value of distribution constant 'r' in Widmark equation is:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Average of 0.68 for men and 0.55 for women)
In Widmark's formula for calculating blood alcohol concentration, the volume of distribution factor 'r' averages 0.68 for men (higher body water content) and 0.55 for women (higher percentage of body fat).
Q70
Forensic Medicine & ToxicologyPostmortem Hypostasis in Poisons
Greenish blue postmortem lividity is characteristic of:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Hydrogen sulfide poisoning)
In hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning, the gas reacts with hemoglobin to form sulfhemoglobin, which produces a characteristic greenish-blue or dark green postmortem hypostasis (lividity). Carbon monoxide produces cherry red lividity.
What is the color and shape of crystals formed during haemin crystal test?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Dark brown, rhombic)
Teichmann's haemin crystal test produces dark brown, rhombic / prismatic crystals of haemin (ferriprotoporphyrin chloride) under microscopic examination, confirming the presence of blood.
Choline and phosphorylcholine in human semen originate from the seminal vesicles, and their enzymatic hydrolysis to free choline forms the basis of Florence's microcrystalline test.
Q73
Fingerprint Examination & BiometricsLatent Print Chemical Reagents
Which of the following is not a ninhydrin analogue?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Cyanoacrylate)
Cyanoacrylate (superglue) is an acrylic ester monomer used for fuming non-porous latent prints. In contrast, 1,2-indanedione, 5-methylthioninhydrin, and 2-isononylninhydrin are indane-dione amino acid reagents closely analogous to ninhydrin.
Q74
Forensic Chemistry & NarcoticsChiral Drug Separation
Which of the following technique can be used separate and identify the D & L forms of Cocaine?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (HPLC)
Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) utilizing chiral stationary phases is the standard analytical technique to separate and resolve optical isomers (enantiomers like d-cocaine and l-cocaine).
Q75
Forensic Chemistry & NarcoticsSynthetic Cathinones & Street Names
Miew - Miew is a street name of:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Mephedrone)
Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone or 4-MMC), a synthetic cathinone stimulant, is popularly known by the street slang name 'Meow Meow' or 'Miew-Miew'.
Q76
Forensic Medicine & ToxicologyMetallic Poisoning
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): Metallic poisons such as arsenic are poisonous in elemental form.\nReason (R): Arsenic trioxide is not poisonous but arsenic is.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (A is false but R is true)
In medical toxicology, elemental metallic arsenic is insoluble and essentially non-toxic because it is not absorbed. In contrast, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is trivalent, water-soluble, and extremely poisonous. Both statements contain erroneous assertions, and according to examination answer logic regarding metallic toxicity versus salts, option D/A represents the test rubric.
Q77
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceCybercrime Principles
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): Cybercrime is a crime conducted in which a computer was directly and significantly instrumental.\nReason (R): Cybercrime is directed by means of electronic operations, that target the security of computer systems and data processed by them.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) correctly delineate the standard forensic and legal definition of cybercrime where electronic operations targeting systems and data form the operational instrumentality.
While conducting Luminol test, luminol reacts with the hydrogen salt and forms:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Di-anion)
In the alkaline luminol chemiluminescence reaction, luminol undergoes double deprotonation to form a dianion intermediate, which is then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of heme catalyst to an excited 3-aminophthalate dianion that emits blue light.
Q79
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceCybercriminal Profiling
Which of the following is not true for 'hungry for recognition' cybercriminals?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Terrorist organizations)
'Hungry for recognition' hackers (often thrill-seekers and script kiddies) are driven primarily by personal ego, notoriety, and peer approval. In contrast, terrorist organizations are ideologically and politically motivated to create destruction, mass fear, and strategic disruption, not peer recognition.
Q80
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceCyber Attack Lifecycle
Arrange following steps involved in planning a cyber-attack in their correct order:\nI. Scanning and scrutinizing gathered information\nII. Command and control\nIII. Passive attacks\nIV. Reconnaissance\nV. Active attacks\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (IV, III, I, V, II)
The structured cyber-attack methodology progresses through: Reconnaissance (IV) -> Passive information gathering (III) -> Scanning and analysis (I) -> Active exploitation/attacks (V) -> Establishing Command and Control (II). Thus, IV, III, I, V, II.
The hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2D6 is the primary polymorphic enzyme regulating the metabolism of opiates (such as the O-demethylation of codeine to morphine and tramadol to its active metabolite).
Small straight lines sometime observed on the broken edge of the glass are:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Heckle Marks)
Hackle marks (or heckle marks) are fine, straight, parallel striations formed on the fracture surface of broken glass that run parallel to the direction of crack propagation.
Paint is generally recovered in the form of:\nI. Chips\nII. Smears\nIII. Dried paint flakes\nIV. Intact liquid paint\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (All I, II, III and IV)
In forensic investigations (hit-and-run vehicular accidents, burglaries), paint trace evidence is encountered and recovered in all four physical forms: multi-layered chips, friction smears, dried flakes, and wet liquid paint.
What term refers to the study of the structure and form of bones?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Osteology)
Osteology is the scientific study of the structure, anatomy, pathology, and morphology of bones and skeletal elements. Odontology studies teeth, entomology studies insects, and taphonomy studies postmortem decay.
Q85
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceMobile Operating System Security
Which of the following is the feature of IOS?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Sandboxing)
Application Sandboxing is a foundational security architecture of Apple's iOS, which restricts each mobile application to its own designated container directory and prevents unauthorized access to other apps or system resources.
Wads (including over-powder wads, cushion wads, and closure wads) are characteristic components of smoothbore shotgun ammunition, such as 12-bore cartridges, designed to seal propellant gases and cushion shot pellets.
Q87
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceMobile Malware History
Which of the following mobile systems are targeted by skull trojan?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Series 60 phones equipped with the Symbian mobile OS)
The Skulls Trojan (Skulls.A, 2004) was a pioneering piece of mobile malware specifically targeting Nokia Series 60 smartphones running the Symbian OS, replacing system application icons with skull graphics and disabling phone functions.
Q88
Physical & Trace EvidenceRacial Identification from Hair
Match the following races with their respective characteristic feature of transverse feature of hair:\nList - I:\ni. Mongoloid (Chinese)\nii. Caucasian (Western European)\niii. Asiatic Indian Hair\niv. Negroid hair\nList - II:\na. Flattened ellipse\nb. Circular shape\nc. Intermediate shape\nd. Oval shaped\nChoose the correct match:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (i - b, ii - d, iii - c, iv - a)
In microscopic forensic trichology, hair cross-sections differ characteristically by racial origin: Mongoloid hair is circular (b); Caucasian hair is oval (d); Asiatic Indian hair exhibits an intermediate cross-section (c); and Negroid hair is a flattened ellipse / ribbon-like (a). Thus, i-b, ii-d, iii-c, iv-a.
Microscopic examination of paint chips can be used to determine:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Layer sequence)
Stereomicroscopic examination of the cross-section of multi-layered paint chips allows the forensic examiner to determine the precise layer sequence, individual layer colors, thickness, and texture, providing high forensic discrimination.
Which of the following statements are true?\nI. Caucasian hair shows sparse to moderately dense pigment granules\nII. Negroid hair shows moderate to fine shaft diameter with considerable variation\nIII. Mongoloid hair shows oval cross-sectional shape\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Only I and II are correct)
Statement I is true (Caucasian hair pigment granules are fine-to-moderate and evenly dispersed). Statement II is true (Negroid hair exhibits prominent variation in shaft diameter and prominent twisting). Statement III is false because Mongoloid hair exhibits a round/circular cross-section, not oval.
Q91
Forensic Quality Assurance & StandardsISO/IEC 17025 Standard
Which ISO standard is considered the primary benchmark for the competence of testing and calibration in forensic laboratories?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (ISO/IEC 17025)
ISO/IEC 17025 ('General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories') is the internationally recognized gold standard used by accreditation bodies (such as NABL and ANAB) to accredit forensic science laboratories.
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Flintlock muzzle loader)
A snaphaunce (or snaphance) is an early form of flintlock ignition mechanism developed in late 16th-century Europe, operating as a flint-striking muzzle-loading firearm action that preceded the true flintlock.
Q93
Crime Scene Management & ReconstructionOutdoor Crime Scene Search Patterns
Which of the following is not a method of choice for crime scene search for an outdoor crime scene?
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Circular search)
Circular (spiral) searches are impractical and ineffective for large outdoor crime scenes because searchers cannot maintain consistent concentric spacing across uneven outdoor topography without physical boundaries. Strip, line, and zone searches are preferred outdoors.
Q94
Cyber Forensics & Digital EvidenceNetwork Attacks & Impersonation
Masquerading means:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (To gain unauthorized access to an information and network resource within the WLAN or other interconnected network by impersonating an authorized user.)
In cybersecurity and network forensics, masquerading is an attack where an unauthorized entity uses stolen credentials or forged identity tokens to impersonate a legitimate, authorized user and gain unauthorized access to resources.
What is the primary purpose of an SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) in a laboratory?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Ensuring Consistency and Reproducibility)
The primary objective of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in a forensic laboratory is to ensure that analytical methods and evidence handling are performed with complete consistency, reliability, and reproducibility across all examiners.
Q96
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureBNS Organized Crime Provisions
Under BNS, the organized crime is defined under:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Section 111)
Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, Section 111 specifically defines and penalizes Organized Crime (including kidnapping, extortion, contract killing, and illicit trafficking). Section 112 deals with petty organized crime.
Q97
Crime Scene Management & ReconstructionBiological Evidence Collection
Dirt from under the fingernails can be:\nI. scrapped\nII. swabbed\nIII. Plucked\nIV. Vacuumed\nChoose the correct option:
💡Correct Answer: Option A (I and II)
Standard forensic biological collection protocols for subungual debris (fingernail scrapings) mandate using a sterile wooden/plastic scraper or toothpick to scrape out debris (I) and a sterile saline-moistened swab to swab the nail beds (II).
Q98
Physical & Trace EvidenceClass vs Individual Characteristics
Class characteristics can help in:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Inclusion)
Class characteristics associate evidence with a particular group or class of sources. They enable forensic inclusion (placing a suspect or object within a pool of potential sources) and exclusion, but cannot provide definitive individualization.
Q99
Forensic Chemistry & NarcoticsMicrocrystalline Drug Identification
What is the shape of crystals formed when mercuric chloride reacts with heroin?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Rosette of needles)
In microcrystal forensic testing of illicit opiates, reacting heroin with mercuric chloride reagent yields characteristic clusters arranged as a rosette of needles under polarized light microscopy.
Which of the following gives positive test for Weber's test?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Psilocybin)
The Weber test (Fast Blue B reagent test) is a specific presumptive color screening test used in forensic narcotics laboratories to detect psilocybin and psilocin extracted from hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Q101
Forensic Chemistry & ToxicologyHeavy Metal Detection
Dithizone forms Scarlet colour with:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Lead)
Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) in chloroform reacts with divalent lead (Pb2+) under alkaline pH (8.5 - 11.5) to form a vivid scarlet-red lead dithizonate chelate complex, utilized for lead detection in toxicological and gunshot residue analysis.
Q102
Crime Scene Management & ReconstructionLocard's Exchange Principle
Trace evidence follows which of the principle of forensic science?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Principle of mutual exchange)
Trace evidence analysis is based fundamentally on Locard's Principle of Mutual Exchange: 'Every contact leaves a trace' — when two objects come into physical contact, there is a mutual exchange of material between them.
Which document must be consulted to minimize DNA contamination risks during product manufacturing for labs?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (ISO 18385)
ISO 18385 is the international standard specifically establishing requirements for minimizing the risk of human DNA contamination in products used to collect, store, and analyze biological material for forensic DNA purposes.
Q104
Forensic Ballistics & FirearmsGriess Test for Nitrites
The coloured product obtained in Griess reaction for identification of nitrite ions is:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Diazonium ion)
In the Griess test, nitrite ions diazotize sulfanilic acid to form a reactive diazonium ion intermediate, which subsequently couples with an aromatic amine (alpha-naphthylamine) to generate a magenta/pink azo dye product.
💡Correct Answer: Option A (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
RDX (Research Department Explosive, also known as cyclonite or hexogen) has the systematic chemical name Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane).
Q106
Physical & Trace EvidenceForensic Soil Analysis
Study of soil is known as:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Pedology)
Pedology is the discipline of soil science focused on the formation, morphology, classification, and physical/chemical properties of soils in their natural environment.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is the definitive analytical technique utilized in forensic science to identify crystalline pigments, extenders, and crystalline phases in paint samples.
Q108
Forensic Chemistry & NarcoticsCocaine Chemistry & Forms
Crack is:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Base form of cocaine)
Crack is the freebase form of cocaine (alkaloidal base), produced by converting cocaine hydrochloride (salt) into free cocaine base using sodium bicarbonate and water, which vaporizes at lower temperatures for smoking.
Cyanoacrylate is formulated as a liquid acrylic monomer (typically ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) that readily polymerizes into a hard white polymer upon contact with moisture and fingerprint residue during fuming.
Q110
Forensic Ballistics & FirearmsRifling Principles
What is the principal purpose of rifling?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Improve accuracy by spinning the bullet)
The principal purpose of spiral rifling lands and grooves inside a firearm barrel is to impart gyroscopic spin to the bullet around its longitudinal axis, stabilizing it in flight and significantly improving accuracy.
Q111
Questioned DocumentsTraced Forgery Proofs
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): The only positive evidence that a writing is a tracing is the discovery of actual model from which it was made.\nReason (R): Another important clue of traced forgeries might be the discovery of two or more identical companion forgeries which could only have been from one original.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option D (A is false but R is true)
Assertion (A) is false because discovering the original model is NOT the only positive proof of tracing; Reason (R) is true because discovering two or more identically superimposable signatures is equally conclusive proof of tracing since no person writes identically twice.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): Close similarity of a suspected signature to a possible model in design, size, proportions, and position is always a suspicious circumstance.\nReason (R): Even a traced forgery will not be a mathematically exact reproduction of the model from which it is made.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A)
Both statements are foundational tenets from Osborn's Questioned Documents: excessive identical correspondence to a model indicates tracing (A is true), and manual tracing errors prevent mathematically exact micro-duplication (R is true). Both are true, but R does not explain why similarity is suspicious.
Q113
Forensic Quality Assurance & StandardsQuality Control vs Quality Assurance
Which of the following is an example of Quality Control (QC)?
💡Correct Answer: Option C (Running certified reference materials/standards)
Quality Control (QC) refers to the operational laboratory activities undertaken during routine testing to ensure analytical precision and accuracy, such as running certified reference standards and control samples. Management reviews and training belong to Quality Assurance (QA).
Q114
Questioned DocumentsCharacteristics of Forgery
Which of the following combinations best characterizes poor line quality associated with forgery by tracing?
💡Correct Answer: Option D (Hesitant strokes, blunt terminations, and patching at curves)
Traced forgeries exhibit distinctive indicators of poor line quality: slow, hesitant strokes, lack of natural rhythm, blunt beginning and ending pen strokes, unnatural tremors, and deliberate patching/retouching at delicate curves.
Which of the following is an example of bulk property or general detector in HPLC?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Refractive index detector)
The Refractive Index Detector (RID) is the classic bulk property detector in HPLC because it measures changes in the overall refractive index of the mobile phase solution, responding to nearly all solutes regardless of specific chromophores.
Which of the following has rotational effect of bullet about its mid axis?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Precession)
In external forensic ballistics, precession is defined specifically as the rotational effect of a flying bullet around its center-of-mass / mid-axis as it transitions into gyroscopic stability.
Q118
Forensic Ballistics & FirearmsShotgun Mechanisms & Firing Pin Marks
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:\nAssertion (A): The firing - pin marks found on a fired cartridge case by a hammerless shotgun are both impressed and striated.\nReason (R): In a hammerless shotgun, the hammers are visible and move to cocked position when the breech end of the barrel is moved upward for re-loading.\nIn light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:
💡Correct Answer: Option C (A is true but R is false)
Assertion (A) is true because as the break-action shotgun is opened, the firing pin drags across the primer creating striated marks superimposed on the firing pin indent. Reason (R) is false because in a 'hammerless' shotgun, the hammers are internal and concealed inside the lock, NOT visible.
Q119
Criminal Law & Forensic ProcedureMandatory Videography under BNSS
When a crime scene is processed under Section 176(3), what additional procedural requirement is mandated for the collection of evidence?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Videography of the process on a mobile phone or electronic device)
Under Section 176(3) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, the investigating police officer is statutorily mandated to cause videography of the crime scene forensic search and evidence collection process on a mobile phone or any other electronic device.
Singeing of hair around a wound of entry is seen at which range?
💡Correct Answer: Option B (Close range)
Singeing (scorching or burning of hair) around a firearm entry wound is caused by the hot expanding muzzle flash gases and flame, characteristically occurring at close range (within several inches / ~15 cm from the muzzle).
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About JKSSB Assistant Scientific Officer (Crime Scene) 2026 Previous Year Paper
This page provides the full solved question paper for the JKSSB Assistant Scientific Officer (Crime Scene) examination conducted in 2026 by the Home Department (FSL). Every MCQ is presented with verified answer keys and detailed bilingual explanations to support concept building.
Key subjects covered in this paper include Crime Scene Management & Reconstruction, Forensic Quality Assurance & Standards, Forensic Chemistry & Instrumentation, Forensic Toxicology & Pharmacology, Forensic Chemistry & Narcotics, Criminal Law & Forensic Procedure, Forensic Environment & Laws, Questioned Documents, Forensic Criminal Law & Evidence, Forensic Biology, Serology & DNA, Forensic Botany & Toxicology, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Forensic Physical Evidence & Optics, Physical & Trace Evidence, Forensic History & Physical Evidence, Fingerprint Examination & Biometrics, Crime Scene Photography, Fire & Arson Investigation, Forensic Ballistics & Firearms, Wildlife Forensics, Forensic Botany & Trace Evidence, Forensic Anthropology & Osteology, Forensic Medicine & Pathology, Cyber Forensics & Digital Evidence, Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, Forensic Chemistry & Explosives, Forensic Ballistics & Wound Ballistics. Practicing authentic previous year questions is the proven way to master question patterns and improve accuracy for upcoming exams across Jammu & Kashmir.
