Question 1

Which section of IT Act, 2000, deals with the punishment for cheating by imprisonment by using computer resource?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Section 66 D. Section 66D of the IT Act, 2000, provides punishment for cheating by personation by using a computer resource, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees.

Question 2

The length of address in IPv6 is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 128 bits. An IPv6 address has a length of 128 bits, providing a vastly larger address space compared to the 32-bit address space of IPv4.

Question 3

Which of the following SQL statements is used to drop a trigger from SQLite?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: DROP TRIGGER. The standard SQL syntax to delete a trigger in SQLite is: `DROP TRIGGER trigger_name;`.

Question 4

What is the general length of the IMEI number?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 15 digits. An IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number is a unique 15-digit number used to identify 3GPP and iDEN mobile phones.

Question 5

Which among the following characteristics are correct about cyberstalking?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Use of internet or electronics to stalk or harass individual or any group. Cyberstalking is specifically defined as the use of the Internet, email, or other electronic communication devices to stalk or harass another person.

Question 6

What are the means used for stalking by a cyber stalker?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Emails, messages, phone calls air drop etc.. A cyberstalker uses electronic communication channels like emails, direct messages, social media, phone calls, and filesharing/airdrop to harass victims.

Question 7

SHA-512, the message is divided into blocks of size _____ bits for the hash computation.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 1024. In the SHA-512 cryptographic hash function, the input message is processed in blocks of 1024 bits each (whereas SHA-256 uses 512-bit blocks).

Question 8

When a hash function is used to provide message authentication, the hash function value is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Message Digest. The output value generated by a cryptographic hash function is standardly referred to as a Message Digest, Hash Value, or Digital Fingerprint.

Question 9

Digital Signatures authenticates the sender by appending the original message with the _____ digest.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Encrypted message. A digital signature authenticates the sender by signing (encrypting with private key) the message digest, and appending this encrypted digest to the original message.

Question 10

_____ is a popular tool to block social-media websites to track your browsing activities.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Blur. Blur (Abine Blur) is a well-known privacy tool and browser extension designed to block social media trackers, block ads, and mask user details.

Question 11

Part of the social media sites are the various games & third-party applications which helps _____ to get access to your data.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Cyber-criminals. Malicious games and third-party apps on social networks are frequently deployed by cyber-criminals to harvest user profile data and spread malware.

Question 12

Many social media sites and services provide _____ for legitimate account verification.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 2-step verification. Two-step (or two-factor) verification is standardly provided by social media services to authenticate the identity of the legitimate account holder during logins.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a VPN protocol?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: SLIP. SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) is an older encapsulation protocol for serial ports, not a Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocol. PPTP, L2F, and IPSec are VPN tunneling protocols.

Question 14

In public key cryptosystem which is kept as public?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Encryption keys. In a standard public key encryption system (for confidentiality), the encryption key (public key) is published, while the decryption key (private key) is kept secret.

Question 15

AES can decrypt the data in blocks of _____ bits each?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 128. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) has a fixed block size of 128 bits for both encryption and decryption, regardless of the key size (which can be 128, 192, or 256 bits).

Question 16

On which of the following term does AES performs computation?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Bytes. AES is a byte-oriented cipher; it represents blocks internally as a 4x4 matrix of bytes (called the State) and performs mathematical computations on bytes.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes F distributions?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Valid for all real values. The F-distribution is a continuous distribution (defined for positive real values, i.e. x >= 0). Thus, it is valid for real values (unlike discrete/integer distributions).

Question 18

A population has a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 7. A sample of 49 observations will be taken. The probability that the sample mean will be larger than 82 is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 0.0228. Standard error = 7 / sqrt(49) = 1. The Z-score for sample mean 82 = (82 - 80) / 1 = 2. P(X > 82) = P(Z > 2) = 1 - 0.9772 = 0.0228.

Question 19

The mean of 11 number is 7 if one of the numbers, 7 is deleted, what will be the mean of remaining 10 number?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 7.0. Sum of 11 numbers = 11 * 7 = 77. If 7 is deleted, new sum = 77 - 7 = 70. New mean of 10 numbers = 70 / 10 = 7.0.

Question 20

What is the variance of a constant 'x'?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 0. The variance measures dispersion. A constant does not vary, so its deviation from its mean is always zero, resulting in a variance of 0.

Question 21

Which is the Act which provides legal framework for e-Governance in India?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: IT Act 2000. The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000) provides the legal framework for e-governance in India by validating digital signatures and electronic records.

Question 22

Under which section of information technology act of 2000, updated in 2008, stealing any digital asset or information is considered as cybercrime?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 65. Section 65 of the IT Act, 2000, deals with 'Tampering with computer source documents', making it an offense to conceal, destroy, alter, or steal computer source codes.

Question 23

Which section of Reserve Bank of India has been amended after the commencement of information technology act 2000 to include electronic fund transfer services like NEFT, RTGS etc?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Section 58 (2). Section 58(2) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, was amended by the IT Act, 2000, to authorize regulations for electronic fund transfers.

Question 24

Typically, _____ can receive application data from any application layer protocol, but the protocol is normally HTTP.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Both A & B. Both SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) reside at the transport/session layer and can secure any application-layer protocol, although HTTP is the most common use case (resulting in HTTPS).

Question 25

Find the median of 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 6, 4.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 4. Sort the data: 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6. The middle (4th) value in this 7-item sorted list is 4. Thus, the median is 4.

Question 26

One security protocol for the e-mail system is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: PGP. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is an email encryption protocol that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication. SSL/TLS are general transport protocols, and IPSec operates at the network layer.

Question 27

In an RSA system, if the user chooses both prime number as p=59, q=61, then what is the value of n?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 3599. In the RSA cryptosystem, the modulus n is the product of the two prime numbers: n = p * q = 59 * 61 = 3599.

Question 28

In RSA, phi(n) = _____ in terms of p and q.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: (p-1)*(q-1). In RSA, Euler's totient function phi(n) represents the number of positive integers up to n that are relatively prime to n, and is computed as phi(n) = (p - 1) * (q - 1).

Question 29

What is data encryption standard (DES)?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Block cipher. DES (Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric block cipher that processes plaintext data in fixed-size blocks of 64 bits.

Question 30

In asymmetric key cryptography, the private key is kept by

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Receiver. In asymmetric (public key) cryptography, the public key is shared widely, while the corresponding private key must be kept secret exclusively by the receiver to decrypt messages.

Question 31

PDU stands for

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Protocol data unit. PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit, which represents a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities of a computer network (e.g. segments in TCP, packets in IP, frames in Ethernet).

Question 32

SSL provides

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: All the above. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) provides confidentiality (via symmetric encryption), integrity (via Message Authentication Codes/HMAC), and also supports data compression.

Question 33

Which of the following explains the nature of Cookies?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Transient. In standard computer network contexts, cookies are described as transient (temporary) because session cookies expire when the browser is closed, and even persistent cookies have a set expiration time.

Question 34

If 35 is removed from the data, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 then the median increased by

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 0.5. For 8 sorted numbers, Median = (36 + 37)/2 = 36.5. If 35 is removed, remaining 7 numbers have 4th value = 37. Median increase = 37 - 36.5 = 0.5.

Question 35

In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a total of 10 or 11?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 5/36. Total outcomes = 36. Favorable outcomes for 10 are (4,6), (5,5), (6,4) [3 outcomes]. Favorable outcomes for 11 are (5,6), (6,5) [2 outcomes]. Total favorable outcomes = 5. Probability = 5/36.

Question 36

Two unbiased coins are tossed. What's the probability of having access to at most one head?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 3/4. Outcomes are HH, HT, TH, TT (4 outcomes). 'At most one head' means 0 or 1 head. Favorable outcomes are HT, TH, TT (3 outcomes). Probability = 3/4.

Question 37

IP P(A U B)=7/12 P(A)=1/3, are for two independent events A and B, then P(B) is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 3/8. P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A)*P(B) since A and B are independent. 7/12 = 1/3 + P(B) - P(B)/3 => 3/12 = 2/3 * P(B) => P(B) = (3/12) * (3/2) = 9/24 = 3/8.

Question 38

The relation between mean, median and mode in a moderately skewed distribution is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 3 Median = 2 Mean + Mode. The empirical relationship for moderately skewed distributions is: Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean, which can be rearranged as 3 Median = 2 Mean + Mode.

Question 39

VMWare Workstation is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Virtualization Application. VMWare Workstation is a Type-2 hypervisor, which runs as a virtualization software application on top of a host operating system.

Question 40

Which of the following is another name for a system virtual machine?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Hardware Virtual Machine. A system virtual machine simulates a complete hardware platform to execute an entire guest operating system. Hence, it is also called a Hardware Virtual Machine.

Question 41

Message _____ means that the data must arrive at the receiver exactly as sent.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Integrity. Message integrity ensures that the transmitted data remains unaltered, accurate, and complete during transit from the sender to the receiver.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a hash functions?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: DES. DES (Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric block cipher algorithm, not a cryptographic hash function. MD5, Whirlpool, and SHA-512 are cryptographic hash functions.

Question 43

MD5 is widely used hash function for producing hash value of _____ bits.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 128. MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) produces a fixed-size cryptographic hash value of 128 bits (represented as a 32-character hexadecimal number).

Question 44

Which of the following is a Boolean cookie attribute?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Secure. 'Secure' is a Boolean attribute (flag) for cookies. When set, it restricts the transmission of the cookie to secure (HTTPS) connections only.

Question 45

Convert the given binary notation IP address to dotted-decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 128.11.3.31. Converting each 8-bit binary octet to decimal: 10000000 = 128, 00001011 = 11, 00000011 = 3, 00011111 = 31. Thus, the address is 128.11.3.31.

Question 46

Which one of the following is not an application of hash function?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Key wrapping. Key wrapping uses symmetric encryption to wrap/protect cryptographic keys. Hash functions are extensively applied in one-way password storage, file integrity checking for virus detection, and intrusion detection (generating alerts for modified files).

Question 47

Blowfish encrypts blocks of plaintext which have size

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 64 bits. Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier that encrypts data in fixed-size blocks of 64 bits.

Question 48

Identify the service which is used to translate a domain name to IP address.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: DNS. DNS (Domain Name System) is the hierarchical and decentralized naming system used to resolve human-readable hostnames into numeric IP addresses.

Question 49

Identify the command which is used to create Linux File systems.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: mkfs. The `mkfs` (make filesystem) command in Linux is used to build a specific filesystem (like ext4) on a partition or storage device.

Question 50

LILO stands for

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Linux loader. LILO stands for Linux Loader, which was the standard, simple boot loader used for Linux systems before GRUB became popular.

Question 51

Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: cat. The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).

Question 52

Which Linux command is used to see all the hidden files?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: ls-a. In Linux, running `ls -a` (list all) displays all files and directories in the directory, including hidden files (those starting with a dot).

Question 53

ECC stands for _____ in public key cryptography

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Elliptic curve cryptography. ECC stands for Elliptic Curve Cryptography, an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields, offering smaller keys with equivalent security to RSA.

Question 54

Identify among the following which is mainly used to host web site.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Web server. A web server is a software and hardware system designed to store, process, and deliver website pages to clients over the HTTP/HTTPS protocols.

Question 55

Abbreviation of DNS is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Domain Name System. DNS stands for Domain Name System, which translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses.

Question 56

HTTPS is stand for

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which is HTTP layered over TLS or SSL to provide encrypted, authenticated network communication.

Question 57

Identify the first network which was based on TCP/IP protocol.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: ARPANET. ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) adopted the TCP/IP protocol suite on January 1, 1983, becoming the first network to operate on TCP/IP.

Question 58

What is the length of the IPv4 address?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 32 bits. An IPv4 address is composed of 32 bits, typically represented in dotted-decimal format (four 8-bit octets separated by decimals).

Question 59

The arrangement where all data pass through a central computer is known as

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Star topology. In a Star topology, all network nodes are connected to a central hub, switch, or computer, through which all data transmissions must pass.

Question 60

Choose among the following which is a bit-oriented protocol.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: HDLC. HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol. SSL, HTTP, and HTTPS are character/byte-oriented application/transport protocols.

Question 61

What is a proxy server also known as?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Application-level gateway. An application-level gateway (or application proxy) acts as a proxy server to filter incoming/outgoing traffic at the application layer of the OSI model.

Question 62

What is routing algorithm used by OSPF routing protocol?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: Link state. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a Link-State routing protocol that uses the link-state routing algorithm (Dijkstra's SPF algorithm) to find the shortest path.

Question 63

What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address 200.10.5.68/28?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 200.10.5.64. A /28 prefix corresponds to subnet mask 255.255.255.240. Binary bitwise AND of host octet 68 (01000100) and mask 240 (11110000) gives 64 (01000000). Thus, the subnet address is 200.10.5.64.

Question 64

To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you ping?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is: 127.0.0.1. The IP address 127.0.0.1 is the standard loopback address reserved to test the TCP/IP protocol stack on the local host.

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