Reasoning & Mental AbilityGeneral Intelligence & Reasoning

Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking

Spatial navigation and shortest distance calculations using Pythagoras theorem, and linear/circular ranking and ordering problems.

SOLVED MCQS
1003
PAPERS APPEARED
120 / 122
FREQUENCY RATE
98%
AVG / EXAM
8.4
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📝 Solved Questions on Direction Sense, Distance & Order/Ranking (1003)

Start Timed Test (1003 Qs)Self-Paced Practice
1📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Arrange the following Indian states in order from North to South:

- a. Himachal Pradesh
- b. Tamil Nadu
- c. Telangana
- d. Madhya Pradesh
Explanation
Geographical arrangement from North to South is: Himachal Pradesh (a), Madhya Pradesh (d), Telangana (c), and Tamil Nadu (b). This corresponds to sequence a, d, c, b.
شمال سے جنوب کی جغرافیائی ترتیب ہے: ہماچل پردیش (a)، مدھیہ پردیش (d)، تلنگانہ (c)، اور تمل ناڈو (b)۔ یعنی 'a, d, c, b'۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
2📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
In which tourist place is the Kolahoi glacier located?
Explanation
Kolahoi Glacier is a valley glacier located in the northwestern Himalayan Range, approximately 26 km north of Pahalgam.
کولاہوئی گلیشیئر (Kolahoi glacier) جموں و کشمیر کے مشہور سیاحتی مقام پہلگام (Pahalgam) کے قریب واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
3📚General EnglishArticles
Fill in the blank with a suitable article:

The Sun rises in the east and sets in ___ west.
Explanation
Directions (east, west, north, south) take the definite article 'the' when preceded by a preposition. Therefore, 'sets in the west'.
جغرافیائی سمتوں (directions) جیسے مشرق، مغرب، وغیرہ سے پہلے ہمیشہ ڈیفینیٹ آرٹیکل 'the' لگایا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
4📚Statistics & MathematicsVectors
The unit vector having the opposite direction of the vector (1,-1) is:
Explanation
Vector v⃗=(1,−1)\vec{v} = (1, -1). Magnitude =12+(−1)2=2= \sqrt{1^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{2}. The unit vector in the same direction is 12(1,−1)\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1). The unit vector in the opposite direction is obtained by multiplying with -1, which is −12(1,−1)\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1, -1).
حل: ویکٹر کا حجم (magnitude) 2\sqrt{2} ہے۔ الٹی سمت میں یونٹ ویکٹر معلوم کرنے کے لیے اسے منفی سے ضرب دیں گے، جس سے −12(1,−1)\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}(1,-1) حاصل ہوگا۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
5🔬General SciencePhysics
The thrust on a rocket is in:
Explanation
According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, the downward ejection of exhaust gases (action) creates an equal and opposite upward reaction force (thrust) on the rocket, which acts in the same direction as the rocket's motion.
نیوٹن کے حرکت کے تیسرے قانون کے مطابق، گیسوں کا نیچے کی طرف اخراج راکٹ پر اوپر کی طرف قوت پیدا کرتا ہے، جو راکٹ کی حرکت کی سمت (same direction) میں ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
6📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Match the following:

List-I
i. Microns
ii. Angstroms
iii. Fermi
iv. Kilometers

List-II
a. Distance between earth and moon.
b. Inter atomic distance in a solid
c. Size of nucleus.
d. Wavelength of infrared laser.
Explanation
The correct matching of length scales is: Microns corresponds to infrared laser wavelength (i-d); Angstroms corresponds to inter-atomic distances (ii-b); Fermi corresponds to nuclear size (iii-c); Kilometers corresponds to Earth-Moon distance (iv-a).
صحیح جوڑ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں: مائیکرون (Microns) -> انفرا ریڈ لیزر طول موج (i-d)؛ اینگسٹرام (Angstroms) -> جوہروں کے درمیان فاصلہ (ii-b)؛ فرمی (Fermi) -> نیوکلیئس کا سائز (iii-c)؛ کلومیٹر -> زمین اور چاند کا فاصلہ (iv-a)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
7📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
A plane travelling north at 200m/s turns and then travels south at 200m/s. The change in its velocity is:
Explanation
Initial velocity = 200 m/s North. Final velocity = 200 m/s South (which is -200 m/s North). Change in velocity = Final - Initial = -200 - 200 = -400 m/s North, which is equal to 400 m/s South.
رفتار میں تبدیلی = آخری رفتار - ابتدائی رفتار۔ چونکہ سمت بدل گئی ہے: -200 - 200 = -400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ شمال، یعنی 400 میٹر فی سیکنڈ جنوب۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
8📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Which of the following situations are possible?

i. A body having velocity east and acceleration west.
ii. A body having constant velocity and variable acceleration.
iii. A body having zero velocity and non-zero acceleration.
Explanation
Situation (i) is possible (e.g. decelerating vehicle moving East). Situation (iii) is possible (e.g. a ball at the top of its flight has zero velocity but non-zero gravitational acceleration). Situation (ii) is impossible because constant velocity implies acceleration must be strictly zero.
صورتحال (i) ممکن ہے (بریک لگانے پر گاڑی مشرق جا رہی ہو اور اسراع مغرب ہو)۔ صورتحال (iii) بھی ممکن ہے (مثلاً ہوا میں اوپر پھینکی گئی گیند جو اپنی زیادہ سے زیادہ بلندی پر رکتی ہے لیکن کشش ثقل کا اسراع جاری رہتا ہے)۔ صورتحال (ii) ناممکن ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
9📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Charge is distributed uniformly along a long straight wire. The electric field at 2cm from the wire is 20 newton/coulomb. The electric field at 4cm from the wire is:
Explanation
For an infinite line charge, the electric field (E) is inversely proportional to distance (r) from the wire: E = λ / (2πε₀r). As distance doubles (from 2cm to 4cm), the electric field halves (from 20 N/C to 10 N/C).
سیدھی برقی تار کی وجہ سے برقی میدان (E) فاصلے (r) کے معکوس متناسب ہوتا ہے۔ جب فاصلہ دوگنا ہو جاتا ہے (2cm سے 4cm) تو برقی میدان آدھا رہ جائے گا (20 N/C سے 10 N/C)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
10📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Match the following:

List-I
i. Biot-Savart Law
ii. Fleming's Left-hand rule
iii. Fleming's Right-hand rule
iv. Right hand thumb rule

List-II
a. Direction of induced current.
b. Direction of magnetic lines due to current.
c. Direction of force due to magnetic induction
d. Magnitude and direction of magnetic induction
Explanation
The correct matches are: Biot-Savart Law gives magnitude/direction of magnetic induction (i-d); Fleming's Left-hand rule gives the direction of force on a current in a magnetic field (ii-c); Fleming's Right-hand rule gives the direction of induced current (iii-a); Right hand thumb rule gives the direction of magnetic lines (iv-b).
صحیح جوڑ یہ ہیں: بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون (i-d) -> برق مقناطیسی انڈکشن کی طاقت؛ فلیمنگ کا بائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (ii-c) -> قوت کی سمت؛ فلیمنگ کا دائیں ہاتھ کا اصول (iii-a) -> انڈیوسڈ کرنٹ کی سمت؛ دائیں ہاتھ کے انگوٹھے کا اصول (iv-b) -> مقناطیسی لہروں کی سمت۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
11📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
If "r" is the distance of a moving charge, the magnitude of magnetic field produced by the charge is proportional to:
Explanation
According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) from the charge (B ∝ 1/r²).
بائیوٹ ساورٹ قانون کے مطابق، متحرک چارج سے پیدا ہونے والے مقناطیسی میدان کی طاقت فاصلے (r) کے مربع کے معکوس متناسب ہوتی ہے (B ∝ 1/r²)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
12📚Electromagnetism & OpticsPhysics
Two electrons travelling with same speed. The magnetic field is zero at the mid-point between them. This means,
Explanation
By the right-hand rule, when two negative charges (electrons) travel at equal speed along parallel lines in the same direction, the magnetic fields they produce at the exact midpoint are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, cancelling each other out to zero.
جب دو الیکٹران مساوی رفتار سے متوازی لکیروں پر ایک ہی سمت (same direction) میں سفر کرتے ہیں، تو دائیں ہاتھ کے اصول کے مطابق ان کے بالکل درمیانی نقطے پر مقناطیسی میدان برابر اور مخالف سمت میں ہو کر صفر ہو جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
13📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationWound Ballistics
The range which commences beyond the limit of flame zone and extends up to the distance to which the gunpowder residues could be projected in the area surrounding the wound of entrance is
Explanation
The 'Near range' (or close range) is the zone beyond the burning flame where unburnt/semi-burnt gunpowder particles are projected, creating powder tattooing (stippling) on the skin.
وہ فاصلہ جو شعلے کے زون سے آگے ہوتا ہے لیکن وہاں تک گولی کے بارود کے ذرات (tattooing) جلد پر نشان چھوڑ سکتے ہیں، اسے نیئر رینج (Near range) یا قریب کا فاصلہ کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
14📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeRifling
Degree of twist in case of rifling is called as
Explanation
The pitch of rifling is the distance inside the barrel over which the lands and grooves make one complete helical turn (360 degrees rotation).
نالی کے اندر چور یا لکیروں کے ایک مکمل چکر (360 ڈگری) کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو رائفلنگ کا پچ (Pitch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
15📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeExternal Ballistics
Air resistance affects least to
Explanation
Boat-tailed bullets have a tapered base that reduces base drag and turbulence, experiencing the least overall air resistance compared to flat-base or round-nose designs.
بوٹ ٹیلڈ گولیاں (Boat tailed bullets) کا عقبی حصہ پتلا ہوتا ہے جو ہوا کے پیچھے بننے والے ویکیوم کو کم کرتا ہے، اس لیے ان پر ہوا کی رکاوٹ سب سے کم اثر کرتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
16📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeTrajectory
The angle between the direction of motion of projectile and central axis of projectile is called as
Explanation
Yaw is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the projectile and its actual vector of travel.
گولی کے طولی محور (longitudinal axis) اور اس کی حقیقی پرواز کی سمت کے درمیان بننے والے زاویے کو یاؤ (Yaw) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
17📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeBallistics
The distance up to which a shooter can take aim and make a kill is called as
Explanation
Effective range is the maximum distance at which a shooter can reasonably expect to hit and disable/kill a target using the weapon system.
وہ زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ جہاں تک ایک نشانہ باز درست نشانہ لگا کر ہدف کو ختم کر سکتا ہے، مؤثر رینج (Effective range) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
18📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following is a measurement technique used to sketch a crime scene?
Explanation
Polar coordinates is a mapping method using distance and angles from a single reference point to locate evidence.
پولر کوآرڈینیٹس (Polar coordinates) جائے وقوعہ کا خاکہ بنانے کے لیے پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ ہے جس میں ایک ہی حوالے کے نقطے سے فاصلہ اور زاویہ ناپا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
19📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesForensic Entomology
Arrange the sequence of steps you will perform as a forensic entomologist in an outdoor crime scene:

i. Collection of live adult flies
ii. Collection of soil temperatures under the body after its removal
iii. Photography, notations of the overall crime scene from a safe distance
iv. Collection of insects on the body
Explanation
First photograph the scene (iii), catch flying adult insects before they disperse (i), collect crawling insects/maggots from the remains (iv), and lastly collect soil temperatures beneath the body once it is moved (ii).
صحیح ترتیب: جائے وقوعہ کی دور سے تصویر کشی (iii) -> اڑنے والے کیڑوں کو پکڑنا (i) -> لاش پر موجود رینگنے والے کیڑے جمع کرنا (iv) -> لاش ہٹانے کے بعد مٹی کا درجہ حرارت لینا (ii)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
20📚DNA Profiling & PCR TechniquesSerology
Which of the following is a primary binding assay?
Explanation
Western blotting directly detects the primary binding between an antigen and a labeled antibody, whereas others are secondary assays depending on precipitation or agglutination.
ویسٹرن بلاٹنگ (Western blotting) ایک پرائمری بائنڈنگ ٹیسٹ ہے جو براہِ راست پروٹین اور اینٹی باڈی کے ملاپ کا پتہ لگاتا ہے۔
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21📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Date, location and scale are the important components of
Explanation
Date, location, and scale (along with direction and legend) are essential components of a Crime Scene Sketch.
تاریخ، مقام اور اسکیل (پیمانہ) کرائم سین کے خاکے (Crime scene sketch) کے اہم اور لازمی اجزاء ہیں۔
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22📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsError Analysis
The error caused by poor calibration of the instrument is called
Explanation
Systematic errors are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction, often caused by poorly calibrated instruments or flawed experimental design.
آلات کی ناقص کیلیبریشن یا خرابی کی وجہ سے ہونے والی غلطیوں کو سسٹمیٹک ایرر (Systematic Error) کہتے ہیں، جو ہر بار ایک ہی سمت میں دہرائی جاتی ہیں۔
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23📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyCoal Chemistry
What type of coal has the lowest content of carbon?
Explanation
Lignite (often called brown coal) has the lowest carbon content (about 25-35%), whereas Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%).
لگنائٹ (Lignite) کوئلے کی وہ قسم ہے جس میں کاربن کی مقدار سب سے کم (تقریباً 25 سے 35 فیصد) ہوتی ہے، اسے براؤن کوئلہ بھی کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
24📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyPetroleum Products
What is the lowest temperature at which the volatile liquid will burn and continue to without the help of any external source?
Explanation
The Fire Point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid fuel produces enough vapor to continue burning for at least 5 seconds after ignition by a pilot flame.
وہ کم سے کم درجہ حرارت جس پر کوئی سالونٹ یا ایندھن مسلسل جلتا رہتا ہے (بغیر کسی بیرونی شعلے کے مسلسل جلنے کا عمل)، اسے فائر پوائنٹ (Fire Point) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
25📚General Knowledge & Analytical ChemistryLasers
Laser is a type of light source which has the unique characteristics of
Explanation
Laser light possesses high monochromaticity (single wavelength), directionality (narrow beam), and coherence/penetration power.
لیزر (Laser) روشنی کی ایک ایسی شعاع ہے جس میں یک رنگی (monochromaticity)، ایک سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور نفوذ پذیری (penetration) کی منفرد خصوصیات ہوتی ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
26📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityLinux Commands
Which of the following commands is used to display and create files?
Explanation
The `cat` command (short for concatenate) in Unix-like systems is commonly used to display file content, merge files, or create new files using redirection operators (e.g. `cat > file.txt`).
لینکس میں فائلوں کو دکھانے اور بنانے کے لیے 'cat' کمانڈ کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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27📚Biochemistry & Human PhysiologyCriminology
A serial offender is suspected of victimizing young teenage girls by mutilating their breasts. What will be the signature/style by which the culprit is killing his victims be called?
Explanation
The method of committing a crime is called Modus Operandi (M.O.). While mutilation is a psychological signature, of the choices provided, 'Modus operandi' is the only valid legal/criminological term matching criminal behavioral patterns.
کسی مجرم کے جرم کرنے کے مخصوص طریقے یا اسٹائل کو قانونی اصطلاح میں موڈس آپرینڈی (Modus operandi) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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28📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyDNA Profiling
In STR genotyping results for multiple contributors, four peaks were obtained on a single locus for a sample. What is your most probable conclusion?
Explanation
An individual has at most two alleles per autosomal STR locus. If four distinct peaks are observed, the sample must contain DNA from at least two heterozygous individuals who do not share any alleles at that locus (2 + 2 = 4 alleles).
کسی ایک شخص کے کروموسوم پر ایک لوکس پر زیادہ سے زیادہ 2 ایلِیل (peaks) ہو سکتے ہیں۔ اگر 4 پیکس نظر آئیں تو اس کا مطلب ہے کہ یہ دو مختلف ہیٹروزائگس (heterozygous) افراد کے ڈی این اے کا آمیزہ ہے جن کا کوئی بھی ایلِیل مشترک نہیں تھا۔
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29📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyDNA Profiling
Arrange the steps of VNTR RFLP analysis in their proper sequence
i. Restriction digestion
ii. Probe hybridisation
iii. Gel electrophoresis
iv. Blotting
Explanation
The steps of VNTR RFLP analysis are: restriction digestion of genomic DNA (i), gel electrophoresis to separate fragments by size (iii), Southern blotting to transfer DNA to a membrane (iv), and probe hybridization to target specific VNTR loci (ii). This corresponds to i, iii, iv, ii.
وی این ٹی آر آریف ایل پی (RFLP) کا صحیح ترتیب ہے: سب سے پہلے ریسٹرکشن ڈائجیشن (i)، پھر جیل الیکٹروفورسس (iii)، پھر سدرن بلاٹنگ (iv) اور آخر میں پروب ہائبرڈائزیشن (ii)۔ اس طرح ترتیب i، iii، iv، ii بنتی ہے۔
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30📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonCrime Scene Searching
What is the purpose of a grid search pattern in crime scene searching?
Explanation
A grid search pattern, which involves searching in perpendicular directions, is highly systematic and allows investigators to cover large and medium search areas thoroughly.
گرڈ سرچ پیٹرن (جو کہ عمودی سمتوں میں منظم تلاش ہے) تفصیلی اور منظم طریقے سے درمیانے اور بڑے علاقوں کو مکمل طور پر کور کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
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31📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonDynamic Signatures
The computerized pad which recognizes the signature based on speed, pressure and rhythm of signing is called-
Explanation
A Biometric Signature Pad (or digital signature pad) captures dynamic signature features such as stroke speed, pressure, direction, and rhythm for identity verification.
بایومیٹرک سگنیچر پیڈ (Biometric Signature Pad) دستخط کے وقت قلم کی رفتار، دباؤ اور تال (rhythm) کو ریکارڈ کر کے شناخت کی تصدیق کرتا ہے۔
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32📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionHypothesis Testing
What does the term p-value represent in hypothesis testing?
Explanation
The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. It represents the likelihood of the result occurring due to random chance.
مفروضے کی جانچ (hypothesis testing) میں، پی-ویلیو (p-value) اس بات کا احتمال (probability) ہے کہ مشاہدہ شدہ نتائج محض اتفاق یا چانس کی وجہ سے حاصل ہوئے ہیں۔
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33📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsMagnetism
The North pole of a magnet:
Explanation
According to the law of magnetism, opposite poles attract each other and like poles repel. Therefore, the North pole of a magnet attracts the South pole of another magnet.
مقناطیس کے قوانین کے مطابق، مخالف پولز ایک دوسرے کو کھینچتے ہیں۔ اس لیے مقناطیس کا شمالی قطب (North pole) دوسرے مقناطیس کے جنوبی قطب (South pole) کو اپنی طرف راغب کرتا ہے۔
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34📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsMeasurements
In the context of measuring instruments, the least count is:
Explanation
The least count of a measuring instrument is the smallest measurement value that can be resolved or measured accurately using that instrument.
کسی بھی پیمائشی آلے کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ (least count) وہ سب سے چھوٹی پیمائش ہے جو اس آلے کی مدد سے بالکل درست طریقے سے لی جا سکتی ہے۔
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35📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsLasers
The beam width of a Gaussian beam is defined as the distance between points where the intensity drops to:
Explanation
In Gaussian beam analysis, the beam width can be defined at the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), where the intensity drops to 50% of its peak value.
گاسین بیم (Gaussian beam) کی چوڑائی اکثر اس فاصلے سے ناپی جاتی ہے جہاں شدت گر کر نصف یعنی 50 فیصد رہ جاتی ہے، جسے FWHM کہتے ہیں۔
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36📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsGaussian Beams
Statement (A): A Gaussian beam is characterised by a bell-shaped intensity curve
Statement (B): A Gaussian beam has uniform intensity across the beam
Statement (C): A Gaussian beam shows exponential decrease in intensity
Explanation
A Gaussian beam has a bell-shaped radial intensity profile (A is true) and decreases exponentially as a function of the square of the distance from the beam axis (C is true). It does not have uniform intensity (B is false). Thus, only A and C are correct.
گاسین بیم کی خصوصیات یہ ہیں: اس کی شدت گھنٹی نما منحنی (bell-shaped) پیٹرن کی ہوتی ہے (A) اور یہ محور سے دور ہونے پر تیزی سے کم ہوتی ہے (C)۔ اس کی شدت ہر جگہ یکساں نہیں ہوتی (B غلط ہے)۔ یعنی صرف A اور C درست ہیں۔
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37📚Typewritten & Printed DocumentsLaser Properties
Compared to traditional light sources, lasers typically have:
Explanation
Lasers are distinguished from ordinary light sources by their high intensity, high directionality (low divergence), monochromaticity, and high coherence.
عام روشنی کے مقابلے میں، لیزر روشنی میں بہت زیادہ شدت (intensity)، ایک ہی سمت میں چلنے کی صلاحیت (directionality) اور ہم آہنگی (coherence) پائی جاتی ہے۔
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38📚Organic & StereochemistryLocard Principle
Locard's exchange principle can be applied to all of the following except
Explanation
Locard's Exchange Principle states that 'every contact leaves a trace' (transfer of physical material like fibers, tool marks, and soil). Blood spatter analysis is based on physics and geometry to reconstruct directionality of forces, not on the transfer of trace material.
لوکارڈ کے اصول کے مطابق 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے' (جیسے فائبر، مٹی، یا ٹول مارکس کا منتقل ہونا)۔ خون کے چھینٹوں کے نمونے کا تجزیہ (blood spatter) طبیعیات اور ہندسیہ پر مبنی ہے، جو لوکارڈ کے تبادلے کے اصول کے دائرے میں نہیں آتا۔
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39📚Organic & StereochemistryHistory of Forensics
The first Forensic Science Laboratory established in India in
Explanation
The first state Forensic Science Laboratory in India was established in Calcutta, West Bengal, in the year 1952.
ہندوستان کی پہلی ریاستی فارنزک سائنس لیبارٹری (FSL) 1952 میں کلکتہ (مغربی بنگال) میں قائم کی گئی تھی۔
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40📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Sketching
A crime-scene sketch should include all of the following except
Explanation
A crime scene sketch must show measurements, scale, orientation (North arrow), date, time, and location. It does not document the search pattern used by the investigators to find the evidence.
کرائم سین کے خاکے میں فاصلے کا پیمانہ، تاریخ، سمت (شمال کا نشان) اور جائے وقوعہ کا نام ہونا ضروری ہے، لیکن اس میں تلاشی کے طریقے (search pattern) کا ذکر نہیں ہوتا۔
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41📚Inorganic Chemistry & Coordination CompoundsPharmacology
What is the slowest route of administration for cannabis.
Explanation
Dermal (topical absorption through the skin) is the slowest and least efficient route of administration for cannabis due to the highly lipophilic nature of cannabinoids and the barrier properties of the skin.
بھنگ (Cannabis) کے جسم میں داخلے کے تمام طریقوں میں سے جلد کے ذریعے جذب ہونا (Dermal) سب سے سست اور غیر موثر طریقہ ہے۔
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42📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyThin Layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography can be used to analyse samples that are believed to contain explosives. In this technique, the parameter known as the retardation factor (RF) can be determined. Which of the following equates to the Rf value of a given component of the material analysed?
Explanation
The Retardation Factor (Rf) in TLC is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the compound (spot) by the distance traveled by the solvent front from the starting origin line.
ٹی ایل سی (TLC) میں آر ایف قیمت (Rf value) کا فارمولا یہ ہے: اسپاٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ تقسیم سالونٹ فرنٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ۔ یعنی آپشن A صحیح جواب ہے۔
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43📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCondensed Matter Physics
According to principles of condensed matter physics, what is the critical factor determining the electronic properties of nanoscale structures?
Explanation
In condensed matter physics, the electronic band structure and properties of nanomaterials are highly sensitive to interatomic distances and atomic arrangements, which influence electron orbital overlap and quantum confinement.
کنڈینسڈ میٹر فزکس کے مطابق، نینو اسکیل ڈھانچے کی برقی خصوصیات (electronic properties) کا تعین کرنے میں ایٹموں کے درمیانی فاصلے (interatomic distances) سب سے اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔
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44📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
In forensic glass analysis, hackle marks are associated with:
Explanation
Hackle marks are parallel line features on a fracture surface that indicate the local direction of crack propagation. They occur due to tensile stresses twisting or tilting away from the primary fracture plane.
ہیکل مارکس (Hackle marks) شیشے کی فریکچر سطح پر تناؤ کی قوتوں (Tensile forces) کے تحت دراڑ کے آگے بڑھنے کی سمت کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں۔
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45📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
What phenomenon is observed when glass fragments are forced backward into a room due to an explosion or impact from outside?
Explanation
When glass is broken by an impact or explosion, most fragments travel in the direction of the force, but microscopic glass fragments are projected backward toward the direction of the blow. This is known as backscatter (or backward fragmentation).
جب باہر سے کسی دھماکے یا ضرب کی وجہ سے شیشے کے باریک ذرات قوت کے مخالف رخ یعنی اندر کی طرف اچھلتے ہیں، تو اسے بیک اسکیٹر اثر (Backscatter effect) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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46📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
The pattern formed on glass due to exposure to heat is:
Explanation
Glass broken by exposure to high heat (thermal shock) typically exhibits curved, wavy, and non-directional fracture patterns without a distinct point of impact. These are often called wavy or thermal fractures.
تیز گرمی یا آگ کے اثر سے شیشے پر پڑنے والی دراڑیں اور فریکچر لہر دار یا لچکدار ہوتی ہیں، جنہیں ویوی پیٹرن (Wavy pattern) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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47📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCordage Examination
In the forensic examination of cordage, why is the knowledge of the specific lay and twist of fibers within the cord essential for investigators?
Explanation
Identifying physical characteristics of cordage (ropes, strings), including the number of strands, direction of twist (S-twist or Z-twist), and lay angle, is critical to establish a forensic link between cordage found on a victim and suspect.
رسی یا رسی کے ٹکڑوں میں ریشوں کے بل کھانے کی سمت (lay and twist) کا علم ملزم اور شکار (link between suspects and victims) کے درمیان تعلق قائم کرنے میں مددگار ثابت ہوتا ہے۔
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48📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationMicroscopy
In polarized light microscopy, what term describes the phenomenon where different colours of light travel at different speeds through a material, resulting in a variation in refractive index with wavelength?
Explanation
Birefringence (double refraction) is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and direction of light propagation, splitting light into two perpendicular rays traveling at different speeds.
پولرائزڈ لائٹ مائیکروسکوپی میں، دوہری اپورتن یا بائی ریفرنجنس (Birefringence) سے مراد روشنی کے مختلف دھڑوں کا الگ رفتار سے سفر کرنا اور شیشے کے دو مختلف ریفریکٹیو انڈیکس بنانا ہے۔
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49📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationForensic Statistics
In forensic analysis, if the probability of a match between a suspect's DNA and evidence DNA is 1 in 1 million, what is the likelihood of an unrelated person having the same DNA profile?
Explanation
A match probability of 1 in 1 million (1 in 10,00,000 in South Asian numbering) directly means the probability that a random, unrelated person shares the same DNA profile is 1 in 1,00,0000.
اگر ڈی این اے میچ کا امکان 10 لاکھ میں 1 ہے، تو کسی دوسرے غیر متعلقہ شخص کا وہی پروفائل ہونے کا امکان بھی 10 لاکھ میں 1 (1 in 10,00,000) ہی ہوگا۔
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50📚Organic ChemistryRivers of India
Which one of the following is a north flowing river?
Explanation
The Chambal River originates in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh and flows north-northeast through Rajasthan before joining the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh.
دریائے چمبل مدھیہ پردیش میں وندھیا پہاڑی سلسلے سے نکلتا ہے اور اتر پردیش میں دریائے یمنا میں شامل ہونے سے پہلے راجستھان کے راستے شمال کی طرف بہتا ہے۔
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51📚Organic ChemistryApplied Chemistry
Alcoholic beverages contain
Explanation
Ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) is the active chemical compound found in all alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.
تمام الکوحل والے مشروبات میں ایتھائل الکوحل (Ethyl alcohol/Ethanol) پایا جاتا ہے، جو خمیر کے ذریعے شکر کی ابال (fermentation) سے بنتا ہے۔
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52📚Inorganic ChemistryTime, Speed & Distance
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:
Explanation
Speed of the second train = Distance / Time = 400 km / 4 hours = 100 km/hr. Since the ratio of their speeds is 7:8, the speed of the first train = (7 / 8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.
دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ رفتار کا تناسب 7:8 ہے، پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔
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53📚Inorganic ChemistryRanking Test
In a group of five friends Hina, Rukaiya, Shefali, Mariyam, Gurpreet, Hina is taller than Rukaiya. Also, Shefali is shorter than Rukaiya. Gurpreet is taller than Hina while Mariyam is the shortest. Who among them is the tallest?
Explanation
Let's arrange the heights:
- Hina > Rukaiya
- Rukaiya > Shefali
- Gurpreet > Hina
- Mariyam is the shortest.
Combining these: Gurpreet > Hina > Rukaiya > Shefali > Mariyam. Therefore, Gurpreet is the tallest.
قد کی ترتیب کے مطابق: گورپریت > ہینا > رقیہ > شفیلی > مریم۔ اس طرح گورپریت سب سے لمبی ہے۔
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54📚Inorganic ChemistryTime, Speed & Distance
With an average speed of 40 km/hr, a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 35 km/hr, it is late by 15 minutes. Find the length of the total journey.
Explanation
Let distance be d. The time difference is 15 minutes = 0.25 hours.
- d/35 - d/40 = 1/4
- (8d - 7d)/280 = 1/4
- d = 280 / 4 = 70 km.
فرض کریں کل فاصلہ d کلومیٹر ہے۔ وقت کا فرق 15 منٹ یعنی 1/4 گھنٹہ ہے:
d/35−d/40=1/4  ⟹  d=70d/35 - d/40 = 1/4 \implies d = 70 کلومیٹر۔
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55📚Physical ChemistryIndian Climate
The reason for Rajasthan being deficient in rainfall is
Explanation
The Aravalli Range lies parallel to the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds, providing no physical barrier to block the winds and cause them to rise and cool down for rain.
راجستھان میں بارش کی کمی کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ وہاں پہاڑی سلسلے (Aravalli Range) ہواؤں کے متوازی ہیں، جس سے ہواؤں کو اوپر اٹھنے اور ٹھنڈا ہونے کا موقع نہیں ملتا۔
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56📚Physical ChemistryTransport in India
Headquarters of North Eastern railway is at
Explanation
The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways is located at Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh.
نارتھ ایسٹرن ریلوے (North Eastern Railway) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔
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57📚Physical ChemistryCensus of India 2011
According to Census of India 2011 which one of the following Union Territories had the highest sex ratio?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Puducherry had the highest sex ratio among Union Territories with 1037 females per 1000 males, while Daman and Diu had the lowest (618).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق، یونین ٹیریٹریز میں پڈوچیری (Puducherry) کا جنسی تناسب سب سے زیادہ (1037 خواتین فی 1000 مرد) تھا۔
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58📚Analytical & Instrumental ChemistryRanking Test
Who is the youngest of all based on the following statements?
(i) Radha is younger to Sunita but elder than Rita
(ii) Rita is elder than Geeta
(iii) Sham is elder to Rita but younger to Radha
Explanation
From (i): Sunita > Radha > Rita.
From (ii): Rita > Geeta.
From (iii): Radha > Sham > Rita.
Combining these: Sunita > Radha > Sham > Rita > Geeta. Therefore, Geeta is the youngest.
بیانات کے مطابق عمر کا تناسب یہ ہے: سنیتا > رادھا > شام > ریتا > گیتا۔ لہذا گیتا سب سے چھوٹی ہے۔
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59📚General Knowledge & ReasoningIntroduction to Computers
This type of computer(s) is/are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing computer.
Explanation
Microcomputers (personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets) are the least powerful compared to mainframes or supercomputers, but they are the most widely used and fastest-growing segment.
مائیکرو کمپیوٹرز (Micro computers - جیسے پرسنل کمپیوٹرز یا لیپ ٹاپ) دیگر کے مقابلے میں کم طاقتور لیکن سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہونے والے کمپیوٹر ہیں۔
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60📚Forensic Science & PhotographyHeritage
Which of the following statements about Ajanta Caves is/are correct?

1. Ajanta caves are a series of rock-cut caves on Waghora River near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
2. These caves are located in the Sahyadri ranges on Eastern Ghats.
3. There are a total 32 caves in Ajanta of which 6 were used as prayer halls while 26 were used as residential caves.
4. Ajanta Caves are crescent shapes in the form of a gigantic horseshoe, with paintings themed around Buddhism.
Explanation
Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sahyadri ranges are located in the Western Ghats (not Eastern). Statement 3 is incorrect because there are 29 rock-cut Buddhist caves, not 32.
بیانات 1 اور 4 درست ہیں۔ بیان 2 غلط ہے کیونکہ سہیا دری مغربی گھاٹ میں ہے اور بیان 3 غلط ہے کیونکہ اجنتا میں کل 29 غاریں ہیں۔
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61📚General Knowledge & AwarenessInternational Organizations
Match the International Organizations with their respective Headquarters:

- i) United Nations Organization (UNO): 1) Kathmandu, Nepal
- ii) World Health Organization (WHO): 2) Geneva, Switzerland
- iii) United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): 3) New York, US
- iv) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): 4) Paris, France
Explanation
UNO headquarters is in New York (i-3), WHO is in Geneva (ii-2), UNESCO is in Paris (iii-4), and SAARC is in Kathmandu (iv-1).
اقوام متحدہ کا ہیڈکوارٹر نیویارک میں ہے (i-3)، ڈبلیو ایچ او جنیوا میں ہے (ii-2)، یونیسکو پیرس میں ہے (iii-4)، اور سارک کاٹھمنڈو میں ہے (iv-1)۔
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62📚Reasoning & MathematicsSpeed Distance Time
A bus travels 3/4 of its usual distance in 2/3 the usual time. What percentage change in speed of bus has occurred?
Explanation
Let usual distance = d, usual time = t. Speed = d/t.
New speed = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = (9/8) (d/t) = 1.125 * (d/t).
This represents an increase of 0.125, which is 12.5% increase.
فرض کریں معمول کا فاصلہ = d، وقت = t۔ رفتار = d/t۔
نئی رفتار = (3/4)d / (2/3)t = 1.125 (d/t)۔ یعنی رفتار میں 12.5 فیصد اضافہ ہوا ہے۔
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63📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
George Eastman introduced _____ in August 1888.
Explanation
George Eastman introduced the Kodak camera in August 1888, which utilized roll film and made photography accessible to the public.
جارج ایسٹ مین نے اگست 1888 میں پہلا رول فلم کیمرہ (Kodak) متعارف کرایا تھا، جس نے فوٹو گرافی کو عام کیا۔
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64📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
Which f-stops allows less light?
Explanation
A higher f-number represents a smaller physical aperture diameter. Therefore, f/32 has the smallest opening and allows the least light.
ایف نمبر جتنا بڑا ہوگا، اپریچر کا سوراخ اتنا ہی چھوٹا ہوگا۔ اس لیے f/32 میں سب سے کم روشنی داخل ہوتی ہے۔
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65📚General Awareness & Current AffairsLanguages of India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which state of India?
Explanation
Bodo is an official language spoken mainly by the Bodo people in the state of Assam in Northeast India. It is also listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ہندوستان کی شمال مشرقی ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ یہ آئین ہند کے آٹھویں شیڈول میں شامل ہے۔
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66📚General Awareness & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?
Explanation
Myanmar is not a member of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The 8 SAARC members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
میانمار (Myanmar) سارک (SAARC) کا رکن نہیں ہے۔ سارک کے 8 رکن ممالک میں افغانستان، بنگلہ دیش، بھوٹان، بھارت، مالدیپ، نیپال، پاکستان اور سری لنکا شامل ہیں۔
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67📚General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K Geography
Which of the following rivers are allocated to India for exclusive use under the Indus Water Treaty?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the water of the three Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas) is allocated to India for unrestricted use.
1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے (Indus Water Treaty) کے تحت مشرقی دریاؤں یعنی راوی، ستلج اور بیاس کے پانی کے استعمال کے حقوق ہندوستان کو تفویض کیے گئے ہیں۔
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68📚General Awareness & Current AffairsJ&K Heritage
Consider the following statements.
I) Shri Raghunathji Mandir, Jammu is one of the largest temple complexs in Northern India.
II) The temple was built in 1857 by Maharaja Hari Singh.
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct. Statement II is incorrect because the Raghunath Temple complex construction was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh in 1853 and completed by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 (not by Maharaja Hari Singh, who ruled much later).
بیان I درست ہے؛ رگھوناتھ مندر جموں و کشمیر اور شمالی ہند کے بڑے مندروں میں سے ہے۔ بیان II غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مندر مہاراجہ گلاب سنگھ نے شروع کروایا اور مہاراجہ رنبیر سنگھ نے مکمل کروایا (نہ کہ مہاراجہ ہری سنگھ نے)۔
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69📚Elementary MathematicsFractions
One-third of the boys and one-half of the girls of a college participated in a social work project. If the number of participating students is 300 out of which 100 are boys, what is the total number of students in the college?
Explanation
Participating boys = 100. Since this is 1/3 of the total boys (B), B/3 = 100 => B = 300. Participating girls = 300 - 100 = 200. Since this is 1/2 of the total girls (G), G/2 = 200 => G = 400. Total students = B + G = 300 + 400 = 700.
شامل لڑکے = 100، جو کل لڑکوں کا 1/3 ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکے = 300۔ شامل لڑکیاں = 300 - 100 = 200، جو کل لڑکیوں کا نصف (1/2) ہیں، لہذا کل لڑکیاں = 400۔ کالج کے کل طلبہ کی تعداد = 300 + 400 = 700 ہے۔
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70📚Elementary MathematicsArithmetic Puzzles
A stairway 10 ft. high is such that each step accounts for half a foot upward and one foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway?
Explanation
The total vertical steps = 10 / 0.5 = 20 steps. The ant climbs 20 risers (20 * 0.5 = 10 ft). However, it only moves forward for 19 steps because once it climbs the 20th riser, it is already at the top platform and does not need to walk forward. Total distance = 10 ft (vertical) + 19 ft (horizontal) = 29 ft.
سیڑھیوں کی کل بلندی 10 فٹ ہے اور ہر سیڑھی آدھا فٹ بلند ہے، یعنی کل 20 سیڑھیاں ہیں۔ چیونٹی 20 بار اوپر چڑھے گی (20 * 0.5 = 10 فٹ)۔ لیکن وہ صرف 19 بار آگے بڑھے گی کیونکہ آخری سیڑھی پر چڑھتے ہی وہ بلندی پر پہنچ جائے گی۔ کل فاصلہ = 10 فٹ (اوپر) + 19 فٹ (آگے) = 29 فٹ۔
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71📚General Awareness & Current AffairsNetwork Services
Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
Explanation
Telnet is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network connections to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.
ٹیل نیٹ (Telnet) وہ سروس ہے جو کسی صارف کو نیٹ ورک پر موجود کسی دوسرے کمپیوٹر میں لاگ ان ہونے اور اسے کنٹرول کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔
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72📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomIndus Water Treaty
Which river is primarily allocated to Pakistan under the Indus Water Treaty?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, three western rivers—the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—were primarily allocated to Pakistan, while three eastern rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—were allocated to India.
1960 کے سندھ طاس معاہدے کے تحت تین مغربی دریاؤں (سندھ، جہلم اور چناب) کا پانی پاکستان کو اور تین مشرقی دریاؤں (راوی، بیاس اور ستلج) کا پانی بھارت کو تفویض کیا گیا تھا۔
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73📚General Awareness & ScienceJ&K Geography
Gulmarg hill station lies in
Explanation
Gulmarg is a famous hill station located in the Pir Panjal Range of the Western Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.
گلمرگ جموں و کشمیر میں واقع ایک مشہور تفریحی مقام ہے جو ہمالیہ کے سلسلہ کوہ پیر پنجال (Pir Panjal Range) میں واقع ہے۔
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74📚General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History
In which year was English announced as the official language of the Government throughout India?
Explanation
English was made the official language of the British East India Company administration in India under the English Education Act of 1835.
انگریزی کو 1835 کے انگلش ایجوکیشن ایکٹ کے تحت ہندوستان بھر میں سرکاری امورِ سلطنت کے لیے سرکاری زبان قرار دیا گیا تھا۔
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75📐MathematicsSpeed, Time & Distance
A man riding a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in the direction of the wind and returns back in 8 hours. If speed of the wind is 10 km/hour, find the speed of the bicycle.
Explanation
Let bicycle speed be v. Time downstream + Time upstream = 8 hours. 60/(v+10) + 60/(v-10) = 8 => 15(v-10 + v+10) = 2(v^2 - 100) => 30v = 2v^2 - 200 => v^2 - 15v - 100 = 0 => (v-20)(v+5) = 0 => v = 20 km/h.
فرض کریں سائیکل کی رفتار v ہے۔ ہوا کی سمت میں وقت = 60/(v+10)، واپسی پر وقت = 60/(v-10)۔ دونوں کا مجموعہ 8 گھنٹے ہے۔ مساوات حل کرنے پر: v = 20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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76📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomWave Propagation
The ionosphere acts as the reflecting surface for the waves in which of the following modes of propagation?
Explanation
Sky wave propagation involves the reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere back to the earth, allowing long-distance shortwave communications.
اسکائی ویو پروپیگیشن (Sky wave) کے عمل میں ریڈیو لہریں فضا کی آئنوسفیئر (Ionosphere) تہہ سے ٹکرا کر زمین پر واپس آتی ہیں، جس سے طویل فاصلے کا رابطہ ممکن ہوتا ہے۔
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77📚📚 Social ScienceJ&K Geography
Where exactly is Aksai Chin?
Explanation
Aksai Chin is located in the north-east corner of the Jammu and Kashmir region (currently under Chinese control).
اقصائے چن جموں و کشمیر کے علاقے کے شمال مشرقی کونے میں واقع ہے (جو فی الحال چین کے زیر کنٹرول ہے)۔
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78📚🔭 SciencePlaces & Administration
In which district is the Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army located?
Explanation
The Headquarters of the Northern Command of the Indian Army is located in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir.
ہندوستانی فوج کی سدرن اور نادرن کمانڈز میں سے نادرن کمانڈ (Northern Command) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع ادھم پور میں واقع ہے۔
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79📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:
Explanation
Speed of the second train = 400 km / 4 hrs = 100 km/hr. Since ratio is 7:8, speed of the first train = (7/8) * 100 = 87.5 km/hr.
دوسری ٹرین کی رفتار = 400 کلومیٹر / 4 گھنٹے = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ چونکہ تناسب 7:8 ہے، اس لیے پہلی ٹرین کی رفتار = (7/8) × 100 = 87.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہوگی۔
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80📚🌍 General AwarenessEnvironment & Ecology
Which of the following regions is regarded as an ecological hotspot of India?
Explanation
The Western Ghats is one of India's prominent ecological hotspots, hosting a massive diversity of flora and fauna.
مغربی گھاٹ (Western Ghats) ہندوستان کے اہم ترین ماحولیاتی حساس علاقوں (Ecological Hotspots) میں شمار ہوتا ہے۔
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81📚📝 EnglishSentence Rearrangement
Directions: Arrange the parts P, Q, R, S to make a correct sentence with (1) and (6) as fixed points:

(1) I explained to him
P: was like a family's
Q: always exuded warmth
R: elder and how she has
S: how for me she
(6) and consideration for me.
Explanation
The correct rearrangement is SPRQ: 'I explained to him how for me she (S) was like a family's (P) elder and how she has (R) always exuded warmth (Q) and consideration for me.'
درست ترتیب SPRQ ہے: 'میں نے اسے سمجھایا کہ وہ میرے لیے ایک خاندانی بزرگ کی طرح تھی اور اس نے ہمیشہ میرے لیے گرمجوشی اور خیال کا مظاہرہ کیا۔'
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82📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 kmph and comes down with an average speed of 36 kmph. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same, the average speed for the entire journey is:
Explanation
Average speed = 2 v1 v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 24 36 / (24 + 36) = 1728 / 60 = 28.8 km/hr.
اوسط رفتار = 2 × v1 × v2 / (v1 + v2) = 2 × 24 × 36 / (24 + 36) = 28.8 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔
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83📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
A man travels from his home to office at the speed of 4.5 km/hr and reaches his office 10 min early. If the speed had been 2.5 km/hr he would have reached 30 min late. Find the distance from his home to office.
Explanation
Let distance be d. Difference in time = 10 min early - (-30 min late) = 40 min = 2/3 hours. d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3 => d(1/2.5 - 1/4.5) = 2/3 => d(2/5 - 2/9) = 2/3 => d(8/45) = 2/3 => d = 3.75 km.
دوری d فرض کریں۔ وقت کا فرق = 40 منٹ = 2/3 گھنٹے۔ d/2.5 - d/4.5 = 2/3۔ اسے حل کرنے پر d = 3.75 کلومیٹر۔
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84📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Match the following climatic regions with their corresponding locations:

P) Tropical Rain Forests - Western Ghats, West coastal Plains, Parts of Assam
Q) Tropical Savana Climate - Most of peninsular region except Western Ghats
R) Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate - Rainshadow belt from Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu
S) Tropical and Sub-tropical Steppes - Punjab, Haryana and Kachchh Region
Explanation
Tropical Rain Forest matches Western Ghats/Assam (P-2), Savana matches peninsular region (Q-1), Semi-Arid matches rainshadow belt (R-4), and Steppes matches Punjab/Kachchh (S-3). This matches option C.
بارانی جنگلات کا زون مغربی گھاٹ (P-2) ہے، سوانا جزیرہ نما خطہ (Q-1) ہے، نیم خشک زون مہاراشٹر تا تامل ناڈو کا رین شیڈو بیلٹ (R-4) ہے، اور اسٹیپس پنجاب/کچھ (S-3) ہے۔ یہ آپشن C ہے۔
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85📚🧩 ReasoningClassification
Which of the following is the odd one out?
Explanation
Inch, Meter, and Centimeter are units of length/distance. Kilogram is a unit of mass.
انچ (Inch)، میٹر (Meter) اور سینٹی میٹر (Centimeter) لمبائی کی اکائیاں ہیں، جبکہ کلوگرام (Kilogram) کمیت (Mass) کی اکائی ہے۔
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86📚🔢 MathSpeed, Time & Distance
If 2 members start running at the same time and in the same direction at speeds of 10 km/hr and 12 km/hr, calculate the time after which they will be apart from each other by 8 km.
Explanation
Relative speed = 12 km/hr - 10 km/hr = 2 km/hr. Time required to separate by 8 km = Distance / Relative Speed = 8 km / 2 km/hr = 4 hours.
نسبتی رفتار (Relative Speed) = 12 - 10 = 2 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ 8 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ پیدا کرنے کا وقت = 8 / 2 = 4 گھنٹے۔
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87📚Surveying & LevellingGeodetic Surveying
In great survey networks, typically
Explanation
In large geodetic control/survey networks, horizontal control is established using either triangulation (measuring angles), trilateration (measuring lengths/distances), or a combination of both.
بڑے جیوڈیٹک سروے نیٹ ورکس میں، افقی کنٹرول قائم کرنے کے لیے یا تو ٹرائی اینگولیشن (زاوئیے ماپنا) یا ٹرائی لیٹریشن (لمبائیاں ماپنا) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
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88📚Surveying & LevellingArches
The perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados of an arch is called
Explanation
The perpendicular distance between the inner curve (intrados) and the outer curve (extrados) of an arch ring is defined as the depth of the arch.
محراب (Arch) کے اندرونی منحنی خط (intrados) اور بیرونی منحنی خط (extrados) کے درمیان کے عمودی فاصلے کو محراب کی گہرائی (Depth of an arch) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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89📚Surveying & LevellingFoundations
The lowest part of the structure which transmit the load to the soil is known as
Explanation
The foundation (or substructure) is the lowest part of a building or structure that is in direct contact with the ground and transmits the loads to the underlying soil.
کسی بھی عمارت کا سب سے نچلا حصہ جو براہ راست مٹی کے ساتھ رابطے میں ہوتا ہے اور بوجھ کو زمین پر منتقل کرتا ہے، اسے فاؤنڈیشن (Foundation - بنیاد) کہتے ہیں۔
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90📚Engineering Drawing & CADScales
Two villas that are present on the map are actually 20 km away from each other and the scale of the map is 1: 20000. Calculate the distance on the map between the two villas?
Explanation
Actual Distance = 20 km=20×103 m=2,000,000 cm20 \text{ km} = 20 \times 10^3 \text{ m} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}. Map Distance = Actual Distance×Scale=2,000,000/20,000=100 cm\text{Actual Distance} \times \text{Scale} = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 \text{ cm}.
حقیقی فاصلہ = 20 km=2,000,000 cm20 \text{ km} = 2,000,000 \text{ cm}۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = حقیقی فاصلہ / اسکیل کا ڈینومینیٹر = 2,000,000 / 20,000 = 100 cm۔ اس لیے درست جواب 100cm ہے۔
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91📚RCC & Structural MechanicsRailway Track
How is speed of the train related to the track gauge distance provided?
Explanation
The maximum speed of trains is directly proportional to the gauge of the track. Wider gauges (like Broad Gauge) provide greater lateral stability, allowing for significantly higher train speeds than narrower gauges.
ٹرین کی رفتار ریلوے ٹریک کے گیج (دو پٹریوں کے درمیان فاصلہ) کے راست تناسب (Directly proportional) ہوتی ہے۔ وسیع تر گیج زیادہ استحکام دیتا ہے جس سے رفتار بڑھائی جا سکتی ہے۔
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92📚RCC & Structural MechanicsLevelling Instruments
The least count of target staff when graduated in feet is
Explanation
While a standard self-reading leveling staff is graduated to 5 mm (0.01 ft), a target staff is equipped with a vernier scale on the movable target that allows readings to be taken to the precision of 0.001 ft.
عام لیولنگ سٹاف کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 5 mm ہوتا ہے، لیکن جب ورنیئر سکیل سے لیس 'ٹارگٹ سٹاف' کا استعمال فٹ میں کیا جائے، تو اس کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ 0.001 فٹ (0.001 ft) ہوتا ہے۔
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93📚RCC & Structural MechanicsSurveying Instruments
Match the following surveying instruments with their descriptions:
1. Theodolite - c. An optical instrument used for measuring distances and angles in surveying.
2. Prismatic Compass - a. Used for measuring angles (bearings) in horizontal planes.
3. Planimeter - b. Measures the area of a closed figure on a map or drawing.
4. Leveling Rod - d. Used to measure height differences or elevations during leveling.
Choose the correctly matched option:
Explanation
The correct matches are: Theodolite (1-c) for measuring angles and distances (tachometer function); Prismatic Compass (2-a) for measuring magnetic bearings; Planimeter (3-b) for measuring plan area; Leveling Rod (4-d) for vertical height measurements.
درست جوڑ: تھیوڈولائٹ (1-c)، پرزمیٹک کمپاس (2-a)، پلانی میٹر (3-b) اور لیولنگ راڈ (4-d) ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست جواب ہے۔
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94📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationPlane Table Surveying
After fixing the plane table to the tripod, what is the correct sequence of operations needed at each plane table station?
Explanation
At each plane table station, the operations must be performed in this strict sequence: 1) Levelling (making the table horizontal), 2) Centering (aligning the ground point with the paper point using a plumbing fork), and 3) Orientation (aligning the table along the magnetic north or previous line). This corresponds to sequence (i), (iii), (ii).
پلین ٹیبل سروے میں سٹیشن پر کام کا درست تسلسل (i)، (iii)، (ii) ہے: پہلے لیولنگ (ٹیبل ہموار کرنا)، پھر سینٹرنگ (گراؤنڈ اور نقشے کے پوائنٹ کو سیدھا کرنا)، اور آخر میں اورینٹیشن (رخ متعین کرنا)۔ اس لیے آپشن B درست ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
95📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationChain Surveying
Which of the following is not required for chain surveying?
Explanation
A dumpy level is a levelling instrument used to establish elevations. It is not required for simple chain surveying, which only measures horizontal distances using a chain, arrows, pegs, and ranging rods.
چین سروے (Chain surveying) میں فاصلے ماپنے کے لیے زنجیر، ایروز اور پیگز استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ ڈمپی لیول (Dumpy level) اونچائی ماپنے کا آلہ ہے، جو اس سروے کے لیے ضروری نہیں ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
96📚Estimating, Costing & ValuationBridge Engineering
The height of a bridge girder is kept _______ above the High Flood Level (HFL).
Explanation
The vertical clearance (freeboard) between the highest flood level (HFL) and the lowest point of the bridge superstructure is kept in the range of 1.2 to 1.5 meters to allow floating debris to pass safely without hitting the bridge.
پل کے گرڈر کے نچلے حصے اور دریا میں سیلاب کی سب سے اونچی سطح (HFL) کے درمیان کا عمودی فاصلہ (فری بورڈ) 1.2 سے 1.5 میٹر رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ پانی میں بہتی ہوئی چیزیں پل سے نہ ٹکرائیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
97📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMotion & Distance
You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr how far distance will your vehicle can travel in 20 minutes?
Explanation
Speed = 72 km/h72 \text{ km/h}. Time = 20 minutes=2060 hour=13 hour20 \text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} \text{ hour} = \frac{1}{3} \text{ hour}. Distance = Speed×Time=72×13=24 km\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72 \times \frac{1}{3} = 24 \text{ km}.
رفتار = 72 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ وقت = 20 منٹ = 1/3 گھنٹہ۔ فاصلہ = رفتار × وقت = 72 × (1/3) = 24 کلومیٹر۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
98📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRoad Safety & Speed Control
Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing
Explanation
Lower speeds reduce the probability of crashes because drivers have more time to react, stopping distances are shorter, and vehicle control is easier to maintain.
ٹریفک کی رفتار کو کم کرنا حادثات کی تعداد کو کم کرنے میں انتہائی مؤثر ثابت ہوتا ہے کیونکہ اس سے ڈرائیور کو ردعمل کا زیادہ وقت ملتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
99📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHighway Engineering & Road Layout
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way mean
Explanation
A 4-lane divided highway consists of two separate carriageways divided by a median or physical barrier, with each carriageway containing two traffic lanes for movement in opposite directions.
4 لین والے منقسم ہائی وے کا مطلب ہے کہ سڑک کے درمیان ایک بیریئر یا میڈین ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سمتوں میں ٹریفک کے لیے دو دو لینز ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
100📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActTraffic Police Hand Signals
The hand signal of a traffic police officer with the left arm extended horizontally and the right arm extended horizontally/beckoning represents:
Explanation
Extending the left arm horizontally stops traffic from the left or right, and beckoning with the right arm allows traffic coming from the right to turn left.
بائیں بازو کو افقی طور پر پھیلانا اور دائیں بازو سے اشارہ کرنا دائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روکنے اور انہیں بائیں مڑنے کی اجازت دینے کی نمائندگی کرتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
101📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActTraffic Police Hand Signals
The hand signal of a traffic police officer swinging a red light or raising both hands in a circular motion represents:
Explanation
A warning signal to clear the intersection or alert all traffic is shown by raising both arms or swinging a warning light, telling all vehicles in all directions to prepare to stop.
تمام ٹریفک کے لیے وارننگ سگنل کا مطلب ہے کہ تمام سمتوں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو رکنے یا ہوشیار رہنے کا اشارہ دیا جا رہا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
102📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm and rotating it in an anti-clockwise direction is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Under Indian road rules, when a driver extends the right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction, it represents the intention to turn left or change lanes to the left.
ہندوستانی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت، جب ڈرائیور دایاں بازو باہر نکال کر اسے گھڑی کی مخالف سمت (اینٹی کلاک وائز) گھماتا ہے، تو اس کا مطلب بائیں مڑنے یا بائیں لین تبدیل کرنے کا ارادہ ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
103📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Hand Signals
A driver extending his/her right arm in a downward direction and moving it up and down is signaling their intention to:
Explanation
Extending the right arm downwards and moving it slowly up and down is the standard hand signal indicating that the driver intends to slow down their vehicle.
دائیں بازو کو نیچے کی طرف پھیلا کر آہستہ آہستہ اوپر نیچے کرنا اس بات کا اشارہ ہے کہ ڈرائیور گاڑی کی رفتار کو کم کرنا چاہتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
104📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActGeography of J&K
The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is
Explanation
Jammu and Kashmir is located in the northernmost part of India, which lies in the North-West direction relative to Bihar.
ہندوستان کے نقشے پر جموں و کشمیر، بہار کے لحاظ سے شمال مغربی (North-West) سمت میں واقع ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
105📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
Among (i) Distance (ii) Direction and (iii) Symbol which are the components of the map:
Explanation
The three essential components of a map are distance, direction, and symbols.
کسی بھی نقشے کے تین اہم اجزاء ہوتے ہیں: فاصلہ (Distance)، سمت (Direction) اور علامت (Symbol)۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
106📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm = 100 meter". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then actual distance between the two locations is
Explanation
Map scale: 1 cm=100 m1 \text{ cm} = 100 \text{ m}. Distance on map = 15 cm15 \text{ cm}. Actual distance = 15×100 m=1500 m=1.5 km15 \times 100 \text{ m} = 1500 \text{ m} = 1.5 \text{ km}.
نقشے کا پیمانہ: 1 سینٹی میٹر = 100 میٹر۔ نقشے پر فاصلہ = 15 سینٹی میٹر۔ اصل فاصلہ = 15 × 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
107📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Reading & Navigation
Your residence is located at (R) and office is at (O). The location (R) and (O) just opposite, however you cannot go straight way because of a river. You first drive 10 km due north, then cross a bridge 7 km long which is due west, and reach at (O) which is 10 km due south. With respect to office (O) your residence (R) is
Explanation
Let R be at (0,0)(0,0). Driving 10 km10 \text{ km} North reaches (0,10)(0, 10). Moving 7 km7 \text{ km} West reaches (−7,10)(-7, 10). Moving 10 km10 \text{ km} South reaches (−7,0)(-7, 0), which is O. Since O is at (−7,0)(-7,0), R (0,0)(0,0) is 7 km7 \text{ km} due East of O.
فرض کریں رہائش (R) نقطہ (0,0) پر ہے۔ 10 کلومیٹر شمال جانے پر مقام (0,10) ہوگا۔ 7 کلومیٹر مغرب جانے پر (-7,10) ہوگا۔ پھر 10 کلومیٹر جنوب جانے پر آفس (O) مقام (-7,0) پر ہوگا۔ لہذا، آفس کے لحاظ سے رہائش (R) 7 کلومیٹر مشرق میں ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
108📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceFriction & Slip
Consider the following statements, choose the correct combination:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance travel along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance travel along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Explanation
In skidding, wheels lock up and stop rotating (circumference movement ≈0\approx 0), but the vehicle continues sliding forward (distance along road > wheel rotation). In slipping, wheels spin rapidly in place (wheel rotation > distance traveled). Both statements are true.
اسکیڈنگ میں بریک لاک ہو جاتی ہے اور گاڑی آگے گھسیٹتی ہے (فاصلہ > ٹائر گھومنا)؛ سلپنگ میں ٹائر تیزی سے گھومتا ہے لیکن گاڑی آگے نہیں بڑھتی (فاصلہ < ٹائر گھومنا)۔ دونوں بیانات سچ ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
109📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceKinematics & Motion
On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other. They are traveling at 20 m/sec and 10 m/sec respectively, towards each other. Both of them apply brakes, which deaccelerate both the buses at a rate of 5 m/s². How far apart will they be, when they have come to stop.
Explanation
Stopping distance s=u22as = \frac{u^2}{2a}. For Bus 1: s1=2022×5=40 ms_1 = \frac{20^2}{2 \times 5} = 40 \text{ m}. For Bus 2: s2=1022×5=10 ms_2 = \frac{10^2}{2 \times 5} = 10 \text{ m}. Total stopping distance = s1+s2=40+10=50 ms_1 + s_2 = 40 + 10 = 50 \text{ m}. Thus, they need to be 50 meters apart to avoid a collision.
بس 1 کا فاصلہ: 20² / 10 = 40 میٹر۔ بس 2 کا فاصلہ: 10² / 10 = 10 میٹر۔ دونوں بسوں کے رکنے کا کل فاصلہ = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
110📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTowing Regulations
Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is
Explanation
As per the Central Motor Vehicles Rules and road regulations, the towing distance (drawbar or towline length) between the rear of the towing vehicle and front of the towed vehicle must not exceed 5 meters.
موٹر وہیکل قوانین کے مطابق، کھینچنے والی گاڑی اور کھینچی جانے والی گاڑی کے درمیان زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ 5 میٹر سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
111📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Rules
As per central motor vehicle rules, 1989, the visual transmission of light in rear window and windscreen should not be less than
Explanation
Under Rule 100 of the CMVR, 1989, the Visual Light Transmission (VLT) of safety glass must be at least 70% for the windscreen and rear window, and at least 50% for side windows.
موٹر وہیکل رولز 1989 کے مطابق، گاڑی کے ونڈ اسکرین اور پچھلے شیشے پر روشنی کی شفافیت (VLT) کم از کم 70 فیصد ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
112📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlBelts & Pulleys
V-belts is most suitable when the distance between drive and the driven pulley is
Explanation
V-belts are designed for power transmission between shafts that are located close together (short center-to-center distances). Over long distances, they tend to slip or sag.
وی-بیلٹ (V-belt) پولی کے درمیان کم فاصلے (Short distance) پر طاقت کی ترسیل کے لیے سب سے زیادہ موزوں ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
113📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Dimensions
"Wheel base" of a motor vehicle is the distance between the
Explanation
The wheelbase of a vehicle is defined as the distance between the center points of the front wheels and the rear wheels (axle-to-axle distance).
گاڑی کے اگلے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے مرکز کے درمیانی فاصلے (axle to axle distance) کو وہیل بیس (Wheel base) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
114📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Instruments
Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the distance covered by the motor vehicle?
Explanation
An odometer is the instrument on the vehicle dashboard that records the total distance traveled by the vehicle. (Speedometer measures speed).
گاڑی کی طرف سے طے کیا گیا کل فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کے لیے اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
115📚🔭 ScienceFish Taxonomy
Which of the following is not a meristic character?
Explanation
Meristic characters are countable anatomical features of fish (e.g., finlet count, gill rakers, scutes). Eye diameter is a measurable distance, which makes it a morphometric (not meristic) character.
میریسٹک (Meristic) خصوصیات وہ ہوتی ہیں جن کی گنتی کی جا سکتی ہے (جیسے پنلٹس، گل رنکرز اور سکیوٹس)۔ آنکھ کا قطر (Eye Diameter) ایک قابل پیمائش لمبائی ہے، اس لیے یہ مارفومیٹرک خصوصیت ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
116📚🔭 ScienceGenetics
Which of the following statements about linkage is true?
a. Linkage increases as distance between genes increases.
b. Linkage results in formation of more parental phenotype.
c. Repulsion and coupling are two phases of linkage.
d. Mendel recognized linkage phenomenon in his law of inheritance experiments.
Explanation
Statements b and c are true. Linkage keeps genes together, reducing crossing over, which leads to more parental phenotypes. Coupling and repulsion are the two phases of linkage. Statement a is false because linkage decreases as distance increases. Statement d is false because Mendel did not encounter linkage.
بیانات b اور c درست ہیں۔ ربط (Linkage) کی وجہ سے والدین کی طرح کی خصوصیات زیادہ بنتی ہیں، اور کپلنگ و ریپلشن اس کے دو پہلو ہیں۔ بیان a غلط ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ بڑھنے سے ربط کم ہوتا ہے۔ اور مینڈل نے ربط کا مشاہدہ نہیں کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
117📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Which one of the following is NOT an exotic fish?
Explanation
Horabagrus brachysoma (commonly known as the Sun catfish) is native to the rivers of the Western Ghats in India. The other three species are exotic (introduced) to India.
Horabagrus brachysoma (سن کیٹ فش) ہندوستان کے مغربی گھاٹ کے دریاؤں کی مقامی (Native) مچھلی ہے، جبکہ دیگر تینوں درآمد شدہ (Exotic) مچھلیاں ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
118📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Which of the following statements are true?
a. Himalayas extend from the Namga Parbat to Namcha Barwa
b. Himalayas extend over 2400 km
c. Ganga and Brahmaputra are the longest rivers in Himalaya river system
d. Himalayan streams can be divided to 4 zones as per Sehgal (1988)
Explanation
Statements a and b are true. The Himalayas run in an arc of about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat in the west to Namcha Barwa in the east. Statement c is false because the Indus is the longest river. Statement d is false because coldwater streams are divided into 3 zones as per Sehgal (1988) based on temperature and fish composition.
بیانات a اور b درست ہیں۔ ہمالیہ مغرب میں نانگا پربت سے مشرق میں نامچہ باروا تک تقریباً 2400 کلومیٹر طویل قوس میں پھیلا ہوا ہے۔ بیانات c اور d غلط ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
119📚🔭 ScienceFish Anatomy
The dark muscles in fishes contain more ------than light muscles
Explanation
Dark (red) muscles in fishes contain a significantly higher density of mitochondria than light (white) muscles. This supports aerobic metabolism for continuous, long-distance swimming.
مچھلی کے سرخ یا گہرے پٹھے (Dark muscles) سفید پٹھوں کے مقابلے میں بہت زیادہ مائٹوکونڈریا (Mitochondria) پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں جو انہیں مسلسل تیرنے کی توانائی دیتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
120📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Kunka is used to measure fish seed in---- technique
Explanation
A 'Kunka' is a traditional, small cup-like measuring container made of wood or metal, used traditionally by spawn collectors and fish farmers in West Bengal to estimate the volume of fish seed/spawn.
کُنکا (Kunka) ماہی پروری کی روایتی (Traditional) تکنیک میں مچھلیوں کے بیج (Spawn/Seed) کو ناپنے کا لکڑی یا دھات کا ایک روایتی چھوٹا برتن ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
121📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Riverine fishery resources has ---- major systems
Explanation
India's riverine fishery resources are divided into 5 major systems: 1) Indus River System, 2) Ganga River System, 3) Brahmaputra River System, 4) East Coast River System, and 5) West Coast River System.
ہندوستان کے دریاؤں کی مچھلیوں کے قدرتی ذخائر کو 5 بڑے دریاؤں کے سسٹمز (Riverine Systems) میں تقسیم کیا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
122📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
Rod used in bait fishing measures feet
Explanation
Traditional cane poles or rods used in bait fishing generally measure between 9 to 12 feet, providing the necessary reach and control to present bait without casting long distances.
روایتی طور پر چارہ استعمال کر کے مچھلی پکڑنے والی راڈ (Bait fishing rod) کی لمبائی 9 سے 12 فٹ (9-12 feet) کے درمیان ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
123📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
These are major rivers for sport fishing
Explanation
The Kosi, Kali, and Sharda rivers in Uttarakhand/northern India are famous destinations for angling the mighty Golden Mahseer.
ہندوستان میں مہسیر مچھلی کے شکار کے لیے مشہور ندیوں میں کوسی، کالی اور شاردا (Kosi, Kali, Sharda) کے پہاڑی سلسلے شامل ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
124📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHistory of J&K
The Treaty of Amritsar, which handed over the territory of Kashmir to Gulab Singh, was signed in which year?
Explanation
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
125📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Geography
Which Indian state is the largest producer of rice?
Explanation
West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
126📚General EnglishIndian History
The famous Indus Valley Civilization site 'Lothal', known for its ancient dockyard, is located in which modern state of India?
Explanation
Lothal was one of the southern-most cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhal region of modern Gujarat state.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
127📚General EnglishIndian Geography
The Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water coastal lagoon in India, is located in which state?
Explanation
Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
128📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time & Distance
A train running at a speed of 90 km/h90 \text{ km/h} crosses a utility pole in 10 seconds10 \text{ seconds}. What is the length of the train in meters?
Explanation
Speed in m/s = 90×518=25 m/s90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 \text{ m/s}.
Time taken to cross the pole = 10 s10 \text{ s}.
Length of the train = Speed×Time=25 m/s×10 s=250 meters\text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 25 \text{ m/s} \times 10 \text{ s} = 250 \text{ meters}.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
129📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense
A man walks 5 km5 \text{ km} towards South, then turns right and walks 3 km3 \text{ km}. He then turns left and walks 5 km5 \text{ km}. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
Let starting point be (0,0)(0,0).
1. Walks 5 km5 \text{ km} South   ⟹  (0,−5)\implies (0, -5).
2. Turns right (West) and walks 3 km  ⟹  (−3,−5)3 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -5).
3. Turns left (South) and walks 5 km  ⟹  (−3,−10)5 \text{ km} \implies (-3, -10).
The point (−3,−10)(-3, -10) lies in the South-West quadrant relative to (0,0)(0,0).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
130📚Basic MathematicsUrdu Literature
درج ذیل شعراء میں سے کس شاعر کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے پکارا جاتا ہے؟
Explanation
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is honored with the title 'Shair-e-Mashriq' (Poet of the East) for his influential poetry and philosophy.
علامہ اقبال کو 'شاعرِ مشرق' کے لقب سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
131📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyRemote Sensing in Environmental Studies
Remote sensing is employed in EIA to:
Explanation
Remote sensing is the technique of acquiring information about the Earth's land cover, vegetation index, topography, and surface features from a distance using satellite imagery or aerial sensors.
ریموٹ سینسنگ کا استعمال سیٹلائٹ اور سینسرز کے ذریعے زمین کی سطح کا دور سے ڈیٹا اکٹھا کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
132📚🌿 Environmental Science & EcologyAtmospheric Layers & Greenhouse Effect
Where of the following greenhouse gases are present?
Explanation
Greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4,N2OCO_2, CH_4, N_2O, and water vapor) are primarily concentrated in the Troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer extending up to ~12 km), where they trap outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to maintain Earth's thermal equilibrium.
گرین ہاؤس گیسیں بنیادی طور پر کرۂ ہوائی کے نچلے حصے یعنی ٹروپوسفیر (Troposphere) میں موجود ہوتی ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
133📚Ecology & Environmental BiologyEnergy Resources & Calorific Values
Arrange the following non-renewable fossil fuel in the sequence of higher to lower heating values.
1. Coal
2. Hydrogen
3. Petroleum.
4. Natural Gas
Explanation
Heating (calorific) values: Hydrogen (~142 MJ/kg) > Natural Gas (~50-55 MJ/kg) > Petroleum (~42-45 MJ/kg) > Coal (~20-30 MJ/kg). Arranging in sequence from highest to lowest yields: Hydrogen (2), Petroleum/Gas (3), Coal (1), etc.
حرارتی قدر (Calorific value) کی ترتیب: ہائیڈروجن سب سے زیادہ حرارت پیدا کرتا ہے، اس کے بعد پٹرولیم، گیس اور کوئلہ آتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
134📚Environmental Laws & Disaster ManagementLandfill Siting Buffer Distances
According to Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, a landfill site should be how many meters away from a river?
Explanation
Under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, a sanitary landfill site must be located at a minimum buffer distance of 100 meters away from any river or water body.
سالڈ ویسٹ مینجمنٹ رولز 2016 کے مطابق لینڈ فل سائیٹ ندی سے کم از کم 100 میٹر دور ہونی چاہیے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
135📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Distances
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2006, what is the minimum distance from the high tide line that should be maintained for building new structures in the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-I?
Explanation
Under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) regulations, the standard landward regulatory zone extends up to 500 meters from the High Tide Line (HTL), within which CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive inter-tidal areas) strictly prohibits new permanent civil construction.
ساحلی ریگولیشن زون (CRZ) کے تحت ہائی ٹائیڈ لائن سے 500 میٹر کے اندر نئی تعمیرات پر پابندی ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
136📚Occupational Health, Safety & InstrumentationWater (Amendment) Act 1988
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, was amended in 1988 to include a new chapter specifically dealing with
Explanation
The 1988 Amendment to the Water Act strengthened enforcement powers, specifically introducing Section 33A granting the Board power to give binding directions for closure, prohibition, or regulation of industries.
1988 کی ترمیم کے ذریعے آلودگی کنٹرول بورڈ کو صنعتوں کی فوری بندش اور ہدایات جاری کرنے کے اختیارات دیے گئے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
137📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndian Transportation & National Highways
NH-44 is the longest national highway in India with a length of ________ Kilometers running from ________ in the north to ________ in the south.
Explanation
National Highway 44 (NH-44) is the longest highway in India, measuring approximately 3,745 km (and extended up to 4,112 km), connecting Srinagar in the North to Kanyakumari in the South.
NH-44 ہندوستان کا سب سے لمبا قومی شاہراہ ہے جو سری نگر سے کنیا کماری تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔
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138📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsKarkota Dynasty & Lalitaditya
Who among the following is known as the "Samudra Gupta of Kashmir" due to his significant rule during the Karkota dynasty between 724-761 A.D.?
Explanation
King Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is celebrated as the "Samudragupta of Kashmir" for his extensive military conquests across northern and central Asia and for constructing the magnificent Martand Sun Temple.
کرکوٹا خاندان کے راجہ للتا دتیہ مکتا پیڈ کو اپنی فتوحات کی وجہ سے "کشمیر کا سمدر گپت" کہا جاتا ہے۔
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139📚General EnglishPrepositions
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
He climbed ________ the ladder to get onto the roof.
Explanation
'Up' is the standard preposition of direction used with climb ('climbed up the ladder').
سیڑھی چڑھنے کے لیے 'climbed up' کا استعمال درست ہے۔
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140📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
Sheetal rides a bike at an average speed of 40 kmph and reaches her destination in 5 hours. Hemlata covers the same distance in 4 hrs. If Sheetal increases her average speed by 10 kmph and Hemlata increases her average speed by 10 kmph, what would be the difference in their time taken to reach destination?
Explanation
Total distance =40×5=200 km= 40 \times 5 = 200\text{ km}. Hemlata's initial speed =200/4=50 kmph= 200/4 = 50\text{ kmph}. New speeds: Sheetal =50 kmph  ⟹  Time=200/50=4 hrs=240 min= 50\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/50 = 4\text{ hrs} = 240\text{ min}. Hemlata =60 kmph  ⟹  Time=200/60=3 hrs 20 min=200 min= 60\text{ kmph} \implies \text{Time} = 200/60 = 3\text{ hrs } 20\text{ min} = 200\text{ min} (or 48 min difference on exact round-off).
دونوں کے وقت کا فرق 48 منٹ (یا 40 منٹ) بنتا ہے۔
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141📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A man goes to Mumbai from Pune at a speed of 4 km/hr4\text{ km/hr} and returns to Pune at speed of 6 km/hr6\text{ km/hr}. What is his average speed of the entire journey?
Explanation
Average speed =2xyx+y=2×4×64+6=4810=4.8 km/hr= \frac{2xy}{x+y} = \frac{2 \times 4 \times 6}{4 + 6} = \frac{48}{10} = 4.8\text{ km/hr}.
پورے سفر کی اوسط رفتار 2×4×6/(4+6)=4.8 km/hr2 \times 4 \times 6 / (4 + 6) = 4.8\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
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142📚General Intelligence & ReasoningOrder and Ranking
In a row of 26 girls, when Sakshi shifted four places towards the left, she become 10th from the left end. What was her earlier position form the right end of the row?
Explanation
Earlier position from left end =10+4=14th= 10 + 4 = 14\text{th}. Position from right end =(Total+1)−Left=(26+1)−14=13th= (\text{Total} + 1) - \text{Left} = (26 + 1) - 14 = 13\text{th}.
دائیں جانب سے ساکشی کی ابتدائی پوزیشن 13ویں تھی۔
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143📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirections and Clocks
Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour hand points to North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?
Explanation
At 6 PM, the hour hand normally points South (6 o'clock). If it points North, the clock is rotated 180∘180^\circ. At 9:15 PM, the minute hand is at 3 (normally East). Rotated 180∘180^\circ, it points West.
9:15 بجے منٹ کی سوئی مغرب (West) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔
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144📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr40\text{ km/hr}. and the rest at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Let total distance be 2D2D. Time =D40+D60=8  ⟹  3D+2D120=8  ⟹  5D=960  ⟹  D=192 km= \frac{D}{40} + \frac{D}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{120} = 8 \implies 5D = 960 \implies D = 192\text{ km}. Total distance =2D=384 km= 2D = 384\text{ km}.
کل سفر کا فاصلہ 2×192=384 km2 \times 192 = 384\text{ km} ہے۔
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145📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance
Two men start together to walk to a certain destination, one a 3 km/hr.3\text{ km/hr}. and another 3.75 km/hr3.75\text{ km/hr} The latter arrives half an hour before the former. The distance is:
Explanation
Let distance be DD. Difference in time =D3−D3.75=0.5 hr  ⟹  D3−4D15=0.5  ⟹  D15=0.5  ⟹  D=7.5 km= \frac{D}{3} - \frac{D}{3.75} = 0.5\text{ hr} \implies \frac{D}{3} - \frac{4D}{15} = 0.5 \implies \frac{D}{15} = 0.5 \implies D = 7.5\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ 7.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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146📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndus Valley Civilization
The Harappa Civilization was discovered in 1920-21 by the excavations by
Explanation
Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni discovered and excavated the premier Indus Valley site of Harappa in Montgomery district (Punjab, Pakistan) in 1921 under the direction of Sir John Marshall.
ہڑپہ کی کھدائی اور دریافت 1921 میں دیا رام سہنی نے کی تھی۔
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147📚🌍 General KnowledgeWorld Currencies
What is the currency of South Africa?
Explanation
The South African Rand (ZAR) is the official legal currency of South Africa.
جنوبی افریقہ کی کرنسی رینڈ (Rand) ہے۔
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148📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India
The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?
Explanation
The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.
ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔
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149📚🗺️ GeographyWorld Land Areas & Rankings
Which is the seventh largest country in the world by land area?
Explanation
India is the 7th largest country in the world by land area (approx. 3.287 million sq km), following Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, and Australia.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے ہندوستان دنیا کا ساتواں (7th) سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔
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150📚📖 General EnglishPronoun Order & Error Detection
Directions: Here some part of the sentence has errors and remaining are correct. Find out which part of the given sentence has an error and choose the correct option:
I and my colleague/ have carefully considered the important issues raised by / the report which you sent me and/ we have decided to take the following action.
Explanation
In English etiquette and grammar, the order of pronouns should be Third Person before First Person: "My colleague and I" (not "I and my colleague").
حصہ A میں غلطی ہے، درست انداز 'My colleague and I' ہے۔
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151📚🧮 Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Distance
Two cars with speeds of 20 km/h20\text{ km/h} and 16 km/h16\text{ km/h} travel in opposite directions toward each-other. They meet each other after 60 minutes. Find the initial distance between the starting points of two cars.
Explanation
Relative speed =20+16=36 km/h= 20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}. Time =60 min=1 hour= 60\text{ min} = 1\text{ hour}. Distance =Speed×Time=36×1=36 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km}.
باہمی رفتار = 20+16=36 km/h20 + 16 = 36\text{ km/h}۔ فاصلہ = 36×1=36 km36 \times 1 = 36\text{ km} ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
152📚📐 SurveyingTheory of Errors
Theory of probability can be applied to
Explanation
In surveying, the Theory of Probability and the method of least squares are applicable strictly to Accidental (or random) errors, as they follow Gaussian normal distribution laws. Cumulative (systematic) errors follow definite mathematical laws and can be eliminated by corrections.
سروے میں امکانی تھیوری (Theory of probability) کا اطلاق صرف حادثاتی یا بے ترتیب غلطیوں (Accidental errors) پر ہوتا ہے۔
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153📚🧱 Strength of MaterialsPrincipal Stresses & Pure Shear
The state of pure shear stress is produced by
Explanation
A state of pure shear stress (τ\tau) on a plane inclined at 45∘45^\circ is equivalent to equal principal tensile stress in one direction and an equal principal compressive stress in the mutually perpendicular direction (σ1=+τ,σ2=−τ\sigma_1 = +\tau, \sigma_2 = -\tau).
خالص قینچی تناؤ (Pure shear stress) ایک سمت میں تناؤ اور اس کے عمود برابر دباؤ کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتا ہے۔
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154📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Valves
Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct answer using the codes given below,
List -1 (Name of the valve): a. Reflux valve, b. Sluice valve, c. Pressure relief valve, d. Scour valve
List -2 (Purpose of the valve): 1. Drain out the west water from dead end, 2. Relieving water hammer pressure, 3. Control the flow in the distribution system at corner and pipe junction, 4. Allow the flow only in one direction
Explanation
Reflux (non-return) valve = Flow in one direction only (a-4), Sluice (gate) valve = Regulate flow in pipe junctions (b-3), Pressure relief valve = Relieve water hammer pressure (c-2), Scour (blow-off) valve = Drain silt/water from depressions and dead ends (d-1). Match: a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.
پائپ لائن والوز کا درست ملاپ: a-4، b-3، c-2، d-1 ہے۔
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155📚🚆 Railway EngineeringCreep of Rails
Creep is a phenomenon of
Explanation
Creep of rails is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails in a railway track in the direction of dominant train traffic.
ریل کے کرپ (Creep) سے مراد ٹریک میں ٹرین کے چلنے کی سمت میں پٹریوں کی طولی نقل و حرکت (Longitudinal movement) ہے۔
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156📚🌊 Irrigation & Water Resources EngineeringCross Drainage Works: Aqueducts
Direction: The item consists of two statements, one labelled as the 'Statement (I)' and the other as 'Statement (II)'.
Statement (I): Cross drainage structure, aqueduct is constructed to negotiate an aligned channel over, below or at the same level of a stream.
Statement (II): Aqueduct is constructed, when full supply level (FSL) of canal is much higher than high flood level (HFL) of a stream
Explanation
Both statements are individually true facts regarding cross-drainage works. An aqueduct carries a canal over a natural drain where the canal bed is well above the High Flood Level (HFL) of the drainage.
دونوں بیانات انفرادی طور پر درست ہیں (Option B)۔
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157📚🏗️ Design of RCC StructuresTwo-Way Slab Design Provisions
According to I.S.: 456, slabs which span in two directions with corners held down, are assumed to be divided in each direction into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip, is
Explanation
According to IS 456:2000 Annex D, a two-way slab is divided into middle strips and edge strips such that the width of the middle strip is three-fourths (3/43/4 or 0.75L0.75 L) of the width of the slab, and each edge strip is 1/81/8 (0.125L0.125 L) of the width.
IS 456 کے مطابق ٹو وے سلیب میں مڈل اسٹرپ کی چوڑائی سلیب کی کل چوڑائی کا تین چوتھائی (3/43/4) ہوتی ہے۔
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158📚⚙️ Engineering MechanicsSimple Lifting Machines
In a lifting machine, an effort of 500 N500\text{ N} is to be moved by a distance of 20 m20\text{ m} to raise a load of 10,000 N10,000\text{ N} by a distance of 0.8 m0.8\text{ m}. Determine the velocity ratio, and mechanical advantage of the machine respectively.
Explanation
Velocity Ratio VR=Distance moved by effortDistance moved by load=20 m0.8 m=25VR = \frac{\text{Distance moved by effort}}{\text{Distance moved by load}} = \frac{20\text{ m}}{0.8\text{ m}} = 25. Mechanical Advantage MA=LoadEffort=10000 N500 N=20MA = \frac{\text{Load}}{\text{Effort}} = \frac{10000\text{ N}}{500\text{ N}} = 20. Values: 25 and 20.
ویلوسیٹی ریشو VR=20/0.8=25VR = 20/0.8 = 25 اور مکینیکل ایڈوانٹیج MA=10000/500=20MA = 10000/500 = 20 ہے۔
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159📚🌊 Fluid Mechanics & HydraulicsPipe Flow & Energy Losses
For steady incompressible flow through a closed conduit of uniform cross-section, the direction of the flow will always be
Explanation
For a conduit of uniform cross-section, velocity is constant everywhere (V1=V2V_1 = V_2). Flow occurs naturally in the direction of continuous energy dissipation against frictional losses, which corresponds strictly from higher to lower Piezometric Head (hp=pγ+zh_p = \frac{p}{\gamma} + z).
یکساں کراس سیکشن کے پائپ میں بہاؤ ہمیشہ زیادہ پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ سے کم پیزومیٹرک ہیڈ کی طرف ہوتا ہے۔
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160📚📐 SurveyingCurvature & Refraction Corrections
A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was 100 m100\text{ m}. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is
Explanation
Combined correction formula Ccomb=−0.0673D2 metersC_{comb} = -0.0673 D^2\text{ meters}, where DD is in kilometres. Here D=100 m=0.10 kmD = 100\text{ m} = 0.10\text{ km}. Ccomb=−0.0673×(0.1)2=−0.0673×0.01=−0.000673 mC_{comb} = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.0673 \times 0.01 = -0.000673\text{ m} (subtractive).
مشترکہ تصحیح C = -0.0673 \times (0.1)^2 = -0.000673 میٹر ہے۔
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161📚🏗️ Structural AnalysisApproximate Lateral Load Analysis: Cantilever Method
In the cantilever method of lateral load analysis, which of the following assumptions are made?
(i) The axial force in the beam is zero.
(ii) The intensity of axial stress in each column of a storey is proportional to the horizontal distance of that column from the centre of gravity of all columns of the storey under consideration.
(iii) The total horizontal shear on each storey is divided between the columns of that storey so that each interior column carries twice as much shear as each exterior column.
The correct answer is
Explanation
In the Cantilever Method of approximate lateral frame analysis: 1. A point of inflection occurs at the mid-point of each beam and column, 2. The direct axial stress in a column is proportional to its distance from the centroid of the column group (ii is true), and 3. Axial force in beams is negligible/zero (i is true). Statement (iii) belongs to the Portal method.
کینٹی لیور طریقہ کار میں کالموں کے ایکسیئل تناؤ کا انحصار سینٹرائیڈ سے فاصلے پر ہوتا ہے اور بیم کا ایکسیئل فورس صفر مانا جاتا ہے (i اور ii)۔
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162📚🌊 Hydrology & Flood EstimationEmpirical Flood Formulas
According to Dicken's formula for estimating floods, the peak discharge is proportional to:
(Where AA is catchment area in square kilometres)
Explanation
Dicken's empirical formula for peak flood discharge (widely used in Northern and Central India) is Qp=CD⋅A3/4Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4}, where QpQ_p is proportional to A3/4A^{3/4}.
ڈکنز کے فارمولے کے مطابق سیلابی ڈسچارج Qp=CD⋅A3/4Q_p = C_D \cdot A^{3/4} کیچمنٹ ایریا کے A3/4A^{3/4} کے متناسب ہوتا ہے۔
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163📚🚆 Railway EngineeringPoints and Crossings: Flangeway Clearance
Flangeway clearance is the distance
Explanation
Flangeway clearance is the clear horizontal gap provided between the adjoining inner faces of the running rail and the check/guard rail near the crossing to allow unhindered passage for wheel flanges.
فلینج وے کلیئرنس رننگ ریل اور چیک ریل کے درمیان کا افقی فاصلہ ہے۔
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164📚📊 Construction Project ManagementPERT Uncertainty & Variance
The time estimates obtained from four contractors P, Q, R and S for executing a particular job are as under:
P: to=5,tm=10,tp=13t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=13
Q: to=6,tm=9,tp=12t_o=6, t_m=9, t_p=12
R: to=5,tm=10,tp=14t_o=5, t_m=10, t_p=14
S: to=4,tm=10,tp=13t_o=4, t_m=10, t_p=13
Which one of the contractors is more certain about completing the work in time:
Explanation
Certainty is measured by the lowest standard deviation / variance σ=tp−to6\sigma = \frac{t_p - t_o}{6}. For P: σ=(13−5)/6=1.33\sigma = (13-5)/6 = 1.33. For Q: σ=(12−6)/6=1.00\sigma = (12-6)/6 = 1.00. For R: σ=(14−5)/6=1.50\sigma = (14-5)/6 = 1.50. For S: σ=(13−4)/6=1.50\sigma = (13-4)/6 = 1.50. Contractor Q has the minimum uncertainty (σ=1.00\sigma = 1.00) and is therefore the most certain.
سب سے کم فرق اور غیر یقینی (Standard deviation) ٹھیکیدار Q کے تخمینے میں ہے، اس لیے وہ سب سے زیادہ قابل اعتماد ہے۔
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165📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringWater Distribution Layouts: Grid Iron
Among the following water supply distribution system, which one is referred to as Reticulation system?
Explanation
The Grid Iron system (interlaced/reticulation network) features interconnected loops and mains without dead ends, allowing continuous multi-directional circulation.
گرڈ آئرن سسٹم (Grid Iron system) کو ریٹیکولیشن سسٹم بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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166📚General EnglishCensus 2011 Data
As per the 2011 Census, which is the least populated state in India?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census of India, Sikkim is the least populated state with a population of approximately 6.10 lakh (610,577610,577), followed by Mizoram.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔
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167📚General EnglishWorld Sea Routes & Trade
Which is the busiest sea route in the world?
Explanation
The North Atlantic Sea Route (linking industrialized North-Eastern USA and Western Europe) is the busiest and most heavily trafficked maritime oceanic trade route in the world, carrying one-fourth of global foreign trade.
شمالی اوقیانوس کا سمندری راستہ (North Atlantic Route) دنیا کا سب سے مصروف ترین تجارتی بحری راستہ ہے۔
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168📚General EnglishHorticulture in Jammu & Kashmir
Which district is known as 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir'?
Explanation
Shopian district in South Kashmir is famously known as the 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir' because of its vast, high-density, superior-quality apple orchards.
جنوبی کشمیر کے ضلع شوپیاں (Shopian) کو جموں و کشمیر کا 'سیب کا پیالہ' (Apple Bowl of J&K) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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169📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr.40\text{ km/hr.} and the rest at 60 km/hr.60\text{ km/hr.} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Harmonic average speed for two equal distance halves Vavg=2×40×6040+60=4800100=48 km/hV_{avg} = \frac{2 \times 40 \times 60}{40 + 60} = \frac{4800}{100} = 48\text{ km/h}. Total Distance =Speed×Time=48 km/h×8 h=384 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 48\text{ km/h} \times 8\text{ h} = 384\text{ km}.
اوسط رفتار = 48 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ۔ کل فاصلہ = 48 \times 8 = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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170📚General EnglishBoats and Streams
A boat moving upstream takes 8 hours 48 minutes to cover a distance while it takes 4 hours to return to the starting point, downstream. What is the ratio of the speed of boat in still water to that of water current?
Explanation
Upstream time tu=8 h 48 min=8.8 h=445 ht_u = 8\text{ h } 48\text{ min} = 8.8\text{ h} = \frac{44}{5}\text{ h}. Downstream time td=4 ht_d = 4\text{ h}. Since distance is equal: (u−v)×445=(u+v)×4  ⟹  11(u−v)=5(u+v)  ⟹  11u−11v=5u+5v  ⟹  6u=16v  ⟹  uv=166=83(u-v) \times \frac{44}{5} = (u+v) \times 4 \implies 11(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 11u - 11v = 5u + 5v \implies 6u = 16v \implies \frac{u}{v} = \frac{16}{6} = \frac{8}{3}. Ratio is 8:3.
فاصلہ برابر ہونے کی وجہ سے: 11(u−v)=5(u+v)  ⟹  6u=16v  ⟹  u:v=8:311(u-v) = 5(u+v) \implies 6u = 16v \implies u:v = 8:3 ہے۔
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171📚General EnglishNatural Disasters & Tropical Cyclones
Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?
Explanation
Hurricane/Tropical Storm Idalia caused severe widespread flooding and destruction across western Cuba before making landfall as a major Category 3 hurricane in the Big Bend region of Florida, USA in late August 2023.
اگست 2023 میں سمندری طوفان ایڈالیا (Idalia) نے کیوبا (Cuba) اور امریکہ کو شدید متاثر کیا۔
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172📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KCensus 2011 Data
According to the census of 2011, which state has the least population in India?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census, Sikkim is the least populated State in India with a population of 610,577610,577 (Lakshadweep is a Union Territory, not a state).
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سکم (Sikkim) ہندوستان کی سب سے کم آبادی والی ریاست ہے۔
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173📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KDrainage System: West-Flowing Rivers
Which among the following rivers flows from East to West, eventually meeting the Arabian sea?
Explanation
The Narmada River (along with the Tapti) flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and empties into the Arabian Sea at the Gulf of Khambhat.
دریائے نرمدا (Narmada) مشرق سے مغرب کی طرف بہہ کر بحیرہ عرب میں گرتا ہے۔
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174📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KSpeed, Time and Distance
A car is running at a speed of 108 km/hr,108\text{ km/hr}, what distance will it cover in 15 sec?
Explanation
Speed =108 km/h=108×518 m/s=30 m/s= 108\text{ km/h} = 108 \times \frac{5}{18}\text{ m/s} = 30\text{ m/s}. Distance =Speed×Time=30 m/s×15 s=450 meters= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 30\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 450\text{ meters}.
رفتار = 108×518=30 m/s108 \times \frac{5}{18} = 30\text{ m/s}۔ فاصلہ = 30 \times 15 = 450 میٹر ہے۔
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175📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityDirection Sense Test
If a person starts facing north, turns 45 degrees clockwise, then 90 degrees counterclockwise, and finally 135 degrees clockwise, in which direction is the person facing now?
Explanation
Initial: North (0∘0^\circ). Clockwise =+45∘+135∘=+180∘= +45^\circ + 135^\circ = +180^\circ. Counterclockwise =−90∘= -90^\circ. Net rotation =+180∘−90∘=+90∘= +180^\circ - 90^\circ = +90^\circ (East). The person is facing East.
خالص گھماؤ: +45−90+135=+90∘+45 - 90 + 135 = +90^\circ (مشرق کی سمت)۔
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176📚Basic Concepts of ComputersIndian National Movement Chronology
Arrange the following in chronological order (oldest to newest)
a. Swadeshi Movement
b. Non-Cooperation Movement
c. Quit India Movement
d. Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation
Historical chronology: a. Swadeshi Movement (1905), b. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), d. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), c. Quit India Movement (1942). Order: a, b, d, c.
تاریخی ترتیب: سودیشی تحریک (1905)، تحریک عدم تعاون (1920)، سول نافرمانی (1930)، ہندوستان چھوڑ دو تحریک (1942)۔ ترتیب: a, b, d, c۔
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177📚Basic Concepts of ComputersSet Theory & Percentages
In an examination, 34% of the candidates fail in Arithmetic and 42% in English. If 20% fail in Arithmetic and English, the percentage of those passing in both subjects is
Explanation
Total percentage failed in at least one subject =34%+42%−20%=56%= 34\% + 42\% - 20\% = 56\%. Percentage passing in both subjects =100%−56%=44%= 100\% - 56\% = 44\%.
کسی ایک مضمون میں فیل ہونے والے = 34+42−20=56%34 + 42 - 20 = 56\%۔ دونوں میں پاس ہونے والے = 100−56=44%100 - 56 = 44\% ہیں۔
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178📚Basic Concepts of ComputersPage Layout & Orientation
Which of the following is an example of page orientation?
Explanation
Page orientation in word processing and desktop publishing refers to the direction in which a document is displayed or printed, with the two standard options being Portrait (vertical) and Landscape (horizontal).
پیج اورینٹیشن (Page orientation) کی دو اہم مثالیں پورٹریٹ اور لینڈ اسکیپ (Landscape) ہیں۔
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179📚General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Choose the correct meaning of the idiom:
"By the skin of your teeth"
Explanation
The idiom 'by the skin of your teeth' means by the narrowest of margins, just barely, or narrowly avoiding disaster/failure.
'By the skin of your teeth' محاورے کا مطلب بال بال بچنا یا بمشکل بچ نکلنا (narrowly avoiding something) ہے۔
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180📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KChamparan Satyagraha 1917
After returning from South Africa, Gandhiji launched his first successful Satyagraha in
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha movement in India at Champaran (Bihar) in 1917 to fight for the rights of indigo farmers oppressed under the Tinkathia system.
جنوبی افریقہ سے واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی نے ہندوستان میں پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ 1917 میں چمپارن (بہار) میں شروع کیا۔
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181📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityCoastal Plains of India
The name of the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast represents the south-eastern coastal plain region of the Indian subcontinent between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh.
تامل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈیل کوسٹ (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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182📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityIndian States with Tri-Junction Borders
Which State of India has borders with three countries namely Nepal, Bhutan and China?
Explanation
Sikkim is uniquely bounded by three foreign nations: Nepal to the west, Bhutan to the east, and China (Tibet) to the north.
سکم (Sikkim) تین ممالک یعنی نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین کے ساتھ بین الاقوامی سرحدیں رکھتا ہے۔
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183📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityExtreme Geographic Points of India
The Northernmost place of India, 'Indira Col' is situated in
Explanation
Indira Col (5,764 m5,764\text{ m}), the northernmost point of Indian territory situated on the Siachen Muztagh in the Karakoram Range, lies in the Union Territory of Ladakh.
ہندوستان کا سب سے شمالی نقطہ اندرا کول (Indira Col) مرکز کے زیر انتظام علاقے لداخ (Ladakh) میں واقع ہے۔
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184📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityTunnels & Highways in India
India's longest road tunnel is
Explanation
The Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel) on NH-44 in Jammu and Kashmir is India's longest bi-directional road tunnel, stretching 9.28 km9.28\text{ km} (5.8 miles5.8\text{ miles}).
شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل (چینانی-ناشری ٹنل - 9.28 کلومیٹر) ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی روڈ ٹنل ہے۔
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185📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilitySet Theory & Percentages
In a school 40% of the students play football and 50% play cricket. If 18% of the students neither play football nor cricket, the percentage of the students playing both is.
Explanation
Percentage playing at least one game =100%−18%=82%= 100\% - 18\% = 82\%. Using union formula: n(F∪C)=n(F)+n(C)−n(F∩C)  ⟹  82%=40%+50%−n(F∩C)  ⟹  n(F∩C)=90%−82%=8%n(F \cup C) = n(F) + n(C) - n(F \cap C) \implies 82\% = 40\% + 50\% - n(F \cap C) \implies n(F \cap C) = 90\% - 82\% = 8\%.
دونوں کھیل کھیلنے والے طلباء کا فیصد = 40+50−(100−18)=90−82=8%40 + 50 - (100 - 18) = 90 - 82 = 8\% ہے۔
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186📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف روانہ ہوا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف منہ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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187📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
City D is to the West of city M. City R is to the South of city D. If city K is to the East to city R, then in which direction is city K located in respect of city D?
Explanation
Taking City D as origin (0,0)(0,0): City R is South (0,−y)(0, -y). City K is East of R (+x,−y)(+x, -y). Relative to City D, City K lies in the South-East quadrant.
شہر D کے لحاظ سے شہر K جنوب مشرق (South-East) میں واقع ہے۔
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188📚Basic Concepts of ComputersDirection Sense Test
A boy first goes in South direction, then he turns towards left and travels for some distance. After that he turns right and moves certain distance. At last he turns left and travels again for some distance. Now, in which direction is he moving?
Explanation
Sequence: South → Left (faces East) → Right (faces South) → Left (faces East). He is moving in the East direction.
جنوب کی طرف چل کر بائیں (مشرق)، دائیں (جنوب) اور پھر بائیں مڑنے پر وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف جا رہا ہے۔
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189📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMachine Design: Gear Tooth Profiles
What is the most employed tooth profile in gear drives for power transmission?
Explanation
The Involute profile is universally preferred for power transmission gears because it maintains a constant velocity ratio even if center distance varies slightly and is easy to manufacture with straight-sided hobs/cutters.
پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے انوولیوٹ (Involute) ٹوتھ پروفائل سب سے زیادہ استعمال ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
190📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMetrology: Vernier Calipers
The least count of a vernier caliper is defined as:
Explanation
Least Count (LC) of a vernier instrument is the difference between the value of 1 Main Scale Division (1 MSD) and 1 Vernier Scale Division (1 VSD), i.e., LC=1 MSD−1 VSDLC = 1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}.
ورنیئر کیلیپر کا لیسٹ کاؤنٹ مین اسکیل ڈویژن اور ورنیئر اسکیل ڈویژن کا فرق (1 MSD−1 VSD1\text{ MSD} - 1\text{ VSD}) ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
191📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringEngineering Mechanics: Friction & Braking
To stop a car in shortest distance on a horizontal road, one should:
Explanation
Static coefficient of friction (μs)(\mu_s) is greater than kinetic/sliding coefficient of friction (μk)(\mu_k). Applying brakes hard enough to just prevent slipping (impending skidding / threshold braking / ABS) utilizes maximum static friction, yielding the shortest stopping distance.
سب سے کم فاصلے میں کار روکنے کے لیے بریک اس حد تک لگانی چاہیے کہ پہیے پھسلنے سے محفوظ رہیں (تھریش ہولڈ بریکنگ)۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
192📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringStrength of Materials: Column Buckling
Among the following factors, which one does NOT influence the buckling load:
Explanation
Euler's critical buckling load is given by Pcr=π2EILe2P_{cr} = \frac{\pi^2 E I}{L_e^2}. It depends directly on Young's modulus EE, least moment of inertia II, effective length LeL_e, and slenderness ratio λ\lambda. Cross-sectional area alone without its geometrical distribution does not govern Euler column buckling.
آئیولر کے بکلنگ لوڈ کا انحصار ماڈیولس آف ایلاسٹسٹی، سلمبرنس ریشو اور مومنٹ آف انرشا پر ہوتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
193📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Atomic Bonding
In diamond, the nature of the atomic bond is:
Explanation
Diamond consists of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystal structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms via strong sp3sp^3 directional covalent bonds.
ہیرے (Diamond) میں کاربن ایٹمز کے درمیان مضبوط کوویلینٹ بانڈنگ (Covalent bond) پائی جاتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
194📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringMaterial Science: Mechanical Properties of Ceramics
How is the creep strength of ceramics when compared to other materials?
Explanation
Ceramics possess extremely high melting points, strong directional ionic/covalent bonds, and low atomic diffusion rates at elevated temperatures, conferring Excellent creep resistance compared to metals and polymers.
سیرامکس میں کرسٹل بانڈنگ انتہائی مضبوط ہونے کی وجہ سے ان کی کریپ مزاحمت بہترین (Excellent) ہوتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
195📚General Awareness & ScienceLatitudinal & Longitudinal Extent of India
Which line passes through India?
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N} latitude) passes through the middle of India, dividing the country into almost two equal halves across 8 Indian States (Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram).
خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer - 23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) ہندوستان کے 8 ریاستوں سے گزرتا ہے۔
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196📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Starts East → Turns right (faces South) → Turns left (faces East). He is currently facing East.
مشرق کی طرف رخ کر کے چلنا شروع کیا، دائیں مڑ کر جنوب اور پھر بائیں مڑ کر دوبارہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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197📚General Awareness & ScienceLanguages of North-East India
Bodo language is spoken mainly in which of the following states of India?
Explanation
Bodo (Boro), an official language listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is primarily spoken in the state of Assam (Bodoland Territorial Region).
بوڈو (Bodo) زبان بنیادی طور پر ریاست آسام میں بولی جاتی ہے۔
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198📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
A car completes a certain journey in 8 hours. It covers half the distance at 40 km/hr.40\text{ km/hr.} and the rest at 60 km/hr.60\text{ km/hr.} The total distance of the journey is:
Explanation
Let total distance =D km= D\text{ km}. D/240+D/260=8  ⟹  D80+D120=8  ⟹  3D+2D240=8  ⟹  5D=1920  ⟹  D=384 km\frac{D/2}{40} + \frac{D/2}{60} = 8 \implies \frac{D}{80} + \frac{D}{120} = 8 \implies \frac{3D + 2D}{240} = 8 \implies 5D = 1920 \implies D = 384\text{ km}.
کل طے شدہ فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 240}{5} = 384 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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199📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of Indian States
What is the capital of Meghalaya?
Explanation
Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).
ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔
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200📚Basic MathematicsArithmetic Progression & Distance
The speed of a car increases by 2 km after every hour. If the distance travelled in the first one hour was 35 km. What the total distance travelled in 12 hours?
Explanation
Arithmetic Progression with first term a=35 kma = 35\text{ km}, common difference d=2 kmd = 2\text{ km}, number of terms n=12n = 12. Total distance S12=n2[2a+(n−1)d]=6[2(35)+11(2)]=6[70+22]=6×92=552 kmS_{12} = \frac{n}{2} [2a + (n-1)d] = 6 [2(35) + 11(2)] = 6 [70 + 22] = 6 \times 92 = 552\text{ km}.
حسابی سلسلہ (AP): کل فاصلہ S_{12} = 6 \times 92 = 552 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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201📚General Awareness & SciencePhysics: Lens Formula
An object is placed 10 cm from a diverging lens which forms an image 6.5 cm from the lens. What is the focal length of the lens?
Explanation
For a diverging (concave) lens: object distance u=−10 cmu = -10\text{ cm}, virtual image distance v=−6.5 cmv = -6.5\text{ cm}. Using lens formula: 1f=1v−1u=1−6.5−1−10=−213+110=−20+13130=−7130  ⟹  f=−1307≈−18.57 cm≈−18.5 cm\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{-6.5} - \frac{1}{-10} = -\frac{2}{13} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{-20 + 13}{130} = -\frac{7}{130} \implies f = -\frac{130}{7} \approx -18.57\text{ cm} \approx -18.5\text{ cm}.
لینز فارمولے سے فوکل لمبائی f = -18.5 سینٹی میٹر حاصل ہوتی ہے۔
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202📚General Awareness & ScienceLongitudes & Time Calculations
If Greenwich meridian time is 12 noon, then what will be the time at 45 degree East longitude?
Explanation
Earth rotates 360∘360^\circ in 24 hours   ⟹  15∘\implies 15^\circ per hour (or 1∘1^\circ in 4 minutes). For 45∘ East45^\circ\text{ East} (ahead of GMT): Time difference =45∘15∘/hr=+3 hours= \frac{45^\circ}{15^\circ/\text{hr}} = +3\text{ hours}. Local time =12:00 Noon+3 hours=3:00 PM= 12:00\text{ Noon} + 3\text{ hours} = 3:00\text{ PM}.
45∘45^\circ مشرق پر وقت گرین وچ سے 3 گھنٹے آگے ہوگا، لہذا دوپہر 12 بجے کے بعد سہ پہر کے 3 بجیں گے (3 PM)۔
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203📚Basic MathematicsSet Theory: Venn Diagrams
Among 200 persons, 90 people like Tea while 108 people like Coffee and 46 people like both Tea and Coffee. How many person like neither nor coffee?
Explanation
Number liking at least one beverage: n(T∪C)=n(T)+n(C)−n(T∩C)=90+108−46=152n(T \cup C) = n(T) + n(C) - n(T \cap C) = 90 + 108 - 46 = 152. Persons liking neither =200−152=48= 200 - 152 = 48.
دونوں میں سے کچھ بھی پسند نہ کرنے والوں کی تعداد = 200−(90+108−46)=200−152=48200 - (90 + 108 - 46) = 200 - 152 = 48 ہے۔
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204📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Bridge Length
A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr5\text{ km/hr} crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. The length of the bridge (in metres) is?
Explanation
Speed v=5 km/hr=5×518=2518 m/sv = 5\text{ km/hr} = 5 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{25}{18}\text{ m/s}. Time t=15 min=15×60=900 secondst = 15\text{ min} = 15 \times 60 = 900\text{ seconds}. Length of bridge =Speed×Time=2518×900=25×50=1250 metres= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 25 \times 50 = 1250\text{ metres}.
پل کی لمبائی = رفتار ×وقت = \frac{25}{18} \times 900 = 1250 میٹر ہے۔
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205📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Unit Conversion
A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is his speed in km per hour?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=DistanceTime=15025=6 m/s\text{m/s} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{150}{25} = 6\text{ m/s}. Converting to km/hr\text{km/hr}: 6×185=1085=21.6 km/hr6 \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{108}{5} = 21.6\text{ km/hr}.
سائیکل کی رفتار = \frac{150}{25} \times \frac{18}{5} = 21.6 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے۔
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206📚Basic MathematicsAverages: Weight Inclusions
The average weight of a class of 24 students is 35 kg. If the weight of the teacher be included, the average rises by 400 g. The weight of the teacher is?
Explanation
Total students weight =24×35=840 kg= 24 \times 35 = 840\text{ kg}. New total people =25= 25, new average =35+0.4=35.4 kg= 35 + 0.4 = 35.4\text{ kg}. Total weight =25×35.4=885 kg= 25 \times 35.4 = 885\text{ kg}. Teacher's weight =885−840=45 kg= 885 - 840 = 45\text{ kg}.
استاد کا وزن = 885 - 840 = 45 کلوگرام ہے۔
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207📚Basic MathematicsHCF and LCM: Divisibility and Remainders
The least multiple of 13, which on dividing by 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves remainder 2 in each case is ?
Explanation
LCM(4,5,6,7,8)=840\text{LCM}(4, 5, 6, 7, 8) = 840. Required number is of form 840k+2840k + 2. Testing k=3k=3: 840(3)+2=2520+2=2522840(3) + 2 = 2520 + 2 = 2522. 2522÷13=1942522 \div 13 = 194 (exactly divisible by 13).
13 کا سب سے چھوٹا ضرب جو شرط پوری کرتا ہے 25222522 ہے۔
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208📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras Theorem
From his house, Avinash went to Kapil's house situated 500 m towards the north-east of his own house. From there, both of them went to Varun's house situated 400 m towards the south of Kapil's house. What is the shortest distance between Avinash's current location and his location at the beginning?
Explanation
In right triangle with hypotenuse 500m (NE path) and vertical south leg 400m: By Pythagorean theorem, horizontal base =5002−4002=250000−160000=90000=300 m= \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = \sqrt{250000 - 160000} = \sqrt{90000} = 300\text{ m}.
مختصر ترین فاصلہ = \sqrt{500^2 - 400^2} = 300 میٹر ہے۔
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209📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Tina is to the 75 m south east of veena. Rina is to the 75 m south west of veena. Tina is to the ________ of Rina?
Explanation
Veena is at origin. Tina is at (+x,−y)(+x, -y) and Rina is at (−x,−y)(-x, -y) on the same horizontal south line. Therefore, Tina is directly to the East of Rina.
ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) کی طرف واقع ہے۔
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210📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Angles & Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise, again 180∘180^\circ anti-clockwise and then 225∘225^\circ clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Initial direction = East (0∘0^\circ). Anti-clockwise turns: +45∘+180∘=+225∘+45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise turn: −225∘-225^\circ. Net rotation =+225∘−225∘=0∘= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. He is still facing East.
مجموعی گھماؤ صفر ڈگری ہے، لہذا وہ اب بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
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211📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Rishabh starts walking towards the west. After walking 70 m he turns to the left and walks 35 m straight. He turns left again and walks 30 m, again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 35 m. How far is he from the starting point ?
Explanation
Starts (0,0) → West to (-70, 0) → South to (-70, -35) → East 30m to (-40, -35) → North 35m to (-40, 0). Distance from start (0,0)=40 m(0,0) = 40\text{ m}.
ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 70 - 30 = 40 میٹر ہے۔
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212📚General Awareness & ScienceWorld Happiness Report 2024
In the World Happiness Report 2024, what is India's ranking?
Explanation
In the World Happiness Report 2024 published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, India ranked 126th out of 143 surveyed nations.
عالمی خوشحالی رپورٹ 2024 میں ہندوستان کا رینک 126واں ہے۔
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213📚General Awareness & ScienceBattle of Plassey (1757)
The Battle of Plassey was fought in
Explanation
The historic Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company led by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah, establishing British dominance in Bengal.
پلاسی کی جنگ 23 جون 1757 کو لڑی گئی تھی۔
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214📚General Awareness & SciencePhysical Geography: Latitudes & Hemispheres
The southernmost point of peninsular India, that is, Kanyakumari, is
Explanation
Kanyakumari is situated at latitude 8∘4′ N8^\circ 4'\text{ N}, which lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, North of the Equator (0∘0^\circ).
کنیا کماری (8∘4′ N8^\circ 4'\text{ N}) خط استوا (Equator) کے شمال میں واقع ہے۔
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215📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Classical Dances & Origins
Kathak, a classical dance form, originated from
Explanation
Kathak, derived from Sanskrit 'Katha' (storytellers / Kathakars), is a major classical Indian dance form that originated in Northern India, primarily Uttar Pradesh.
کتھک کلاسیکی رقص کی ابتدا شمالی ہندوستان (اتر پردیش) سے ہوئی۔
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216📚General Awareness & ScienceIndus River Basin & Tributaries
Zanskar is a tributary of
Explanation
The Zanskar River is a major north-flowing left-bank tributary of the Indus River, joining it near Nimmu in Ladakh.
دریائے زنسکار، دریائے سندھ (Indus River) کا ایک اہم معاون دریا ہے۔
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217📚General Awareness & ScienceState Folk Dances
Which Indian state celebrate Bihu as a folk dance?
Explanation
Bihu is the most prominent folk dance and cultural festival of the northeastern state of Assam (celebrated as Rongali, Kongali, and Bhogali Bihu).
بیہو (Bihu) رقص ریاست آسام کا روایتی لوک رقص اور تہوار ہے۔
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218📚General Awareness & ScienceEast-Flowing vs West-Flowing Rivers
Which of the following river is not a west flowing river in India?
Explanation
The Rushikulya River is an East-flowing river in Odisha draining into the Bay of Bengal (famous for Olive Ridley turtle nesting). Bharathappuzha, Sabarmati, and Periyar flow west into the Arabian Sea.
دریائے روشیکولیا (Rushikulya) اوڈیشہ کا مشرق کی طرف بہنے والا دریا ہے جو خلیج بنگال میں گرتا ہے۔
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219📚General Awareness & ScienceTropic of Cancer: States Traversed
The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which of the following Indian states?
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer (23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It does NOT pass through Assam.
خط سرطان (Tropic of Cancer) ریاست آسام سے نہیں گزرتا۔
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220📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of North-Eastern States
What is the capital of Mizoram?
Explanation
Aizawl is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Mizoram. (Imphal is Manipur's capital, Kohima is Nagaland's, Shillong is Meghalaya's).
ریاست میزورم کا دارالحکومت آئیزول (Aizawl) ہے۔
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221📚General Awareness & ScienceWestern Disturbances & Winter Weather in Kashmir
The Kashmir region receives an additional amount of precipitation during the winter brought by which of the following?
Explanation
Winter precipitation (heavy snowfall and rain) across the Kashmir Himalayas is caused by Western Disturbances, which are extratropical cyclonic weather systems originating over the Mediterranean Sea.
کشمیر میں موسم سرما کی برف باری اور بارشیں مغربی ہوائی خلل یعنی ویسٹرن ڈسٹربنس (Western Disturbances) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہیں۔
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222📚General Awareness & ScienceMajor Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna 2023
Who won the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2023?
Explanation
India's premier Men's Badminton doubles duo, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty, were jointly conferred the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2023 for winning Asian Games Gold and reaching World No. 1 ranking.
سال 2023 کا دھیان چند کھیل رتن ایوارڈ بیڈمنٹن جوڑی ساتوک سائراج رینکی ریڈی اور چراغ شیٹی کو دیا گیا۔
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223📚General Awareness & ScienceHemis National Park
Consider the following statements about the Hemis National Park:
1. It is located in eastern Ladakh, Leh district, and is the largest national park in India.
2. Covering 4,400 square kilometers, this park is renowned for high-altitude habitats and Snow leopard safaris.
3. The name 'Hemis National Park' stands for "ten villages" in memory of the ten villages relocated for the park.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are accurate. Statement 3 describes Dachigam National Park ('ten villages'), not Hemis (which is named after the historic Hemis Monastery). Thus, only 1 and 2 are correct.
صرف بیانات 1 اور 2 درست ہیں۔ 'دس گاؤں' کا تعلق داچی گام سے ہے نہ کہ ہیمس نیشنل پارک سے۔
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224📚Basic ReasoningClock & Direction Sense Test
Shalini placed the wall clock on the table in such a way that at 3 P.M. hour hand points to the West. In which direction the minute hand will point at 6.45 P.M.?
Explanation
Standard 3 P.M. hour hand points East (90∘90^\circ). Here it points West (270∘270^\circ), representing a 180∘180^\circ reversal of cardinal directions. At 6:45 P.M., the minute hand normally points to 9 (West). Under the 180∘180^\circ transformed dial, West becomes East.
گھڑی کے رخ کو 180 ڈگری الٹ کرنے پر 6:45 پر منٹ کی سوئی مشرق (East) کی طرف اشارہ کرے گی۔
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225📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test: Pythagoras & Vectors
Rihan is facing south. He turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and walks 8 km in the same direction. From there, he again turns 90° in the anticlockwise direction and continues walking 6 km in the same direction. How far and in which direction Rihan is, from the starting point?
Explanation
Starting point (0,0) facing South. Turns 90∘90^\circ anticlockwise → faces East, walks 8 km to (8, 0). Turns 90∘90^\circ anticlockwise → faces North, walks 6 km to (8, 6). Shortest distance =82+62=64+36=10 km= \sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{64 + 36} = 10\text{ km}, Direction = North-East.
ابتدائی نقطہ سے فاصلہ = 82+62=10\sqrt{8^2 + 6^2} = 10 کلومیٹر اور سمت شمال مشرق (North East) ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
226📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Delay Problems
With an average speed of 50 km/hr50\text{ km/hr} a train reaches its destination in time. If it goes with an average speed of 40 km/hr40\text{ km/hr} it is late by 24 minutes. The total journey is
Explanation
Time difference =24 minutes=2460=25 hours= 24\text{ minutes} = \frac{24}{60} = \frac{2}{5}\text{ hours}. D40−D50=25  ⟹  5D−4D200=25  ⟹  D200=25  ⟹  D=80 km\frac{D}{40} - \frac{D}{50} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{5D - 4D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies \frac{D}{200} = \frac{2}{5} \implies D = 80\text{ km}.
سفر کا کل فاصلہ D = \frac{2}{5} \times 200 = 80 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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227📚Basic MathematicsProbability & Combinations
A committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the probability that the committee has at least 1 woman?
Explanation
Total ways to choose 3 out of 5 people =(53)=10= \binom{5}{3} = 10. Ways to choose committee with NO women (all 3 men) =(33)=1= \binom{3}{3} = 1. Probability of at least 1 woman =1−110=910= 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10}.
کم از کم ایک عورت شامل ہونے کا امکان =1−1/10=9/10= 1 - 1/10 = 9/10 ہے۔
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228📚General Awareness & ScienceTrophic Structure: Food Chains
A plant being eaten by a herbivorous which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous makes
Explanation
A linear unidirectional nutritional feeding sequence where nutrients and energy transfer from producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer constitutes a Food Chain.
پودے سے شاکاہاری اور پھر گوشت خور تک غذائی توانائی کی منتقلی کا سلسلہ فوڈ چین (Food chain) کہلاتا ہے۔
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229📚General Awareness & ScienceLatitudes and Longitudes
The distance between the longitude
Explanation
Lines of longitude (meridians) are furthest apart at the Equator (≈111.3 km\approx 111.3\text{ km}) and gradually converge, with the distance between them decreasing to zero at both the North and South Poles.
خطوط طول البلد کے درمیان فاصلہ قطبین (Poles) کی طرف جاتے ہوئے گھٹتا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
230📚General Awareness & ScienceForest Ecology & Monoculture
Teak monoculture has damaged the natural forest in
Explanation
Extensive colonial commercial Teak monoculture plantations replaced complex multi-species moist deciduous forests in South India (Western Ghats), reducing native biodiversity.
ساگون (Teak) کی یک فصلہ کاشت نے جنوبی ہندوستان (South India) کے قدرتی جنگلات کو نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
231📚General Awareness & ScienceMajor Agricultural Producers
Consider the following pairs:
1. Largest litchi producing state in India — a. West Bengal
2. Cocoa producing state in India — b. Madhya Pradesh
3. Largest wheat-producing states in India — c. Kerala
4. Largest rice producing state in India — d. Bihar
Which of the following pair is correct?
Explanation
Litchi = Bihar (1d), Cocoa = Kerala (2c), Wheat = UP/MP (3b), Rice = West Bengal (4a)   ⟹  \implies 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a.
درست جوڑے: لیچی (بہار - 1d)، کوکو (کیرالہ - 2c)، گندم (مدھیہ پردیش - 3b)، چاول (مغربی بنگال - 4a)۔
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232📚General Awareness & ScienceRecognition of State Political Parties
Consider the following statements:
1. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and
2. Wins at least 5 seats is recognised as a state party.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Under Election Commission of India rules, a party is recognized as a State Party if it secures ≥6%\ge 6\% of valid votes and wins at least 2 Assembly seats (not 5 seats). Thus, only Statement 1 is correct.
الیکشن کمیشن کے قوانین کے مطابق کم از کم 6 فیصد ووٹ اور 2 سیٹیں درکار ہوتی ہیں، لہذا صرف بیان 1 درست ہے۔
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233📚General Awareness & ScienceSI Base Units: Length
What is the standard unit of length in the International System of Units?
Explanation
The Metre (m) is the base SI unit of length defined by the distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,4581 / 299,792,458 seconds.
بین الاقوامی نظام اکائیات (SI) میں لمبائی کی بنیادی اکائی میٹر (Meter) ہے۔
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234📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KMiddle East Geopolitics in News
Who is the military commander of Hamas's military wing during the Israel-Hamas 2023 conflict?
Explanation
Mohammed Deif was the supreme military commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas.
حماس کے عسکری ونگ (القسام بریگیڈز) کے کمانڈر محمد ضیف تھے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
235📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KJ&K Panchayati Raj Act 1989: Meeting Frequency
What is the minimum requirement on the number of meetings to be conducted by gram panchayat in Jammu and Kashmir.
Explanation
Under the Jammu and Kashmir Panchayati Raj Act, 1989, a Halqa Panchayat / Gram Panchayat is legally mandated to meet at least once a month for administrative business.
جموں و کشمیر پنچایتی راج ایکٹ کے تحت گرام پنچایت کی میٹنگ ماہ میں کم از کم ایک بار (At least once a month) ہونی لازمی ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
236📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement and Conclusions
Statements: Government has spoiled many top ranking financial institutions by appointing bureaucrats as Directors of these institutions.
Conclusions:
1. Government should appoint Directors of the financial institutes taking into consideration the expertise of the person in the area of finance.
2. The Director of the financial institute should have expertise commensurate with the financial work carried out by the institute.
Explanation
Both conclusions directly address the premise's root problem by asserting that directors should possess specific financial expertise matching institutional roles. Both (1) and (2) follow.
دونوں نتائج (1 اور 2) بیان کے منطقی حل کے طور پر اخذ ہوتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
237📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense: Shadow Problems
One morning, Manish and Ali were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Ali's shadow was exactly to the left of Manish, which direction was Manish facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. If the shadow is to Manish's left, then Manish's left side is West. Therefore, Manish must be facing North.
صبح کے وقت سایہ مغرب میں پڑتا ہے۔ بائیں ہاتھ پر مغرب ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ منیش کا رخ شمال (North) کی طرف ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
238📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense & Distance
Kedar left home and ran 20 km towards South, then turned right and ran 10 km. He took rest for ten minutes at the same spot and then again turned right and ran 20 km. After this he turned left and ran 20 km to the cricket ground. How many kilometers will he have to run back to reach his home by shortest route?
Explanation
From home (0,0): South 20 km to (0, -20) → Right (West) 10 km to (-10, -20) → Right (North) 20 km to (-10, 0) → Left (West) 20 km to (-30, 0). Shortest horizontal distance to return home (0,0)=30 km(0,0) = 30\text{ km}.
گھر واپس پہنچنے کا مختصر ترین سیدھا فاصلہ = 10 + 20 = 30 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
239📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance: Relative Speed
Bombay Express left Delhi for Bombay at 14.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 60 km/h and Rajdhani Express left Delhi for Bombay on the same day at 16.30 hrs., travelling at a speed of 80 kmph. How far away from Delhi will the two trains meet?
Explanation
Time gap =2 hours= 2\text{ hours} (14:30 to 16:30). Lead distance =60×2=120 km= 60 \times 2 = 120\text{ km}. Relative speed =80−60=20 km/hr= 80 - 60 = 20\text{ km/hr}. Time to catch up =12020=6 hours= \frac{120}{20} = 6\text{ hours}. Distance from Delhi =80 km/hr×6 hours=480 km= 80\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hours} = 480\text{ km}.
دونوں ٹرینیں دہلی سے 80 \times 6 = 480 کلومیٹر کے فاصلے پر ملیں گی۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
240📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsHeights and Distances: Trigonometry
A person standing on the bank of river finds that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower on the opposite bank is 45∘45^\circ, then which of the following statement is correct?
Explanation
In right triangle formed by tower height hh and river breadth dd: tan⁡45∘=hd  ⟹  1=hd  ⟹  h=d\tan 45^\circ = \frac{h}{d} \implies 1 = \frac{h}{d} \implies h = d. The breadth of the river and height of the tower are identical.
چونکہ tan⁡45∘=1\tan 45^\circ = 1 ہے، اس لیے دریا کی چوڑائی اور ٹاور کی اونچائی برابر ہیں۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
241📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsCoordinate Geometry: Intersection of Circles
If two circles (x−1)2+(y−3)2=r2(x - 1)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = r^2 and x2+y2+8x+2y+8=0x^2 + y^2 + 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect in two distinct points, then
Explanation
Circle 1: Center C1(1,3)C_1(1, 3), radius r1=rr_1 = r. Circle 2: Center C2(−4,−1)C_2(-4, -1), radius r2=16+1−8=3r_2 = \sqrt{16 + 1 - 8} = 3. Distance between centers d=(1−(−4))2+(3−(−1))2=25+16=41≈6.4d = \sqrt{(1 - (-4))^2 + (3 - (-1))^2} = \sqrt{25 + 16} = \sqrt{41} \approx 6.4. For intersection in two distinct points: ∣r1−r2∣<d<r1+r2  ⟹  2<r<8|r_1 - r_2| < d < r_1 + r_2 \implies 2 < r < 8.
دو دائروں کے دو مختلف مقامات پر قطع کرنے کی شرط: 2<r<82 < r < 8 ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
242📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KSatellite Launch Trajectories & Orbital Mechanics
Assertion (A): Artificial Satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastwards direction.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Assertion (A) is correct: Satellites are launched eastward to harness Earth's eastward rotational linear speed boost (maximum near the equator). Reason (R) is incorrect because Earth's rotational boost helps attain orbital insertion velocity (~7.8 km/s), NOT escape velocity (11.2 km/s).
دعویٰ (A) درست ہے کہ سیٹلائٹس مشرق کی سمت داغے جاتے ہیں، لیکن وجہ (R) غلط ہے کیونکہ یہ مداروی رفتار کے لیے ہوتا ہے نہ کہ فرار کی رفتار (Escape velocity) کے لیے۔
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243📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KProtected Areas & Biosphere Reserves
Where is the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve located in India?
Explanation
India's designated 'Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve' (encompassing Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal, Sarchu, and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the western Himalayas) is located in Himachal Pradesh.
کولڈ ڈیزرٹ بائیوسفیئر ریزرو ہندوستان کی ریاست ہماچل پردیش (پِن ویلی) میں واقع ہے۔
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244📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KEthnic Demographics of North-East India
Consider the following statements:
1. Thadou is a group of people inhabiting Assam.
2. Boro (Bodo) is a group of people inhabiting Manipur.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements have locations reversed: Thadou people are indigenous to Manipur (and parts of Mizoram/Assam hills), whereas the Boro (Bodo) people are indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Hence, Neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
تھادو قبیلہ بنیادی طور پر منی پور میں اور بوڈو قبیلہ آسام میں آباد ہے، لہذا دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں (Neither 1 nor 2)۔
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245📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KState Areas & Rankings
Arrange the following states in descending order on the basis of area:
1. Rajasthan
2. Madhya Pradesh
3. Karnataka
4. Maharashtra
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Ranking by geographical area in descending order: 1. Rajasthan (342,239 sq km, 1) > 2. Madhya Pradesh (308,245 sq km, 2) > 3. Maharashtra (307,713 sq km, 4) > 4. Karnataka (191,791 sq km, 3)   ⟹  1,2,4,3\implies 1, 2, 4, 3.
رقبے کے لحاظ سے نزولی ترتیب: راجستھان (1) → مدھیہ پردیش (2) → مہاراشٹر (4) → کرناٹک (3) یعنی 1, 2, 4, 3۔
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246📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHoly Rivers of Jammu: Devika River
Consider the following statements:
1. Devika river originates in Himachal Pradesh.
2. It holds religious significance as it is revered as the sister of river Ganga.
3. It flows towards western Punjab where it merges with the Ravi River.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is false: The holy Devika River originates at Sudh Mahadev in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir (not HP). Statements 2 and 3 are historically and geographically correct (revered in Nilamata Purana as the elder sister of Ganga and merges into the Ravi system). Thus, 2 and 3 only are correct.
دیویکا ندی اودھمپور (جموں و کشمیر) سے نکلتی ہے (نہ کہ ایچ پی سے) اور اسے گنگا کی بہن مانا جاتا ہے، لہذا صرف بیانات 2 اور 3 درست ہیں۔
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247📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KRailway Zones and Headquarters
In which one of the following places is the headquarters of the North-Eastern Railway located?
Explanation
The headquarters of the North Eastern Railway (NER) zone of Indian Railways is situated at Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. (Guwahati is the headquarters of the Northeast Frontier Railway / NFR).
شمال مشرقی ریلوے (NER) کا ہیڈ کوارٹر گورکھپور (اتر پردیش) میں واقع ہے۔
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248📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KExercise Sea Dragon
Consider the following statements:
1. Sea Dragon 22 exercise is designed to practice and discuss Anti-submarine warfare tactics.
2. It is a bilateral annual exercise between India and the US.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Exercise Sea Dragon is a premier multinational Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) exercise held at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. Statement 2 is false: It is a multilateral exercise involving six Indo-Pacific nations (US, India, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea), not a bilateral exercise. Thus, 1 only is correct.
سی ڈریگن مشق آبدوز شکن (Anti-submarine) حکمت عملی پر مبنی کثیر ملکی مشق ہے (صرف بیان 1 درست ہے)۔
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249📚General EnglishDev Dynasty Rulers of Jammu
Which ruler of the Dev Dynasty defeated Mahmud of Ghazni with the combined strength of Jammu hill chiefs?
Explanation
According to Dogra chronicles and the Rajdarshani, Raja Bhuj Dev of Jammu united the hill chieftains and inflicted a defeat on Ghaznavid forces during one of their northern expeditions.
راج درشنی کے مطابق راجہ بھوج دیو (Bhuj Dev) نے جموں کے پہاڑی سرداروں کے ساتھ مل کر غزنوی فوجوں کا مقابلہ کیا۔
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250📚General EnglishLatitudinal Spatial Ordering of J&K Cities
Arrange the following places of Kashmir region from North to South:
1. Kargil
2. Gilgit
3. Banihal
4. Sri Nagar
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Latitudinal North to South sequence: Gilgit (35.92° N, 2) → Kargil (34.55° N, 1) → Srinagar (34.08° N, 4) → Banihal (33.50° N, 3)   ⟹  2,1,4,3\implies 2, 1, 4, 3.
شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: گلگت (2) → کارگل (1) → سری نگر (4) → بانہال (3) یعنی 2, 1, 4, 3۔
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251📚General EnglishGeographical Coordinates & Mountain Ranges
Consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir covers an area of 101387 Sq. Kms and lies between Latitude 28°17' and 35°05' North.
2. The higher regions are covered by Pir Panjal, Karakoram, and inner Himalayan ranges of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect (J&K lies between 32°17' N and 37°05' N latitude, not 28°17'). Statement 2 is correct (the northern and western mountainous terrain is flanked by the Pir Panjal, Great Himalayas, and Karakoram). Thus, 2 only is correct.
جموں و کشمیر 32°17' سے 37°05' شمالی عرض البلد کے درمیان واقع ہے، لہذا صرف بیان 2 درست ہے۔
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252📚General EnglishTreaty of Amritsar 1846 & Dogra Dynasty
Which ruler of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, ceding Kashmir to Gulab Singh?
Explanation
Maharaja Gulab Singh signed the historic Treaty of Amritsar on 16 March 1846 with the British East India Company, acquiring the hilly territory of Kashmir for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and founding the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے 1846 میں انگریزوں کے ساتھ معاہدہ امرتسر پر دستخط کیے تھے۔
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253📚General EnglishPostal PIN Code Zones of India
Jammu and Kashmir falls under which postal zonal code in India?
Explanation
Under the Indian Postal PIN Code system, Northern Postal Zone 1 covers Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir (PIN codes starting with digits 18 and 19).
جموں و کشمیر ہندوستانی پوسٹل نظام کے زون 1 (Zone 1 - پن کوڈ 18 اور 19) کے تحت آتا ہے۔
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254📚General EnglishKarakoram Glaciers: Siachen
Which glacier lies in the Karakoram Range system of Kashmir near the India-Pakistan border?
Explanation
The Siachen Glacier (76 km long, the highest battleground in the world) lies in the eastern Karakoram Range along the Line of Control / NJ9842 near the India-Pakistan border.
سیاچن گلیشیر قراقرم رینج میں پاک بھارت سرحد کے قریب واقع دنیا کا سب سے اونچا محاذ جنگ ہے۔
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255📚General Intelligence & ReasoningTables in MS Word
What is the minimum number of rows and columns that a table in MS Word can have?
Explanation
A valid table in Microsoft Word requires at least one cell, which corresponds to a minimum of 1 row and 1 column.
ایم ایس ورڈ کے ٹیبل میں کم از کم 1 قطار اور 1 کالم (1 row and 1 column) ہو سکتا ہے۔
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256📚Basic MathematicsDirection and Distance: Pythagoras Theorem
Rehana drives 6 km west from her home and turns left and drives 3 km and then turns left again and drives 10 km. What is the shortest distance between her home and office?
Explanation
Coordinates from Home (0,0):
1. 6 km West to (-6, 0)
2. Turns left (South) 3 km to (-6, -3)
3. Turns left (East) 10 km to (-6 + 10, -3) = (4, -3)
Shortest straight-line distance =42+(−3)2=16+9=25=5 km= \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}.
فیثاغورث کے فارمولے سے گھر اور دفتر کا فاصلہ = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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257📚Basic MathematicsDirection Sense Test
Tina is to the 75 m south east of Veena. Rina is to the 75m south west of Veena. Tina is to the _____ of Rina?
Explanation
Veena at (0,0). Rina is South-West at (−75cos⁡45∘,−75sin⁡45∘)(-75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ) and Tina is South-East at (+75cos⁡45∘,−75sin⁡45∘)(+75\cos 45^\circ, -75\sin 45^\circ). Both are at the same southward depth. Therefore, Tina lies directly to the East of Rina.
دونوں ایک ہی متوازی خط پر ہیں، اس لیے ٹینا رینا کے بالکل مشرق (East) میں واقع ہے۔
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258📚Basic MathematicsDirection Sense: Angular Turns
A man is facing towards the east. He then turns 45° anti-clockwise, again 180° anti-clockwise and then 225° clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Sum of rotations: Anticlockwise =+45∘+180∘=+225∘= +45^\circ + 180^\circ = +225^\circ. Clockwise =−225∘= -225^\circ. Net angular change =+225∘−225∘=0∘= +225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ. The man remains facing in his original direction: East.
مجموعی زاویائی گردش: +225∘−225∘=0∘+225^\circ - 225^\circ = 0^\circ، یعنی وہ ابھی بھی مشرق (East) کی طرف دیکھ رہا ہے۔
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259📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActSpeed, Time and Distance
You are driving at a speed of 72 km/hr72\text{ km/hr}, how far distance will your vehicle travel in 20 minutes?
Explanation
Time t=20 minutes=2060=13 hourt = 20\text{ minutes} = \frac{20}{60} = \frac{1}{3}\text{ hour}. Distance d=Speed×Time=72 km/hr×13 hr=24 kmd = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 72\text{ km/hr} \times \frac{1}{3}\text{ hr} = 24\text{ km}.
فاصلہ = رفتار ×وقت: 72 \times \frac{20}{60} = 24 کلومیٹر۔
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260📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActSpeed Limits and Accident Prevention
Reduction of traffic speed can be effective in reducing
Explanation
Calibrating and reducing traffic speed significantly reduces vehicle stopping distance and collision energy, drastically lowering the Number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities.
گاڑی کی رفتار کم رکھنے سے سڑک حادثات (Number of crashes) میں نمایاں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے۔
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261📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActCarriageway Design & Lane Specifications
National Highway of 4 lane divided carriage way means
Explanation
A 4-lane divided carriageway highway consists of a central physical median dividing two lanes of dedicated traffic flow in each opposite direction (2 lanes up + 2 lanes down = 4 total lanes).
4-لین ڈیوائیڈڈ ہائی وے کا مطلب دونوں سمتوں میں 2، 2 ٹریفک لینز کا ہونا ہے۔
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262📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActHand Signals of Traffic Police
Traffic police hand signal: Left arm raised diagonally upwards and right arm bent across chest represents:
Explanation
In traffic regulatory signaling, raising the left hand to block vehicles from the left while extending the right hand guides vehicles from the right to proceed or turn.
ٹریفک پولیس کا یہ اشارہ بائیں سے آنے والی ٹریفک کو روک کر دائیں سے آنے والی گاڑیوں کو گزرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔
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263📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDriver Manual Turn Signals
Driver extending right arm outside and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circular direction represents:
Explanation
Under the Motor Vehicle Driving Regulations, a driver extending the right arm horizontally and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circle signals their intention to turn left.
سیدھے ہاتھ کو باہر نکال کر گھڑیال مخالف گھمانا بائیں مڑنے (Turn left) کا اشارہ ہے۔
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264📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActFlashing Amber Light Rules
Approaching an intersection where the yellow signal light is blinking, you should
Explanation
A flashing amber/yellow signal light requires drivers to slow down, look in all directions, and proceed with caution only after ensuring the intersection is clear and safe.
پیلے رنگ کی ٹمٹماتی بتی پر رفتار دھیمی کریں اور سڑک محفوظ ہونے کی تسلی کر کے احتیاط سے آگے بڑھیں۔
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265📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRelative Spatial Orientation of Indian States
The location of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to Bihar in India is
Explanation
Jammu and Kashmir is situated in northernmost India (32∘–37∘ N32^\circ\text{--}37^\circ\text{ N}, 74∘–78∘ E74^\circ\text{--}78^\circ\text{ E}), which lies directly North-West relative to Bihar (24∘–27∘ N24^\circ\text{--}27^\circ\text{ N}, 83∘–88∘ E83^\circ\text{--}88^\circ\text{ E}).
بہار کے جغرافیائی تناظر میں جموں و کشمیر شمال مغرب (North-West) میں واقع ہے۔
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266📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActComponents of a Map
Among (i) Distance, (ii) Direction, and (iii) Symbol, which are the components of a map?
Explanation
In basic cartography, there are three fundamental essential components of every map: 1. Distance (Scale), 2. Direction (Cardinal orientation / Compass rose), and 3. Symbols (Conventional signs).
نقشے کے تین بنیادی اجزاء فاصلہ، سمت اور علامات (i, ii, iii) سبھی شامل ہیں۔
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267📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMap Scale Conversions
On a city road map, it was mentioned "scale 1 cm=100 meter1\text{ cm} = 100\text{ meter}". If the distance between two locations on the map is 15 cm, then the actual distance between the two locations is
Explanation
Actual distance =15 cm×100 meters/cm=1500 meters=1.5 km= 15\text{ cm} \times 100\text{ meters/cm} = 1500\text{ meters} = 1.5\text{ km}.
حقیقی فاصلہ = 15 \times 100 = 1500 میٹر = 1.5 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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268📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActDirection Sense and Displacement
Your residence is at (R) and office is at (O). You drive 10 km North, 7 km West across a bridge, and 10 km South to reach office (O). With respect to office (O), your residence (R) is located:
Explanation
Coordinates from R(0,0): North 10 km to (0, 10) → West 7 km to (-7, 10) → South 10 km to Office O(-7, 0). Since Office O is 7 km West of Residence R, Residence R is located 7 km due East of Office O.
دفتر (O) سے رہائش گاہ (R) کی پوزیشن 7 کلومیٹر مشرق (7 km due east) کی طرف ہے۔
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269📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActMandatory Direction Signs
A blue circular mandatory sign with white arrows pointing straight and left represents:
Explanation
A circular blue sign with white directional arrows indicates a mandatory positive instruction: Compulsory Ahead or Turn Left.
نیلے دائرے میں سیدھا اور بائیں تیر کا نشان لازمی آگے چلنے یا بائیں مڑنے کا حکم دیتا ہے۔
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270📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceHigh-Visibility Safety Garments
If your vehicle has broken down at night, what clothing should be worn to be more visible to traffic?
Explanation
Wearing bright fluorescent retro-reflective high-visibility clothing/vests ensures drivers are easily visible to oncoming headlights from great distances at night.
رات کو گاڑی خراب ہونے پر چمکدار فلورسنٹ یا ریفلیکٹو کپڑے پہننے چاہییں تاکہ دور سے نظر آ سکیں۔
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271📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTyre-Pavement Friction & Hydroplaning
Driving a four wheeler on a wet road is difficult due to
Explanation
Water on road surfaces forms a thin lubricating liquid film that substantially decreases the coefficient of friction and grip between tyre rubber and pavement, increasing stopping distance and risk of hydroplaning.
گیلی سڑک پر ٹائر اور سڑک کے درمیان رگڑ (Friction) کم ہو جاتی ہے جس سے گاڑی پھسلنے کا خطرہ بڑھ جاتا ہے۔
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272📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceSkidding vs Slipping
Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: In case of skidding, distance traveled along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference.
Statement-2: In case of slipping, distance traveled along the road is less than the movement of wheel circumference.
Choose the correct combination:
Explanation
In highway engineering: Skidding occurs when wheels slide without full rotation (path length >> circumferential rotation); Slipping/Spinning occurs when wheels spin in place on low traction surfaces (path length << circumferential rotation). Both statements are true.
اسکیڈنگ اور سلپنگ کے دونوں تکنیکی بیانات 1 اور 2 بالکل درست ہیں۔
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273📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Skidding Causes
Sudden application of brakes on a wet road and improper super elevation may cause
Explanation
Sudden heavy braking on low-friction wet surfaces when lateral forces exceed tyre traction creates severe directional loss of control known as Skidding.
گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے سے گاڑی اسکیڈ (Skidding) کر جاتی ہے۔
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274📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceBraking Distance Calculations
On a foggy day, two bus drivers spot each other traveling at 20 m/sec20\text{ m/sec} and 10 m/sec10\text{ m/sec} towards each other. Both apply brakes decelerating at 5 m/s25\text{ m/s}^2. What is the total combined distance covered by both buses before coming to a stop?
Explanation
Stopping distance formula s=v22as = \frac{v^2}{2a}:
- For Bus 1: s1=2022(5)=40010=40 ms_1 = \frac{20^2}{2(5)} = \frac{400}{10} = 40\text{ m}
- For Bus 2: s2=1022(5)=10010=10 ms_2 = \frac{10^2}{2(5)} = \frac{100}{10} = 10\text{ m}
Total combined stopping distance required =40+10=50 meters= 40 + 10 = 50\text{ meters}.
دونوں بسوں کا رکنے کے لیے درکار مجموعی فاصلہ = \frac{20^2}{10} + \frac{10^2}{10} = 40 + 10 = 50 میٹر ہے۔
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275📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceLow-Light Driving Precautions
Which of the following is recommended while driving at night on a low-lit street?
Explanation
On poorly illuminated streets at night, drivers should reduce vehicle speed to match stopping sight distance and use properly aligned headlights.
کم روشنی والی سڑک پر آہستہ رفتار میں گاڑی چلانا اور ہیڈ لائٹ کا استعمال کرنا چاہیے۔
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276📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceTowing Regulations & Distance Limits
Maximum allowable distance between the rear of the towing vehicle and the front of the towed vehicle is
Explanation
Under Rule 126 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, the towing connection (cable, rope, or tow bar) between the towing vehicle and the towed disabled vehicle shall not exceed 5 meters.
گاڑی کھینچنے والی رسی یا بار کا فاصلہ 5 میٹر (5 meters) سے زیادہ نہیں ہونا چاہیے۔
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277📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlBelt Drives: V-Belts vs Flat Belts
V-belts are most suitable when the center distance between the driving and driven pulleys is
Explanation
V-belts provide high friction wedging action and are optimally engineered for compact drives with Short center distances between pulleys.
وی بیلٹ (V-belts) کم فاصلے والے پلّیوں کے درمیان پاور ٹرانسمیشن کے لیے بہترین ہوتی ہیں۔
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278📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlVehicle Specifications: Wheelbase vs Track Width
The "Wheelbase" of a motor vehicle is defined as the distance between the
Explanation
The Wheelbase of a vehicle is the longitudinal distance measured between the center points of the front and rear wheel axles.
وہیل بیس (Wheelbase) سامنے والے اور پچھلے پہیوں کے ایکسل کے درمیانی فاصلے کو کہتے ہیں۔
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279📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlOdometers vs Speedometers
Which of the following instruments is commonly used to measure the total distance traveled by a motor vehicle?
Explanation
An Odometer (mileometer) is an onboard instrument that measures and records the total cumulative distance traveled by a motor vehicle. (A Speedometer indicates instantaneous velocity).
گاڑی کے طے کردہ کل فاصلے کو اوڈومیٹر (Odometer) سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔
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280📚Automobile Mechanisms & Pollution ControlStarting System & Battery
Which component supplies electrical power to the starter motor to crank a diesel engine?
Explanation
The rechargeable lead-acid 12V/24V Automotive Battery provides the high surge cranking current required by the electrical starter motor to crank the engine.
ڈیزل انجن کو اسٹارٹ کرنے کے لیے اسٹارٹر موٹر کو بجلی گاڑی کی بیٹری (Battery) فراہم کرتی ہے۔
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281📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHimalayan Ranges North to South Ordering
Arrange the following mountain ranges from north to south order:
1. Pir Panjal
2. Zanskar
3. Dhauladhar
4. Ladakh
Explanation
Trans-Himalayan and Himalayan ranges in North-to-South latitudinal order: Ladakh Range (4) → Zanskar Range (2) → Pir Panjal Range (1) → Dhauladhar Range (3)   ⟹  4,2,1,3\implies 4, 2, 1, 3.
شمال سے جنوب کی ترتیب: لداخ رینج (4) → زنسکار رینج (2) → پیر پنجال (1) → دھولا دھر (3) یعنی 4, 2, 1, 3۔
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282📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHari Parbat Fort (Koh-e-Maran)
________ is also known as Koh-e-Maran lies on the west of Dal Lake in Srinagar.
Explanation
Hari Parbat Fort (the historic citadel hill fortified by Mughal Emperor Akbar and Afghan Governor Atta Mohammad Khan) is also known as Koh-e-Maran.
ہری پربت قلعہ سری نگر میں واقع ہے جسے کوہ ماران (Koh-e-Maran) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
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283🔬General ScienceProminent Leaders and Organizations
Consider the following pairs and identify how many pairs are correct:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose — All India Forward Bloc
2. Chittaranjan Das — First President of Swaraj Party
3. MG Ranade — Father of renaissance of western India
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale — Servants of India Society
Explanation
All four historical pairs are correct: Netaji founded Forward Bloc (1939); C.R. Das was first President of Swaraj Party (1923); Justice M.G. Ranade spearheaded the western Indian social renaissance; Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society (1905).
چاروں تاریخی شخصیات اور ان کے کارنامے بالکل درست میچ ہیں (All four)۔
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284📚Mental Ability / ReasoningJainism under Chandragupta Maurya
Which ancient Indian ruler is credited with the historical spread of Jainism to Karnataka (South India)?
Explanation
Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya abdicated his throne, embraced Jainism under Acharya Bhadrabahu, migrated south to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, and performed sallekhana.
موریا شہنشاہ چندر گپت موریا نے کرناٹک (شراون بیلگولہ) میں جین مت کے پھیلاؤ میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔
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285📚Computer ApplicationsNewton's Laws & Conservation of Momentum
Which of these fundamental physical properties is conserved as a direct consequence of Newton's Third Law of Motion?
Explanation
Because action and reaction forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (F12=−F21F_{12} = -F_{21}), the net internal impulse is zero, establishing the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.
نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون حرکت کا براہ راست نتیجہ لکیری مومینٹم کا بقا (Conservation of Momentum) ہے۔
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286📚Computer ApplicationsPolarization of Light
Which one of the following optical phenomena conclusively proves that light travels as a transverse wave?
Explanation
Polarization (the restriction of electric field vector vibrations to a single plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is unique to Transverse Waves and cannot occur in longitudinal waves.
پولرائزیشن (Polarization) وہ واحد بصری مظہر ہے جو ثابت کرتا ہے کہ روشنی ایک عرضی لہر (Transverse wave) ہے۔
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287📚Computer ApplicationsLinear Acceleration Formula ($a = \Delta v / \Delta t$)
A body of mass 10 kg is moving with a constant initial velocity of +10 m/s+10\text{ m/s}. When a constant force acts for 4 seconds on it, the body moves with a velocity of 2 m/s2\text{ m/s} in the opposite direction (−2 m/s-2\text{ m/s}). The acceleration produced is:
Explanation
Using kinematics: u=+10 m/su = +10\text{ m/s}, v=−2 m/sv = -2\text{ m/s}, t=4 st = 4\text{ s}. Acceleration a=v−ut=−2−104=−124=−3 m/s2a = \frac{v - u}{t} = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = \frac{-12}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2.
اسراع (Acceleration) کا حساب: a=−2−104=−3 m/s2a = \frac{-2 - 10}{4} = -3\text{ m/s}^2۔
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288📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementDirection Sense & Shortest Distance
Sandeep walks 15 km North from his home, turns left and walks 6 km, turns left and walks 10 km, and then turns right and walks 4 km to his destination. Find the shortest straight-line distance between his home and the endpoint.
Explanation
Coordinates from origin (0,0):
1. North 15 km to (0, 15)
2. Left (West) 6 km to (-6, 15)
3. Left (South) 10 km to (-6, 5)
4. Right (West) 4 km to (-10, 5)
Shortest distance =(−10)2+52=100+25=125=55 km= \sqrt{(-10)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{100 + 25} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5}\text{ km}.
فیثاغورث فارمولے سے فاصلہ = \sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{125} = 5\sqrt{5} کلومیٹر ہے۔
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289📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementCoding-Decoding: Opposite Letter Pairs
In a certain code DISTANCE is written as WRHGZMXV. How is HUMANITY written in that code?
Explanation
Opposite letter pair coding (sum of positions =27= 27):
D-W, I-R, S-H, T-G, A-Z, N-M, C-X, E-V.
For HUMANITY: H → S, U → F, M → N, A → Z, N → M, I → R, T → G, Y → B   ⟹  \implies SFNZMRGB.
حروف کے الٹ جوڑوں (Opposite letters) کے مطابق HUMANITY کا کوڈ SFNZMRGB ہے۔
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290📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementRanking and Order Test
Sidharth ranks twenty-fifth (25th) from the bottom and ninth (9th) from the top in a class. How many students are there in the class?
Explanation
Total students formula N=Rank from Top+Rank from Bottom−1=9+25−1=33N = \text{Rank from Top} + \text{Rank from Bottom} - 1 = 9 + 25 - 1 = 33.
طلباء کی کل تعداد = 9+25−1=339 + 25 - 1 = 33 ہے۔
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291📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementDirection Sense: Angular Turns
A girl is facing South (180∘180^\circ). She turns 90∘90^\circ clockwise, then another 45∘45^\circ clockwise, and then 270∘270^\circ anti-clockwise. Which direction is she facing now?
Explanation
Initial angle: South =180∘= 180^\circ. Clockwise rotation =+90∘+45∘=+135∘= +90^\circ + 45^\circ = +135^\circ. Total clockwise angle =180∘+135∘=315∘= 180^\circ + 135^\circ = 315^\circ (North-West). Anti-clockwise turn =315∘−270∘=45∘= 315^\circ - 270^\circ = 45^\circ, which corresponds to North-East.
حتمی زاویہ 45∘45^\circ یعنی شمال مشرق (North East) حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
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292📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementSpeed, Time & Distance: Early-Late Problems
A man rides on a motorbike at 18 km/h18\text{ km/h} and reaches his office 6 minutes late. The next day he increases his speed to 27 km/h27\text{ km/h} and reaches the office 10 minutes early. How far is the office from his house in km?
Explanation
Total time difference =6 min late−(−10 min early)=16 minutes=1660 hours= 6\text{ min late} - (-10\text{ min early}) = 16\text{ minutes} = \frac{16}{60}\text{ hours}. Distance D=S1×S2∣S1−S2∣×Δt=18×2727−18×1660=4869×415=54×415=21615=14.4 kmD = \frac{S_1 \times S_2}{|S_1 - S_2|} \times \Delta t = \frac{18 \times 27}{27 - 18} \times \frac{16}{60} = \frac{486}{9} \times \frac{4}{15} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = \frac{216}{15} = 14.4\text{ km}.
فاصلہ = \frac{18 \times 27}{9} \times \frac{16}{60} = 54 \times \frac{4}{15} = 14.4 کلومیٹر۔
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293📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementCoding-Decoding: Uniform Alphabet Shift
In a certain code language 'TEMPRATURE' is written as 'VGORTCVWTG'. How would 'DIRECTION' be written in the same code language?
Explanation
Each letter is shifted by +2+2 positions:
D(+2)=F, I(+2)=K, R(+2)=T, E(+2)=G, C(+2)=E, T(+2)=V, I(+2)=K, O(+2)=Q, N(+2)=P   ⟹  \implies FKTGEVKQP.
ہر حرف میں 2 کا اضافہ (+2): DIRECTION کا کوڈ FKTGEVKQP بنتا ہے۔
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294📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KTreaty of Amritsar (1846)
Which treaty was signed between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the East India Company, leading to the acquisition of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation
The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16 March 1846 between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company, transferring the Kashmir Valley for 75 lakh Nanakshahee rupees and establishing the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir.
16 مارچ 1846 کو معاہدہ امرتسر (Treaty of Amritsar) کے تحت مہاراجا گلاب سنگھ نے جموں و کشمیر کی باگ ڈور سنبھالی۔
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295📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KPre-Monsoon Local Storms in India
Consider the following pairs of pre-monsoon storm phenomena:
i. Mango Shower — b. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in the ripening of mangoes
ii. Blossom Shower — a. Pre-Monsoon showers which help in blossoming of coffee flowers
iii. Nor Westers — d. Evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam
iv. Loo — c. Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in Northern plains
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?
Explanation
Pre-monsoon rainfall classifications: Mango Showers ripen mangoes in Kerala/Karnataka (i-b); Blossom Showers blossom coffee flowers (ii-a); Nor'westers/Kalbaisakhi are spring thunderstorms in Bengal/Assam (iii-d); Loo are hot dry summer winds in the Northern Plains (iv-c)   ⟹  \implies i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.
مانسون سے پہلے کی بارشیں: مینگو شاور (i-b)، بلاسم شاور (ii-a)، نار ویسٹر (iii-d)، لو (iv-c)۔
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296📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KLaterite Soils Characteristics
Consider the following statements regarding Laterite soils of India:
a. Laterite soils of India are generally red in colour.
b. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
c. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
d. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements (a) and (d) are correct: Laterite soils are brick-red due to iron oxides and support plantation crops like Cashew, Tapioca, Tea, and Coffee. Statements (b) and (c) are false because they are highly leached, poor in nitrogen/potash/humus, and found along the Western Ghats, Kerala, and Odisha (not arid Rajasthan/UP).
لیٹرائٹ مٹی سرخ رنگ کی ہوتی ہے (a) اور کاجو و ٹیپیوکا کے لیے بہترین ہے (d)، لہذا a اور d درست ہیں۔
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297📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KLok Sabha Seat Distribution across States
Arrange the following states according to their Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency seats in descending order:
a) West Bengal (42)
b) Maharashtra (48)
c) Bihar (40)
d) Tamil Nadu (39)
Explanation
Lok Sabha seat counts: Maharashtra (48, b) > West Bengal (42, a) > Bihar (40, c) > Tamil Nadu (39, d)   ⟹  \implies b, a, c, d.
لوک سبھا کی نشستیں: مہاراشٹر (48), مغربی بنگال (42), بہار (40), تمل ناڈو (39) یعنی b, a, c, d۔
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298📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KJamboo Zoo at Nagrota
North India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in
Explanation
Jamboo Zoo (spread over 3,200 kanals / 160 hectares along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway) is located at Nagrota in the Jammu district.
شمالی ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا چڑیا گھر 'جمبو زو' نگروٹہ (جموں) میں واقع ہے۔
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299📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KExtreme Weather: Mawsynram Rainfall
The wettest place on Earth is
Explanation
Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India, receives an extraordinary average annual rainfall of nearly 11,872 mm11,872\text{ mm}, making it the wettest place on Earth.
زمین پر سب سے زیادہ بارش والا مقام ماسنرام (Mawsynram, میگھالیہ) ہے۔
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300📚General English & ComprehensionDirection Sense Test
Purusottam walks 5 km towards East to reach Mamata's house. From there he walks 10 km towards North to reach his gym. In which direction is his gym located relative to his home?
Explanation
Coordinates from Home (0,0): East 5 km to (5, 0) → North 10 km to Gym (5, 10). Because both X and Y coordinates are positive, the gym is in the North-East direction from his home.
گھر سے جم کی سمت شمال مشرق (North-East) ہے۔
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301📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following is the hallmark defining characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Explanation
Under DSM-5, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by chronic, excessive, and pervasive anxiety and worry about multiple everyday life domains for at least 6 months.
جنرلائزڈ اینگزائٹی ڈس آرڈر (GAD) کی بنیادی علامت زندگی کے مختلف امور کے بارے میں مسلسل اور شدید بے چینی و پریشانی ہے۔
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302📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)John Rawls' Difference Principle
Which ethical and political theory provides the foundational justification for affirmative action and special welfare provisions for deprived and disadvantaged sections of society?
Explanation
John Rawls' 'Difference Principle' (in A Theory of Justice) asserts that social and economic inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for the least-advantaged members of society, providing the philosophical basis for affirmative action.
جان رولز کا 'ڈفرنس پرنسپل' (Difference Theory) پسماندہ طبقات کو خصوصی مراعات دینے کی بنیاد فراہم کرتا ہے۔
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303📚Specialisation (Sociology, Social Work & Child Development)Landmark Judgments: D.K. Basu Guidelines
Mandatory guidelines and procedural safeguards governing the arrest and detention of individuals by police were laid down by the Supreme Court of India in which landmark case?
Explanation
In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997), the Supreme Court formulated 11 mandatory guidelines (including arrest memos, medical examinations, and informing relatives) to prevent custodial torture and unlawful detention.
گرفتاری اور حراست سے متعلق تاریخی رہنما اصول سپریم کورٹ نے ڈی کے باسو بنام مغربی بنگال کیس (1997) میں دیے۔
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304📚General EnglishNEP 2020: Medium of Instruction
According to NEP 2020, up to what grade is it preferred to use the mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction?
Explanation
NEP 2020 emphasizes that the medium of instruction should be the mother tongue/local language at least up to Grade 5, but preferably up to Grade 8 and beyond.
قومی تعلیمی پالیسی 2020 کے مطابق کم از کم گریڈ 5 اور ترجیحاً گریڈ 8 اور اس سے آگے تک مادری زبان میں تدریس کی سفارش کی گئی ہے۔
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305📚General EnglishExtreme Geographic Points of India
Consider the following statements about 'Indira Point':
1. It is the southernmost point of India's territory, located at Great Nicobar Island.
2. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
3. It was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1985.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are factually correct: Indira Point (6∘45′ N6^\circ 45'\text{ N}) on Great Nicobar Island was historically known as Pygmalion Point and officially renamed Indira Point in October 1985.
اندرا پوائنٹ کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔
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306📚General EnglishFestivals of North-East India
Which of the following statements about Arunachal Pradesh's Gorsam Kora Festival (celebrated in March 2024) is NOT correct?
Explanation
Statement D is NOT correct: Gorsam Kora is a historic Monpa Mahayana Buddhist festival centered around the 12th-century Gorsam Chorten stupa (modeled after Boudhanath in Nepal) celebrating Buddhist heritage.
بیان D غلط ہے کیونکہ گورسوم کورا فیسٹیول بدھ مت کی ثقافت کا روایتی تہوار ہے۔
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307📚General EnglishLiteracy Statistics across States
Which state in India recorded the lowest literacy rate (61.80%61.80\%) as per the 2011 Census?
Explanation
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bihar recorded the lowest overall literacy rate at 61.80%61.80\% (Male: 71.20%71.20\%, Female: 51.50%51.50\%). Kerala recorded the highest at 94.00%94.00\%.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق بہار کی شرح خواندگی سب سے کم (61.8%) تھی۔
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308📚General EnglishBrahmaputra River Basin & Origin
The mighty Brahmaputra river originates from which geographical source?
Explanation
The Brahmaputra (known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet) originates from the Chemayungdung / Angsi glacier in the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in southwestern Tibet.
دریائے برہم پتر تبت میں مانسروور جھیل کے قریب چیمایونگ دنگ گلیشیر سے نکلتا ہے۔
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309📚General EnglishPlanetary Winds: ITCZ
The low-pressure equatorial belt where the Northeast and Southeast trade winds converge is known as the
Explanation
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the broad equatorial trough of low pressure where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, associated with convective thunderstorms.
خط استوا کے قریب تجارتی ہواؤں کے ملاپ کا خطہ ITCZ (انٹر ٹراپیکل کنورجنز زون) کہلاتا ہے۔
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310📚General EnglishNational Waterway 1 (NW-1)
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) in India connects which two terminals?
Explanation
National Waterway 1 (NW-1) extends 1,620 km along the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system connecting Prayagraj (Allahabad, UP) to Haldia (West Bengal).
نیشنل واٹر وے 1 (NW-1) الہ آباد (پریاگ راج) کو ہلدیا (مغربی بنگال) سے جوڑتا ہے۔
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311📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KIndira Gandhi Canal Project
The longest irrigation canal in India that originates from Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab and terminates in Rajasthan is the
Explanation
The Indira Gandhi Canal (650 km long) draws water from the Harike Barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab to irrigate the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan.
ہندوستان کی سب سے لمبی نہر اندرا گاندھی کینال (Indira Gandhi Canal) ہے۔
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312📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KSet Theory & Percentages
In an examination, 77% of students passed in Mathematics and 82% passed in Computer Science. If 72% passed in both subjects, what percentage of students failed in both subjects?
Explanation
Percentage passing at least one subject: P(M∪C)=P(M)+P(C)−P(M∩C)=77%+82%−72%=87%P(M \cup C) = P(M) + P(C) - P(M \cap C) = 77\% + 82\% - 72\% = 87\%. Percentage failing both subjects =100%−87%=13%= 100\% - 87\% = 13\%.
دونوں مضامین میں فیل ہونے والے طلباء کا تناسب =100−(77+82−72)=100−87=13%= 100 - (77 + 82 - 72) = 100 - 87 = 13\% ہے۔
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313📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KDirection & Displacement
Ravi walks 10 km East, turns right and walks 5 km South, turns right and walks 10 km West, and finally turns left and walks 10 km South. What is the shortest distance from his current position to his home?
Explanation
Coordinates: From (0,0) → East 10 km (10, 0) → South 5 km (10, -5) → West 10 km (0, -5) → South 10 km (0, -15). Shortest distance from home (0,0) to final point (0, -15) is exactly 15 km.
گھر سے آخری مقام کا سیدھا فاصلہ 5 + 10 = 15 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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314📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A cyclist travels from A to B at 30 km/h for the first 1/3rd of the distance. Due to mechanical issues, speed drops to 20 km/h for the remaining 2/3rd distance. If total trip takes 8 hours, what is total distance between A and B?
Explanation
Let total distance be DD. Time taken: T=D/330+2D/320=D90+D30=4D90=8 hours  ⟹  D=8×904=180 kmT = \frac{D/3}{30} + \frac{2D/3}{20} = \frac{D}{90} + \frac{D}{30} = \frac{4D}{90} = 8\text{ hours} \implies D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ D = \frac{8 \times 90}{4} = 180 کلومیٹر ہے۔
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315📚General Intelligence & ReasoningIdioms & Phrases
Describe the meaning of the idiom: Scrape the barrel
Explanation
'Scrape the barrel' (or scrape the bottom of the barrel) means being reduced to using the worst, least desirable, or last remaining alternatives available.
'Scrape the barrel' کا مطلب مجبوراً سب سے آخری اور کم تر درجے کا ذریعہ استعمال کرنا ہے۔
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316📚General Intelligence & ReasoningMahatma Gandhi's Early Satyagrahas: Champaran
After returning from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi launched his first successful Satyagraha in India at which place in 1917?
Explanation
Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, organized to support oppressed indigo farmers against the tinkathia system.
ہندوستان واپسی کے بعد گاندھی جی کا پہلا کامیاب ستیہ گرہ چمپارن (1917, بہار) میں تھا۔
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317📚Computer ApplicationsCoastal Plains of India
The eastern coastal plain stretching along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh is known as the
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast is the coastal region of the southeastern Indian peninsula between Kanyakumari and the Krishna River delta in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
تمل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈل ساحل (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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318📚Computer ApplicationsInternational Borders of Indian States
Which Indian state shares international land borders with three separate countries: Nepal, Bhutan, and China?
Explanation
The Himalayan state of Sikkim is nestled between Nepal to its west, Bhutan to its east, and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to its north.
سکم (Sikkim) کی سرحدیں نیپال، بھوٹان اور چین تینوں ممالک سے ملتی ہیں۔
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319📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
Mohan has to reach Bangalore (500 km away) at 5:30 pm, starting at 7:30 am. He travels the first 200 km at 50 km/hr50\text{ km/hr} and the next 3 hours at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr}. At what speed must he travel the remaining distance to arrive on time?
Explanation
Total time =10 hours= 10\text{ hours}. Time for first 200 km =200/50=4 hours= 200 / 50 = 4\text{ hours}. Next 3 hours at 60 km/hr covers 3×60=180 km3 \times 60 = 180\text{ km}. Distance covered =380 km= 380\text{ km} in 7 hours. Remaining distance =120 km= 120\text{ km} in 3 hours. Required speed =120/3=40 km/hr= 120 / 3 = 40\text{ km/hr}.
باقی 120 کلومیٹر 3 گھنٹوں میں طے کرنے کے لیے مطلوبہ رفتار =1203=40 km/hr= \frac{120}{3} = 40\text{ km/hr} ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
320📚Basic ReasoningFigure Analogy
Select the related shape pattern that completes the analogy.
Explanation
The horizontal mirror inversion preserves alignment with directional pointer `>`.
علامتی الٹاؤ کے اصول کے مطابق `>` درست ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
321📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
Prabudh walks 8 km East, turns right and walks 4 km South, then turns left and walks 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Facing South, turning left makes him face East again. Walking 5 km means he is currently facing East.
جنوب سے بائیں مڑنے کے بعد وہ مشرق (East) کی طرف رخ کیے ہوئے ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
322📚Basic ReasoningVenn Diagrams & Set Cardinality
In a class of 50 students, 10 play Badminton, 20 play Volleyball, and 4 play both. How many students play neither game?
Explanation
Students playing at least one game: n(B∪V)=10+20−4=26n(B \cup V) = 10 + 20 - 4 = 26. Students playing neither =50−26=24= 50 - 26 = 24.
کوئی بھی کھیل نہ کھیلنے والے طلباء کی تعداد =50−(10+20−4)=24= 50 - (10 + 20 - 4) = 24 ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
323📚General Awareness & ScienceDr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel
The 9.28 km Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44 in Jammu & Kashmir was renamed in honor of:
Explanation
In October 2019, India's longest bidirectional road tunnel, the Chenani-Nashri Tunnel in Udhampur/Ramban, was officially renamed the Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel.
چنانی ناشری سرنگ کا نیا نام ڈاکٹر شیاما پرساد مکھرجی ٹنل رکھا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
324📚General Awareness & ScienceOceanic Channels: 10 Degree Channel
The Andaman group of islands and the Nicobar group of islands are separated from each other by the
Explanation
The Ten Degree Channel (10∘ N10^\circ\text{ N} latitude) is a 150 km wide oceanic channel that separates the Andaman Islands to the north from the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.
انڈمان اور نکوبار جزائر کو 10 ڈگری چینل (Ten Degree Channel) الگ کرتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
325📚General Awareness & ScienceKangchenjunga Peak
Kangchenjunga (8,586 m8,586\text{ m}, the 3rd highest mountain peak in the world) is situated in which Indian state?
Explanation
Mount Kangchenjunga lies directly on the international border between the Indian state of Sikkim and eastern Nepal.
کنچن جنگا چوٹی ہندوستان کی ریاست سکم (Sikkim) میں واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
326📚General Awareness & ScienceWestern Ghats / Sahyadri Range
What is the traditional indigenous name of the Western Ghats mountain range running parallel to India's west coast?
Explanation
The Western Ghats (a UNESCO World Heritage biodiversity hotspot) are traditionally and geographically known as the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.
مغربی گھاٹ کو سہیادری (Sahyadri Range) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
327📚General Awareness & ScienceState Nicknames: Kerala
Which south Indian state's official tourism slogan and moniker is 'God's Own Country'?
Explanation
Kerala is globally marketed and celebrated as 'God's Own Country' due to its lush tropical greenery, serene backwaters, and biodiversity.
'God's Own Country' ریاست کیرالہ (Kerala) کو کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
328📚General Awareness & ScienceSecond Battle of Panipat (1556)
The Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556) was fought between Hemu and the Mughal army during the reign of which Emperor?
Explanation
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the young Mughal Emperor Akbar (led by Bairam Khan) and King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya (Hemu), establishing Mughal supremacy in northern India.
پانی پت کی دوسری لڑائی (1556) مغل شہنشاہ اکبر کے دور میں ہیمو کے خلاف لڑی گئی۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
329📚General Awareness & ScienceBRICS Member States
Who among the following nations is NOT one of the founding members of the BRICS grouping?
Explanation
BRICS was founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Indonesia is not a founding member of BRICS.
انڈونیشیا برکس (BRICS) کا بانی رکن ملک نہیں ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
330📚Basic MathematicsBasic Arithmetic & Word Problems
There are 3 departments in a college: Physical Sciences, Humanities, and Commerce. There are 125 students in Physical Sciences. The number of students in Humanities is 1/5th1/5th of Physical Sciences. Commerce has 20 students fewer than Physical Sciences and Humanities combined. What is the total number of students studying in the three departments?
Explanation
Physical Sciences =125= 125.
Humanities =1255=25= \frac{125}{5} = 25.
Combined PS + Humanities =125+25=150= 125 + 25 = 150.
Commerce =150−20=130= 150 - 20 = 130.
Total students =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280.
کل طلباء کی تعداد =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280 ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
331📚Basic MathematicsProperties of Equilateral Triangles & Centroid
In an equilateral triangle ABC with side 163 cm16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}, P is the centroid. What is the perpendicular distance of centroid P from side BC?
Explanation
Altitude of equilateral triangle: h=32a=32×163=24 cmh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ cm}.
The distance from centroid P to any base side is the inradius: r=h3=243=8 cmr = \frac{h}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8\text{ cm}.
سینٹرائیڈ کا فاصلہ = \frac{ارتفاع}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8 سینٹی میٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
332📚Basic ReasoningLiteracy Statistics across Indian States
According to the Census of India 2011, which states recorded the maximum and minimum literacy rates respectively?
Explanation
In the 2011 Census, Kerala recorded the highest literacy rate at 94.00%, while Bihar recorded the lowest literacy rate at 61.80%.
2011 کی مردم شماری کے مطابق سب سے زیادہ شرح خواندگی کیرالہ میں اور سب سے کم بہار میں تھی۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
333📚Basic ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A and B travel the same distance at speeds of 9 km/h and 12 km/h respectively. If A takes 11 minutes longer than B, what is the distance travelled by each?
Explanation
Let distance be DD. Difference in time =11 minutes=1160 hours= 11\text{ minutes} = \frac{11}{60}\text{ hours}.
D9−D12=1160  ⟹  4D−3D36=1160  ⟹  D36=1160  ⟹  D=11×3660=39660=6.6 km\frac{D}{9} - \frac{D}{12} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{4D - 3D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies \frac{D}{36} = \frac{11}{60} \implies D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = \frac{396}{60} = 6.6\text{ km}.
کل فاصلہ D = \frac{11 \times 36}{60} = 6.6 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
334📚Basic ReasoningFractional Distance Breakdown
Aamir travelled 1800 km by air, which constituted 3/5th3/5th of his total journey. He travelled 1/3rd1/3rd of the whole trip by car, and the remaining distance by train. How many kilometers did he travel by train?
Explanation
Total trip distance =18003/5=1800×53=3000 km= \frac{1800}{3/5} = 1800 \times \frac{5}{3} = 3000\text{ km}.
Distance by Car =13×3000=1000 km= \frac{1}{3} \times 3000 = 1000\text{ km}.
Distance by Train =3000−(1800+1000)=3000−2800=200 km= 3000 - (1800 + 1000) = 3000 - 2800 = 200\text{ km}.
ٹرین کے ذریعے طے شدہ فاصلہ = 3000 - 2800 = 200 کلومیٹر ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
335📚Basic EnglishLongest National Highway: NH44 / NH7
Which is the longest National Highway in India, running 3,745 km3,745\text{ km} from Srinagar to Kanyakumari (formerly designated as NH-7 in the south)?
Explanation
National Highway 44 (formerly designated as NH-7 for its major central/southern segment) is India's longest highway spanning from Srinagar in J&K to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
ہندوستان کا طویل ترین قومی شاہراہ NH44 (سابقہ NH7) ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
336📚General Awareness & ScienceMartand Sun Temple, Anantnag
The grand 8th-century ruins of the Martand Sun Temple are situated in which district of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation
The Martand Sun Temple is situated atop the Mattan plateau in the Anantnag district of South Kashmir.
مارتنڈ سوریا مندر کے تاریخی کھنڈرات ضلع اننت ناگ (Anantnag) میں واقع ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
337📚General English & ComprehensionWorld Geography & Physical Landforms
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list:

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Grand Canyon | I. Canada |
| 2. Lake Winnipeg | II. New Zealand |
| 3. Southern Alps | III. USA |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States (III)
2. Lake Winnipeg is a massive freshwater lake located in Manitoba, Canada (I)
3. Southern Alps is a mountain range extending along much of the length of the South Island in New Zealand (II).
Correct code: 1-III, 2-I, 3-II.
1. ग्रैंड कैन्यन: संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (USA - III)
2. विन्निपेग झील: कनाडा (Canada - I)
3. दक्षिणी आल्प्स पर्वतमाला: न्यूजीलैंड (New Zealand - II)।
सही विकल्प 1-III, 2-I, 3-II है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
338📚General English & ComprehensionPhysical Geography & Mountain Ranges of Ladakh & J&K
Which major mountain range forms the northern boundary of Ladakh, contributing to its isolation and strategic significance?
Explanation
The Karakoram Range (home to K2 and the Siachen Glacier) forms the northern boundary of the Ladakh region, separating it from Central Asia and the Tarim Basin.
काराकोरम पर्वत श्रृंखला (Karakoram Range) लद्दाख की उत्तरी सीमा बनाती है, जिसमें सियाचिन ग्लेशियर और के2 (K2) स्थित हैं।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
339📚General English & ComprehensionCoastal Geography & Famous Beaches of India
Match the Beaches in India (Column -X) with their corresponding states (Column -Y):

| Column - X | Column - Y |
| :--- | :--- |
| 1. Marina Beach | I. Kerala |
| 2. Kovalam Beach | II. Tamil Nadu |
| 3. Anjuna Beach | III. Goa |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1. Marina Beach is in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (II)
2. Kovalam Beach is in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (I)
3. Anjuna Beach is in North Goa (III).
Correct matching code: 1-II, 2-I, 3-III.
1. मरीना बीच: तमिलनाडु (II)
2. कोवलम बीच: केरल (I)
3. अंजुना बीच: गोवा (III)।
सही विकल्प 1-II, 2-I, 3-III है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
340📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 300 m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. The thief and the policeman run at the rate of 10 km/h10\text{ km/h} and 11 km/h11\text{ km/h}, respectively. What is the distance between them after 6 mins?
Explanation
Relative speed of the policeman with respect to the thief:
vrel=11−10=1 km/h=1×1000 m60 min=503 m/minv_{\text{rel}} = 11 - 10 = 1\text{ km/h} = 1 \times \frac{1000\text{ m}}{60\text{ min}} = \frac{50}{3}\text{ m/min}
Distance gained by policeman in 6 minutes:
dgained=503×6=100 metresd_{\text{gained}} = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100\text{ metres}
Distance remaining between them after 6 minutes:
dremaining=300−100=200 metres.d_{\text{remaining}} = 300 - 100 = 200\text{ metres}.
सापेक्ष गति = 11 - 10 = 1 किमी/घंटा = \frac{50}{3} मीटर/मिनट।
6 मिनट में तय की गई अतिरिक्त दूरी = \frac{50}{3} \times 6 = 100 मीटर।
6 मिनट बाद दोनों के बीच शेष दूरी = 300 - 100 = 200 मीटर।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
341📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilityLogical Deduction & Facts
The logic problem presents three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, three more statements (labelled I, II, and III) are given. Determine which of these, if any, is also a fact based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Fact 1: Jasmeen has four children. Fact 2: Two of the children have blue eyes, and two have brown eyes.
Fact 3: Half of the children are girls. Given that the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be true? I: At least one girl has blue eyes.
II: Two of the children are boys. III: The boys have brown eyes.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
From Fact 1 (4 children) and Fact 3 (half are girls = 2 girls), it is a mathematical certainty that the remaining 2 children are boys. Therefore, Statement II must be true. Statements I and III are possibilities but cannot be proven definitively. Hence, II only is a known fact.
तथ्य 1 (4 बच्चे) और तथ्य 3 (आधी लड़कियाँ = 2 लड़कियाँ) से यह 100% निश्चित है कि शेष 2 बच्चे लड़के हैं। अतः केवल कथन II निश्चित रूप से सत्य है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
342📚Numerical & Mathematical AbilityDirection Sense & Linear Arrangements
There are five buildings called D, E, F, G and H in a row (not necessarily in that order). D is to the West of E. H is to the East of F and the West of D, E is to the West of G. Which is the building in the middle?
Explanation
Ordering from West to East based on the given directional clues:
- 'D is West of E' → D < E
- 'H is East of F and West of D' → F < H < D
- 'E is West of G' → E < G
Combining the full sequence from West to East:
F−H−D−E−GF - H - D - E - G
The building positioned exactly in the middle is D.
पश्चिम से पूर्व दिशा में क्रम जमाने पर:
F−H−D−E−GF - H - D - E - G
ठीक मध्य में स्थित भवन 'D' है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
343📚General Intelligence & ReasoningNumber Systems & Divisibility
The least five-digit number exactly divisible by 88 is:
Explanation
The smallest 5-digit number is 10,000.
Dividing 10,000 by 88:
10000=88×113+5610000 = 88 \times 113 + 56
Remainder =56= 56.
To make it divisible by 88, we add (88−56)=32(88 - 56) = 32:
10000+32=10032.10000 + 32 = 10032.
पाँच अंकों की सबसे छोटी संख्या 10000 है।
10000÷88=11310000 \div 88 = 113 (शेषफल = 56)
विभाज्य संख्या =10000+(88−56)=10032= 10000 + (88 - 56) = 10032।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
344📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed, Time and Distance
A train increases its normal speed by 12.5% and reaches its destination 20 minutes earlier. What is the actual (normal) time taken by the train on the journey?
Explanation
Increase in speed =12.5%=18= 12.5\% = \frac{1}{8}.
New speed =S(1+18)=98S= S \left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right) = \frac{9}{8}S.
Since distance is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed:
New time T′=89T\text{New time } T' = \frac{8}{9}T
Time saved =T−89T=T9=20 minutes= T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20\text{ minutes}
T=9×20=180 minutes=3 hours.T = 9 \times 20 = 180\text{ minutes} = 3\text{ hours}.
गति में 12.5%=1812.5\% = \frac{1}{8} की वृद्धि   ⟹  \implies नई गति =98= \frac{9}{8} मूल गति।
नया समय =89= \frac{8}{9}मूल समय।
बचाया गया समय = T - \frac{8}{9}T = \frac{T}{9} = 20 मिनट \implies T = 180 मिनट = 3 घंटे।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
345📚General Intelligence & ReasoningPercentages & Set Theory
In an examination, 30% and 35% of students, respectively, failed in History and Geography while 27% of students failed in both subjects. If the number of students passing the examination is 372, find the total number of students who appeared in the examination.
Explanation
Percentage of students failing in at least one subject:
%Failed=n(H)+n(G)−n(H∩G)=30%+35%−27%=38%\%\text{Failed} = n(H) + n(G) - n(H \cap G) = 30\% + 35\% - 27\% = 38\%
Percentage of students passing both subjects:
%Passed=100%−38%=62%\%\text{Passed} = 100\% - 38\% = 62\%
Given 62%=37262\% = 372:
Total Students=3720.62=600.\text{Total Students} = \frac{372}{0.62} = 600.
कुल अनुत्तीर्ण छात्र %=30+35−27=38%\% = 30 + 35 - 27 = 38\%।
उत्तीर्ण छात्र %=100−38=62%\% = 100 - 38 = 62\%।
कुल छात्र =37262×100=600= \frac{372}{62} \times 100 = 600।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
346📚General Intelligence & ReasoningNumber Systems & Squares
The least number by which 1470 must be divided to get a number which is a perfect square, is:
Explanation
Prime factorization of 1470:
1470=2×3×5×72=(2×3×5)×72=30×721470 = 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = (2 \times 3 \times 5) \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2
To make the quotient a perfect square (72=497^2 = 49), the unpaired factors 2×3×5=302 \times 3 \times 5 = 30 must be divided out.
Hence, the required least number is 30.
1470 का अभाज्य गुणनखंड =2×3×5×72=30×72= 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2 = 30 \times 7^2।
पूर्ण वर्ग बनाने के लिए इसे 2×3×5=302 \times 3 \times 5 = 30 से विभाजित करना होगा।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
347📚Basic Concepts of ComputersHeights and Distances & Trigonometry
The top of a 15-metre high tower makes an angle of depression of 60∘60^\circ with the bottom of an electric pole and an angle of depression of 30∘30^\circ with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?
Explanation
Let the height of the tower be H=15 mH = 15\text{ m}, height of the pole be hh, and horizontal distance between them be dd.
From the bottom of the pole:
tan⁡60∘=15d  ⟹  3=15d  ⟹  d=153=53 m\tan 60^\circ = \frac{15}{d} \implies \sqrt{3} = \frac{15}{d} \implies d = \frac{15}{\sqrt{3}} = 5\sqrt{3}\text{ m}
From the top of the pole to top of tower:
tan⁡30∘=15−hd  ⟹  13=15−h53\tan 30^\circ = \frac{15 - h}{d} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}
15−h=5  ⟹  h=15−5=10 metres.15 - h = 5 \implies h = 15 - 5 = 10\text{ metres}.
मीनार की ऊंचाई = 15 मी।
tan⁡60\tan 60^\circ = 15d\frac{15}{d}   ⟹  d=5\implies d = 53\sqrt{3} मी।
tan⁡30\tan 30^\circ = 15−hd\frac{15 - h}{d}   ⟹  \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{15 - h}{5\sqrt{3}}   ⟹  15−h=5\implies 15 - h = 5   ⟹  h=10\implies h = 10 मीटर।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
348📚Basic MathematicsTrains & Speed, Time, Distance
A train of 100 meters in length crosses a flyover 500 meters in length at a speed of 90 km/h. How long does it take to cross the flyover?
Explanation
Total distance to cover = Length of Train + Length of Flyover = 100+500=600 m100 + 500 = 600\text{ m}.
Speed of train = 90 km/h=90×518=25 m/s90\text{ km/h} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}.
Time=DistanceSpeed=60025=24 seconds.\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}} = \frac{600}{25} = 24\text{ seconds}.
कुल दूरी = ट्रेन की लंबाई + फ्लाईओवर की लंबाई = 100 + 500 = 600 मीटर।
गति = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25 मीटर/सेकंड।
समय = \frac{600}{25} = 24 सेकंड।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
349📚Basic MathematicsMensuration & Area
An elderly person runs on a rectangular ground daily for 20 minutes at the rate of 2.4 km per hour. He finishes 10 rounds of the rectangular ground. If the length is three times the breadth of the rectangle, find the area of the rectangle.
Explanation
Speed =2.4 km/h=2400 m/60 min=40 m/min= 2.4\text{ km/h} = 2400\text{ m} / 60\text{ min} = 40\text{ m/min}.
Total distance in 20 min =40×20=800 m= 40 \times 20 = 800\text{ m}.
10 rounds =800 m  ⟹  = 800\text{ m} \implies Perimeter of ground =80 m= 80\text{ m}.
Perimeter =2(L+B)=80  ⟹  L+B=40= 2(L + B) = 80 \implies L + B = 40.
Given L=3B  ⟹  3B+B=40  ⟹  4B=40  ⟹  B=10 m,L=30 mL = 3B \implies 3B + B = 40 \implies 4B = 40 \implies B = 10\text{ m}, L = 30\text{ m}.
Area of rectangle =L×B=30×10=300 m2= L \times B = 30 \times 10 = 300\text{ m}^2 (standard close option 240/300 m²).
गति =40= 40 मी/मिनट   ⟹  20\implies 20 मिनट में कुल दूरी =800= 800 मीटर।
10 चक्कर =800= 800 मी   ⟹  \implies परिमाप =80= 80मीटर।
2(3B + B) = 80 \implies B = 10 मी, L = 30 मी।
क्षेत्रफल = 30 \times 10 = 300 मी^2।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
350📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
You are standing facing east. You turn 90° clockwise, then 180° counterclockwise, and finally 90° clockwise. What direction are you facing now?
Explanation
Start facing East (90∘90^\circ).
1. Turn 90∘90^\circ Clockwise → South (180∘180^\circ).
2. Turn 180∘180^\circ Counterclockwise → North (0∘0^\circ).
3. Turn 90∘90^\circ Clockwise → East (90∘90^\circ).
You are facing East.
प्रारंभ: पूर्व। 90° दक्षिणावर्त = दक्षिण, फिर 180° वामावर्त = उत्तर, फिर 90° दक्षिणावर्त = पूर्व। अतः अब आप पूर्व दिशा के सम्मुख हैं।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
351📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A person walks 25 meters north, then 12 meters east, and finally 9 meters south. What is the shortest distance to return to the starting point?
Explanation
Net displacement coordinates from origin (0,0)(0, 0):
- North-South: 25−9=16 m North25 - 9 = 16\text{ m North}
- East-West: 12 m East12\text{ m East}
Shortest distance d=162+122=256+144=400=20 metersd = \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{256 + 144} = \sqrt{400} = 20\text{ meters}.
To return to origin, one must travel South-West (20 meters).
शुद्ध विस्थापन: उत्तर = 25−9=1625 - 9 = 16 मी, पूर्व = 1212 मी।
न्यूनतम दूरी =162+122=400=20= \sqrt{16^2 + 12^2} = \sqrt{400} = 20 मीटर।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
352📚Basic EnglishReading Comprehension
Which of the following best explains the impact of the "War of Currents" on electrical systems?
Explanation
The War of Currents between Edison's DC and Tesla/Westinghouse's AC ultimately resulted in Alternating Current (AC) becoming the worldwide standard for high-voltage power transmission and electrical grid distribution.
'करेंट्स के युद्ध' (War of Currents) के परिणामस्वरूप प्रत्यावर्ती धारा (Alternating Current - AC) विश्वव्यापी मानक बनी।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
353📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KMajor Tunnels & Infrastructure in J&K
On what date was the Z-Morh tunnel inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
Explanation
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 6.5-km bi-directional Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, providing all-weather road connectivity to Sonamarg in Ganderbal district on the Srinagar-Leh highway.
प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 जनवरी 2025 को 6.5 किमी लंबी जेड-मोड़ सुरंग (Z-Morh Tunnel) का उद्घाटन किया, जिससे सोनमर्ग के लिए सभी मौसमों में कनेक्टिविटी सुनिश्चित हुई।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
354📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KFolk Festivals of North-East India
Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut, and Pawl Kut festivals are celebrated in which state?
Explanation
Chapchar Kut (spring festival of Jhum cultivation), Mim Kut (maize harvest festival), and Pawl Kut (straw harvest festival) are the three major traditional harvest festivals of the Mizo people in Mizoram.
चापचार कुट, मीम कुट और पावल कुट मिजोरम राज्य के प्रमुख पारंपरिक एवं कृषि उत्सव हैं।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
355📚General Awareness & Current AffairsTraditional Indian Paintings & Visual Arts
Thanjavur painting, a classical art form, is associated with which state in India?
Explanation
Thanjavur (Tanjore) painting is a celebrated indigenous classical South Indian painting style that originated in the town of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, characterized by rich gold foil leaf work, vibrant colors, and glass bead embellishments.
तंजावुर चित्रकला (Thanjavur painting) तमिलनाडु राज्य की एक प्राचीन एवं प्रसिद्ध शास्त्रीय कला शैली है, जिसमें सोने के वर्क का उपयोग किया जाता है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
356📚General Awareness & Current AffairsBritish Governor-Generals & Policies
The Doctrine of Lapse, a policy used by the British East India Company to annex Indian states, was introduced by which Governor-General of India?
Explanation
The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Governor-General Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856), leading to the annexation of Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Baghat, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur.
'व्यपगत का सिद्धांत' (Doctrine of Lapse / हड़प नीति) गवर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड डलहौजी (1848-1856) द्वारा पेश किया गया था।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
357📚General Awareness & Current AffairsDrainage System & Major Rivers of India
Which of the following is the longest river in India?
Explanation
The Ganga is the longest river flowing within India with a total length of 2,525 km (originating from the Gangotri Glacier and flowing through Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, and West Bengal into the Bay of Bengal).
गंगा नदी भारत की सबसे लंबी नदी है, जिसकी कुल लंबाई 2,525 किलोमीटर है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
358🔬General ScienceClimate & Weather of Jammu and Kashmir
What is the predominant climate of the southern Jammu region?
Explanation
The southern plains and outer hills (Kandi/Shivalik belt) of Jammu Division experience a humid Subtropical Climate characterized by scorching hot summers (up to 45°C), monsoon rains, and mild winters.
जम्मू संभाग के दक्षिणी मैदानी और शिवालिक क्षेत्र की मुख्य जलवायु 'उपोष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु' (Subtropical Climate) है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
359🔬General ScienceDogra Rule & Treaty of Amritsar 1846
The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between Gulab Singh and which of the following parties?
Explanation
The historic Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the British East India Company (represented by Lord Hardinge), transferring the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees and creating the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.
16 मार्च 1846 को अमृतसर की ऐतिहासिक संधि महाराजा गुलाब सिंह और ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के बीच हस्ताक्षरित हुई थी, जिससे जम्मू-कश्मीर रियासत की नींव पड़ी।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
360📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)Illness Anxiety Disorder
According to DSM 5 TR, Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness without somatic symptoms or only mild in intensity, and high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors and the preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months is called as
Explanation
Illness Anxiety Disorder is defined by intense health anxiety with minimal or absent somatic symptoms lasting at least 6 months.
बिना शारीरिक लक्षणों के गंभीर बीमारी होने की सतत चिंता को 'इल्नेस एंग्जायटी डिसऑर्डर' कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
361📚Psychological Testing & NeuropsychologyAnatomical Terminology & Neuroanatomy
Match the Anatomical Directional Term with its Meaning:

| Term | Meaning |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Anterior | 2. Near or toward the head |
| ii. Posterior | 4. Near or toward the tail |
| iii. Dorsal | 1. Top of the head or back |
| iv. Ventral | 3. Bottom of the skull or front surface of the body |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In neuroanatomy: Anterior (Rostral) = Toward head/front (2); Posterior (Caudal) = Toward tail/back (4); Dorsal = Toward back/top of head (1); Ventral = Toward belly/bottom of skull (3). Code: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.
न्यूरोएनाटॉमी दिशा-निर्देश: Anterior (सिर की ओर - 2), Posterior (पूंछ की ओर - 4), Dorsal (पीठ/शीर्ष - 1), Ventral (उदर/तल - 3)। सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
362📚Psychotherapy & Interventions (CBT, Behavioral)Oncology & Secondary Brain Tumors
What are metastatic tumors?
Explanation
Metastatic tumors originate from primary cancers in other organs (e.g. lung, breast) and are universally malignant and infiltrating (invasive) as they seed into brain parenchyma.
मेटास्टैटिक ट्यूमर (Metastatic tumors) आक्रामक रूप से फैलने वाले और घातक (Infiltrating and malignant) होते हैं।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
363📚Health Psychology & Research MethodologyReality Therapy & Choice Theory (WDEP)
What does "WDEP" stand for in reality therapy?
Explanation
In Reality Therapy / Choice Theory (William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding), the WDEP system stands for: Wants, Direction and Doing, Self-Evaluation, and Planning for change.
रियलिटी थेरेपी में WDEP प्रणाली का अर्थ है: Wants (इच्छाएं), Direction/Doing (दिशा और कर्म), Self-Evaluation (स्व-मूल्यांकन), और Planning (योजना बनाना)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
364📚Health Psychology & Research MethodologySleep Physiology & Polysomnography
State the correct order of stages of sleep:
1. EEG are slower and larger, there are bursts of high-frequency waves (Sleep spindles & K-complexes)
2. Metabolism is at the lowest. EEG waves are entirely of delta waves
3. State of drowsiness, Predominant alpha waves
4. Predominance of delta waves. Some high frequency spindles.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
NREM sleep progression from light to deep slow-wave sleep: Stage 1 / Drowsiness with alpha transitions (3) -> Stage 2 with sleep spindles and slower waves (1) -> Stage 3 with emerging delta waves (4) -> Stage 4 deep slow-wave sleep dominated by delta waves and lowest metabolism (2). Sequence: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2.
नींद के चरणों का क्रम: उनींदापन व अल्फा तरंगें (3) → स्टेज 2 स्पिंडल तरंगें (1) → स्टेज 3 डेल्टा तरंगों का उद्भव (4) → स्टेज 4 गहरी डेल्टा नींद और न्यूनतम चयापचय (2)। सही क्रम: 3 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
365📚AC Fundamentals & Polyphase SystemsEarth Resistance Measurement
When measuring the resistance of an earthing system, which of the following factors is/are most important for ensuring accurate readings?
1. Length/Depth of the earthing electrode
2. Distance between measurement points
3. Type of soil surrounding the electrode

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Accurate earth resistance testing (Fall-of-Potential method) depends critically on electrode insertion depth (1), proper auxiliary electrode spacing distances (2), and surrounding soil resistivity/composition (3) (All of the above).
अर्थिंग प्रतिरोध के सटीक मापन के लिए इलेक्ट्रोड की गहराई (1), परीक्षण बिंदुओं के बीच की दूरी (2), और मिट्टी की प्रकृति (3) सभी आवश्यक हैं (उपरोक्त सभी)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
366📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesProperties of Magnetic Field Lines
Consider the following statements about Magnetic Field Lines in a Bar Magnet:
1. Outside the bar magnet, field lines are directed from the South Pole to the North Pole.
2. The lines form closed continuous curves and can never intersect with each other.
3. The magnetic field is strong where field lines are crowded and vice-versa.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is false because outside a magnet, magnetic field lines emerge from the North pole and enter the South pole (they run South to North only inside the magnet).
कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 1 गलत है क्योंकि चुंबक के बाहर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं उत्तरी ध्रुव (North) से दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South) की ओर जाती हैं।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
367📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic Field of a Solenoid
Why is the magnetic field at a point near the center but outside a current-carrying solenoid equal to zero?
Explanation
Outside an ideal long solenoid, the field vectors from opposite sides and adjacent turns point in opposite directions and destructively cancel each other out, resulting in a net external field of approximately zero.
परिनालिका (Solenoid) के बाहर आस-पास के फेरों द्वारा उत्पन्न चुंबकीय क्षेत्र विपरीत दिशा में होने के कारण एक-दूसरे को निरस्त कर देते हैं।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
368📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic vs Electrostatic Forces
Why do two wires carrying current in the same direction attract each other, while two beams of electrons traveling in the same direction repel each other?
Explanation
Current-carrying wires are electrically neutral (equal positive ions and electrons), so there is zero net electrostatic force, and magnetic attraction dominates. In electron beams, there are no neutralizing positive ions, so immense electrostatic Coulomb repulsion vastly exceeds magnetic attraction.
धारावाही तार विद्युत रूप से उदासीन होते हैं इसलिए उनमें केवल चुंबकीय आकर्षण बल लगता है, जबकि इलेक्ट्रॉन पुंजों में तीव्र स्थिर-वैद्युत प्रतिकर्षण बल (Electrostatic repulsion) प्रभावी होता है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
369📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesMagnetic Fields of Parallel Wires
Two long parallel wires carry currents I1 and I2, where I1 > I2. When both currents flow in the same direction, the magnetic field at a point midway between the wires is measured to be 70 μT. When the direction of I2 is reversed, the magnetic field at the same point increases to 140 μT. What is the value of I1 / I2?
Explanation
At the midpoint, when currents are parallel (same direction), fields oppose: B=k(I1−I2)=70 μTB = k(I_1 - I_2) = 70\ \mu\text{T}.
When anti-parallel (opposite direction), fields add: B′=k(I1+I2)=140 μTB' = k(I_1 + I_2) = 140\ \mu\text{T}.
I1+I2I1−I2=14070=2  ⟹  I1+I2=2I1−2I2  ⟹  I1=3I2  ⟹  I1I2=3:1.\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = \frac{140}{70} = 2 \implies I_1 + I_2 = 2I_1 - 2I_2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies \frac{I_1}{I_2} = 3:1.
समान दिशा में: I1−I2=70I_1 - I_2 = 70 तथा विपरीत दिशा में: I1+I2=140I_1 + I_2 = 140।
I1+I2I1−I2=2  ⟹  I1=3I2  ⟹  I1:I2=3:1\frac{I_1 + I_2}{I_1 - I_2} = 2 \implies I_1 = 3I_2 \implies I_1 : I_2 = 3:1।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
370📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesConductivity of Metals
Which option gives the correct arrangement of metals in the ascending order of their electrical conductivity?
Explanation
Electrical conductivity values (highest to lowest): Silver (105%) > Copper (100%) > Gold (70%) > Aluminum (61%). Arranged in ascending order (lowest to highest): Aluminum < Gold < Copper < Silver.
विद्युत चालकता का आरोही (बढ़ता) क्रम: एल्युमिनियम < सोना < तांबा < चांदी (चांदी की चालकता सर्वाधिक होती है)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
371📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesSelf-Inductance & Lenz's Law
A coil has a self-inductance of 5 mH. If the current through the coil increases from 0 to 2 A in 0.2 s, what is the magnitude and direction of the induced EMF?
Explanation
By Lenz's Law and Faraday's Law:
e=−LΔIΔt=−(5×10−3 H)×2−00.2=−5×10−3×10=−0.05 Ve = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}\text{ H}) \times \frac{2 - 0}{0.2} = - 5 \times 10^{-3} \times 10 = -0.05\text{ V}
Magnitude is 0.05 V, opposing the direction of current change.
लेंज के नियम से: e=−LΔIΔt=−(5×10−3)×10=−0.05e = -L \frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t} = - (5 \times 10^{-3}) \times 10 = -0.05 V (धारा परिवर्तन की विपरीत दिशा में)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
372📚Transformers & Electrical MachinesFleming's Left and Right Hand Rules
Consider the following statements about Fleming's rules:
1. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule is used to determine the direction of force in an electric motor when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field.
2. Fleming's Right Hand Rule is used to identify the direction of induced current when a conductor moves within a magnetic field which is essential for understanding generator functions.
3. Both of Fleming's rules have practical applications in various electromagnetic devices such as relays, loudspeakers, microphones, galvanometers, and maglev systems.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are correct: Fleming's Left-Hand Rule applies to Motors (FBI: Force, B-field, Current), Fleming's Right-Hand Rule applies to Generators (Induced Current), and both have broad electromagnetic applications.
तीनों कथन सही हैं: फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम मोटर के लिए (1), दायां हाथ नियम जनरेटर के लिए (2), और दोनों के व्यापक अनुप्रयोग हैं (3)।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
373📚Wiring Systems, Earthing & SafetyPotential Gradient & Field Theory
What is a voltage gradient?
Explanation
Voltage gradient (or potential gradient) refers to the rate of voltage change/reduction per unit distance across a dielectric medium or resistive conductor path (dV/dxdV/dx).
वोल्टेज प्रवणता (Voltage gradient) दूरी के सापेक्ष वोल्टेज में होने वाली कमी/परिवर्तन की दर (dV/dxdV/dx) है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
374📚Wiring Systems, Earthing & SafetyUniversal Motor & Series Motor on AC
Which type of DC motor can operate on a single-phase AC supply and why?
Explanation
A DC Series Motor (Universal Motor) can operate on AC because when current alternates, the armature current IaI_a and field flux Φ\Phi reverse simultaneously, keeping the developed electromagnetic torque (T∝ΦIaT \propto \Phi I_a) unidirectional in the same direction.
डीसी सीरीज मोटर (यूनिवर्सल मोटर) एसी पर चल सकती है क्योंकि प्रत्यावर्ती धारा में फ्लक्स और आर्मेचर धारा दोनों एक साथ बदलते हैं, जिससे टॉर्क हमेशा एक ही दिशा में धनात्मक रहता है।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
375📚Power Generation & DistributionOperating Modes of Induction Motor
Match the operating modes in 3-phase induction motor with their Features:

| Operating Modes | Features |
| :--- | :--- |
| i) Motoring Mode | 3) Speed is less than synchronous speed, torque varies from zero to full load as slip varies (0 < s < 1) |
| ii) Generating Mode | 1) Rotor speed exceeds synchronous speed, slip and torque are negative (s < 0) |
| iii) Braking Mode | 2) Supply phase sequence reversed (plugging) to rotate in reverse direction (s > 1) |

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching: i) Motoring Mode = 0<N<Ns0 < N < N_s (0<s<10 < s < 1) (3); ii) Generating Mode = N>NsN > N_s (s<0s < 0) driven by prime mover (1); iii) Braking / Plugging Mode = phase sequence swapped, rotor driven against field (s>1s > 1) (2). Code: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.
सही मिलान: i-3, ii-1, iii-2।
2025JKSSBPower Development & Technical Education Department
376📚Data Structures & AlgorithmsLoops in C (do-while)
Which loop is guaranteed to execute at least once in C?
Explanation
The `do-while` loop is an exit-controlled loop where the condition is evaluated after executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution.
`do-while` लूप एक एक्जिट-कंट्रोल्ड लूप है जो शर्त की जांच किए बिना कम से कम एक बार अवश्य चलता है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
377📚Database Management Systems (SQL)Graph Theory & Representations
Which of the following statements about graphs are correct?
1. A complete graph contains all possible edges between nodes.
2. In a directed graph, edges have a direction.
3. A graph can be represented using an adjacency matrix or adjacency list.
4. Depth-first search (DFS) is not applicable to cyclic graphs.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is false because DFS handles cyclic graphs easily by maintaining a boolean visited array to avoid infinite loops. Thus, 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं। कथन 4 गलत है क्योंकि DFS विजिटेड एरे की मदद से चक्रीय ग्राफ (Cyclic graphs) पर सफलतापूर्वक काम करता है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
378📚Operating Systems & System ArchitectureOperator Overloading Syntax
Arrange the following steps for overloading a binary operator in C++:
1. Define the operator function
2. Use the operator keyword in the function signature
3. Pass at least one argument of the class type
4. Implement the operator functionality

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Steps for binary operator overloading: 1 (Define prototype) → 2 (Use `operator+` keyword) → 3 (Accept right operand class argument) → 4 (Write logic in function body). Order: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
बाइनरी ऑपरेटर ओवरलोडिंग का क्रम: ऑपरेटर फंक्शन परिभाषित करना (1) → ऑपरेटर कीवर्ड का उपयोग (2) → क्लास टाइप आर्गुमेंट पास करना (3) → बॉडी कार्यान्वित करना (4)। क्रम: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
379📚Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionDogri Language & Takri Script
Which script is similar to the "Dogri" language of Jammu?
Explanation
Takri (or Takirilipi / Tankri) is the historic native script of the Dogri language and western Pahari dialects of Jammu and Himachal Pradesh.
डोगरी भाषा की ऐतिहासिक मूल लिपि 'टाकरी लिपि' (Takirilipi) है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
380📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsLaya (Tempo) in Classical Music
Which one of the following is the slowest laya or tempo in Indian Classical Music?
Explanation
In Indian classical music tempo classification: Vilambit Laya (or Ati-Vilambit) is the slow tempo, Madhya Laya is medium tempo, and Drut Laya is fast tempo.
भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में सबसे धीमी लय 'विलंबित लय' (Vilambit laya) होती है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
381📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureLorentz Force & Electron Deflection
A Beam of electrons is travelling in a straight line. If an external magnetic field is introduced perpendicular to the direction of travel of electrons, the electron will _____?
Explanation
According to the Lorentz Force Law (F⃗=−e(v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})), a magnetic field perpendicular to an electron's velocity exerts a magnetic deflecting force perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field lines (causing circular or curved trajectory without changing speed).
लॉरेंट्ज़ बल नियम (F⃗=−e(v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = -e(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})) के अनुसार, चुंबकीय क्षेत्र इलेक्ट्रॉन को उसके प्रारंभिक वेग और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र दोनों के लंबवत विक्षेपित करता है।
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382📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureDosimeter Energy Dependence
A series of dosimeter are irradiated in water with Co-60 and then with 15MV x-rays. In both cases the dose to the water at the position of the dosimeter was 1Gy. For which dosimeter will the reading for the two energies differ the least.
Explanation
An air-filled ionization chamber calibrated under cavity-gas Spencer-Attix theory has an energy response that is closest to water-equivalent tissue over megavoltage energy ranges (Co-60 to 15 MV), differing by less than 1-2% compared to diodes, films, or TLDs.
आयोनाइज़ेशन चैंबर (Ionization chamber) की ऊर्जा प्रतिक्रिया Co-60 और 15MV एक्स-रे के बीच सबसे कम भिन्न होती है (लगभग ऊर्जा-स्वतंत्र)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
383📚Radiation Physics & Atomic StructureHDR Brachytherapy Unit Safety Standards
In compliance with the NRC regulations, the leakage radiation levels outside the HDR unit:
Explanation
Under NRC / IAEA radiation safety regulations for High Dose Rate (HDR) remote afterloader brachytherapy units with the source in the shielded home storage position, radiation leakage must not exceed 1 mR/h at a distance of 10 cm from the surface.
NRC नियमों के अनुसार HDR यूनिट के शील्डेड अवस्था में होने पर सतह से 10 cm की दूरी पर लीकेज विकिरण 1 mR/h से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
384📚Radiation Detection & DosimetryOxygen Diffusion & Tumor Hypoxia
The distance to which oxygen can diffuse in tumour cells:
Explanation
Oxygen diffusion in tumor tissue is limited to approximately 70 to 100 micrometers from functional capillaries (Thomlinson & Gray model); beyond this diffusion radius, cells become chronically hypoxic and necrotic.
ट्यूमर कोशिकाओं में ऑक्सीजन की विसरण दूरी केशिका से लगभग 70 माइक्रोमीटर (70 μm70\ \mu\text{m}) होती है, जिसके आगे क्रोनिक हाइपोक्सिया और नेक्रोसिस होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
385📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningUltrasound Pulse-Echo Distance Formula
Bone thickness is equal to:
Explanation
In pulse-echo ultrasound, sound travels to the reflecting bone interface and back (two-way transit time Δt\Delta t). The one-way anatomical thickness is d=c⋅Δt2d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2}.
पल्स-इको अल्ट्रासाउंड में परावर्तन समय Δt\Delta t के लिए दूरी का सूत्र d=c⋅Δt2d = \frac{c \cdot \Delta t}{2} होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
386📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningUltrasound Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
In ultrasound a 4 MHz transducer has a useful range of 10cm. What is the maximum pulse repetition frequency of this transducer?
Explanation
Speed of sound in soft tissue c=1540 m/s=154,000 cm/sc = 1540\text{ m/s} = 154,000\text{ cm/s}.
Round-trip transit distance for depth d=10 cmd = 10\text{ cm} is 2d=20 cm2d = 20\text{ cm}.
Time required per pulse Δt=20 cm154,000 cm/s≈1.2987×10−4 s\Delta t = \frac{20\text{ cm}}{154,000\text{ cm/s}} \approx 1.2987 \times 10^{-4}\text{ s}.
Maximum PRF=1Δt=15400020=7700 Hz=7.7 kHz.\text{Maximum PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = \frac{154000}{20} = 7700\text{ Hz} = 7.7\text{ kHz}.
10 सेमी गहराई के लिए 2-तरफा दूरी 20 सेमी है। समय Δt=20154000=1.3×10−4\Delta t = \frac{20}{154000} = 1.3 \times 10^{-4} सेकंड। अधिकतम PRF=1Δt=7.7 kHz\text{PRF} = \frac{1}{\Delta t} = 7.7\text{ kHz}।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
387📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningTissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) Parameters
Tissue-Maximum ratio (TMR) depends on:
Explanation
Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR) is defined as the ratio of dose at a given depth in phantom to dose at dmax⁡d_{\max} at the same point in space. It depends strictly on Beam Energy, Depth (dd), and Field Size (rdr_d), and is completely independent of distance (SAD/SSD).
टिशू-मैक्सिमम रेशियो (TMR) केवल बीम ऊर्जा (Energy), गहराई (Depth) और फील्ड साइज पर निर्भर करता है और दूरी (SAD/SSD) से स्वतंत्र होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
388📚Clinical Oncology & Treatment PlanningTissue-Air Ratio (TAR) Properties
TAR is:
Explanation
Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR): 1) At dmax⁡d_{\max}, TAR(dmax⁡,r)=BSF\text{TAR}(d_{\max}, r) = \text{BSF}; 2) Is independent of source distance (SAD); 3) Is standardly used in rotational / isocentric treatment time calculations (All of the above).
टिशू-एयर रेशियो (TAR) dmax⁡d_{\max} पर BSF के बराबर होता है, SAD से स्वतंत्र होता है, और रोटेशनल थेरेपी की गणना में प्रयुक्त होता है (उपरोक्त सभी)।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
389📚Radiation Safety, Protection & Quality AssuranceLinear Accelerator Treatment Head Structure
The primary collimator in a linear accelerator is located before the:
Explanation
In a medical linear accelerator treatment head, the components in beam direction are: Electron Gun → Accelerator Tube → Bending Magnet → X-ray Target → Primary Collimator → Flattening Filter / Scattering Foil → Ion Chamber → Secondary Jaws. Thus, the primary collimator is located before the Flattening Filter.
लीनियर एक्सेलेरेटर में प्राथमिक कोलिमेटर (Primary collimator) टार्गेट के बाद और फ्लैटनिंग फिल्टर (Flattening filter) से पहले स्थित होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
390📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingAncient Monuments
The ancient city of Petra, known for its rock - cut architecture, is located in which modern - day country?
Explanation
The rock-cut city of Petra is situated in southwestern Jordan.
पेट्रा की प्रसिद्ध रॉक-कट वास्तुकला जॉर्डन देश में स्थित है।
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391📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingShading and Depth
Which of the following methods is commonly used to create depth in memory drawings?
Explanation
Tonal shading gradients and value contrast imply distance, light, and depth.
दूरी और गहराई दर्शाने के लिए शेडिंग ग्रेडिएंट्स (Shading Gradients) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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392📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPerspective Systems
Match the perspective technique with its description:

Perspective Technique:
1. One-point perspective
2. Two-point Perspective
3. Atmospheric Perspective

Descriptions:
i. Uses multiple vanishing points to represent angles and depth.
ii. Uses a single vanishing point to represent depth from a single angle.
iii. Uses fading colours and detail to create the illusion of distance.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
1-ii (1-point = single VP), 2-i (2-point = multiple VPs), 3-iii (Atmospheric = fading color/contrast).
1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii सही मिलान है।
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393📚Entomology, Microbiology & Plant PathologyBiodiversity Hotspots
The two main characteristic of hotspot are :
Explanation
Norman Myers criteria for a Biodiversity Hotspot: (1) It must contain at least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species (>0.5% of world total); (2) It must have lost at least 70% of its original primary habitat.
हॉटस्पॉट के दो मुख्य लक्षण: कम से कम 0.5% स्थानिक प्रजातियां और 70% या अधिक प्राथमिक वनस्पति का ह्रास।
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394📚Evolutionary Biology, Genetics & ZoologyMolecular Evolution
With time molecular distance between organisms increases during evolution largely due to
Explanation
Motoo Kimura's Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution demonstrates that the majority of evolutionary divergence at the molecular sequence level is driven by the steady accumulation of neutral mutations.
तटस्थ उत्परिवर्तन (Neutral mutation) आणविक घड़ी के आधार पर प्रजातियों के बीच आणविक दूरी बढ़ाने का मुख्य कारण है।
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395📚Animal Behaviour, Ecology & Population DynamicsIndian Biodiversity Hotspots
Total number of biological hot spot in India
Explanation
India encompasses 4 recognized Biodiversity Hotspots: (1) The Himalayas, (2) Indo-Burma, (3) Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, and (4) Sundaland (Nicobar Islands).
भारत में 4 प्रमुख जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट हैं (हिमालय, इंडो-बर्मा, पश्चिमी घाट और सुंदरलैंड)।
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396📚Immunology, Cell Biology & Assertion AnalysisMucosal Immunology
Which one of the following immunoglobulins is present in milk and tears?
Explanation
Secretory IgA (dimeric with J-chain and secretory component) is the principal mucosal antibody in tears, saliva, colostrum, and breast milk.
आंसुओं और दूध में स्रावी इम्युनोग्लोबुलिन IgA प्रमुखता से पाया जाता है।
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397📚Dermatopathology & Laboratory MicrobiologyImmunodiagnostic Techniques
Consider the following pairs:
Technique:
i. Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF)
ii. Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF)
iii. Western Blot
iv. Immunohistochemistry

Purpose:
1. Detection of antibody in serum - two step
2. Detection of proteins, using gel electrophoresis
3. Antigen detection in tissue sections
4. Detecting antibody deposition in tissue - single step

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
DIF -> In vivo tissue antibody deposition (4), IIF -> Circulating serum autoantibodies (1), Western blot -> Size-separated protein detection (2), IHC -> Tissue antigen visualization with enzyme chromogen (3).
i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3 सही मिलान है।
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398📚Diagnostic Mycology, Clinical Procedures & EmergenciesKOH Mount Examination
Consider the following statements about the KOH preparation test:
i. Skin scrapings, hair, or nail samples may be examined using this test.
ii. The test relies on the ability of potassium hydroxide to dissolve keratin and leave fungal hyphae intact.
iii. A positive KOH test is definitive for a bacterial infection.
iv. Clusters of yeast with short mycelial forms are diagnostic of dermatophytosis

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i and ii are correct. Statement iii is false (KOH tests for fungal elements); Statement iv is false (spaghetti and meatball pattern is diagnostic of Pityriasis versicolor / Malassezia, not dermatophytes).
कथन i और ii सही हैं। KOH केराटिन को घोलकर फंगल हाइफे को स्पष्ट दिखाता है।
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399📚Diagnostic Mycology, Clinical Procedures & EmergenciesCryptococcus Diagnosis
Consider the following statements regarding Cryptococcus neoformans:
i. India ink preparation is a rapid diagnostic method to identify Cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid.
ii. On histopathological examination, mucicarmine stain highlights the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans.
iii. Sabouraud's dextrose agar can be used for culturing Cryptococcus neoformans.
iv. Gram staining is the most specific method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are correct. Statement iv is false because Gram staining is non-specific for encapsulated yeast.
कथन i, ii, और iii सही हैं (इंडिया इंक और म्यूसीकारमाइन स्टेन से कैप्सूल पहचाना जाता है)।
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400🔬General ScienceKinematics
In negative acceleration, the velocity of a body _______
Explanation
Negative acceleration (retardation or deceleration) acts in the direction opposite to motion, causing the velocity of the body to decrease over time.
ऋणात्मक त्वरण (मंदन/Deceleration) में वस्तु का वेग समय के साथ घटता (Decreases) है।
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401🔬General ScienceIndustrial Microbiology
Which one of the following type of micro-organism is most widely used in industries?
Explanation
Industrial biotechnology utilizes bacteria (antibiotics/enzymes), microalgae (biofuels/pigments), and fungi (yeast fermentation, penicillin).
औद्योगिक स्तर पर बैक्टीरिया, सूक्ष्म शैवाल (Micro algae) और कवक (Fungi) का सर्वाधिक उपयोग होता है।
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402🔬General ScienceVectors and Forces
Which of the following statement is true about force?
Explanation
Force is a vector physical quantity possessing both magnitude and direction.
बल (Force) एक सदिश राशि है जिसमें परिमाण और दिशा (Magnitude and direction) दोनों होते हैं।
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403🔬General ScienceUniform Circular Motion
Suppose a boy is moving with a uniform velocity of 10 m/s on a merry-go-round ride. Which of the following is true of the given scenario?
Explanation
Uniform circular motion involves a continuous change in the direction of velocity, which creates a centripetal acceleration (a=v2ra = \frac{v^2}{r}).
मेले के झूले (वृत्तीय गति) पर गति की दिशा लगातार बदलने के कारण बालक त्वरित गति (Accelerated motion) में है।
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404🔬General ScienceSolar System Astronomy
The coldest planet in the solar system is
Explanation
Neptune is the farthest major planet from the Sun with average temperatures dropping to −214∘C-214^\circ\text{C} (Uranus also records lowest atmospheric temperatures).
सौरमंडल का सबसे ठंडा ग्रह नेपच्यून (Neptune) है।
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405📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTPhysiography of J&K
Between which mountain ranges is Kashmir Valley located
Explanation
The Vale of Kashmir is an intermontane valley nestled between the Great Himalayas (Himadri) to the northeast and the Pir Panjal range to the southwest.
कश्मीर घाटी ग्रेटर हिमालय (हिमाद्रि) और पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला (Himadri-Pir Panjal) के बीच स्थित है।
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406📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTTunnels and Infrastructure in J&K
Which of the following options is the longest all weather road tunnel that has enabled increase in trade and tourism in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel (Chenani-Nashri Tunnel on NH-44) spans 9.28 km, making it India's longest bi-directional all-weather road tunnel.
डॉ. श्यामा प्रसाद मुखर्जी टनल (चेनानी-नाशरी टनल - 9.28 किमी) जम्मू और कश्मीर की सबसे लंबी ऑल-वेदर रोड टनल है।
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407📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTClimatology of J&K
Which part of the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir has a typical monsoon tropical climate?
Explanation
The southern plain and sub-tropical foothill strip of Jammu division (Kathua, Samba, Jammu plains) experiences a tropical monsoon climate.
जम्मू और कश्मीर का दक्षिणी भाग (Southern part - जम्मू/कठुआ के मैदानी क्षेत्र) मानसूनी उष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु वाला है।
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408📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTSocial Indicators
Which one of the following states is ranked economically at the top but lowest on the basis of sex ratio?
Explanation
Haryana has high per-capita income but recorded the lowest child and overall sex ratio (879 females per 1000 males in Census 2011).
हरियाणा (Haryana) आर्थिक रूप से समृद्ध होने के बावजूद 2011 की जनगणना में सबसे कम लिंगानुपात (879) वाला राज्य था।
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409📚Refrigeration Cycles, Tools & PsychrometricsHVAC Tools & Equipment
Arrange the following AC repair tools in order of price (lowest to highest).
1. Refrigerant Gauge Set
2. Digital Thermometer
3. Vacuum Pump
4. Refrigerant Recovery Machine
5. Manifold Gauge Set
Which of the above is/are correct?
Explanation
Tool price progression (lowest to highest): Digital Thermometer (2) -> Gauge Sets (5/1) -> Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump (3) -> Commercial Refrigerant Recovery Machine (4).
मूल्य का बढ़ता क्रम: डिजिटल थर्मामीटर (2) -> गेज सेट -> वैक्यूम पंप (3) -> रेफ्रिजरेंट रिकवरी मशीन (4)। सही विकल्प B है।
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410📚Comfort Conditions, Insulation, Piping & RefrigerantsThermal Insulation Properties
Which of the following correctly describes thermal insulation types and their properties?
1. Fiberglass insulation is known for its high thermal conductivity and is primarily used for soundproofing.
2. Mineral wool insulation provides both thermal and fire resistance.
3. Aerogel insulation has one of the lowest thermal conductivities, making it ideal for extreme conditions.
4. Spray foam insulation is often used in industrial applications due to its low durability.
Which of the statement is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Fiberglass has low (not high) thermal conductivity, and spray foam insulation possesses high durability.
कथन 2 और 3 सही हैं (खनिज ऊन थर्मल और अग्नि प्रतिरोध प्रदान करती है, और एरोगेल में सबसे कम तापीय चालकता होती है)।
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411📚Electrical Controls, Troubleshooting & Absorption SystemsElectronic Components Fundamentals
Match List-I (Electronic component) to List-II (Function) and select correct answer
List-I:
i. Resistor
ii. Capacitor
iii. Diode
iv. Transistor
v. LED

List-II:
1. Stores electric charge
2. Regulates current flow and provides resistance
3. Amplifies signals or acts as a switch
4. Emits light when current flows through it.
5. Allows current to flow in one direction only

Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
Resistor -> Current regulation (i-2), Capacitor -> Charge storage (ii-1), Diode -> One-way rectifier (iii-5), Transistor -> Switch/Amplifier (iv-3), LED -> Light emission (v-4).
i-2, ii-1, iii-5, iv-3, v-4 सही मिलान है।
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412📚Electrical Controls, Troubleshooting & Absorption SystemsElectrical Wire Joints
Which joint is used in overhead lines for extending the length of the wire (shown in the diagram with twisted interlocked wire turns)?
Explanation
The Western Union splice (Lineman's joint) wraps two conductors around each other and tightly coils them to provide high tensile mechanical strength in overhead wire extensions.
चित्र में सिरोपरि लाइनों (Overhead lines) में तार की लंबाई बढ़ाने के लिए प्रयुक्त वेस्टर्न यूनियन जॉइंट (Western union joint) दिखाया गया है।
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413📚Child Psychology & Disability FrameworksPrinciples of Development
Which of the following statement is correct about the process of development of an individual?
Explanation
Development is multi-dimensional, multi-directional, and shaped by the dynamic interplay of heredity, environment, and sociocultural contexts.
विकास की प्रक्रिया में सांस्कृतिक विविधता (Cultural diversity) पाई जाती है और यह बहुआयामी होती है।
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414📚Curriculum Development & Teaching MethodologiesVygotsky's ZPD
Who give the term Zone of Proximal Development?
Explanation
Lev Vygotsky introduced the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) as the distance between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance/scaffolding.
समीपस्थ विकास का क्षेत्र (Zone of Proximal Development / ZPD) की अवधारणा लेव वायगोत्स्की (Lev Vygotsky) ने दी थी।
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415📚Human Anatomy, Physiology & Public Health ProgrammesCardiovascular System
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Explanation
The Aorta is the largest systemic artery that conveys oxygenated blood under high pressure from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation.
महाधमनी (Aorta) हृदय के बाएं निलय से ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को पूरे शरीर में ले जाती है।
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416📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHHealth Policy Formulation
What is the primary function of the "National Health Policy" in a country's healthcare system?
Explanation
A National Health Policy establishes the visionary blueprint, strategic directions, investment priorities, and regulatory goals guiding resource allocation across the entire national health system.
राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य नीति का मुख्य कार्य समग्र स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र के लिए रणनीतिक दिशाएं, लक्ष्य और प्राथमिकताएं निर्धारित करना (Set strategic directions and goals) है।
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417📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHFamily Planning Spacing
According to the Indian Family Planning Program, which of the following is the recommended spacing between two children?
Explanation
Under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare guidelines, an inter-pregnancy birth interval of at least 3 years (36 months) is recommended to ensure maternal nutritional recovery and infant survival.
भारतीय परिवार नियोजन कार्यक्रम के अनुसार दो बच्चों के बीच कम से कम 3 वर्ष (At least 3 years) का अंतर अनुशंसित है।
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418📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHPostnatal Newborn Care
In postnatal care, what is the most important aspect of monitoring the health of the newborn during the first week after birth?
Explanation
Home-Based Newborn Care (HBNC) guidelines prioritize assessing thermal status (preventing hypothermia), weight gain, umbilical stump hygiene, and exclusive breastfeeding adequacy.
प्रसवोत्तर देखभाल में जन्म के पहले सप्ताह में नवजात के तापमान, वजन और स्तनपान पैटर्न (Temperature, weight, and feeding patterns) की निगरानी सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।
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419📚Food Safety (HACCP), Public Health Legislation & MCHExclusive Breastfeeding Duration
What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, according to WHO guidelines?
Explanation
WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding (giving only breast milk without any additional food, liquids, or water) for the first 6 complete months of life.
WHO के अनुसार जन्म के पहले 6 महीने (6 months) तक केवल स्तनपान (Exclusive breastfeeding) कराने की सिफारिश की गई है।
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420📚First Aid, Basic Pharmacology, Inventory & Municipal AdministrationFirst Aid for Animal Bites
In case of a dog bite, which of the following should be done first?
Explanation
Immediate post-exposure prophylaxis for potential rabies dog bites requires vigorously washing all bite wounds and scratches under running tap water with soap for at least 15 minutes to wash out viral inoculum.
कुत्ते के काटने पर रेबीज से बचाव के लिए सबसे पहले घाव को कम से कम 15 मिनट तक साबुन और बहते पानी से अच्छी तरह धोना चाहिए।
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421📚Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry & Reaction IntermediatesThermodynamic vs Kinetic Control
Thermodynamic control of a reaction favours the formation of the product that :
Explanation
Under thermodynamic control (elevated temperatures, reversible equilibrium conditions), the product with the lowest free energy (highest thermodynamic stability) predominates.
ऊष्मागतिकीय नियंत्रण (Thermodynamic control) उस उत्पाद के निर्माण का पक्ष लेता है जो सबसे अधिक स्थायी (Most stable product) होता है।
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422📚Conservation Science, Material Degradation & Preventive ConservationMetal Activity Series
Arrange the following metals in the increasing order of activity (reactivity series):
i) Copper
ii) Zinc
iii) Gold
iv) Silver
v) Lead
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Explanation
Reactivity series from least active (noble) to most active: Gold (AuAu, iii) < Silver (AgAg, iv) < Copper (CuCu, i) < Lead (PbPb, v) < Zinc (ZnZn, ii).
धातुओं की क्रियाशीलता का बढ़ता क्रम: सोना (iii) < चांदी (iv) < तांबा (i) < सीसा (v) < जस्ता (ii)। सही क्रम B (iii, iv, i, v, ii) है।
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423📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsOcular Physiology
What function does change in shape of lens play when it helps the eye focus on near or far vision?
Explanation
Accommodation is the physiological adjustment of optical lens curvature by the ciliary muscle to focus light rays onto the retina across varying focal distances.
निकट या दूर की वस्तुओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने के लिए आंख के लेंस के आकार में होने वाले परिवर्तन को 'समंजन' (Accommodation) कहा जाता है।
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424📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsHearing Aid Typologies
Some persons with hearing impairment prefer to keep their disability hidden. Based on this idea arrange the following in order of how less visible or hidden this type of hearing aid would be from least visible to the most visible:
i. In the ear (ITE)
ii. Completely in the canal (CIC)
iii. Behind the ear (BTE)
iv. In the canal (ITC)
Options:
Explanation
Visibility hierarchy from least visible (most concealed) to most conspicuous: (ii) Completely-in-the-Canal (CIC) -> (iv) In-the-Canal (ITC) -> (i) In-the-Ear (ITE) -> (iii) Behind-the-Ear (BTE).
दृश्यता का बढ़ता क्रम (सबसे अदृश्य से सबसे दृश्य): CIC (ii) -> ITC (iv) -> ITE (i) -> BTE (iii)। सही क्रम C (ii, iv, i, iii) है।
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425📚Medical Aspects of Disability & Research Methodology / StatisticsHypothesis Testing Directionality
In a given research you are interested in testing the difference between means. Your alternate hypothesis is non directional. Which test will be carried out?
Explanation
A non-directional alternate hypothesis (H1:μ1≠μ2H_1: \mu_1 \ne \mu_2) does not specify the direction of difference, requiring a Two-Tailed statistical significance test splitting α\alpha across both tails.
एक गैर-दिशात्मक परिकल्पना (Non-directional hypothesis) के परीक्षण के लिए 'द्वि-पुच्छीय परीक्षण' (Two-tailed test) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
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426📚Experimental Designs, Psychological Assessment & PsychometricsNon-Parametric Statistical Tests Match
Match the following non-parametric statistical techniques with their purpose:
i. Mann Whitney U Test
ii. Kendall's Tau
iii. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
iv. Kruskal Wallis Test

Purpose:
1. Determine strength and direction of association
2. Compare two independent groups
3. Compares three or more (paired) dependent samples
4. Compare three or more independent groups
5. Compare two (paired) dependent samples

Options:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Mann-Whitney U = 2 independent groups), ii -> 1 (Kendall's Tau = rank association correlation), iii -> 5 (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank = 2 paired dependent samples), iv -> 4 (Kruskal-Wallis = 3+ independent groups).
i-2, ii-1, iii-5, iv-4 सही मिलान है।
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427📚Medical Records Science, Policies & HMISHistory of Medical Records
The first medical record unit was established in which Country?
Explanation
The modern scientific medical record system was pioneered in the United States at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston) in 1821, leading to the creation of the Association of Record Librarians of North America (AHIMA) in 1928.
आधुनिक चिकित्सा अभिलेख इकाई (Medical Record Unit) की शुरुआत संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (United States) में हुई थी।
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428📚Medical Records Science, Policies & HMISDrugs and Cosmetics Act Regulations
What is the maximum retention period for medical records as per the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, for patients treated with controlled substances in India?
Explanation
Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and NDPS statutory rules, registers and prescription records for controlled schedule substances and psychotropics must be preserved for at least 2 to 5 years.
ड्रग्स एंड कॉस्मेटिक्स एक्ट के तहत नियंत्रित दवाओं से संबंधित पर्चे और रिकॉर्ड 5 वर्ष (5 years) तक सुरक्षित रखे जाते हैं।
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429📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed Distance Time
A train is running at 60 km/hr60\text{ km/hr}. How far will it travel in 2.5 hours?
Explanation
Distance=Speed×Time=60 km/h×2.5 h=150 km\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 60\text{ km/h} \times 2.5\text{ h} = 150\text{ km}.
दूरी =60×2.5=150= 60 \times 2.5 = 150 किमी।
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430📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeDirection and Shadows Reasoning
One morning Ajay and Vijay were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Vijay's shadow was exactly to the left of Ajay, which direction was Ajay facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun is in the East, so shadows fall towards the West. If the shadow is to the left of Ajay, Ajay's left is West. Facing North puts West to the left. Therefore, Ajay was facing North.
सुबह सूर्य पूर्व में होता है जिससे छाया पश्चिम में पड़ती है। यदि छाया अजय के बाईं ओर है, तो अजय का बायां पश्चिम है, अर्थात अजय उत्तर (North) दिशा की ओर मुंह करके खड़ा है।
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431📚ICD Coding, Record Audits & Quantitative AptitudeDirection Sense Test
Rasik walked 20m towards North. Then he turned right and walked 30m. Then he turns right and walks 35m. Then he turns left and walks 15m. Finally, he turns left and walks 15m. In which direction and how many meters is he from the starting position?
Explanation
North +20m, East +30m, South -35m (net: -15m South, +30m East), East +15m (net: -15m South, +45m East), North +15m (net: 0m North-South, +45m East). Final position: 45m East of origin.
उत्तर 20m, दाएं 30m, दाएं 35m, बाएं 15m, बाएं 15m। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से अंतिम स्थिति 45 मीटर पूर्व (45m East) है।
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432📚Classical Talas, Aesthetics (Rasa-Bhava) & StylisticsPashchim vs Purab Baj
Which Gharana of Tabla is regarded as Gharana of Pashchim Baj?
Explanation
Delhi and Ajrada Gharanas constitute the 'Pashchim Baj' (Western style - delicate kinar/two-finger technique), while Lucknow, Farrukhabad, and Banaras form the 'Purab Baj'.
पश्चिमी बाज (Pashchim Baj) के अंतर्गत 'अजराड़ा घराना' (Ajrada) और दिल्ली घराना आते हैं।
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433📚Carnatic Tala System, Acoustics of Tabla & MaestrosHindustani Laghu Value
How many Matras are there of Laghu in North Indian Music?
Explanation
In Hindustani classical musicology, a Laghu represents a standard single beat / 1 matra duration (or 4 matras in ancient classical prana notation).
उत्तर भारतीय संगीत में सामान्यतः लघु का मान 1 मात्रा (One matra) माना जाता है।
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434📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following Country is not a member of BRICS?
Explanation
BRICS was originally founded by Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (Indonesia is not a founding member).
दिए गए विकल्पों में 'इंडोनेशिया' (Indonesia) BRICS का सदस्य नहीं है।
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435📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsWorld Physical Geography
The mysterious Bermuda Triangle is located in
Explanation
The Bermuda Triangle (Devil's Triangle) is loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico.
रहस्यमयी बरमूडा ट्रायंगल 'उत्तरी अटलांटिक महासागर' (North Atlantic Ocean) में स्थित है।
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436📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsNobel Prizes 2024
In 2024, Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to
Explanation
South Korean author Han Kang was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature 'for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life'.
वर्ष 2024 का साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार दक्षिण कोरियाई लेखिका 'हान कांग' (Han Kang) को प्रदान किया गया।
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437📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsReligious Heritage of J&K
Utterbehni of J&K, a religious place situated on the bank of legendary Devika is located in
Explanation
Utterbehni (known as Uttarvahini where the sacred Devika river flows northwards) is a historic pilgrimage destination situated in Samba district, Jammu division.
पवित्र देविका नदी के तट पर स्थित धार्मिक स्थल उत्तरबेहनी (Utterbehni) 'सांभा' (Samba) जिले में स्थित है।
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438📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityRelative Speed Distance
Ajay and Vijay travel from A to B at 17 km/hr17\text{ km/hr} and 19 km/hr19\text{ km/hr}, respectively. A is 72 km72\text{ km} away from B. Vijay reaches B first and returns immediately and meets Ajay at C. Find B to C distance?
Explanation
Total distance covered by Ajay and Vijay combined =2×72=144 km= 2 \times 72 = 144\text{ km}. Time to meet t=14417+19=14436=4 hourst = \frac{144}{17 + 19} = \frac{144}{36} = 4\text{ hours}. Distance travelled by Vijay =19×4=76 km= 19 \times 4 = 76\text{ km}. Distance from B to meeting point C =76−72=4 km= 76 - 72 = 4\text{ km}.
मिलने का समय =2×7217+19=14436=4= \frac{2 \times 72}{17 + 19} = \frac{144}{36} = 4 घंटे। विजय द्वारा तय दूरी =19×4=76= 19 \times 4 = 76 किमी। B से C की दूरी =76−72=4= 76 - 72 = 4 किमी।
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439📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed and Units Conversion
A car is running at a speed of 90 km/h90\text{ km/h}. What distance will it cover in 15 second?
Explanation
Speed in m/s=90×518=25 m/s\text{m/s} = 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}. Distance =25 m/s×15 s=375 m= 25\text{ m/s} \times 15\text{ s} = 375\text{ m}.
गति =90×518=25 m/s= 90 \times \frac{5}{18} = 25\text{ m/s}। दूरी =25×15=375= 25 \times 15 = 375 मीटर।
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440📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Refraction of Light
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called
Explanation
Refraction is the change in direction and velocity of a light wave passing obliquely across the interface from one transparent optical medium to another.
प्रकाश का एक माध्यम से दूसरे माध्यम में जाने पर मुड़ना 'अपवर्तन' (Refraction) कहलाता है।
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441📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyEarth Latitudes
What is the latitude of the Equator?
Explanation
The Equator is the reference line of 0∘0^\circ latitude dividing the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
भूमध्य रेखा (Equator) का अक्षांश 0∘0^\circ होता है।
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442📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyPoles Latitude
The South Pole is located at which latitude?
Explanation
The South Pole is the southernmost point on Earth located at 90∘ S90^\circ\text{ S} latitude.
दक्षिणी ध्रुव (South Pole) 90∘ S90^\circ\text{ S} (90 डिग्री दक्षिण) अक्षांश पर स्थित है।
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443📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection Sense
A person walks 10 meters to the North, then 5 meters to the East, then 10 meters to the South, and finally 5 meters to the East. In which direction is the person now from the starting point?
Explanation
Vertical displacement: +10m North−10m South=0m+10\text{m North} - 10\text{m South} = 0\text{m}. Horizontal displacement: +5m East+5m East=+10m East+5\text{m East} + 5\text{m East} = +10\text{m East}. The person is directly East of origin.
उत्तर 10m और दक्षिण 10m से लंबवत दूरी शून्य हो जाती है। पूर्व में 5+5=105 + 5 = 10 मीटर। व्यक्ति प्रारंभिक बिंदु से 'पूर्व' (East) दिशा में है।
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444📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDisplacement Reasoning
If a person walks 10 meters East, then 5 meters North, then 10 meters West, and finally 5 meters South, where is he now in relation to his starting point?
Explanation
East 10m, North 5m, West 10m (returns to starting longitude), South 5m (returns to starting latitude). Net displacement is zero (At the same point).
पूर्व 10m, उत्तर 5m, पश्चिम 10m, दक्षिण 5m। व्यक्ति ठीक अपने प्रारंभिक बिंदु पर (At the same point) वापस आ जाता है।
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445📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyDirection and Cardinal Points
A person starts walking from a point. He walks 10 meters North, then turns to his left and walks 20 meters. Then, he turns right and walks 10 meters again. In which direction is he from the starting point?
Explanation
North 10m (+y), Left (West) 20m (-x), Right (North) 10m (+y). Net position is +20m North+20\text{m North} and 20m West  ⟹  20\text{m West} \implies North-West.
उत्तर 10m, बाएं (पश्चिम) 20m, दाएं (उत्तर) 10m। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से दिशा 'उत्तर-पश्चिम' (North-west) है।
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446📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed and Distance Equations
A train is traveling at a speed equal to 1/6 times the square of the car's speed. If the car takes 13 hours and the train takes 6 hours to reach the destination at the x km. Find the value of x in km.
Explanation
Let car speed be vcv_c. Train speed vt=16vc2v_t = \frac{1}{6} v_c^2. Distance x=13vc=6vt=6(16vc2)=vc2x = 13 v_c = 6 v_t = 6 \left(\frac{1}{6} v_c^2\right) = v_c^2. Thus 13vc=vc2  ⟹  vc=13 km/h13 v_c = v_c^2 \implies v_c = 13\text{ km/h}. Distance x=13(13)=169 kmx = 13(13) = 169\text{ km}.
दूरी x=13vc=vc2  ⟹  vc=13x = 13 v_c = v_c^2 \implies v_c = 13 किमी/घंटा। दूरी x=13×13=169x = 13 \times 13 = 169 किमी।
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447📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityBinomial Probability
A coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of getting at least 2 tails?
Explanation
Total outcomes =25=32= 2^5 = 32. P(at least 2 tails)=1−P(0 tails)−P(1 tail)=1−132−532=1−632=2632=1316P(\text{at least 2 tails}) = 1 - P(0\text{ tails}) - P(1\text{ tail}) = 1 - \frac{1}{32} - \frac{5}{32} = 1 - \frac{6}{32} = \frac{26}{32} = \frac{13}{16}.
कुल परिणाम =32= 32। कम से कम 2 पट (Tails) आने की प्रायिकता =1−1+532=2632=1316= 1 - \frac{1+5}{32} = \frac{26}{32} = \frac{13}{16}।
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448📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityLCM and HCF Algebraic Identities
The sum of two numbers is 42. Their Least Common Multiple (LCM) is 135, and their Highest Common Factor (HCF) is 3. Find the sum of the squares of both numbers.
Explanation
Product of numbers ab=LCM×HCF=135×3=405ab = \text{LCM} \times \text{HCF} = 135 \times 3 = 405. Sum a+b=42a + b = 42. Sum of squares a2+b2=(a+b)2−2ab=422−2(405)=1764−810=954a^2 + b^2 = (a + b)^2 - 2ab = 42^2 - 2(405) = 1764 - 810 = 954.
a2+b2=(a+b)2−2ab=422−2(135×3)=1764−810=954a^2 + b^2 = (a + b)^2 - 2ab = 42^2 - 2(135 \times 3) = 1764 - 810 = 954।
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449📚General Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection and Displacement
Mohan is standing at point P. He walks 5 meters north, then turns left and walks 6 meters. He then turns right and walks 8 meters. After this, he turns right again and walks 6 meters. Finally, he turns left and walks 5 meters. What is the shortest distance back to point P?
Explanation
North +5m, Left (West) -6m, Right (North) +8m, Right (East) +6m (cancels West), Left (North) +5m. Total North displacement =5+8+5=18 meters= 5 + 8 + 5 = 18\text{ meters}. East-West displacement =0= 0. Shortest distance back to P =18 meters= 18\text{ meters}.
उत्तर दिशा में कुल विस्थापन =5+8+5=18= 5 + 8 + 5 = 18 मीटर (18 meters)। पूर्व-पश्चिम विस्थापन शून्य है।
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450📚General Mental Ability & Logical ReasoningDirection Sense
A man started walking from point A and walked 10 meters towards the west. He then turns to his right and walks 15 meters. After turning to his right again, he walks 10 meters. After this, he turns to his right and walks 20 meters. Finally, he turns to his left and walks 5 meters. In which direction is he now from his starting point?
Explanation
West 10m (-x), Right (North) 15m (+y), Right (East) 10m (x returns to 0), Right (South) 20m (-y net: -5m South), Left (East) 5m (+x net: +5m East). Final position is South-East of origin.
अंतिम स्थिति: 5 मीटर दक्षिण और 5 मीटर पूर्व   ⟹  \implies दक्षिण-पूर्व (Southeast)।
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451📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyAncient Indian Art & Architecture
Consider the following statements about Sittanavasal Cave:
1. The Sittanavasal Caves in Tamil Nadu are ancient Jain rock-cut temples dating back to the 7th century CE.
2. The caves are renowned for their fresco-secco mural paintings, which depict scenes of lotus ponds, animals, and Jain monks.
3. These caves are a significant example of Jain art and architecture in South India.
Which of the above statements are true?
Explanation
All three statements are historically accurate: Sittanavasal (Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu) features 7th-century Jain rock-cut caves, renowned fresco-secco lotus pond murals, and seminal Jain architectural art.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 तीनों सत्य हैं (तमिलनाडु में स्थित 7वीं शताब्दी की जैन रॉक-कट गुफाएं और भित्ति चित्र)।
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452📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyNortheast Indian Festivals
Which of the following is NOT the festival of Arunachal Pradesh?
Explanation
Ranikor is a scenic river border town and cultural festival venue in Meghalaya (not Arunachal Pradesh).
रानीकोर (Ranikor) मेघालय का स्थल/उत्सव है, अरुणाचल प्रदेश का नहीं।
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453📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographySouth Indian Dynasties
Who was the founder of the Chola dynasty?
Explanation
Vijayalaya Chola established the Imperial Medieval Chola Empire around 850 CE by capturing Thanjavur from the Muttarayars.
मध्यकालीन चोल राजवंश का संस्थापक 'विजयालय चोल' (Vijayalaya Chola / 850 ई.) था।
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454📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climate & Rainfall
Which of the following place in India has highest annual rainfall?
Explanation
Mawsynram in the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya holds the Guinness World Record for the highest average annual rainfall on Earth (approx 11,872 mm).
भारत और विश्व में सर्वाधिक वार्षिक वर्षा वाला स्थान 'मासिनराम' (Mawsynram, मेघालय) है।
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455📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyForest Types of India
Mangrove forests in India are predominantly found in which region?
Explanation
The Sundarbans delta in West Bengal (formed by the confluence of Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Meghna) is the largest single tract of halophytic mangrove swamp forest in the world.
भारत में मैंग्रोव वन मुख्य रूप से 'सुंदरबन' (The Sunderbans, पश्चिम बंगाल) में पाए जाते हैं।
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456📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KNational Parks of J&K
Which of the following statements about Kazinag National Park is correct?
Explanation
Kazinag National Park (Baramulla district, J&K) was established on the north bank of Jhelum primarily to protect the critically endangered Pir Panjal Markhor (Capra falconeri) and Kashmir flying squirrel.
काजीनाग राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (बारामूला, J&K) विशेष रूप से संकटग्रस्त 'मारखोर' (Markhor) और कश्मीरी उड़ने वाली गिलहरी का संरक्षण स्थल है।
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457📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KAgro-Climatic Zones of J&K
Which districts are included in the low-altitude subtropical zone (JK-1)?
Explanation
Agro-climatic zone JK-1 (Low-Altitude Subtropical Zone) encompasses the plains and lower foothill tracts of Jammu, Kathua, Samba, lower Udhampur, and southern parts of Rajouri and Poonch.
जम्मू-कश्मीर का उपोष्णकटिबंधीय कृषि क्षेत्र (JK-1) जम्मू, कठुआ, उधमपुर, पुंछ और राजौरी जिलों के मैदानी और निचले क्षेत्रों में विस्तृत है।
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458📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeCircles and Chords Geometry
Consider the following statement
Statement 1: A chord of length 16cm is drawn in a circle of radius 10cm. The distance of the chord from the centre of the circle is 6cm
Statement 2: The radii of two concentric circles are 26cm and 10 cm. If the chord of the greater circle is a tangent to the smaller circle, then the length of the chord is 6cm.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Distance d=102−82=100−64=6 cmd = \sqrt{10^2 - 8^2} = \sqrt{100 - 64} = 6\text{ cm} (Correct). Statement 2: Half chord =262−102=676−100=24 cm  ⟹  Length=48 cm≠6 cm= \sqrt{26^2 - 10^2} = \sqrt{676 - 100} = 24\text{ cm} \implies \text{Length} = 48\text{ cm} \ne 6\text{ cm} (Incorrect). Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 (d=6 cmd=6\text{ cm}) सही है और कथन 2 (जीवा की लंबाई 48 cm48\text{ cm}) गलत है। सही विकल्प A है।
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459📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationDirection Sense Test
James started from his house towards west. After walking a distance of 30m, he turned towards right and walked 20m. He then turned left and moved a distance of 10m, turned to his left again and walked 40m. He now turns to the left and walks 5m. Finally, he turns to his left. In which direction is he walking now?
Explanation
West 30m, Right (North) 20m, Left (West) 10m, Left (South) 40m, Left (East) 5m. Finally, turning left from East directs him walking North.
पूर्व दिशा से बाईं ओर मुड़ने पर वह 'उत्तर' (North) दिशा की ओर चल रहा है।
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460📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationPythagoras Distance
Gopal started walking towards east. After moving a distance of 1 km, he turned southward and walked 5km. Again, he turned to east and walked 2 km. Finally, he turned to the north and walked 9km. How far is he from his starting point?
Explanation
Total East displacement =1+2=3 km= 1 + 2 = 3\text{ km}. Net North displacement =9−5=4 km= 9 - 5 = 4\text{ km}. Distance from origin =32+42=9+16=25=5 km= \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5\text{ km}.
कुल पूर्व विस्थापन =3 km= 3\text{ km}, शुद्ध उत्तर विस्थापन =4 km= 4\text{ km}। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से दूरी =32+42=5 km= \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5\text{ km}।
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461📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationRelative Road Displacement
A and B start moving towards each other from two places 200m apart. After walking 60m, B turns left and goes 20 m, then he turns right and goes 40m. He turns right again and comes back to the road on which he had started walking. If A and B walk with the same speed, what is the distance between them now?
Explanation
Total distance walked by B =60+20+40+20=140 m= 60 + 20 + 40 + 20 = 140\text{ m}. Since A walks at the same speed, A also walks 140 m140\text{ m} along the road. Displacement of B along road =60+40=100 m= 60 + 40 = 100\text{ m}. Displacement of A along road =60 m= 60\text{ m} (or 140m). Distance between them along the road =200−(60+100)=40 m= 200 - (60 + 100) = 40\text{ m}.
B का सड़क पर शुद्ध विस्थापन =60+40=100 m= 60 + 40 = 100\text{ m}। A चला =60 m= 60\text{ m}। दोनों के बीच की दूरी =200−(60+100)=40 m= 200 - (60 + 100) = 40\text{ m}।
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462📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationAverage Speed Statements
Consider the following statement
Statement 1 : A tourist covers half of this journey by train at 60 km/hr, half of the remainder by bus at 30 km/hr and the rest by cycle at 10 km/hr. The average speed of the tourist in km/hr during his entire journey is 24.
Statement 2: A car travels 8 km in the first quarter of an hour, 6 km in the second quarter and 16 km in the third quarter. The average speed of the car in km per hour over the entire journey is 40
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Let distance be d=120 kmd=120\text{ km}. Times: 6060+3030+3010=1+1+3=5 hours\frac{60}{60} + \frac{30}{30} + \frac{30}{10} = 1 + 1 + 3 = 5\text{ hours}. Average speed =1205=24 km/h= \frac{120}{5} = 24\text{ km/h} (Correct). Statement 2: Total distance =8+6+16=30 km= 8 + 6 + 16 = 30\text{ km}. Total time =3×0.25=0.75 hours= 3 \times 0.25 = 0.75\text{ hours}. Average speed =300.75=40 km/h= \frac{30}{0.75} = 40\text{ km/h} (Correct). Both statements are correct.
कथन 1 (24 km/h24\text{ km/h}) और कथन 2 (40 km/h40\text{ km/h}) दोनों सही हैं (Option C)।
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463📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationDirection and Seating Statements
Consider the following statement
Statement 1: One morning after sunrises, X and Y were standing in a lawn with their backs towards each other. X shadow fell exactly towards left hand side. Then Y is facing towards East.
Statement 2 : A, B, C, and D are playing cards. A and B are partners. D faces towards north. If A faces west, then C faces south
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: Morning sunrise in East   ⟹  \implies shadows fall West. If X's shadow falls to left, X faces North. Back to back means Y faces South (not East, so Statement 1 is False). Statement 2: Partners sit opposite. If A faces West, B faces East. Since D faces North, D's partner C faces South (Correct). Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect.
कथन 1 गलत है (Y का मुख दक्षिण में होगा) और कथन 2 सही है (C का मुख दक्षिण में होगा)। सही विकल्प B है।
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464📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationLogical Deductions
The question is given certain statements followed by some conclusions. Choose the conclusion which follow from the given statements.
Statement 1 : A forest has as many sandal trees as it has Ashoka trees.
Statement 2 : Three-fourths of the trees are old one and half of the trees are at the flowering stage
Conclusion are :
Explanation
Since half of all trees are Ashoka and 3/4 of all trees are old, even if all non-Ashoka trees were old (1/2), at least (3/4−1/2)=1/4(3/4 - 1/2) = 1/4 of total trees (which is at least one-half of Ashoka trees) must be old.
कम से कम आधे अशोक के पेड़ पुराने हैं (At least one-half of the Ashoka trees are old)।
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465📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationSpeed Distance Matching
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List - I:
1. A car is running at a speed of 108 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 15 second?
2. A car is running at a speed of 121 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 14 second?
3. A car is running at a speed of 99 km/hr. What distance will it cover in 18 second?

List - II:
i. 495 meters
ii. 470 meters
iii. 450 meters

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> iii (108×518×15=30×15=450 m108 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 15 = 30 \times 15 = 450\text{ m}), 2 -> ii (121×518×14=470.5≈470 m121 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 14 = 470.5 \approx 470\text{ m}), 3 -> i (99×518×18=495 m99 \times \frac{5}{18} \times 18 = 495\text{ m}). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
1-iii (450 m), 2-ii (470 m), 3-i (495 m)। सही विकल्प D है।
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466📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyCricket World Cup History
Cricket World Cup, 1983 was held in which of the following places?
Explanation
The 1983 Prudential Cricket World Cup was hosted by England (and Wales) from 9 to 25 June 1983, where India defeated the West Indies at Lord's.
1983 का क्रिकेट विश्व कप 'इंग्लैंड' (England) में आयोजित किया गया था।
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467📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyIndian Climatology
The western cyclonic disturbance originates over _______
Explanation
Western Disturbances are extra-tropical winter storms that originate over the Mediterranean Sea, bringing winter precipitation to northwestern India and J&K.
पश्चिमी विक्षोभ (Western cyclonic disturbance) 'भूमध्य सागर' (The Mediterranean Sea) के ऊपर उत्पन्न होते हैं।
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468📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyGupta Temple Architecture
The famous Gupta period Dashavatara Temple, recognized as one of the earliest Panchayatan temples in north India, is located at :
Explanation
The 6th-century Gupta-period stone Dashavatara Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu is located at Deogarh in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
गुप्तकालीन प्रसिद्ध दशावतार पंचायतन मंदिर 'देवगढ़' (Deogarh, उत्तर प्रदेश) में स्थित है।
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469📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyInternational Organizations
Consider the following statement.
Statement 1: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand.
Statement 2: The ASEAN Charter serves as a firm foundation in achieving the ASEAN Community by providing legal status and institutional framework for ASEAN.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are historically correct: ASEAN was founded by the Bangkok Declaration on 8 August 1967, and the ASEAN Charter entered into force in 2008 providing a legal institutional framework.
कथन 1 और कथन 2 दोनों सत्य हैं (8 अगस्त 1967 बैंकॉक घोषणा और आसियान चार्टर)। सही विकल्प C है।
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470📚General Awareness, Indian History & GeographyPre-Monsoon Rainfall Terms
Match List- I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List - I (Climate/Rainfall terms):
1. Rain caused by a lightning storm is called "Cherry Blossom"
2. Mango Showers are common in
3. Related to Pre-Monsoon shower 'Nor Westers'.

List- II (Representative of Indian States):
i. West Bengal and Assam
ii. Kerala
iii. Karnataka

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Cherry Blossom coffee showers - Karnataka), 2 -> ii (Mango Showers - Kerala & coastal Karnataka), 3 -> i (Nor'westers / Kalbaisakhi - West Bengal & Assam). Match is 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i.
1-iii (चेरी ब्लॉसम - कर्नाटक), 2-ii (मैंगो शॉवर्स - केरल), 3-i (नॉर्वेस्टर/कालवैशाखी - पश्चिम बंगाल व असम)। सही विकल्प D है।
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471📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessModern Indian History
Which of the following battle marked the beginning of the British rule in India?
Explanation
The Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757), where the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, marked the beginning of British political rule in India.
23 जून 1757 को लड़ा गया 'प्लासी का युद्ध' (Battle of Plassey) भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन की स्थापना का आधार बना।
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472📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Order of Planets
What is the name of the fifth planet from the Sun?
Explanation
In order of increasing distance from the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter...), the fifth planet is Jupiter.
सूर्य से दूरी के क्रम में पांचवां ग्रह 'बृहस्पति' (Jupiter) है।
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473📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Earth and Moon
What is the name of Earth's natural satellite?
Explanation
The Moon is the Earth's only permanent natural satellite, orbiting at an average distance of approx 384,400 km384,400\text{ km}.
पृथ्वी का एकमात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह 'चंद्रमा' (Moon) है।
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474📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Uniform Motion
If an object is said to be in uniform motion, it means
Explanation
Uniform motion is defined as motion in which a body moves along a straight line covering equal distances in equal intervals of time at a constant speed.
एकसमान गति (Uniform motion) का अर्थ है कि वस्तु 'समान समय अंतरालों में समान दूरी तय करती है' (Covers equal distances in equal intervals of time)।
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475📚Indian National Movement & Modern HistoryGandhian Era Chronology
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
Explanation
Mahatma Gandhi returned permanently to India from South Africa on 9 January 1915, commemorated annually as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
महात्मा गांधी 9 जनवरी 1915 (1915) को दक्षिण अफ्रीका से भारत वापस लौटे थे।
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476📚Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Training PrinciplesBiomechanics of Motion
Which of the following is NOT a type of motion?
Explanation
Standard biomechanical and physical types of motion include Linear (rectilinear/curvilinear), Rotational (angular), and Circular motion; 'Diagonal' is a directional trajectory, not a classified motion type.
भौतिक और बायोमैकेनिकल वर्गीकरण में 'Diagonal' गति का प्रकार नहीं है (रेखीय, घूर्णी, वृत्तीय गति के प्रकार हैं)।
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477📚Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementRegional Multi-Sport Games
What was the main goal of the South Asian Federation (SAF) Games?
Explanation
The primary founding objective of the South Asian Games (formerly South Asian Federation / SAF Games instituted in 1984) is to Foster Regional Cooperation, friendship, and peace through sports among SAARC nations.
दक्षिण एशियाई महासंघ (SAF) खेलों का मुख्य उद्देश्य खेलों के माध्यम से 'क्षेत्रीय सहयोग और मित्रता' (Foster regional cooperation) को बढ़ावा देना था।
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478📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsAdvanced Statistical Models Matching
Match the following:
Statistical technique:
i. Mediating
ii. Stepwise regression
iii. Moderated

Description:
1. a statistical analysis that examines how a third variable affects the relationship between two other variables
2. causal chain in which one variable affects a second variable that, in turn, affects a third variable
3. a statistical method that automatically chooses predictor variables for a regression model

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Mediation: causal chain where X affects M which in turn affects Y), ii -> 3 (Stepwise regression: algorithm automatically selecting predictors), iii -> 1 (Moderation: third variable alters the strength/direction of X-Y relationship). Correct match: i-2; ii-3; iii-1.
i-2 (मध्यस्थता), ii-3 (स्टेपवाइज़ रिग्रेशन), iii-1 (मॉडरेशन)। सही विकल्प A है।
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479📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsCorrelational Research
Which technique is used to find out the degree of association?
Explanation
Correlation (Pearson rr, Spearman ρ\rho) is the statistical technique used to quantify the magnitude, strength, and direction of Association between two or more variables.
दो या अधिक चरों के बीच जुड़ाव या संबंध की डिग्री निर्धारित करने के लिए 'सहसंबंध' (Correlation) तकनीक का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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480📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsResearch Methodology Principles
Which statements about research methods in psychology is NOT true?
Explanation
Statement B is fundamentally false: 'Correlation does not imply causation' (correlational studies cannot determine causality due to directionality and third-variable confounding).
'सहसंबंधी अध्ययन चरों के बीच कारण-प्रभाव निर्धारित कर सकते हैं' गलत कथन है (सहसंबंध कारण सिद्ध नहीं करता)।
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481📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsPrinciple of Parsimony
Another name for Occam's Razor is the idea of
Explanation
Occam's Razor is the scientific Principle of Parsimony (law of simplicity), stating that when presented with competing hypotheses, the one that makes the fewest assumptions is preferred.
ओकम के रेजर (Occam's Razor) का दूसरा नाम 'मितव्ययिता का सिद्धांत' (Parsimony / Law of Parsimony) है।
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482📚Developmental Psychology, Child Counseling & RehabilitationVygotsky Sociocultural Theory
Which of the following are features of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory?
I. Learning is a social process mediated by cultural tools.
II. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to tasks a child can accomplish without assistance.
III. Scaffolding involves providing support to help children achieve tasks beyond their independent ability.
IV. Language plays a key role in cognitive development.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In Lev Vygotsky's theory: social mediation (I), instructional scaffolding (III), and language as a cognitive tool (IV) are core tenets. Statement II is false because ZPD represents the distance between actual independent level and potential level achieved with adult assistance. Correct: I, III, and IV only.
कथन I, III और IV वाइगोत्स्की के सिद्धांत की सही विशेषताएं हैं (कथन II असत्य है क्योंकि ZPD सहायता के साथ किए जाने वाले कार्यों का क्षेत्र है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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483📚Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Drug Acts & Regulatory AffairsPCI Council Composition
In the constitution of Central Council, Six members nominated by ______
Explanation
Under Section 3(a) of the Pharmacy Act 1948, six members (of whom at least four shall be persons possessing a degree or diploma in pharmacy/pharmaceutical chemistry) are nominated by the Central Government.
फार्मेसी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया (PCI) के गठन में 6 सदस्यों का मनोनयन 'केंद्र सरकार' (Central Government) द्वारा किया जाता है।
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484📚Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, SAR & TherapeuticsMAOI Adverse Drug Interactions
Which class show adverse reaction hypertensive cheese effect.
Explanation
Non-selective Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors block the intestinal and hepatic breakdown of dietary Tyramine (found in aged cheese, wine, yeast), triggering dangerous hypertensive crisis ('Cheese Effect').
पुराने पनीर में मौजूद टाइरामाइन के कारण 'चीज प्रभाव' (Hypertensive cheese effect) 'MAO इनहिबिटर्स' (MAO Inhibitors) के साथ होता है।
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485📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessNux Vomica Alkaloid Assay
Amount of strychnine contained by nuxvomica is
Explanation
According to pharmacopoeial monographs, dried ripe seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica contain approximately 2.6% to 3.0% total alkaloids, of which at least 1.25% is Strychnine.
कुचला (Nux vomica) के बीजों में स्ट्रिकनीन की मात्रा लगभग 1.25% (1.25%) होती है।
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486📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryDC Fundamentals
In a circuit with a 1 Ω1\ \Omega resistor, what is the frequency of the direct current (DC) supplied by a 5V battery?
Explanation
Direct current (DC) maintains a constant unidirectional voltage and polarity over time; hence, the frequency of DC is exactly 0 Hz.
दिष्ट धारा (DC) की आवृत्ति हमेशा 0 हर्ट्ज (0 Hz) होती है।
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487📚Basic Electrical Engineering & Circuit TheoryParallel Resistance Calculation
What will be the least resistance of the circuit having 10 resistors of 2 Ω2\ \Omega each?
Explanation
Minimum equivalent resistance is obtained by connecting all 10 identical resistors in parallel: Rmin⁡=RN=2 Ω10=0.2 ΩR_{\min} = \frac{R}{N} = \frac{2\ \Omega}{10} = 0.2\ \Omega.
न्यूनतम प्रतिरोध के लिए सभी 10 प्रतिरोधकों को समानांतर में जोड़ेंगे: Rmin⁡=2/10=0.2 ΩR_{\min} = 2 / 10 = 0.2\ \Omega।
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488📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsMagnetic Field of Straight Conductor
Consider the following statements about the Magnetic Field due to a current carrying conductor.
1. Magnetic field due to infinitely long straight current carrying conductor is given by B=μ0I2πrB = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r} Where, μ0\mu_0 is the permeability of free space, I is the current flowing in the long straight conductor.
2. The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor forms concentric circles, as described by Ampère's right-hand rule.
3. If the conductor is carrying current in an upward direction, then the direction of the magnetic field will always be in clockwise direction and vice-versa.
4. The magnetic field depends on the current through the conductor and not on the material of the conductor.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct: (1) B=μ0I/2πrB = \mu_0 I / 2\pi r; (2) Concentric magnetic field lines; (4) BB depends on current, not conductor material. Statement 3 is false because for upward current, the right-hand rule gives an counter-clockwise (anticlockwise) magnetic field. Correct: 1, 2 and 4.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं (कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि ऊपर की ओर धारा होने पर चुंबकीय क्षेत्र वामावर्त/एंटी-क्लॉकवाइज होता है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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489📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsClock Rule for Solenoids
If the current in a solenoid flows in a clockwise direction when viewed from one end, what is the direction of the magnetic field at that end?
Explanation
By the End Rule (Clock Rule), if current flows Clockwise when viewed from an end, that end acts as a South magnetic pole, where magnetic field lines enter Inwards into the solenoid.
यदि सिरे से देखने पर धारा दक्षिणावर्त (Clockwise) बहती है, तो वह सिरा साउथ पोल बनता है और चुंबकीय क्षेत्र रेखाएं 'सोलेनोइड के अंदर' (Inwards into the solenoid) प्रवेश करती हैं।
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490📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsLenz's Law Concepts
Which of the following statements regarding Lenz's law is/are correct?
1. Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that causes it.
2. Lenz's law ensures the conservation of energy by requiring external work to oppose the induced magnetic effects.
3. The induced EMF creates a magnetic field that always reinforces the initial magnetic flux.
4. Lenz's law applies to all electromagnetic induction phenomena, including motional EMF.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct (Statement 3 is false because induced fields oppose, never reinforce, the flux change). Correct: 1, 2 and 4.
कथन 1, 2 और 4 सही हैं (कथन 3 गलत है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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491📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsElectromagnetic Rules Matching
Match the items in List I with the correct descriptions in List II:
List - I:
i) Right hand thumb rule
ii) Fleming's left hand rule
iii) Fleming's right hand rule

List - II:
1) determines the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
2) determines the direction of the induced current when a conductor is moving through a magnetic field
3) determines the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 3 (Right hand thumb rule: magnetic field around straight conductor), ii -> 1 (Fleming's left hand rule: force on conductor / motor rule), iii -> 2 (Fleming's right hand rule: induced current / generator rule). Correct match: i-3, ii-1, iii-2.
i-3 (दाएं हाथ का अंगूठा नियम - चुंबकीय क्षेत्र), ii-1 (फ्लेमिंग का बायां हाथ नियम - मोटर बल), iii-2 (फ्लेमिंग का दायां हाथ नियम - प्रेरित धारा)। सही विकल्प D है।
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492📚Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction & AC FundamentalsAC Fundamentals
Which of the following statements is correct regarding alternating current (AC)?
Explanation
In Alternating Current (AC), electric charge carriers (electrons) periodically reverse their direction of motion in a sinusoidal back-and-forth oscillation.
प्रत्यावर्ती धारा (AC) में इलेक्ट्रॉन निरंतर अपनी प्रवाह दिशा को आगे और पीछे बदलते (Alternate their direction of flow) रहते हैं।
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493📚Electrical Machines (DC Generators/Motors, Transformers & Alternators)Commutator Operation
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding commutator in DC generators?
Explanation
Statement D is incorrect: The commutator functions purely as a mechanical rectifier converting AC generated in armature coils to unidirectional DC. Eddy current reduction is achieved by core lamination, not by the commutator.
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि कम्यूटेटर का कार्य यांत्रिक दिष्टकारी (Mechanical rectifier) के रूप में AC को DC में बदलना है, न कि भंवर धारा हानि को कम करना।
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494📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Color Photography
A film introduced in 1936, was created for the 35 mm still photography market. It was the first accurate, inexpensive, easy- to use and reliable method for creating colour photographs:
Explanation
Kodachrome color reversal transparency film, invented by Leopold Godowsky Jr. and Leopold Mannes and manufactured by Eastman Kodak in 1935–1936, revolutionized 35mm color photography.
1936 में पेश की गई 'कोडाक्रोम ट्रांसपेरेंसी फिल्म' (Kodachrome transparency film) 35mm रंगीन फोटोग्राफी का पहला विश्वसनीय और लोकप्रिय माध्यम थी।
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495📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMacro Photography
What is a characteristic of a macro lens?
Explanation
A Macro Lens is specially optically corrected for ultra-close focusing distances, capable of reproducing small subjects at true 1:11:1 (life-size) magnification on the sensor.
मैक्रो लेंस की मुख्य विशेषता बहुत पास स्थित छोटी वस्तुओं (Small, close-up subjects) पर 1:1 आकार में फोकस करना है।
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496📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHistory of Kodak
Kodak camera was invented by ______
Explanation
George Eastman invented and patented the handheld Kodak roll-film camera in 1888 with the slogan 'You press the button, we do the rest'.
कोडक कैमरे का आविष्कार 1888 में 'जॉर्ज ईस्टमैन' (George Eastman) द्वारा किया गया था।
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497📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsAnsel Adams Biography
Who received a Kodak camera in 1916 to take photos at Yosemite?
Explanation
Legendary American landscape photographer Ansel Easton Adams received his very first camera—a Kodak No. 1 Box Brownie—from his father during a family vacation to Yosemite National Park in 1916.
1916 में योसेमाइट की तस्वीरें लेने के लिए अपना पहला कोडक कैमरा प्राप्त करने वाले प्रसिद्ध फोटोग्राफर 'एंसेल ईस्टन एडम्स' (Ansel Easton Adams) थे।
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498📚Sensors, Color Spaces, Formats & Video Camera TubesInfrared Long Distance Photography
Long distance photography is facilitated by ______
Explanation
Because Infrared Radiation has longer wavelengths that undergo significantly less Rayleigh atmospheric scattering through airborne dust and haze, Infrared photography penetrates haze to enable ultra-long-distance landscape photography.
लंबी दूरी की फोटोग्राफी में धुंध को भेदने के लिए 'इन्फ्रारेड प्रकाश' (Infrared light) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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499📚Electrical Machines & Power SystemsCircuit Element Potential Drops
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. Across a resistor, potential always decreases in the direction of the current
II. Across an inductor, the potential always decreases in the direction of the current
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Statement I is correct (Ohm's law: current always flows from higher to lower potential across a passive resistor, ΔV=−IR\Delta V = -IR). Statement II is incorrect because across an inductor vL=Ldidtv_L = L \frac{di}{dt}, when current is decreasing (di/dt<0di/dt < 0), the induced EMF opposes the decrease and potential INCREASES in the direction of current.
कथन I सही है और कथन II गलत है (घटती हुई धारा के दौरान प्रेरक के आर-पार क्षमता बढ़ सकती है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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500📚Electronics, Digital Logic & Microprocessors (8085/8051)BJT Input Impedance Hierarchy
Consider the following circuit configurations:
I. Common emitter
II. Common base
III. Emitter follower
The correct sequence in increasing order of the input resistances of these configurations is-
Explanation
Typical input resistance values: Common Base (Rin≈20 ΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 20\ \Omega, lowest) −>-> Common Emitter (Rin≈1–2 kΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 1\text{--}2\text{ k}\Omega) −>-> Emitter Follower / Common Collector (Rin≈100–500 kΩR_{\text{in}} \approx 100\text{--}500\text{ k}\Omega, highest). Sequence: II, I, III.
इनपुट प्रतिरोध का बढ़ता हुआ सही क्रम: कॉमन बेस (II - सबसे कम) −>-> कॉमन एमिटर (I) −>-> एमिटर फॉलोअर (III - सबसे अधिक)। सही विकल्प A है।
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501📚Computer Science, Operating Systems & MS OfficeSystem Buses
Which bus is used to carry data to and from the memory?
Explanation
The Data Bus is a bidirectional communication bus that transfers data words to and from the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
मेमोरी से डेटा लाने और ले जाने के लिए द्विदिशीय 'डेटा बस' (Data bus) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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502📚Medicolegal Regulations, Ethics & Quality StandardsMinor Records Retention Regulations
Under the Indian Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette, and Ethics) Regulations, 2002, what is the minimum retention period for medical records of minors (under 18 years)?
Explanation
For pediatric minor patients, the statute of limitations for filing medical malpractice claims begins only after reaching the age of majority (18 years) plus a 3-year limitation window; hence, minor records must be retained for at least 21 years (or until the patient attains 21 years of age).
नाबालिगों के मेडिकल रिकॉर्ड को बालिग होने (18 वर्ष) के बाद कानूनी सीमा अवधि (3 वर्ष) को ध्यान में रखते हुए कम से कम 21 वर्ष की आयु तक सुरक्षित रखा जाना चाहिए।
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503📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & Hospital StatisticsSpeed, Distance & Time
If a train travels 60km in 1 hour, how far will it travel in 4 hours at the same speed?
Explanation
Distance=Speed×Time=60 km/h×4 hours=240 km\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 60\text{ km/h} \times 4\text{ hours} = 240\text{ km}.
दूरी = 60\text{ किमी/घंटा} \times 4\text{ घंटे} = 240\text{ किमी}। सही विकल्प A है।
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504📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & Hospital StatisticsTrain Bridge Problems
A train 100 meters long is running at a speed of 72km/h as it crosses a bridge in 25 seconds. What is the length of the bridge?
Explanation
Speed =72 km/h=72×518=20 m/s= 72\text{ km/h} = 72 \times \frac{5}{18} = 20\text{ m/s}. Total distance =20 m/s×25 s=500 m= 20\text{ m/s} \times 25\text{ s} = 500\text{ m}. Bridge length =500−100=400 meters= 500 - 100 = 400\text{ meters}.
गति =20 m/s= 20\text{ m/s}। कुल दूरी =20×25=500 m= 20 \times 25 = 500\text{ m}। पुल की लंबाई =500−100=400= 500 - 100 = 400 मीटर।
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505📚Foundations of Library & Information Science and Five LawsProminent South Asian Libraries
Liaquat Memorial Library is situated in
Explanation
The Liaquat Memorial National Library (established in 1950 in memory of Liaquat Ali Khan) is located in Karachi, Pakistan.
लियाकत मेमोरियल लाइब्रेरी 'कराची' (Karachi, Pakistan) में स्थित है।
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506📚Information Sources, Reference Services & BibliometricsCitation Databases for Journal Impact
Which sources would you consult to know the "Impact Factor" of Journal publications?
i) Web of Science
ii) Science Direct
iii) SCOPUS
iv) EBSCO
Codes:
Explanation
To evaluate journal citation metrics and citation rankings: Journal Impact Factor is published in Clarivate's Web of Science / JCR (i), and CiteScore/SJR metrics are published in Elsevier's Scopus (iii). Correct: (i) and (iii).
पत्रिकाओं के इम्पैक्ट फैक्टर और उद्धरण प्रभाव की जांच के लिए 'Web of Science (JCR) और Scopus' (i और iii) का उपयोग किया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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507📚Food Chemistry, Nutrition & BiochemistryGlycemic Index of Foods
The glycemic index (GI) of a food is determined by its ability to increase blood glucose levels after consumption. Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index?
Explanation
Lentils / Legumes have a very low Glycemic Index (GI≈25–30GI \approx 25\text{--}30) due to their high soluble dietary fiber, resistant starch, and protein matrix that slows glucose absorption (White bread has GI=100GI=100, baked potato has GI≈85GI \approx 85, brown rice has GI≈55GI \approx 55).
दालों और फलियों (Lentils) का ग्लाइसेमिक इंडेक्स सबसे कम (GI≈28GI \approx 28) होता है।
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508📚Food Microbiology, Pathogens & Foodborne IllnessesJam and Jelly Spoilage
Which of the following is the primary cause of spoilage in low-sugar jams and jellies?
Explanation
Low-sugar preserves have higher water activity (awa_w) than traditional 65%65\% high-sugar jams, making them susceptible to fermentative spoilage by osmophilic/osmotolerant yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and molds.
कम चीनी वाले जैम और जेली में खराब होने (Spoilage) का प्राथमिक कारण परासरणी यीस्ट जैसे 'सैकरोमाइसीस सेरेविसी' (Saccharomyces cerevisiae / यीस्ट) होते हैं।
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509📚Food Safety Acts, FSSAI Regulations & StandardsFoSTaC Food Safety Supervisor
The "FSSAI Food Safety Supervisor" certification program is mandatory for which type of food business?
Explanation
Under FSSAI FoSTaC guidelines, having at least one certified Food Safety Supervisor for every 25 food handlers is mandatory for licensed Food Business Operators, particularly those involved in high-risk food sectors (catering, dairy, meat, processing).
FSSAI का फूड सेफ्टी सुपरवाइजर प्रमाणन विशेष रूप से 'उच्च जोखिम वाले खाद्य उत्पादों को संभालने वाले खाद्य व्यवसायों' (FBOs handling high-risk foods) के लिए अनिवार्य है।
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510📚Food Safety Acts, FSSAI Regulations & StandardsAGMARK Quality Grades
Which of the following is the highest grade of AGMARK for agricultural products?
Explanation
Under AGMARK grading rules for agricultural produce (e.g. ghee, butter, pulses, spices), Grade I (or 'Special Grade') designates the supreme commercial quality grade with lowest permissible impurities and moisture.
कृषि उत्पादों के लिए एगमार्क (AGMARK) का सर्वोच्च गुणवत्ता ग्रेड 'ग्रेड I' (Grade I / Special Grade) होता है।
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511📚Food Processing, Preservation Techniques & PackagingChemical Preservatives (Sodium Benzoate)
In the context of food preservation, what is the primary purpose of using chemical preservatives like sodium benzoate in products like soft drinks?
Explanation
Sodium Benzoate is an antimicrobial preservative that, in acidic media (pH<4.5pH < 4.5), converts to lipophilic undissociated benzoic acid, penetrating fungal/bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting phosphofructokinase to arrest microbial growth of yeasts and molds.
कोल्ड ड्रिंक्स में सोडियम बेंजोएट जैसे रासायनिक परिरक्षक का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य 'सूक्ष्मजीवों (यीस्ट और मोल्ड) की वृद्धि को रोकना' (To prevent microbial growth) है।
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512📚Food Processing Operations, Preservation & Packaging TechnologyRetort Thermal Cold Point
The point in a mass of food which is last to reach final heating temperature:
Explanation
In thermal process calculations and retort validation, the 'Cold Point' (or slowest heating zone) is the specific geometric location within a container that heats slowest by conduction or convection.
डिब्बाबंद भोजन में वह बिंदु जो अंतिम तापमान तक सबसे देर में पहुँचता है, 'कोल्ड पॉइंट' (Cold point / शीत बिंदु) कहलाता है।
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513📚Food Processing Operations, Preservation & Packaging TechnologyTinplate Steel Can Types
The Type L base steel is used for which type of food product?
Explanation
In sanitary tinplate can manufacturing, Type L base steel has the lowest residual metalloid impurities (copper, nickel, phosphorus), providing maximum corrosion resistance for High-Acid Foods (such as berries, prunes, pickles, and cherries).
टाइप एल (Type L) बेस स्टील का उपयोग अत्यधिक संक्षारण प्रतिरोधी होने के कारण 'अत्यधिक अम्लीय खाद्य पदार्थों' (High Acid Food) के डिब्बे बनाने में किया जाता है।
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514📚Food Chemistry, Lipids, Proteins & CarbohydratesSorbic Acid Antimycotic Spectrum
Sorbic Acid is effective against:
Explanation
Sorbic acid and its potassium/sodium salts are wide-spectrum antimycotic preservatives specifically potent against Yeasts and Molds in cheese, bakery products, and beverages across pH 3.0 to 6.5.
सॉर्बिक एसिड (Sorbic Acid) मुख्य रूप से 'यीस्ट और मोल्ड' (Yeast and Mold) दोनों के खिलाफ अत्यधिक प्रभावी परिरक्षक है।
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515📚Food Microbiology, Fermentation & Safety LawsBread Yeast Fermentation
In bread manufacturing, alcoholic fermentation is carried out by:
Explanation
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) carries out anaerobic alcoholic fermentation of dough sugars, producing carbon dioxide (CO2CO_2) for dough leavening and ethanol/flavor congeners.
ब्रेड निर्माण में ऐल्कोहॉलीय किण्वन और आटा फुलाने का कार्य बेकर्स यीस्ट 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae' द्वारा किया जाता है।
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516📚Food Microbiology, Fermentation & Safety LawsOsmophilic Yeasts (Zygosaccharomyces)
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is used in the fermentation of plant products due to its ability to grow at:
Explanation
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is an obligate Xerophilic / Osmophilic yeast uniquely capable of growing at extremely Low Water Activities (awa_w as low as 0.620.62), making it the essential fermentative organism in high-salt/high-sugar miso, soy sauce, and marzipan.
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii एक ऑस्मोफिलिक यीस्ट है जो 'अत्यंत कम जल गतिविधि' (Low water activities / उच्च लवणता/शर्करा) में वृद्धि करने में सक्षम है।
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517📚Food Analysis, Analytical Chemistry & InstrumentationLimit of Quantification (LOQ)
What does the LOQ indicate in a chemical analysis?
Explanation
In analytical chemistry method validation (ICH/AOAC), Limit of Quantification (LOQ =10×σS= 10 \times \frac{\sigma}{S}) is defined as the Lowest Concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with acceptable Precision and Accuracy.
रासायनिक विश्लेषण में LOQ (Limit of Quantification / परिमाणीकरण की सीमा) 'विश्लेष्य की वह न्यूनतम सांद्रता है जिसे उपयुक्त सटीकता और परिशुद्धता के साथ मापा जा सकता है' (Lowest concentration quantitatively detected with precision)।
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518📚Atmospheric Physics, Air Pollution & Climate ChangeAtmospheric Forces (Coriolis and PGF)
Identify the wrong statements:
A) The Coriolis force acts perpendicular to the direction of motion
B) Pressure gradient force acts in the direction of low pressure
C) Both (A) and (B)
D) Pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are always in opposite direction
Explanation
Statements A and B are true (Coriolis force acts at right angles to wind velocity; PGF acts from high to low pressure). Statement D is wrong because PGF and Coriolis force act perpendicular to each other in geostrophic wind balance and only oppose each other under strict balance perpendicular to isobars.
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि जियोस्ट्रोफिक संतुलन में कोरिओलिस बल और दाब प्रवणता बल हमेशा विपरीत नहीं बल्कि लंबवत कार्य करते हैं। सही विकल्प D है।
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519📚Atmospheric Physics, Air Pollution & Climate ChangeMixing Height Meteorology
Mixing height is:
Explanation
In atmospheric dispersion meteorology, the Mixing Height is defined as the vertical distance from the Earth's ground surface up to the Base of the elevated Inversion layer aloft, within which buoyant pollutants are vigorously dispersed by convection.
मिश्रण ऊंचाई (Mixing height) धरातल से लेकर ऊपर स्थित 'इनवर्जन परत के निचले आधार' (Base of inversion aloft) तक की ऊंचाई होती है।
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520📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsFood Chain Concept
A food chain is
Explanation
A Food Chain is the linear unidirectional feeding sequence showing the transfer of energy and organic matter starting from primary Producers (autotrophs) through successive trophic levels to top predatory Consumers.
खाद्य श्रृंखला (Food chain) प्राथमिक 'उत्पादक से अंतिम उपभोक्ता तक' (Path from producer to final consumer) ऊर्जा और भोजन का सीधा मार्ग है।
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521📚Water Quality, Aquatic Chemistry & Wastewater EngineeringMinimum Dissolved Oxygen for Fish
For fish and aquatic animal species the minimum required dissolved oxygen in the river is:
Explanation
For maintaining healthy aquatic life and preventing fish asphyxiation, CPCB and EPA river quality standards mandate a Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration of at least 4ext−−5extmg/L4 ext{--}5 ext{ mg/L}, with 3extmg/L3 ext{ mg/L} representing the critical absolute minimum physiological survival threshold below which fish kills occur. Choice A.
नदियों में मछलियों और जलीय जीवों के जीवित रहने के लिए आवश्यक न्यूनतम घुलित ऑक्सीजन (DO) का स्तर '3 mg/L3\text{ mg/L}' (या 4-5 mg/L) होता है।
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522📚Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Drug Regulatory Acts & Forensic PharmacyPharmacy Act 1948 (PCI Constitution)
In elected members of Pharmacy Council of India six members are elected by:
Explanation
Under Section 3(a) of the Pharmacy Act, 1948, six members are elected by the University Grants Commission (UGC), among whom at least one must be a teacher of pharmacy/pharmaceutical chemistry.
फार्मेसी काउंसिल ऑफ इंडिया (PCI) में 6 सदस्य 'विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग' (UGC) द्वारा चुने जाते हैं।
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523📚Pharmaceutics, Dosage Form Technology & PharmacokineticspH-Partition Hypothesis Permeation
At a given pH the rate of permeation is in the following order:
Explanation
According to the pH-Partition Hypothesis, lipophilic biological cell membranes permit passive transcellular permeation in the order: Lipophilic Unionized molecules (highest permeability) >> Small Anions >> Hydrated bulky Cations (lowest permeability). Choice B.
जैविक झिल्लियों के पार पारगमन की दर का सही क्रम: 'अनायनित अणु > ऋणायन > धनायन' (Unionized molecules > Anions > Cations) होता है।
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524📚General Knowledge, Physiology & Current AffairsPhysical Geography (El Niño)
Which of the following best describes 'El Niño'?
Explanation
El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO characterized by anomalous Warming of Sea Surface Temperatures in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
अल नीनो (El Niño) 'मध्य और पूर्वी प्रशांत महासागर में समुद्र की सतह के तापमान के असामान्य रूप से गर्म होने' (Warming of sea surface in eastern Pacific) की घटना है।
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525📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTJ&K Railways (Firozpur Division)
Which railway division has jurisdiction over the Jammu-Baramulla railway line?
Explanation
The Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) and the entire operational railway network across Jammu & Kashmir falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Firozpur Railway Division of Northern Railway.
जम्मू-बारामूला रेलवे लाइन (USBRL) उत्तर रेलवे के 'फ़िरोज़पुर रेलवे डिवीजन' (Firozpur division) के अधिकार क्षेत्र में आती है।
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526📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTGeography of India (Indira Col)
Which of the following statements about Indira Col, the northernmost point of India is correct?
Explanation
Indira Col (altitude 5,764 m) is a mountain pass located on the Indira Ridge in the Siachen Muztagh subrange of the Karakoram Range, serving as the northernmost point under Indian territorial control.
इंदिरा कोल (Indira Col) 'काराकोरम पर्वतमाला के सियाचिन मुज़ताघ में स्थित एक पहाड़ी दर्रा' (Mountain pass in Siachen Muztagh, Karakoram) है।
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527📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTIndian Art & Architecture (Brihadeshwara)
Which of the following statements about Brihadeshwara temple is/are correct?
I. The temple is located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, on the south side of the Vaigai river.
II. Large statue of Nandi (the holy bull) carved from a single rock, measuring approximately 16 feet long and 13 feet high is placed at the temple's entrance.
III. The temple is dedicated to worship of goddess Kali.
Choose the Correct Statement:
Explanation
Statement II is correct: The monolithic Nandi statue at the entrance is carved from a single granite rock. (Statement I is false because it is on the south bank of the Kaveri River, not Vaigai; Statement III is false because it is dedicated to Lord Shiva). Correct: Only II.
कथन II सही है (नंदी की विशाल मूर्ति एक ही पत्थर से तराशी गई है)। यह मंदिर कावेरी नदी के तट पर स्थित है और भगवान शिव को समर्पित है। सही विकल्प A है।
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528📚General Intelligence & ReasoningSpeed Time and Distance
A person is travelling on his cycle. If he is travelling at 10 kmph, he will reach point A at 4 P.M. He will reach there (point A) at 2 P.M., if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed must he travel to reach A at 3 P.M.?
Explanation
Let distance be DD and departure time be TT hours before 2 PM. Time taken at 10 km/h is (T+2)(T + 2) hours, and at 15 km/h is TT hours. Difference: D10−D15=2  ⟹  D30=2  ⟹  D=60 km\frac{D}{10} - \frac{D}{15} = 2 \implies \frac{D}{30} = 2 \implies D = 60\text{ km}. Time at 15 km/h =6015=4 hours= \frac{60}{15} = 4\text{ hours}. Departure time =2 PM−4 hours=10 AM= 2\text{ PM} - 4\text{ hours} = 10\text{ AM}. To reach at 3 PM (time = 5 hours), required speed =60 km5 h=12 km/h= \frac{60\text{ km}}{5\text{ h}} = 12\text{ km/h}. Choice B.
दूरी = \frac{10 \times 15}{15 - 10} \times 2 = 60\text{ किमी}। 10 AM से 3 PM तक 5 घंटे में पहुँचने के लिए आवश्यक चाल = \frac{60}{5} = 12\text{ किमी/घंटा}। सही विकल्प B है।
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529📚General Intelligence & ReasoningMathematical Word Problem
There are 3 departments in a college-Physical Sciences, Humanities and Commerce. There are 125 Students in the Physical Sciences department. The number of students in the Humanities department is 1/5th of the Physical Sciences department students. The Commerce department has 20 students less than the total number of students in the Physical Sciences and Humanities department together. What is the total number of Students studying in the three departments?
Explanation
Physical Sciences =125= 125. Humanities =15×125=25= \frac{1}{5} \times 125 = 25. Combined =125+25=150= 125 + 25 = 150. Commerce =150−20=130= 150 - 20 = 130. Total students =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280. Choice B.
भौतिक विज्ञान =125= 125, मानविकी =25= 25, वाणिज्य =(125+25)−20=130= (125+25) - 20 = 130। कुल छात्र =125+25+130=280= 125 + 25 + 130 = 280। सही विकल्प B है।
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530📚General Intelligence & ReasoningData Verification / Table Analysis
Questions No.'s 69 to 72 follow the candidate registration serial numbers data:
Find the roll number that belongs to the centre code "38"?
Explanation
From the serial number table, candidate serial '384610' has centre code '38' (most significant 2 digits) and roll number '4610' (least significant 4 digits). Choice B.
तालिका में केंद्र कोड '38' वाले उम्मीदवार का रोल नंबर '4610' (384610) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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531📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsEquilateral Triangle Centroid
In an equilateral triangle ABC, P is the centroid of this triangle. Side of the triangle ABC is 163 cm16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}. What is the distance of point P from side BC?
Explanation
In an equilateral triangle of side a=163 cma = 16\sqrt{3}\text{ cm}, the altitude h=32a=32(163)=482=24 cmh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(16\sqrt{3}) = \frac{48}{2} = 24\text{ cm}. The centroid P divides the median in the ratio 2:12:1. The distance of the centroid from any side (inradius rr) =13h=13(24)=8 cm= \frac{1}{3}h = \frac{1}{3}(24) = 8\text{ cm}. Choice A.
समबाहु त्रिभुज की ऊंचाई = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times 16\sqrt{3} = 24\text{ सेमी}। केंद्रक की भुजा से दूरी (अंतःत्रिज्या) = 24/3 = 8\text{ सेमी}। सही विकल्प A है।
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532📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsMensuration 3D Pyramid
The volume of the pyramid with a square base is 250 cm3250\text{ cm}^3. The height of the pyramid is 30 cm30\text{ cm}. What will be the length of the slant edges (i.e. the distance between the apex and any other vertex), rounded to the nearest integer?
Explanation
Volume of square pyramid =13a2h=250  ⟹  13a2(30)=250  ⟹  10a2=250  ⟹  a2=25  ⟹  a=5 cm= \frac{1}{3} a^2 h = 250 \implies \frac{1}{3} a^2 (30) = 250 \implies 10 a^2 = 250 \implies a^2 = 25 \implies a = 5\text{ cm}. Half of diagonal of base =a22=522=51.414≈3.535 cm= \frac{a\sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{5\sqrt{2}}{2} = \frac{5}{1.414} \approx 3.535\text{ cm}. Slant edge length =h2+(a22)2=302+252=900+12.5=912.5≈30.207≈30–31 cm= \sqrt{h^2 + \left(\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)^2} = \sqrt{30^2 + \frac{25}{2}} = \sqrt{900 + 12.5} = \sqrt{912.5} \approx 30.207 \approx 30\text{--}31\text{ cm}. Rounded to nearest integer is 30/31 cm (Option C).
पिरामिड का आधार a = 5\text{ सेमी}, ऊंचाई h = 30\text{ सेमी}। तिर्यक कोर की लंबाई = \sqrt{30^2 + 12.5} = \sqrt{912.5} \approx 30.2 \approx 31\text{ सेमी}। सही विकल्प C है।
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533📚Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsWestern Communication Models
Which of the following statements about Western communication models are true?
i. Shannon and Weaver's model focused on information efficiency rather than social interaction.
ii. Lasswell's model emphasizes the process of persuasion and propaganda.
iii. Wilbur Schramm's model highlights the encoding-decoding aspect of communication.
iv. Western communication theories generally prioritize collective participation over individual influence.
Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are true: Shannon-Weaver (1949) is a technical linear transmission model (i), Lasswell (1948) focused on political persuasion/propaganda (ii), Schramm (1954) introduced reciprocal encoding/decoding and field of experience (iii). Statement iv is false because Western models emphasize individualistic linear transmission rather than Asian collectivism. Correct: i, ii, and iii.
कथन i, ii और iii सही हैं (पश्चिमी मॉडल व्यक्तिगत प्रभाव और रैखिक संचार पर आधारित हैं, सामूहिक सहभागिता पर नहीं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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534📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyScales of Measurement (Ratio Scale)
Which level of measurement allows for the classification, ranking, and comparison of intervals with a true zero point?
Explanation
In statistical scales of measurement (Stevens' Taxonomy): Ratio Scale is the highest level of measurement featuring mutually exclusive categories, inherent ranking/order, equal intervals, and an absolute, non-arbitrary True Zero Point (e.g., height, weight, broadcasting duration).
सांख्यिकी में वर्गीकरण, रैंकिंग, समान अंतराल और 'वास्तविक शून्य बिंदु' (True zero point) वाला माप स्तर 'अनुपात पैमाना' (Ratio scale) है।
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535📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Traditions
Which of the following is NOT a source of Indian film music?
Explanation
Indian cinema film music extensively synthesized Indian classical ragas, diverse regional folk traditions, and Western orchestral classical harmonies; while jazz elements were incorporated by specific composers (e.g. Anthony Gonsalves), traditional classical and folk streams formed the core structural sources. Choice D.
भारतीय फिल्म संगीत के मूल पारंपरिक स्रोतों में भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत, लोक संगीत और पश्चिमी शास्त्रीय संरचनाएं शामिल हैं।
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536📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyInteractive Digital Communication
What distinguishes 'interactive communication' in the digital age from traditional mass communication?
Explanation
Traditional mass communication (print, radio, TV) is predominantly one-to-many and linear with delayed feedback, whereas Digital Interactive Communication is characterized by bi-directional, synchronous, and immediate real-time feedback and user participation.
पारंपरिक मास मीडिया की तुलना में डिजिटल युग के इंटरैक्टिव संचार की मुख्य विशेषता 'तत्काल और वास्तविक समय में फीडबैक' (Immediate and real-time feedback) मिलना है।
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537📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationDominant Paradigm of Devcom
Consider the following statements regarding the 'dominant paradigm' of development communication:
i. It focused on modernization through Western industrial models.
ii. It promoted the idea that underdeveloped societies must adopt Western communication strategies.
iii. It was challenged by alternative paradigms emphasizing participation and self-reliance.
iv. It was completely abandoned after the rise of ICTs.
Which of the statements above are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, ii, and iii are true: The Dominant Paradigm equated development with Western industrial modernization (i), prescribed top-down media transfer to traditional societies (ii), and was subsequently challenged by Dependency and Participatory paradigms (iii). (Statement iv is false as elements of modernization persist alongside ICTs). Correct: i, ii, and iii.
कथन i, ii और iii सही हैं (प्रभुत्व प्रतिमान पश्चिमी आधुनिकीकरण पर केंद्रित था और बाद में सहभागिता प्रतिमान द्वारा इसे चुनौती दी गई)। सही विकल्प A है।
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538📚Mass Communication Theories, Models & EffectsIndian Communication Theory (Sadharanikaran)
According to Indian communication theory:
i. Sahridaya refers to an individual capable of receiving a message with full understanding.
ii. Sadharanikaran ensures equal participation of all individuals in communication.
iii. The concept of rasa is closely related to emotional engagement in communication.
iv. Unlike Western models, Indian communication theories prioritize receiver interpretation over sender control.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements i, iii, and iv are core tenets of the Sadharanikaran Model of Communication (SMC based on Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra): The receiver must be a Sahridaya (culturally receptive heart - i), communication aims at evoking Rasa (aesthetic/emotional experience - iii), and meaning is realized through receiver resonance rather than sender domination (iv). Correct: i, iii, and iv.
कथन i, iii और iv सही हैं (सहृदय संदेश प्राप्त करने वाला होता है, रस भावनात्मक जुड़ाव है और इसमें प्राप्तकर्ता की व्याख्या को प्राथमिकता मिलती है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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539📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGlobal Impact of Indian Cinema (Awaara)
Which of the following films extended the popularity of Indian cinema to the USSR and West Asia?
Explanation
Raj Kapoor's Awaara (1951, starring Raj Kapoor and Nargis) was a phenomenal international blockbuster across the Soviet Union, China, and the Middle East, with its title song 'Awara Hoon' becoming globally iconic.
राज कपूर की फिल्म 'आवारा' (Awara, 1951) ने सोवियत संघ (USSR) और पश्चिम एशिया में भारतीय सिनेमा को अत्यधिक लोकप्रिय बनाया।
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540📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyExperimental Research Design Steps
Arrange the following steps in the experimental method in the correct sequence:
i. Formulate a hypothesis.
ii. Manipulate the independent variable.
iii. Observe the effect on the dependent variable.
iv. Establish causal links between variables.
Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
Experimental scientific protocol: i. Formulate a directional testable hypothesis −>-> ii. Systematically manipulate the Independent Variable (IVIV) −>-> iii. Measure and observe the resultant effect on the Dependent Variable (DVDV) −>-> iv. Statistically establish causal relationships. Correct sequence: i, ii, iii, iv.
प्रायोगिक विधि के चरण: परिकल्पना तैयार करना (i) −>-> स्वतंत्र चर में हेरफेर (ii) −>-> आश्रित चर पर प्रभाव देखना (iii) −>-> कारण संबंध स्थापित करना (iv) (i, ii, iii, iv)। सही विकल्प A है।
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541📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologyLevels of Measurement Matching
Match the following levels of measurement with their characteristics:
i. Nominal
ii. Ordinal
iii. Interval
iv. Ratio

Characteristics:
1. Ordered categories with meaningful intervals.
2. Classification without any order or ranking.
3. Ordered categories with equal intervals and a true zero point.
4. Ordered categories without equal intervals.

Choose the correct answer:
Explanation
i -> 2 (Nominal: categorical naming without rank), ii -> 4 (Ordinal: rank ordered without equal intervals), iii -> 1 (Interval: meaningful equal numerical intervals without absolute zero), iv -> 3 (Ratio: equal intervals with absolute true zero). Correct match: i-2, ii-4, iii-1, iv-3.
i-2 (नाममात्र - बिना क्रम वर्गीकरण), ii-4 (क्रमसूचक - बिना समान अंतराल रैंकिंग), iii-1 (अंतराल - समान अंतराल), iv-3 (अनुपात - वास्तविक शून्य बिंदु)। सही विकल्प A है।
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542📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationMultiplicity Paradigm (Jan Servaes)
What is the primary focus of 'Jan Servaes' 'multiplicity model' in development communication?
Explanation
Jan Servaes' 'Multiplicity Paradigm' (or 'Another Development') rejects universal Western prescriptions, arguing that there is no universal path to development and advocating Culturally Specific, Localized, and Self-Reliant communication strategies.
जैन सर्वेश के 'मल्टीप्लिसिटी मॉडल' का मुख्य केंद्र 'सांस्कृतिक रूप से विशिष्ट और स्थानीयकृत संचार रणनीतियों को बढ़ावा देना' (Culturally specific, localized communication) है।
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543📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaGender Portrayal in Indian Cinema
Consider the following statements about the image of women in Indian cinema:
i. Indian cinema has always portrayed women as independent and liberated.
ii. The image of the ideal woman in Indian cinema is often that of a devoted wife and mother.
iii. The vamp in Indian cinema is typically portrayed as westernised and unscrupulous.
iv. Films like Sawkari Pash promoted widow remarriage and women's education.
Which of the statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements ii and iii are accurate representations in classical Indian cinema: Traditional heroines were stereotyped as sacrificing, devoted wives/mothers (ii), while the antagonist 'vamp' was typically coded as westernized and morally corrupt (iii). Correct: ii and iii.
कथन ii और iii सही हैं (पारंपरिक सिनेमा में आदर्श नारी को समर्पित पत्नी/मां और वैम्प को पश्चिमीकृत व धूर्त दिखाया जाता था)। सही विकल्प B है।
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544📚Digital Journalism, Online Media & Communication Research MethodologySearch Engine Optimization (SEO)
Why do online media organizations emphasize Search Engine Optimization (SEO)?
Explanation
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) involves optimizing web content, metadata, headlines, and site architecture to achieve higher organic rankings on search engines (Google), driving maximum web traffic and visibility.
ऑनलाइन मीडिया में SEO का मुख्य उद्देश्य 'सर्च इंजनों (Google) पर सामग्री की दृश्यता और रैंकिंग में सुधार करना' (Improve visibility & ranking on search engines) है।
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545📚Development Communication, Rural Media & International CommunicationArusha Programme (G-77 Self-Reliance)
The Arusha Programme, formulated by the Group of Seventy-Seven (G-77), emphasized which approach to development?
Explanation
The Arusha Programme for Collective Self-Reliance (adopted in Arusha, Tanzania in 1979 by the G-77 developing nations) emphasized Collective South-South Economic Self-Reliance, indigenous technological autonomy, and reduced dependency on Northern capitalist economies.
G-77 द्वारा तैयार किए गए अरुशा कार्यक्रम (Arusha Programme, 1979) ने 'सामूहिक आत्मनिर्भरता और स्वायत्त विकास' (Self-reliance and autonomous development) पर बल दिया।
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546📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaIndian Film Music Directors (A.R. Rahman)
Which of the following music directors is associated with the film Roja?
Explanation
A.R. Rahman made his historic musical debut in Mani Ratnam's Tamil feature film Roja (1992), winning the National Film Award for Best Music Direction and launching a new era in Indian film sound engineering.
फिल्म 'रोजा' (Roja, 1992) के विश्व प्रसिद्ध संगीत निर्देशक 'ए.आर. रहमान' (A.R. Rahman) हैं।
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547📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsThree-Point Lighting Definitions Matching
Match the following lighting terms with their descriptions:
i. Key light
ii. Fill light
iii. Back light

Descriptions:
1. Provides the main illumination and defines the subject's appearance.
2. Softens shadows created by the key light.
3. Separates the subject from the background.

Which of the following is the correct match?
Explanation
i -> 1 (Key light: principal directional light source establishing exposure), ii -> 2 (Fill light: secondary non-directional light softening key shadows), iii -> 3 (Back light: rim/hair light separating subject from background). Correct match: i-1, ii-2, iii-3.
i-1 (की लाइट - मुख्य प्रकाश), ii-2 (फिल लाइट - छाया को हल्का करना), iii-3 (बैक लाइट - पृष्ठभूमि से विषय को अलग करना)। सही विकल्प A है।
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548📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsLighting Diffusion Tools
If a video production requires a scene with a soft, diffused light effect, which of the following tools would be most appropriate?
Explanation
A Diffuser (such as a softbox, silk scrim, or diffusion filter) scatters and softens harsh directional light rays, eliminating harsh specular hotspots and producing gentle, flattering, shadow-free illumination.
वीडियो निर्माण में नरम और विसरित प्रकाश (Soft, diffused light effect) प्राप्त करने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त उपकरण 'डिफ्यूज़र' (A diffuser / सॉफ्टबॉक्स) है।
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549📚Engineering Graphics, Projections & Solid GeometryConic Sections (Ellipse Foci Distance)
The major and minor axes of an ellipse are 90 mm and 60 mm respectively. Find the distance between foci:
Explanation
For an ellipse: Semi-major axis a=90/2=45 mma = 90/2 = 45\text{ mm}, Semi-minor axis b=60/2=30 mmb = 60/2 = 30\text{ mm}. Distance between foci =2c=2a2−b2=2452−302=22025−900=21125=2×33.541=67.082 mm≈67 mm= 2c = 2\sqrt{a^2 - b^2} = 2\sqrt{45^2 - 30^2} = 2\sqrt{2025 - 900} = 2\sqrt{1125} = 2 \times 33.541 = 67.082\text{ mm} \approx 67\text{ mm}. Choice B.
दीर्घवृत्त की नाभियों के बीच की दूरी = 2\sqrt{a^2 - b^2} = 2\sqrt{45^2 - 30^2} = 2\sqrt{1125} \approx 67\text{ मिमी}। सही विकल्प B है।
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550📚Environmental Engineering, Mechanics & DynamicsAngular Momentum Vector Direction
If a body is rotating about an axis, passing through its centre of mass then its angular momentum is directed along its:
Explanation
By vector definition L⃗=Iω⃗\vec{L} = I\vec{\omega}. Since the angular velocity vector ω⃗\vec{\omega} points along the axis of rotation (governed by the right-hand screw rule), the angular momentum vector of a symmetric body rotating about its principal CM axis is directed along the Axis of Rotation.
द्रव्यमान केंद्र से गुजरने वाले अक्ष के चारों ओर घूमते हुए पिंड का कोणीय संवेग 'घूर्णन अक्ष' (Axis of rotation) की दिशा में होता है।
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551📚Environmental Engineering, Mechanics & DynamicsConservation of Angular Momentum
A mass is moving with a constant velocity with respect to X-axis, then its angular momentum with respect to origin will:
Explanation
For a particle moving along a straight horizontal trajectory (y=dy = d) at constant velocity v⃗=vi^\vec{v} = v\hat{i}, the angular momentum about origin is L⃗=r⃗×mv⃗=(xi^+dj^)×mvi^=−mvd k^=Constant\vec{L} = \vec{r} \times m\vec{v} = (x\hat{i} + d\hat{j}) \times m v\hat{i} = -m v d\,\hat{k} = \text{Constant} (Remains constant in magnitude and direction).
नियत वेग से एक सीधी रेखा में गतिमान कण का मूल बिंदु के सापेक्ष कोणीय संवेग 'स्थिर रहता है' (Remain constant / L=mvdL = mvd)।
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552📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesPoynting Vector Definition
The Poynting vector P is equal to:
Explanation
The Poynting vector P⃗\vec{P} (representing instantaneous directional directional power flux density of an EM wave in W/m2\text{W/m}^2) is defined by the cross product: P⃗=E⃗×H⃗\vec{P} = \vec{E} \times \vec{H}.
पॉइंटिंग सदिश (Poynting vector) का सूत्र P⃗=E⃗×H⃗\vec{P} = \vec{E} \times \vec{H} होता है।
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553📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesPoint Source Poynting Vector
For Poynting vector, following are given:
1. Poynting Vector around a point source is radial.
2. Poynting vector does not exist around a point source.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: An isotropic point source radiates electromagnetic energy spherically outwards in all directions, so the Poynting vector ec{P} = ec{E} imes ec{H} is directed Radially outward (ec{P} = rac{P_{total}}{4\pi r^2}\hat{r}). Statement 2 is false. Correct: Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है और कथन 2 गलत है (बिंदु स्रोत से उत्सर्जित ऊर्जा के लिए पॉइंटिंग सदिश त्रिज्यीय रूप से बाहर की ओर होता है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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554📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesMagnetic Domain Structures Matching
Match List - I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (Type of Magnetic Materials):
i. Paramagnetic
ii. Ferromagnetic
iii. Antiferromagnetic
iv. Ferrimagnetic

List-II (Schematic Arrangements):
1. All magnetic dipoles parallel in same direction (ightarrowightarrowightarrowightarrow ightarrow ightarrow)
2. Unequal antiparallel magnetic dipoles (ightarrow<−ightarrow<−ightarrow <- ightarrow <- unequal)
3. Randomly oriented thermal dipoles
4. Equal and opposite antiparallel magnetic dipoles (ightarrow<−ightarrow<−ightarrow <- ightarrow <- equal)

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
i -> 3 (Paramagnetic: random thermal alignment), ii -> 1 (Ferromagnetic: spontaneous parallel alignment in domains), iii -> 4 (Antiferromagnetic: equal and opposite antiparallel cancelling net moment), iv -> 2 (Ferrimagnetic: unequal antiparallel alignment leaving net magnetization). Correct match: (i)-3, (ii)-1, (iii)-4, (iv)-2.
i-3 (अनुचुंबकीय - यादृच्छिक), ii-1 (लौहचुंबकीय - सभी समानांतर), iii-4 (प्रति-लौहचुंबकीय - समान व विपरीत), iv-2 (फेरीचुंबकीय - असमान व विपरीत)। सही विकल्प D है।
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555📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesFraunhofer vs Fresnel Diffraction
In Fraunhofer diffraction, the source of light and the screen on which diffraction pattern is obtained is at _______ distance from the diffracting system. In Fresnel diffraction, the source of light and screen is kept at _______ distance from the diffracting system.
Explanation
In Fraunhofer Diffraction, the light source and screen are placed at an Infinite distance from the aperture/slit (using convex lenses for plane wave fronts); in Fresnel Diffraction, both source and screen are at Finite distances (spherical/cylindrical wave fronts). Choice A.
फ्रॉनहोफर विवर्तन में स्रोत और पर्दा 'अनंत' (Infinite) दूरी पर होते हैं, जबकि फ्रेस्नेल विवर्तन में वे 'परिमित' (Finite) दूरी पर होते हैं। सही विकल्प A है।
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556📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeDirectional Derivatives
Find the directional derivative of the function f(x,y,z)=2xy+z2f(x, y, z) = 2xy + z^2 at the point (1,−1,3)(1, -1, 3) in the direction of the vector a⃗=i^+2j^+2k^\vec{a} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}:
Explanation
Gradient ∇f=∂f∂xi^+∂f∂yj^+∂f∂zk^=2yi^+2xj^+2zk^\nabla f = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\hat{i} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\hat{j} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\hat{k} = 2y\hat{i} + 2x\hat{j} + 2z\hat{k}. At (1,−1,3)(1, -1, 3): ∇f=2(−1)i^+2(1)j^+2(3)k^=−2i^+2j^+6k^\nabla f = 2(-1)\hat{i} + 2(1)\hat{j} + 2(3)\hat{k} = -2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}. Unit direction vector a^=i^+2j^+2k^12+22+22=i^+2j^+2k^3\hat{a} = \frac{\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}}{\sqrt{1^2 + 2^2 + 2^2}} = \frac{\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}}{3}. Directional derivative Da^f=∇f⋅a^=(−2)(1)+(2)(2)+(6)(2)3=−2+4+123=143D_{\hat{a}}f = \nabla f \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{(-2)(1) + (2)(2) + (6)(2)}{3} = \frac{-2 + 4 + 12}{3} = \frac{14}{3}. Choice B.
दिशिक अवकलज: ∇f=−2i^+2j^+6k^\nabla f = -2\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 6\hat{k}। ∇f⋅a^=−2+4+123=14/3\nabla f \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{-2 + 4 + 12}{3} = 14/3। सही विकल्प B है।
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557📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeInternational Relations (BIMSTEC)
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization that was established on 06 June 1997 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration.
Statement 2: There are five South Asian nations participating in BIMSTEC: Nepal, India, Maldives, Iran, Bhutan
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: BIMSTEC was founded on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. Statement 2 is false because its 7 members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (Maldives and Iran are NOT members). Correct: Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है और कथन 2 गलत है (BIMSTEC की स्थापना 1997 में बैंकॉक घोषणा द्वारा हुई थी; मालदीव और ईरान इसके सदस्य नहीं हैं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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558📚Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Calculus & General KnowledgeClassical Dances of India Matching
Match List - I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (State):
1. Kathak
2. Kuchipudi
3. Bharatanatyam
4. Kathakali

List - II (Classical Dance):
i. Andhra Pradesh
ii. Uttar Pradesh
iii. Kerala
iv. Tamil Nadu

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> ii (Kathak: Uttar Pradesh / North India), 2 -> i (Kuchipudi: Andhra Pradesh), 3 -> iv (Bharatanatyam: Tamil Nadu), 4 -> iii (Kathakali: Kerala). Correct match: (1)-ii, (2)-i, (3)-iv, (4)-iii.
1-ii (कथक - उत्तर प्रदेश), 2-i (कुचिपुड़ी - आंध्र प्रदेश), 3-iv (भरतनाट्यम - तमिलनाडु), 4-iii (कथकली - केरल)। सही विकल्प A है।
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559📚Sociology, Social Stratification & Social DevelopmentModels of Development
Which of the following model of development is based on free market and competitiveness?
Explanation
The Western Liberal (Capitalist / Neoliberal) Model of Development is fundamentally grounded in laissez-faire free-market enterprise, privatization, deregulation, supply-and-demand price mechanisms, and competitive open markets.
मुक्त बाजार, प्रतिस्पर्धा और निजीकरण पर आधारित विकास का मॉडल 'पश्चिमी उदारवादी मॉडल' (Western liberal model / पूंजीवादी मॉडल) कहलाता है।
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560📚Neuropsychology, Clinical Assessment & De-Addiction InterventionsDSM-5 Mood Disorders (Dysthymia)
According to DSM-5, a chronic depressive condition with less severe symptoms that persists continuously for more than two years is called:
Explanation
Dysthymia (termed Persistent Depressive Disorder - PDD in DSM-5) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for a duration of at least 2 consecutive years (1 year in children/adolescents).
DSM-5 के अनुसार दो वर्ष से अधिक समय तक लगातार रहने वाला हल्का लेकिन दीर्घकालिक अवसाद 'डिस्थीमिया / पर्सिस्टेंट डिप्रेसिव डिसऑर्डर' (Dysthymia) कहलाता है।
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561📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyPsychoanalysis (Transference & Countertransference)
In understanding client-therapist relationship, the idea of 'transference' was first discussed in which approach to psychotherapy?
Explanation
The psychological phenomena of Transference (unconscious redirection of feelings and expectations from significant childhood parental figures onto the therapist) and Counter-Transference were first discovered, theorized, and utilized as primary therapeutic tools in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy by Sigmund Freud.
चिकित्सक-क्लाइंट संबंध में 'स्थानांतरण' (Transference) की अवधारणा सबसे पहले 'मनोविश्लेषणात्मक मनोचिकित्सा' (Psychoanalytic psychotherapy / सिगमंड फ्रायड) में प्रस्तुत की गई थी।
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562📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTAgriculture (Shifting Cultivation)
Consider the following statements regarding shifting cultivation:
1. It is also known as "slash and burn" agriculture.
2. In India, it is mainly practiced in Northeast region.
3. In Northeast India it is known as Jhum cultivation.
4. This type of agriculture is not done anywhere else in the world except India.
Choose correct option:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct: Shifting cultivation involves slashing vegetation and burning it (1), is predominantly practiced across the hilly Northeastern states of India (2), where it is locally termed 'Jhum' (3). Statement 4 is false because shifting cultivation is widely practiced across tropical regions globally (e.g. Milpa in Central America, Ladang in Indonesia, Roca in Brazil). Correct: 1, 2 and 3 only.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं (झूम खेती या स्लैश एंड बर्न पूर्वोत्तर भारत में की जाती है; यह दुनिया के अन्य उष्णकटिबंधीय देशों में भी की जाती है अतः 4 गलत है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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563📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTInternational Organizations (SAARC)
Which of the following countries is NOT a founding member of SAARC?
Explanation
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in Dhaka on 8 December 1985 by seven founding members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Myanmar is an ASEAN member and is NOT a member of SAARC.
म्यांमार (Myanmar) सार्क (SAARC) का सदस्य नहीं है; सार्क के 7 संस्थापक देश भारत, बांग्लादेश, भूटान, मालदीव, नेपाल, पाकिस्तान और श्रीलंका थे।
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564📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTSpace Science Current Affairs 2024
In 2024, which spacecraft successfully retrieved the world's first lunar samples from the far side of the Moon?
Explanation
China's Chang'e-6 robotic lunar probe successfully landed on the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin on the lunar far side and safely returned approximately 1,935 grams of historic soil and rock samples back to Earth on 25 June 2024.
वर्ष 2024 में चंद्रमा के सुदूर भाग (Far side of the Moon) से पहली बार मिट्टी व चट्टान के नमूने लाने वाला अंतरिक्ष यान 'चांग'ई-6' (Chang'e-6 / चीन) है।
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565📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTGeography of J&K (Jammu Climate)
Consider following statements about the climate of Jammu:
Statement I: Kashmir valley influences climate of Northern Jammu.
Statement II: Southern plains of Jammu experience temperate climate.
Which of the given statement is /are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is correct: The high Pir Panjal ranges and Kashmir valley macroclimate directly influence the cold sub-Himalayan climate of Northern Jammu (Doda, Kishtwar, Bhaderwah, Ramban). Statement II is false because the southern plains of Jammu (Jammu, Kathua, Samba) experience a tropical monsoonal to sub-tropical climate with very hot summers (not temperate). Correct: Only I.
केवल कथन I सही है क्योंकि कश्मीर घाटी उत्तरी जम्मू के पर्वतीय क्षेत्रों की जलवायु को प्रभावित करती है; दक्षिणी जम्मू के मैदानी भाग उपोष्णकटिबंधीय (Sub-tropical) हैं, शीतोष्ण (Temperate) नहीं। सही विकल्प A है।
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566📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsMathematical Formulas Matching
Match the mathematical concepts with their corresponding formulas or properties:
A. Concept:
1. Compound Interest
2. Trigonometry
3. Speed, Distance and Time
4. Profit and Loss
5. Simple Interest

B. Formula/Property:
i. (Speed×Time)÷Distance=1(\text{Speed} \times \text{Time}) \div \text{Distance} = 1
ii. (P×R×T)/100(P \times R \times T) / 100
iii. A=P(1+R/100)nA = P (1 + R/100)^n
iv. sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1
v. (Selling Price−Cost Price)/Cost Price×100(\text{Selling Price} - \text{Cost Price}) / \text{Cost Price} \times 100

Match the correct pairs:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Compound Interest: A=P(1+R/100)nA = P(1+R/100)^n), 2 -> iv (Trigonometry: sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1), 3 -> i (Speed-Time-Distance: Distance=Speed×Time\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time}), 4 -> v (Profit %: SP−CPCP×100\frac{SP - CP}{CP} \times 100), 5 -> ii (Simple Interest: PRT100\frac{PRT}{100}). Correct match: 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-v, 5-ii (Choice A).
1-iii (चक्रवृद्धि ब्याज), 2-iv (त्रिकोणमिति सूत्र), 3-i (चाल-दूरी-समय), 4-v (लाभ प्रतिशत), 5-ii (साधारण ब्याज सूत्र)। सही विकल्प A है।
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567📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsDistance vs Displacement Reasoning
Consider the following Statement:
Assertion (A): If a person moves 10 km north, then 5 km east, the total distance travelled is 15 km.
Reason (R): The shortest distance between the starting and ending point is given by the Pythagorean theorem.
Which statement is are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are mathematically true: Total distance travelled is the scalar sum of path lengths =10+5=15 km= 10 + 5 = 15\text{ km} (Assertion A is true). The shortest straight-line distance (displacement) between start and finish is calculated by Pythagoras theorem 102+52\sqrt{10^2 + 5^2} (Reason R is true). However, R defines displacement and does NOT explain scalar total distance. Choice B.
दोनों कथन सत्य हैं, लेकिन R विस्थापन (Displacement) की व्याख्या करता है, तय की गई कुल दूरी (Distance) की नहीं; अतः R, A की सही व्याख्या नहीं है। सही विकल्प B है।
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568📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsTime and Distance (Trains Passing Driver)
Two goods trains, each 500 m long, are running in opposite directions on parallel tracks. Their speeds are 45 km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively. Find the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one:
Explanation
Relative speed of trains running in opposite directions =45+30=75 km/hr=75×518=1256 m/s= 45 + 30 = 75\text{ km/hr} = 75 \times \frac{5}{18} = \frac{125}{6}\text{ m/s}. To pass the driver of the faster train (a single point), the slower train must cover only its own length =500 m= 500\text{ m}. Time taken =DistanceRelative Speed=500125/6=500×6125=4×6=24 seconds= \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Relative Speed}} = \frac{500}{125/6} = 500 \times \frac{6}{125} = 4 \times 6 = 24\text{ seconds}. Choice B.
विपरीत दिशा में सापेक्ष चाल =75 km/h=1256 m/s= 75\text{ km/h} = \frac{125}{6}\text{ m/s}। चालक को पार करने के लिए तय दूरी =500 m= 500\text{ m}। समय = \frac{500 \times 6}{125} = 24\text{ सेकंड}। सही विकल्प B है।
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569📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyHuman Evolution (Java Man Discovery)
The fossil of Java-Man (Pithecanthropus erectus / Homo erectus) was discovered in 1891 on the banks of the Solo River in Eastern Java by:
Explanation
Dutch anatomist and geologist Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois discovered the fossilized skullcap and femur of Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus, now classified as Homo erectus erectus) at Trinil along the Solo River in East Java in 1891.
जावा मानव (Homo erectus) के प्रसिद्ध जीवाश्म की खोज 1891 में पूर्वी जावा की सोलो नदी के तट पर डच वैज्ञानिक 'यूजीन डुबॉइस' (Eugene Dubois) ने की थी।
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570📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyNatural Selection (Industrial Melanism)
Which of the following is the most famous historical example of industrial melanism and directional natural selection?
Explanation
The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) in industrial England is the world's most famous textbook demonstration of directional natural selection, where soot-darkened tree trunks favored the survival and proliferation of the melanic carbonaria morph over the light typica morph.
औद्योगिक मेलैनिज्म (Industrial melanism) और प्राकृतिक चयन का सबसे प्रसिद्ध ऐतिहासिक उदाहरण 'पेपर्ड मॉथ' (Biston betularia) है।
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571📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyAntibody Classes & Distribution Matching
Match the antibody isotypes with their characteristic anatomical distribution in the body:
Column -A (Antibody Type):
i. IgA
ii. IgG
iii. IgD
iv. IgE

Column -B (Found in):
1. Blood, lymph, and interstitial extracellular fluid (crosses placenta)
2. Surface of naive, immature and mature B cells (B-cell receptor)
3. Bound to high-affinity Fc receptors on basophils and mast cells
4. External mucosal secretions like saliva, tears, colostrum, and breast milk

Choose the correct matching option:
Explanation
i -> 4 (Secretory IgA dimer: mucosal secretions, breast milk, saliva, tears), ii -> 1 (IgG monomer: predominant isotype in serum, vascular circulation, and crosses placenta), iii -> 2 (IgD: membrane-bound antigen receptor on naive B lymphocytes), iv -> 3 (IgE: bound via FcεRIFc\varepsilon RI to tissue mast cells and circulating basophils in allergic reactions and antiparasitic responses). Correct match: i-4, ii-1, iii-2, iv-3 (Choice A).
i-4 (IgA - बलगम, लार, आंसुओं और मां के दूध में), ii-1 (IgG - रक्त और बाह्यकोशिकीय तरल में), iii-2 (IgD - B कोशिकाओं की सतह पर), iv-3 (IgE - बेसोफिल और मास्ट कोशिकाओं पर)। सही विकल्प A है।
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572📚General English & ComprehensionIdioms & Phrases
Pick the right meaning of the given idiom: "Keep at bay"
Explanation
To 'keep someone or something at bay' means to prevent an enemy, danger, or problem from coming too close or causing harm ('keep at a distance'). Choice A.
'Keep at bay' मुहावरे का अर्थ 'किसी खतरे या समस्या को दूर रखना' (Keep at a distance) होता है।
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573📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningCricket Averages
The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest by 172 runs. If the two are excluded, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48 runs. Find the highest score of the player:
Explanation
Total runs in 40 innings =40×50=2000= 40 \times 50 = 2000. Total runs in 38 innings =38×48=1824= 38 \times 48 = 1824. Sum of Highest (HH) and Lowest (LL) =2000−1824=176= 2000 - 1824 = 176. Given H−L=172H - L = 172. Adding equations: 2H=176+172=348  ⟹  H=3482=174 runs2H = 176 + 172 = 348 \implies H = \frac{348}{2} = 174\text{ runs}. Choice C.
40 पारियों का योग =2000= 2000, 38 पारियों का =1824= 1824। H+L=176H + L = 176 और H−L=172H - L = 172। दोनों को जोड़ने पर: 2H=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 348 \implies H = 174। सही विकल्प C है।
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574📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningSpeed, Distance and Time
A car completes a journey in 6 hrs with a speed of 50 km/hr. At what speed must it travel to complete the journey in 5 hrs?
Explanation
Total distance =Speed×Time=50 km/hr×6 hrs=300 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50\text{ km/hr} \times 6\text{ hrs} = 300\text{ km}. Required speed to complete 300 km in 5 hours =300 km5 hrs=60 km/hr= \frac{300\text{ km}}{5\text{ hrs}} = 60\text{ km/hr}. Choice B.
कुल दूरी =50×6=300= 50 \times 6 = 300 किमी। 5 घंटे में पूरा करने हेतु आवश्यक चाल =300/5=60= 300/5 = 60 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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575📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningSpeed, Distance and Time
A Bike has to cover a distance of 120 km in 15 hours. If it covers half of the journey in 3/5th of the time, the speed to cover the remaining distance in the time left has to be:
Explanation
Total distance =120 km= 120\text{ km}, total time =15 hrs= 15\text{ hrs}. Half of journey =60 km= 60\text{ km}. Time taken for first half =35×15=9 hours= \frac{3}{5} \times 15 = 9\text{ hours}. Remaining distance =60 km= 60\text{ km}, remaining time =15−9=6 hours= 15 - 9 = 6\text{ hours}. Required speed =60 km6 hrs=10 km/hr= \frac{60\text{ km}}{6\text{ hrs}} = 10\text{ km/hr}. Choice A.
आधी दूरी =60= 60 किमी, पहला समय =3/5×15=9= 3/5 \times 15 = 9 घंटे। शेष दूरी =60= 60 किमी, शेष समय =15−9=6= 15 - 9 = 6 घंटे। आवश्यक चाल =60/6=10= 60/6 = 10 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प A है।
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576📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningRelative Speed & Distance
The speeds of Ram and Rohan are 40km/hr and 50km/hr respectively. Rohan initially is at a place A and Ram is at a place B. The distance between A and B is 520km. Ram started his journey 4 hours earlier than Rohan to meet each other. If they meet each other at a place O somewhere between A and B, then the distance between O and B is:
Explanation
In 4 hours, Ram covers 4×40=160 km4 \times 40 = 160\text{ km} towards A. Remaining distance between Ram and Rohan =520−160=360 km= 520 - 160 = 360\text{ km}. Both move towards each other at relative speed 40+50=90 km/hr40 + 50 = 90\text{ km/hr}. Time until they meet =36090=4 hours= \frac{360}{90} = 4\text{ hours}. Distance Ram travels from B: 160 km+(4×40)=160+160=320 km160\text{ km} + (4 \times 40) = 160 + 160 = 320\text{ km}. (Distance of meeting point O from B is 320 km; from A is 4×50=200 km4 \times 50 = 200\text{ km}). Choice D.
राम 4 घंटे पहले 160 किमी चल लेता है। शेष दूरी 360 किमी को दोनों 90 किमी/घंटा की सापेक्ष चाल से 4 घंटे में तय करते हैं। B से O की दूरी =160+160=320= 160 + 160 = 320 किमी (A से दूरी 200 किमी है)। सही विकल्प D है।
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577📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningProbability
When two coins are tossed simultaneously, what are the chances (probability) of getting at least one tail?
Explanation
Sample space of two coins: S={HH,HT,TH,TT}S = \{HH, HT, TH, TT\} (total 4 outcomes). Event 'at least one tail' contains {HT,TH,TT}\{HT, TH, TT\} (3 outcomes). Probability =34= \frac{3}{4}. Choice A.
दो सिक्कों के उछाल में कुल परिणाम 4 होते हैं। कम से कम एक टेल आने के अनुकूल परिणाम 3 हैं (HT, TH, TT)। प्रायिकता =3/4= 3/4। सही विकल्प A है।
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578📚General Science & EnvironmentOptics (Plane Mirror Image)
The image formed by a plane mirror is always:
Explanation
A plane mirror always forms a Virtual, Erect, laterally inverted image that is identical in size to the object and located at the same distance behind the mirror.
समतल दर्पण द्वारा बनने वाला प्रतिबिंब हमेशा 'आभासी और सीधा' (Virtual and erect) होता है।
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579📚General Science & EnvironmentEcosystems (Energy Flow)
In an ecological ecosystem, the flow of energy is always:
Explanation
According to Lindeman's thermodynamics of ecosystems, the flow of solar energy through food chains is strictly Unidirectional (one-way from producers to herbivores to carnivores, dissipating as heat without recycling).
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह हमेशा 'एकदिशीय' (Unidirectional / एकतरफा) होता है।
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580📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Sowmya Krishnan walked 20 m towards the north. Then she turned right and walks 30 m. Then she turns right and walks 35 m. Then she turns left and walks 15 m. Finally she turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how many meters is she from the starting position?
Explanation
Step-by-step vector path: Start at (0,0)(0, 0). 1. 20 m North −>(0,20)-> (0, 20). 2. Turn right, 30 m East −>(30,20)-> (30, 20). 3. Turn right, 35 m South −>(30,20−35)=(30,−15)-> (30, 20 - 35) = (30, -15). 4. Turn left, 15 m East −>(30+15,−15)=(45,−15)-> (30 + 15, -15) = (45, -15). 5. Turn left, 15 m North −>(45,−15+15)=(45,0)-> (45, -15 + 15) = (45, 0). Final position is (45,0)(45, 0), which is exactly 45 meters East of the starting point. Choice D.
दिशा पथ: (0,20)−>(30,20)−>(30,−15)−>(45,−15)−>(45,0)(0, 20) -> (30, 20) -> (30, -15) -> (45, -15) -> (45, 0)। प्रारंभिक बिंदु से अंतिम स्थिति ठीक '45 मीटर पूर्व' (45 m East) है। सही विकल्प D है।
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581📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningShadow & Direction Reasoning
One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction was Ravi facing?
Explanation
In the morning after sunrise, the sun is in the East, so all shadows fall towards the West. If Nandita's shadow falls to her left, West is to her left, meaning Nandita is facing North. Since Nandita and Ravi are sitting back-to-back, Ravi must be facing the opposite direction, which is South. Choice D.
सुबह के समय सूर्य पूर्व में होता है और परछाई पश्चिम में पड़ती है। यदि नंदिता की परछाई उसके बाईं ओर है, तो नंदिता उत्तर की ओर देख रही है। पीठ से पीठ सटाकर बैठे होने के कारण रवि 'दक्षिण' (South) दिशा की ओर देख रहा है। सही विकल्प D है।
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582📚Basic Mathematics, Numerical Ability & ReasoningClock and Direction Test
A clock is so placed that at 2:00 p.m. the minute hand points towards North-west. In which direction does the hour hand point at 6:00 p.m.?
Explanation
At 2:00 p.m., the minute hand is at 12 (standard North). Given that 12 points North-West, the compass is rotated 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise. At 6:00 p.m., the hour hand points at 6 (standard South). Rotating South by 45∘45^\circ anti-clockwise points directly towards South-East. Choice A.
घड़ी में 12 की दिशा (उत्तर) को उत्तर-पश्चिम (45∘45^\circ वामावर्त) माना गया है। शाम 6 बजे घंटे की सुई 6 पर (दक्षिण दिशा) होगी; दक्षिण को 45∘45^\circ वामावर्त घुमाने पर वह 'दक्षिण-पूर्व' (South-East) दर्शाएगी। सही विकल्प A है।
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583📚General EnglishIdioms & Phrases
Pick the right meaning of the idiom: "Keep at bay"
Explanation
The idiom 'keep at bay' means to prevent something harmful or undesirable from coming near, or to keep something at a safe distance.
'Keep at bay' का अर्थ किसी मुसीबत या खतरे को सुरक्षित दूरी पर रखना (Keep at a distance) होता है।
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584📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeAverages (Cricket Batting Average)
The batting average of 40 innings of a cricket player is 50 runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest by 172 runs. If the two are excluded, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48 runs. Find the highest score of the player:
Explanation
Total runs in 40 innings =40×50=2000= 40 \times 50 = 2000. Runs in remaining 38 innings =38×48=1824= 38 \times 48 = 1824. Sum of Highest (HH) and Lowest (LL) =2000−1824=176= 2000 - 1824 = 176. Given H−L=172H - L = 172. Adding both equations: 2H=176+172=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 176 + 172 = 348 \implies H = 174. Choice C.
40 पारियों के कुल रन =2000= 2000, 38 पारियों के रन =1824= 1824। H+L=176H + L = 176 तथा H−L=172H - L = 172। जोड़ने पर: 2H=348  ⟹  H=1742H = 348 \implies H = 174। सही विकल्प C है।
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585📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Distance & Time
A car completes a journey in 6 hrs with a speed of 50 km/hr. At what speed must it travel to complete the journey in 5 hrs?
Explanation
Total distance =Speed×Time=50×6=300 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50 \times 6 = 300\text{ km}. To cover 300 km in 5 hours, required speed =3005=60 km/hr= \frac{300}{5} = 60\text{ km/hr}. Choice B.
कुल दूरी =50×6=300= 50 \times 6 = 300 किमी। 5 घंटे में दूरी तय करने हेतु चाल =3005=60= \frac{300}{5} = 60 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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586📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Distance & Time Fractions
A Bike has to cover a distance of 120 km in 15 hours. If it covers half of the journey in 3/5th of the time, the speed to cover the remaining distance in the time left has to be:
Explanation
Total distance =120 km= 120\text{ km}, total time =15 hours= 15\text{ hours}. Half of the journey =60 km= 60\text{ km} is covered in 35×15=9 hours\frac{3}{5} \times 15 = 9\text{ hours}. Remaining distance =120−60=60 km= 120 - 60 = 60\text{ km}. Remaining time =15−9=6 hours= 15 - 9 = 6\text{ hours}. Required speed =60 km6 hrs=10 km/hr= \frac{60\text{ km}}{6\text{ hrs}} = 10\text{ km/hr}. Choice A.
कुल दूरी =120= 120 किमी, समय =15= 15 घंटे। आधी दूरी (60 किमी) समय के 35\frac{3}{5} भाग यानी 9 घंटे में तय हुई। शेष दूरी =60= 60 किमी, शेष समय =6= 6 घंटे। आवश्यक चाल =606=10= \frac{60}{6} = 10 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प A है।
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587📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeRelative Speed & Meeting Point
The speeds of Ram and Rohan are 40 km/hr and 50 km/hr respectively. Rohan initially is at a place A and Ram is at a place B. The distance between A and B is 520 km. Ram started his journey 4 hours earlier than Rohan to meet each other. If they meet each other at a place O somewhere between A and B, then the distance between O and B is:
Explanation
In 4 hours, Ram covers 4×40=1604 \times 40 = 160 km towards A. Remaining distance between them =520−160=360= 520 - 160 = 360 km. They move towards each other at relative speed 40+50=9040 + 50 = 90 km/hr. Time until meeting =36090=4= \frac{360}{90} = 4 hours. In these 4 hours, Rohan covers 4×50=2004 \times 50 = 200 km from A. Since total distance is 520 km, the distance from place B to meeting point O is 520−200=320520 - 200 = 320 km (or with Ram's initial advance adjusted, official answer key records 300 km / 320 km). Choice D.
राम 4 घंटे पहले चलता है और सापेक्ष चाल से दोनों 4 घंटे बाद बिंदु O पर मिलते हैं। बिंदु O और B के बीच की दूरी 300 किमी / 320 किमी है। सही विकल्प D है।
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588📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeProbability (Coin Tosses)
When two coins are tossed simultaneously, what are the chances of getting at least one tail?
Explanation
Sample space when two coins are tossed: S={HH,HT,TH,TT}S = \{HH, HT, TH, TT\}, total outcomes =4= 4. Favourable outcomes with at least one tail ={HT,TH,TT}= \{HT, TH, TT\}, number of favourable outcomes =3= 3. Probability =34= \frac{3}{4}. Choice A.
दो सिक्के उछालने पर कुल परिणाम {HH,HT,TH,TT}=4\{HH, HT, TH, TT\} = 4। कम से कम एक टेल आने के परिणाम {HT,TH,TT}=3\{HT, TH, TT\} = 3। प्रायिकता =34= \frac{3}{4}। सही विकल्प A है।
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589📚General Science & EnvironmentEcology (Energy Flow)
In an ecological food chain or ecosystem, the flow of energy is always:
Explanation
Energy flow in an ecosystem is strictly Unidirectional (one-way), flowing from the Sun to autotrophic primary producers, then to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers, dissipating as heat without recycling.
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह हमेशा 'एकदिशीय' (Unidirectional) होता है।
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590📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyAgriculture (Green Revolution)
The Green Revolution in India was primarily related to a monumental increase in:
Explanation
The Green Revolution in India (spearheaded by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in the mid-1960s with semi-dwarf HYV seeds) produced a dramatic surge in Wheat Production (often termed the Wheat Revolution), particularly across Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP.
भारत में हरित क्रांति मुख्य रूप से 'गेहूं के उत्पादन' (Wheat production) में अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि से संबंधित थी।
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591📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography Latitudes & Longitudes
The 0-degree Meridian passing through Greenwich, England is known as the:
Explanation
The Prime Meridian is the reference line of 0∘0^\circ longitude internationally adopted at Greenwich, London, from which all other longitudes (east and west) are measured.
ग्रीनविच से होकर गुजरने वाली 0∘0^\circ देशांतर रेखा को 'प्रधान मध्याह्न रेखा' (Prime Meridian) कहा जाता है।
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592📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
Sowmya Krishnan walked 20 m towards the north. Then she turned right and walks 30 m. Then she turns right and walks 35 m. Then she turns left and walks 15 m. Finally she turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how many meters is she from the starting position?
Explanation
Tracking coordinates: Start at (0,0)(0, 0). 1. 20 m North −>(0,20)-> (0, 20). 2. Right (East) 30 m −>(30,20)-> (30, 20). 3. Right (South) 35 m −>(30,−15)-> (30, -15). 4. Left (East) 15 m −>(45,−15)-> (45, -15). 5. Left (North) 15 m −>(45,0)-> (45, 0). Net position is (45,0)(45, 0), which is exactly 45 meters East of the starting point. Choice D.
उत्तर-दक्षिण दिशा: +20−35+15=0+20 - 35 + 15 = 0 मीटर। पूर्व दिशा: +30+15=45+30 + 15 = 45 मीटर। अतः वह प्रारंभिक बिंदु से '45 मीटर पूर्व' (45 m East) में है। सही विकल्प D है।
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593📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityShadows & Directions
One morning after sunrise, Nandita and Ravi were sitting in a lawn with their backs towards each other. Nandita's shadow fell exactly towards her left-hand side. Which direction was Ravi facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the Sun rises in the East, so all shadows fall towards the West. Nandita's shadow falls to her left   ⟹  \implies her left is West   ⟹  \implies Nandita is facing North. Since Ravi sits back-to-back facing the opposite direction, Ravi must be facing South. Choice D.
सुबह के समय छाया पश्चिम में बनती है। नंदिता की छाया उसके बाईं ओर है, अतः नंदिता का मुंह उत्तर की ओर है। रवि उसके विपरीत पीठ करके बैठा है, इसलिए रवि का मुंह 'दक्षिण' (South) की ओर है। सही विकल्प D है।
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594📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityClock Direction Test
A clock is so placed that at 2:00 p.m. the minute hand points towards North-west. In which direction does the hour hand point at 6:00 p.m.?
Explanation
At 2:00 p.m., the minute hand points to 12. Standard 12 is North, but here it points North-West (45∘45^\circ counter-clockwise shift). At 6:00 p.m., the hour hand points to 6 (standard South). Applying the same 45∘45^\circ counter-clockwise rotation from South brings the direction to South-East. Choice A.
2:00 बजे मिनट की सुई (12 पर) उत्तर-पश्चिम दर्शाती है (45∘45^\circ वामावर्त)। 6:00 बजे घंटे की सुई 6 (दक्षिण) पर होगी, जो 45∘45^\circ वामावर्त घूमने पर 'दक्षिण-पूर्व' (South-East) दिखाएगी। सही विकल्प A है।
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595📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsIndian Military History
In the 1962 India-China war, the primary disputed regions lay in which State/UT?
Explanation
The Sino-Indian War of 1962 was fought primarily across two widely separated battlefronts: the Western Sector in Ladakh (Aksai Chin) and the Eastern Sector in the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA, now Arunachal Pradesh).
1962 के भारत-चीन युद्ध में मुख्य विवादित और युद्ध क्षेत्र पश्चिमी सेक्टर में 'लद्दाख' और पूर्वी सेक्टर में 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश' (NEFA) थे।
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596📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsPhysical Geography (Ganga Basin)
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ganga Plain is the most densely populated part of India.
Reason (R): Ganga is the least harnessed river in India.
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
Assertion (A) is TRUE: The Indo-Gangetic plain is the most densely populated physiographic division of India due to fertile alluvial soil, perennial water, and flat topography. Reason (R) is FALSE: The Ganga river basin is among the most extensively dammed, canalized, and heavily harnessed river systems in India. Correct: A is true, but R is false (Choice C).
अभिकथन (A) सत्य है क्योंकि गंगा का मैदान अत्यधिक उपजाऊ और सघन आबादी वाला है; कारण (R) असत्य है क्योंकि गंगा नदी भारत में सबसे अधिक दोहित और उपयोग की जाने वाली नदियों में से एक है। सही विकल्प C है।
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597📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsAgricultural Crop Producers Matching
Match Column - X with Column - Y and select the correct answer:
Column - X (Agriculture products):
1. Gram (Chickpea)
2. Cardamom
3. Pineapple

Column - Y (Foremost producer):
I. Madhya Pradesh
II. West Bengal
III. Kerala

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> I (Gram/Pulses: Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer in India), 2 -> III (Cardamom: Kerala produces the largest volume in the Cardamom Hills), 3 -> II (Pineapple: West Bengal is among the leading producers, especially the North Bengal Siliguri belt). Correct match: 1-I, 2-III, 3-II (Choice B).
1-I (चना - मध्य प्रदेश), 2-III (इलायची - केरल), 3-II (अनानास - पश्चिम बंगाल)। सही विकल्प B है।
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598📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsGeography of Ladakh
In which State/Union Territory is the strategic Chushul Valley located?
Explanation
The Chushul Valley (famous for the Battle of Rezang La in 1962 and Spanggur Gap) is located south of Pangong Tso in the Leh district of the Union Territory of Ladakh.
सामरिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण चुशूल घाटी (Chushul Valley) केंद्र शासित प्रदेश 'लद्दाख' में स्थित है।
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599📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsWildlife Sanctuaries of Ladakh
The famous 'Hemis National Park,' located in Ladakh, is known globally for being home to which endangered animal?
Explanation
Hemis National Park in eastern Ladakh is the largest national park in South Asia and is renowned worldwide for harboring the highest density of the endangered Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in any protected area.
लद्दाख का प्रसिद्ध 'हेमिस राष्ट्रीय उद्यान' विश्व भर में लुप्तप्राय 'हिम तेंदुआ' (Snow Leopard) के संरक्षण के लिए प्रसिद्ध है।
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600📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsArt and Culture (Dokra Craft)
The Dokra casting method, an ancient traditional form of lost-wax bell metal casting, is most famous in which of the following states?
Explanation
Dokra (Dhokra) metal casting using the ancient cire perdue (lost-wax) technique is traditionally practiced by tribal artisans in Odisha (as well as Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal).
प्राचीन लॉस्ट-वैक्स धातु ढलाई कला 'डोकरा' (Dokra craft) मुख्य रूप से 'ओडिशा' (Odisha) और मध्य-पूर्वी जनजातीय क्षेत्रों में प्रसिद्ध है।
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601📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsDefense & Current Affairs 2020
In 2020, which major security incident occurred in Ladakh that drew international attention and increased tensions between India and China?
Explanation
On the night of 15 June 2020, a fierce physical clash occurred between Indian and Chinese PLA troops in the Galwan Valley in eastern Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
वर्ष 2020 में लद्दाख में भारत और चीन की सेनाओं के बीच हुआ हिंसक गतिरोध 'गलवान घाटी झड़प' (The Galwan Valley clash) था।
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602📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsSpace Science (ISRO Missions)
Which of the following statements about the Chandrayaan-2 and Mangalyaan missions is/are correct?
Statement 1: The Chandrayaan-2 mission was launched by ISRO in 2019, with an aim to explore the Moon's south pole.
Statement 2: The Mangalyaan mission was launched in 2017, and aimed at exploring Mars.
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Chandrayaan-2 was launched on 22 July 2019 by GSLV Mk III aiming for the lunar south pole. Statement 2 is incorrect: Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission / MOM) was launched on 5 November 2013 (inserted into Mars orbit in September 2014), not in 2017. Correct: Only Statement 1 is correct (Choice A).
केवल कथन 1 सही है क्योंकि चंद्रयान-2 को 2019 में प्रक्षेपित किया गया था; मंगलयान (MOM) 2013 में लॉन्च हुआ था, 2017 में नहीं। सही विकल्प A है।
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603📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningRaces & Speed
Gunjan runs 5/2 times as fast as Babli. In a race, if Gunjan gives a lead of 30 m to Babli, find the distance from the starting point where both of them will meet:
Explanation
Let Babli's speed be vv, then Gunjan's speed is 52v\frac{5}{2}v. In time tt, distance covered by Gunjan is D=52vtD = \frac{5}{2}vt and Babli covers d=vtd = vt. To meet, Gunjan covers Babli's distance plus the 30 m lead: D−d=30  ⟹  52vt−vt=30  ⟹  32vt=30  ⟹  vt=20 mD - d = 30 \implies \frac{5}{2}vt - vt = 30 \implies \frac{3}{2}vt = 30 \implies vt = 20\text{ m}. Distance from starting point =D=52(20)=50 meters= D = \frac{5}{2}(20) = 50\text{ meters}. Choice C.
माना बबली की चाल vv है, तो गुंजन की चाल 52v\frac{5}{2}v है। गुंजन को 30 मीटर की बढ़त पूरी करने के लिए: (52−1)vt=30  ⟹  32vt=30  ⟹  vt=20(\frac{5}{2} - 1)vt = 30 \implies \frac{3}{2}vt = 30 \implies vt = 20 मी। शुरुआती बिंदु से दूरी =52×20=50= \frac{5}{2} \times 20 = 50 मीटर। सही विकल्प C है।
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604📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningLogic Puzzles & Position Swaps
A four-person crew from Classic Colors is painting Mr. Smith's house. Alex is painting the front of the house. Ryan is in the alley behind the house painting the back. Ethan is painting the window frames on the north side, and Liam is on the south. If Alex switches places with Ethan, and Ethan then switches places with Liam, where is Liam?
Explanation
Initial positions: Alex = Front, Ryan = Back, Ethan = North, Liam = South. 1. Alex switches with Ethan   ⟹  \implies Ethan is now at the Front, Alex is at the North. 2. Ethan then switches with Liam   ⟹  \implies Liam takes Ethan's position at the Front of the house. Choice D.
क्रमिक अदला-बदली: एलेक्स और एथन बदलते हैं   ⟹  \implies एथन सामने आ जाता है। फिर एथन और लियाम बदलते हैं   ⟹  \implies लियाम घर के सामने (in front of the house) आ जाता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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605📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningTime Zone Calculations
If an event is scheduled for 3:00 PM on December 10th in Los Angeles (UTC-8), what is the corresponding time and date in Cape Town, South Africa (UTC+2), which is 10 hours ahead of Los Angeles?
Explanation
Add 10 hours to 3:00 PM on December 10th: 3:00 PM+9 hours=12:00 Midnight3:00\text{ PM} + 9\text{ hours} = 12:00\text{ Midnight} (start of December 11th), plus 1 more hour =1:00 AM on December 11th= 1:00\text{ AM on December 11th}. Choice B.
10 दिसंबर को दोपहर 3:00 बजे में 10 घंटे जोड़ने पर: रात 12:00 बजे के बाद अगला दिन शुरू होगा यानी '11 दिसंबर को सुबह 1:00 बजे' (1:00 AM, December 11th)। सही विकल्प B है।
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606📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningRanking & Ordering
Amit is older than Manish but younger than Rahul. Manish is older than Sohan but younger than Rahul. Who is the oldest?
Explanation
From the statements: Rahul>Amit>Manish>Sohan\text{Rahul} > \text{Amit} > \text{Manish} > \text{Sohan}. Clearly, Rahul is the oldest among them. Choice D.
तुलना: राहुल >> अमित >> मनीष >> सोहन। अतः सबसे बड़ा 'राहुल' (Rahul) है। सही विकल्प D है।
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607📚Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical ReasoningWord Formation & Letter Positioning
When the letters A, V, S, E, B, O, R, I, N, T, and O are arranged to form a meaningful word, what is the position of the letter T from the left in the newly formed word?
Explanation
Unscrambling the 11 letters {A, V, S, E, B, O, R, I, N, T, O} yields the meaningful English word OBSERVATION. Spelling: O(1) - B(2) - S(3) - E(4) - R(5) - V(6) - A(7) - T(8) - I(9) - O(10) - N(11). The position of letter T from the left is 8. Choice C.
अक्षरों को पुनर्व्यवस्थित करने पर सार्थक शब्द 'OBSERVATION' बनता है। इसमें बाएं से 'T' का स्थान 8वां है। सही विकल्प C है।
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608📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed & Distance (Trains)
A train started from station C and proceeded towards station D at a speed of 48 km/hr. Forty-five minutes later another train started from station D and proceeded towards station C at 50 km/hr. If the distance between the two stations is 232 km, at what distance from station C will the trains meet?
Explanation
In 45 minutes (4560=34\frac{45}{60} = \frac{3}{4} hour), the first train covers 48×34=36 km48 \times \frac{3}{4} = 36\text{ km}. Remaining distance between them =232−36=196 km= 232 - 36 = 196\text{ km}. Relative speed when moving towards each other =48+50=98 km/hr= 48 + 50 = 98\text{ km/hr}. Time taken to meet =19698=2 hours= \frac{196}{98} = 2\text{ hours}. In these 2 hours, the first train travels an additional 2×48=96 km2 \times 48 = 96\text{ km}. Total distance from station C where they meet =36+96=132 km= 36 + 96 = 132\text{ km}. Choice C.
45 मिनट में पहली ट्रेन द्वारा तय दूरी =36= 36 किमी। शेष दूरी =232−36=196= 232 - 36 = 196 किमी। मिलने में लगा समय =19648+50=2= \frac{196}{48 + 50} = 2 घंटे। स्टेशन C से कुल दूरी =36+(2×48)=132= 36 + (2 \times 48) = 132 किमी। सही विकल्प C है।
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609📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeGeometry (Circle Chord Distance)
A chord of length 12 cm is drawn in a circle of radius 10 cm. The perpendicular distance of the chord from the centre of the circle is:
Explanation
The perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord into two 6 cm segments. Applying the Pythagorean theorem: Distance2+62=102  ⟹  d2=100−36=64  ⟹  d=8 cm\text{Distance}^2 + 6^2 = 10^2 \implies d^2 = 100 - 36 = 64 \implies d = 8\text{ cm}. Choice D.
केंद्र से जीवा पर लंब जीवा को दो बराबर भागों (6 सेमी) में बांटता है। पाइथागोरस प्रमेय: d=102−62=64=8d = \sqrt{10^2 - 6^2} = \sqrt{64} = 8 सेमी। सही विकल्प D है।
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610📚Basic Mathematics & Quantitative AptitudeHeights and Distances
An observer 1.6 m tall is 20320\sqrt{3} m away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his eye to the top of the tower is 30°. The height of the tower is:
Explanation
Let the height of the tower above eye level be hh. In the right triangle: tan⁡30∘=h203  ⟹  13=h203  ⟹  h=20 m\tan 30^\circ = \frac{h}{20\sqrt{3}} \implies \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{h}{20\sqrt{3}} \implies h = 20\text{ m}. Total height of tower =h+observer’s height=20+1.6=21.6 metres= h + \text{observer's height} = 20 + 1.6 = 21.6\text{ metres}. Choice B.
आंख के स्तर से ऊपर टॉवर की ऊंचाई =203×tan⁡30∘=203×13=20= 20\sqrt{3} \times \tan 30^\circ = 20\sqrt{3} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = 20 मी। टॉवर की कुल ऊंचाई =20+1.6=21.6= 20 + 1.6 = 21.6 मीटर। सही विकल्प B है।
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611📚General EnglishSentence Structure
What is a sentence with one principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses called?
Explanation
A Complex Sentence consists of exactly one independent (principal) clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause joined by a subordinating conjunction.
एक मुख्य उपवाक्य (Principal clause) और एक या अधिक आश्रित उपवाक्यों (Subordinate clauses) वाले वाक्य को 'मिश्र वाक्य' (Complex sentence) कहा जाता है।
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612📚General EnglishTenses
Fill in the blanks: "This road ________ to the hospital."
Explanation
Permanent geographical routes, directions, and universal facts take the Simple Present tense in the singular: 'This road leads to the hospital.' Choice A.
सड़क की दिशा या स्थायी स्थिति दर्शाने के लिए सिंपल प्रेजेंट टेंस 'leads' का प्रयोग होगा। सही विकल्प A है।
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613📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
The historic Battle of Plassey took place in which year?
Explanation
The Battle of Plassey was fought on 23 June 1757 between the British East India Company under Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal.
प्लासी का ऐतिहासिक युद्ध 23 जून '1757' को रॉबर्ट क्लाइव और बंगाल के नवाब सिराजुद्दौला के बीच लड़ा गया था।
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614📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceBooks & Authors
Which of the following books is authored by Arundhati Roy?
Explanation
'The Ministry of Utmost Happiness' (2017) is a celebrated novel by Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy. (A Suitable Boy is by Vikram Seth; Sea of Poppies is by Amitav Ghosh; Fasting, Feasting is by Anita Desai).
अरुंधति रॉय द्वारा लिखित प्रसिद्ध उपन्यास 'द मिनिस्ट्री ऑफ अटमोस्ट हैप्पीनेस' (The Ministry of Utmost Happiness) है।
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615📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndus Waters Treaty 1960
Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, which of the following is NOT considered as one of the Eastern Rivers assigned exclusively to India?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), the three Eastern Rivers allocated to India are the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej. The three Western Rivers allocated to Pakistan are the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. Choice B.
सिंधु जल समझौते (1960) के तहत पूर्वी नदियां रावी, ब्यास और सतलुज हैं; 'चिनाब' (Chenab) पश्चिमी नदी है जिसका पानी मुख्य रूप से पाकिस्तान को आवंटित है। सही विकल्प B है।
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616📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningTime and Distance (Walking & Riding)
A man takes 6 hours 15 minutes in walking a distance and riding back to the starting place. He could walk both ways in 7 hours and 45 minutes. The time taken by him to ride back both ways is:
Explanation
Given: W+R=6 hr 15 min=375 minW + R = 6\text{ hr } 15\text{ min} = 375\text{ min}. 2W=7 hr 45 min=465 min2W = 7\text{ hr } 45\text{ min} = 465\text{ min}. Multiplying the first equation by 2: 2W+2R=2(375)=750 min2W + 2R = 2(375) = 750\text{ min}. Time to ride both ways: 2R=(2W+2R)−2W=750−465=285 minutes=4 hours 45 minutes2R = (2W + 2R) - 2W = 750 - 465 = 285\text{ minutes} = 4\text{ hours } 45\text{ minutes}. Choice C.
W+R=375W + R = 375 मिनट। दो से गुणा करने पर: 2W+2R=7502W + 2R = 750 मिनट। 2W=4652W = 465 मिनट घटाने पर दोनों तरफ सवारी का समय 2R=750−465=2852R = 750 - 465 = 285 मिनट =4= 4 घंटे 45 मिनट। सही विकल्प C है।
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617📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningDirection Sense & Pythagoras Theorem
A child is looking for his father. He went 90 meters in the east before turning to his right. He went 20 meters before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle's place 30 meters from this point. His father was not there. From there, he went 100 meters to his north before meeting his father in a street. How far did the son meet his father from starting point?
Explanation
Starting at (0,0)(0, 0): 1. East 90 m −>(90,0)-> (90, 0). 2. Right (South) 20 m −>(90,−20)-> (90, -20). 3. Right (West) 30 m −>(60,−20)-> (60, -20). 4. North 100 m −>(60,−20+100)=(60,80)-> (60, -20 + 100) = (60, 80). Shortest distance from origin: d=602+802=3600+6400=10000=100 metersd = \sqrt{60^2 + 80^2} = \sqrt{3600 + 6400} = \sqrt{10000} = 100\text{ meters}. Choice C.
अंतिम निर्देशांक: (60,80)(60, 80)। शुरुआती बिंदु से न्यूनतम दूरी =602+802=10000=100= \sqrt{60^2 + 80^2} = \sqrt{10000} = 100 मीटर। सही विकल्प C है।
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618📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringCapacitors & Electrostatics
The distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is tripled while keeping other parameters unchanged. The new capacitance will become:
Explanation
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is inversely proportional to plate separation distance: C=εAdC = \frac{\varepsilon A}{d}. When d′=3dd' = 3d, new capacitance C′=εA3d=C3C' = \frac{\varepsilon A}{3d} = \frac{C}{3} (One-third of initial capacitance). Choice B.
समानांतर प्लेट संधारित्र की धारिता C∝1/dC \propto 1/d होती है। प्लेटों के बीच की दूरी तीन गुनी करने पर धारिता 'एक-तिहाई' (One-third) रह जाएगी। सही विकल्प B है।
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619📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringSemiconductor Diodes
Read the below statements regarding a p-n junction diode:
I. Diode is an uncontrolled device
II. Diode is a rectifying device
III. Diode is a unidirectional device
IV. Diode has three terminals
Which of the above mentioned statements is FALSE regarding a p-n junction diode?
Explanation
Statement IV is completely false: A p-n junction diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device (anode and cathode), not a three-terminal device. Statements I, II, and III are all correct physical properties. Correct: Only IV is false (Choice B).
कथन IV असत्य है क्योंकि डायोड में केवल दो टर्मिनल (एनोड और कैथोड) होते हैं, तीन नहीं (ट्रांजिस्टर में तीन होते हैं)। सही विकल्प B है।
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620📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringDC Machines (Armature Winding)
In DC machine armature winding, which of the following represents the Commutator Pitch (YcY_c)?
Explanation
Commutator Pitch (YcY_c) is defined as the distance measured around the commutator (expressed as the number of commutator segments) between the two segments to which the two ends of an armature coil are connected. Choice C.
कम्यूटेटर पिच (YcY_c) कम्यूटेटर खंडों की वह संख्या है जिसके बीच एक ही आर्मेचर कॉइल के दो सिरे जुड़े होते हैं।
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621📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyMolecular Genetics (DNA Replication)
In cellular DNA replication, which enzyme is directly responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of the new complementary DNA strand by adding deoxynucleotides to a free 3'-OH end?
Explanation
DNA Polymerase (such as DNA Pol III in prokaryotes or Pol δ/ε\delta/\varepsilon in eukaryotes) synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5′−>3′5' -> 3' direction by adding complementary deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs).
डीएनए प्रतिकृति में नए न्यूक्लियोटाइड्स जोड़कर नई श्रृंखला का निर्माण करने वाला मुख्य एंजाइम 'डीएनए पॉलीमरेज़' (DNA polymerase) है।
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622📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeBiodiversity Hotspots of India
Which among the following geographical regions is officially recognized as a global Biodiversity Hotspot in India?
Explanation
India is home to four globally recognized biodiversity hotspots: 1. The Western Ghats (and Sri Lanka), 2. The Himalayas, 3. Indo-Burma, and 4. Sundaland. The Western Ghats is the prominent hotspot listed. Choice C.
भारत में वैश्विक जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट के रूप में मान्यता प्राप्त क्षेत्र 'पश्चिमी घाट' (Western Ghats) है।
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623📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyFungal Biology
Which of the following biological statements about Kingdom Fungi are true?
I. Fungi are autotrophic organisms.
II. Fungi absorb nutrients from dead organic material (heterotrophic absorptive nutrition).
III. Fungi are always multicellular.
IV. Fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements II and IV are correct: Fungi are strictly heterotrophic, obtaining nutrition by extracellular digestion and absorption of organic matter as saprotrophs, parasites, or mutualists (II), and reproduce via sexual (ascospores, basidiospores) and asexual spores (conidia, sporangiospores) (IV). Statement I is false (fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize). Statement III is false (yeasts are unicellular fungi). Choice C (II, IV).
कथन II और IV सही हैं (कवक विषमपोषी अवशोषक होते हैं और लैंगिक व अलैंगिक दोनों प्रकार से प्रजनन करते हैं; कवक स्वपोषी नहीं होते और यीस्ट एककोशिकीय होता है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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624📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeEcosystem Energetics & Nutrient Cycling
Which of the following statements about ecosystem trophic structure and energetics are true?
I. An ecosystem fundamentally includes both biotic and abiotic components interacting together.
II. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a one-way, non-cyclic direction.
III. In an ecosystem, mineral nutrients are recycled continuously, while energy is not recycled.
IV. Primary producers in an ecosystem are typically herbivores.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements I, II, and III are fundamental ecological laws: Ecosystems comprise biotic and abiotic components (I), energy flows unidirectionally from the sun and dissipates as metabolic heat (II), and biochemical nutrients are recycled biogeochemically while energy is never recycled (III). Statement IV is false because primary producers are autotrophs (photosynthetic plants/algae), whereas herbivores are primary consumers. Choice A (I, II, III).
कथन I, II और III सही हैं (पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में जैविक व अजैविक घटक होते हैं, ऊर्जा का प्रवाह एकदिशीय होता है और पोषक तत्व पुनर्चक्रित होते हैं लेकिन ऊर्जा नहीं; प्राथमिक उत्पादक स्वपोषी पौधे होते हैं, शाकाहारी नहीं)। सही विकल्प A है।
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625📚Biostatistics, Hypothesis Testing & Research MethodologyStatistical Tests Matching
Match the following inferential statistical tests in Column -A with their appropriate research applications in Column -B:
Column - A:
1. One-Way ANOVA
2. Chi-square Test of Independence
3. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (rr)
4. Independent Samples t-test

Column - B:
i. Comparing the means of more than two independent experimental groups
ii. Testing the statistical association between categorical contingency variables
iii. Assessing the linear relationship between two continuous variables
iv. Comparing the difference between the means of two independent groups

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> i (ANOVA tests differences among three or more group means), 2 -> ii (Chi-square test of independence analyzes frequencies in categorical contingency tables), 3 -> iii (Pearson's rr evaluates the strength and direction of linear correlation between continuous variables), 4 -> iv (Independent tt-test compares two group means). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-i (ANOVA - दो से अधिक समूहों के माध्य की तुलना), 2-ii (काई-वर्ग परीक्षण - श्रेणीबद्ध चरों के बीच संबंध), 3-iii (पियर्सन गुणांक - दो चरों में रैखिक संबंध), 4-iv (t-परीक्षण - दो स्वतंत्र समूहों के माध्य की तुलना)। सही विकल्प A है।
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626📚Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics & MicrobiologyMembrane Biochemistry (Lipid Translocases)
Match the enzymes and translocases in Column -A with their biological function in Column -B:
Column -A:
1. Lipases
2. Flippases
3. Floppases
4. Scramblases

Column - B:
i. ATP-dependent inward translocation of aminophospholipids (PE and PS) from the extracellular to the cytosolic leaflet
ii. ATP-dependent outward translocation of plasma membrane phospholipids from the cytosolic to the extracellular leaflet
iii. Catalyze the enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids
iv. ATP-independent bidirectional scrambling of membrane phospholipids down their concentration gradient

Choose the correct combination:
Explanation
1 -> iii (Lipases hydrolyze ester bonds of triglycerides), 2 -> i (Flippases are P-type ATPases moving phospholipids inward from outer to inner leaflet), 3 -> ii (Floppases are ABC transporters moving phospholipids outward from inner to outer leaflet), 4 -> iv (Scramblases are Ca2+Ca^{2+}-activated bidirectional transporters facilitating passive equilibrium). Correct match: 1-iii, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-iii (लाइपेज - ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स का जलअपघटन), 2-i (फ्लिपेज - बाहरी से आंतरिक झिल्ली में एटीपी-आधारित परिवहन), 3-ii (फ्लोपेज - आंतरिक से बाहरी झिल्ली में परिवहन), 4-iv (स्क्रैम्ब्लेज - सांद्रता प्रवणता के अनुसार द्विदिशीय संचलन)। सही विकल्प A है।
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627📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeConservation Ecology Categories
Match the biodiversity-related ecological terms in Column -A with their representative wildlife examples in Column -B:
Column -A:
1. Keystone species
2. Invasive species
3. Endemic species
4. Flagship species

Column - B:
i. Elephants in African savannas (maintains open grasslands)
ii. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in freshwater lakes
iii. Giant panda in China (symbol of conservation)
iv. Lion-tailed macaque in Western Ghats rainforests of India

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
1 -> i (African elephants act as keystone ecosystem engineers knocking down trees to maintain savannas), 2 -> ii (Water hyacinth is an aggressive invasive alien weed clogging aquatic ecosystems), 3 -> iv (Lion-tailed macaque is strictly endemic to the Western Ghats of India), 4 -> iii (The Giant Panda is the classic global flagship ambassador species). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-iii (Choice A).
1-i (कीस्टोन प्रजाति - अफ्रीकी हाथी), 2-ii (आक्रामक विदेशी प्रजाति - जलकुंभी), 3-iv (स्थानिक प्रजाति - पश्चिमी घाट का लायन-टेल्ड मकाक), 4-iii (फ्लैगशिप प्रजाति - जायंट पांडा)। सही विकल्प A है।
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628📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeBiosphere Reserves of India
Match the iconic Biosphere Reserves of India in Column - A with the States in which they are located in Column - B:
Column - A (Biosphere Reserve):
1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
2. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
3. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
4. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

Column - B (State):
i. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka
ii. Uttarakhand
iii. West Bengal
iv. Tamil Nadu

Options:
Explanation
1 -> i (Nilgiri was India's first biosphere reserve established in 1986 across TN, Kerala, and Karnataka), 2 -> ii (Nanda Devi is situated in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand), 3 -> iii (Sundarbans mangrove delta is located in West Bengal), 4 -> iv (Gulf of Mannar marine reserve lies along coastal Tamil Nadu). Correct match: 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv (Choice A).
1-i (नीलगिरि - तमिलनाडु, केरल, कर्नाटक), 2-ii (नंदा देवी - उत्तराखंड), 3-iii (सुंदरबन - पश्चिम बंगाल), 4-iv (मन्नार की खाड़ी - तमिलनाडु)। सही विकल्प A है।
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629📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningElectron Beam Radiotherapy & Bolus
A patient is set to 100 cm SSD for treatment with an electron beam. One cm of bolus is then added to cover the entire field. The SSD that should be used to calculated the MUs to deliver the desired dose is:
Explanation
In electron beam radiotherapy, when bolus is placed on the patient's skin surface, clinical protocol requires setting the patient treatment distance so that the top surface of the bolus is positioned at the nominal calibrated source-to-surface distance (SSD = 100 cm), which matches the machine calibration geometry and cone factor measurements.
इलेक्ट्रॉन बीम उपचार में बोलस लगाते समय सेटअप इस प्रकार किया जाता है कि बोलस की ऊपरी सतह मानक 100 सेमी SSD पर रहे, ताकि MU गणना 100 cm SSD के अनुसार सही हो। सही विकल्प C है।
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630📚Brachytherapy, Nuclear Medicine Physics & Radiotherapy QARadiotherapy Quality Assurance (AAPM TG-142)
According to the AAPM Task Group 142 report, all of the following are daily QA checks except ________
Explanation
Under AAPM Task Group 142 recommendations for linac quality assurance, Light Field/Radiation Field Coincidence is classified as a Monthly QA procedure (tolerance 2 mm). Daily checks include X-ray/electron output constancy (3%), door interlocks, audiovisual monitors, laser alignment (1-2 mm), optical distance indicator (ODI), and collimator size indicators.
AAPM TG-142 रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 'लाइट फील्ड और रेडिएशन फील्ड संयोग' (Light field/radiation field coincidence) एक मासिक (Monthly) QA चेक है, दैनिक नहीं। सही विकल्प B है।
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631📚Diagnostic Radiology Physics, Biomedical Instrumentation & Applied MathematicsDigital Logic Gates
Which of the following logic gates has the truth table where the output is true only when at least one input is true?
Explanation
An OR gate performs logical disjunction: its output is TRUE (1) whenever at least one of its inputs is TRUE (i.e. if either input is 1, or both are 1).
OR गेट का आउटपुट तब सत्य (1) होता है जब कम से कम एक इनपुट सत्य (1) हो। सही विकल्प B है।
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632📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningLinear Accelerator Geometry & Field Size
The collimator setting is the field length and width as defined at the level of the ________
Explanation
By international radiation therapy convention, the collimator field size setting (W×LW \times L) is universally calibrated and defined at the nominal machine isocenter (typically at a source-to-axis distance of 100 cm100\text{ cm}).
रेडिएशन थेरेपी में कोलिमेटर फील्ड साइज सेटिंग को अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानक के अनुसार लीनैक के 'आइसोसेंटर' (Isocenter - 100 cm SAD) पर परिभाषित किया जाता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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633📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningPatient Geometry & Separation Calculations
A patient is treated with an isocentric AP/PA setup on a linac. The anterior SSD is 86 cm, and the posterior SSD is 92 cm. The patient's AP/PA separation is ________
Explanation
In an isocentric setup, the linac isocenter is at a distance of 100 cm100\text{ cm} from the radiation source (SAD = 100 cm):
- Anterior depth to isocenter = 100−SSDant=100−86=14 cm100 - \text{SSD}_{\text{ant}} = 100 - 86 = 14\text{ cm}.
- Posterior depth to isocenter = 100−SSDpost=100−92=8 cm100 - \text{SSD}_{\text{post}} = 100 - 92 = 8\text{ cm}.
Total AP/PA separation =14 cm+8 cm=22 cm= 14\text{ cm} + 8\text{ cm} = 22\text{ cm}.
आइसोसेंट्रिक 100 cm SAD सेटअप में:
अग्र गहराई = 100−86=14 cm100 - 86 = 14\text{ cm}
पश्च गहराई = 100−92=8 cm100 - 92 = 8\text{ cm}
मरीज का कुल AP/PA सेपरेशन =14+8=22 cm= 14 + 8 = 22\text{ cm}। सही विकल्प C है।
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634📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningBeam Penumbra & Collimator Design
Of the following parameters, ________ does NOT influence the physical penumbra.
Explanation
The physical penumbra (the lateral distance between the 80% and 20% isodose levels) is composed of geometric penumbra (P=s(SSD+d−SDD)/SDDP = s(SSD + d - SDD)/SDD), transmission through collimator edges, and lateral electron transport/scatter (which depends on beam energy and depth). Rotating the gantry around the patient does not alter these physical beam characteristics.
भौतिक पेनम्ब्रा स्रोत के आकार, गहराई, ऊर्जा और SDD पर निर्भर करता है; गैन्ट्री का कोण (Gantry angle) बदलने से भौतिक पेनम्ब्रा पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता। सही विकल्प C है।
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635📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningTotal Body Irradiation (TBI) Dosimetry
Placing a single in-vivo dosimeter at the prescription point for a TBI treatment can verify that ________
Explanation
In Total Body Irradiation (TBI) performed at extended distances (e.g., 3 to 5 meters), a single entrance in-vivo dosimeter (diode or TLD) placed at the central prescription axis directly verifies that the geometric inverse-square setup distance (intended extended SSD) and delivered output are correct. Verifying dose homogeneity requires an array of dosimeters across multiple anatomical sites (head, neck, thorax, pelvis, ankles).
TBI उपचार में प्रिस्क्रिप्शन बिंदु पर एक सिंगल इन-विवो डोसीमीटर लगाकर यह सत्यापित किया जाता है कि मरीज इच्छित विस्तारित दूरी (intended SSD) पर सही सेटअप में है। सही विकल्प A है।
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636📚Radiation Protection, Shielding, Radiobiology & Waste ManagementRadiation Protection Instrumentation
Survey meters must be calibrated:
Explanation
Under national and international regulatory standards (AERB in India, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission 10 CFR 35), portable radiation survey meters used for radiation safety monitoring must be calibrated at least once every 12 months (annually) and following any instrument repair.
विकिरण सुरक्षा नियमों के तहत पोर्टेबल रेडिएशन सर्वे मीटरों का अंशांकन (कैलिब्रेशन) प्रतिवर्ष (Annually) कराया जाना अनिवार्य है। सही विकल्प B है।
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637📚Radiation Oncology Physics, Linac Dosimetry & Treatment PlanningTotal Body Irradiation (TBI) Setup
The maximum collimator setting on a linac is 40x40 cm at 100cm SAD. To cover a TBI patient 5 ft. 4 in. (160 cm) tall, with no collimator rotation, the patient's midline must be at a minimum distance of ________ cm
Explanation
By linear beam divergence:
Field Size at dd=Collimator Size at 100 cm100 cm  ⟹  160 cmd=40 cm100 cm  ⟹  d=100×16040=400 cm\frac{\text{Field Size at } d}{d} = \frac{\text{Collimator Size at } 100\text{ cm}}{100\text{ cm}} \implies \frac{160\text{ cm}}{d} = \frac{40\text{ cm}}{100\text{ cm}} \implies d = 100 \times \frac{160}{40} = 400\text{ cm}.
बीम प्रसार के नियम से, 160 सेमी लंबे मरीज को बिना कोलिमेटर घुमाए कवर करने के लिए आवश्यक दूरी d=100×16040=400 cmd = 100 \times \frac{160}{40} = 400\text{ cm} होगी। सही विकल्प C है।
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638📚Radiation Protection, Shielding, Radiobiology & Waste ManagementTransport Regulations & Transport Index
In the context of transporting radionuclides, what does the term "transport index" (TI) refer to?
Explanation
Under IAEA and DOT/NRC transport regulations, the Transport Index (TI) is a single dimensionless number assigned to a package containing radioactive material, defined as the maximum radiation dose rate measured in millirem per hour (mrem/hr) at a distance of 1 meter from the external surface of the package.
रेडियोधर्मी पदार्थों के परिवहन में 'ट्रांसपोर्ट इंडेक्स' (TI) पैकेज की बाहरी सतह से 1 मीटर की दूरी पर अधिकतम विकिरण स्तर (mrem/hr में) का माप होता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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639📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsWork, Power & Energy
A block of mass 4kg is placed on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal force F_1 =10N and another force F_2 =5 N at an angle of 60° to the horizontal act on the block simultaneously in the same direction. If the block moves 3m horizontally, calculate the total work done on the block.
Explanation
Total horizontal force acting in the direction of motion:
Fx=F1+F2cos⁡60∘=10 N+5×0.5 N=10+2.5=12.5 NF_{x} = F_1 + F_2 \cos 60^\circ = 10\text{ N} + 5 \times 0.5\text{ N} = 10 + 2.5 = 12.5\text{ N}.
Total work done over horizontal displacement s=3 ms = 3\text{ m}:
W=Fx×s=12.5 N×3 m=37.5 JW = F_x \times s = 12.5\text{ N} \times 3\text{ m} = 37.5\text{ J}.
क्षैतिज दिशा में कुल प्रभावी बल Fx=F1+F2cos⁡60∘=10+5(0.5)=12.5 NF_x = F_1 + F_2 \cos 60^\circ = 10 + 5(0.5) = 12.5\text{ N}।
कुल किया गया कार्य W=Fx×s=12.5×3=37.5 JW = F_x \times s = 12.5 \times 3 = 37.5\text{ J}। सही विकल्प C है।
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640📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsAtmospheric Physics & Structure
Arrange the following layers in chronological order of their distance above the earth's surface.
1. Troposphere
2. Exosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Stratosphere
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In order of increasing altitude from the Earth's surface outward:
1. Troposphere (0 to ~12 km)
5. Stratosphere (~12 to 50 km)
3. Mesosphere (~50 to 85 km)
4. Thermosphere (~85 to 600 km)
2. Exosphere (> 600 km).
Thus, the correct sequence is 1, 5, 3, 4, 2. Choice C.
पृथ्वी की सतह से ऊपर बढ़ते क्रम में वायुमंडल की परतें:
1. क्षोभमंडल (Troposphere) -> 5. समताप मंडल (Stratosphere) -> 3. मध्यमंडल (Mesosphere) -> 4. तापमंडल (Thermosphere) -> 2. बाह्यमंडल (Exosphere)।
अतः सही क्रम 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 है। सही विकल्प C है।
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641📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsMagnetic Forces Between Conductors
If two wires carrying current in the same direction are moved closer together, what happens to the magnitude and nature of force between them?
Explanation
According to Ampere's force law, parallel conductors carrying currents in the same direction attract each other. The magnetic force per unit length is F/L=μ0I1I22πdF/L = \frac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2\pi d}. Because force is inversely proportional to separation distance dd, moving the wires closer together increases the magnitude of the attractive force.
एक ही दिशा में धारा ले जाने वाले दो समानांतर तार एक-दूसरे को आकर्षित करते हैं। जब उन्हें पास लाया जाता है (दूरी dd घटती है), तो आकर्षण बल का परिमाण बढ़ जाता है (Increases and attractive)। सही विकल्प C है।
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642📚Physical Sciences & Engineering PhysicsWave Optics & Interference
In Young's double-slit experiment, a fringe width of 0.6 mm is obtained when light of wavelength 600nm is used. Calculate the new fringe width when the wavelength is changed to 400nm, assuming the distance between the slits and the screen remains constant.
Explanation
Fringe width in Young's Double Slit Experiment is β=λDd\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d}. When slit separation dd and screen distance DD remain constant, fringe width is directly proportional to wavelength: β∝λ\beta \propto \lambda.
β2β1=λ2λ1  ⟹  β2=0.6 mm×(400 nm600 nm)=0.6×23=0.4 mm\frac{\beta_2}{\beta_1} = \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1} \implies \beta_2 = 0.6\text{ mm} \times \left(\frac{400\text{ nm}}{600\text{ nm}}\right) = 0.6 \times \frac{2}{3} = 0.4\text{ mm}.
यंग के द्वि-स्लिट प्रयोग में फ्रिंज चौड़ाई β=λDd∝λ\beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d} \propto \lambda होती है।
β2=β1(λ2λ1)=0.6×400600=0.4 mm\beta_2 = \beta_1 \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1}\right) = 0.6 \times \frac{400}{600} = 0.4\text{ mm}। सही विकल्प B है।
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643📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryChemical Toxicology & Hazard Ranking
Arrange the following chemicals in decreasing order of toxicity to humans:
Chemicals: Methyl Isocyanate, Hydrogen Cyanide, Methanol, Ammonia
Explanation
Based on acute human lethal toxicity and inhalation threshold values (IDLH and LC50):
- Hydrogen cyanide (HCNHCN) is an ultra-fast acting cellular asphyxiant that halts cellular respiration via cytochrome c oxidase inhibition (IDLH 50 ppm; rapidly fatal at >100 ppm).
- Methyl isocyanate (MICMIC) is a severely toxic volatile carbamoylating agent (IDLH 3 ppm).
- Ammonia (NH3NH_3) is acutely corrosive to respiratory tracts (IDLH 300 ppm).
- Methanol (CH3OHCH_3OH) is toxic upon ingestion of grams/deciliters (IDLH 6000 ppm).
Thus, the standard toxicological order is: hydrogen cyanide > methyl isocyanate > ammonia > methanol. Choice B.
मानव विषाक्तता का घटता क्रम: हाइड्रोजन सायनाइड > मिथाइल आइसोसाइनेट > अमोनिया > मेथनॉल है। सही विकल्प B है।
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644📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryMicrobiology & Antibiotic Susceptibility
What does a high MIC value indicate about a microorganism's susceptibility to an antibiotic?
Explanation
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial drug that visibly inhibits the in vitro growth of a microorganism. A high MIC indicates that substantially more drug is required to inhibit bacterial proliferation, meaning the bacterial strain is resistant to that antibiotic.
न्यूनतम निरोधात्मक सांद्रता (MIC) का उच्च मान यह दर्शाता है कि जीवाणु को रोकने के लिए अत्यधिक दवा चाहिए, अर्थात सूक्ष्मजीव उस एंटीबायोटिक के प्रति प्रतिरोधी (Resistant) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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645📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEcology & Energy Flow
What defines the single-channel energy flow in a food chain?
Explanation
In any ecological food chain, radiant solar energy captured by autotrophic primary producers passes successively to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in a strictly unidirectional (one-way, linear) flow, with significant energy continuously lost as respiratory metabolic heat that cannot be re-utilized by producers.
खाद्य श्रृंखला में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह एकदिशीय (Unidirectional / one-way linear direction) होता है जो उत्पादकों से उपभोक्ताओं की ओर बढ़ता है और कभी वापस नहीं लौटता। सही विकल्प B है।
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646📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEvolutionary Biology & Speciation
Which of the following species found in India demonstrates adaptive radiation?
Explanation
Adaptive radiation is the rapid diversification of an ancestral species into a variety of forms adapted to specialized ecological niches. In India, freshwater fish (such as hill-stream cyprinids and balitorid loaches across the Western Ghats and Himalayan river systems) showcase striking adaptive radiation in body morphologies adapted to fast-flowing torrential waters.
भारत में पाई जाने वाली मीठे पानी की मछलियां (Indian freshwater fish) विभिन्न जलीय आवासों के अनुकूलन के लिए अनुकूली विकिरण (Adaptive radiation) का उत्कृष्ट उदाहरण हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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647📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyGenetics & Gene Mapping
When F1 Drosophila of genotype AaBbCc is test crossed, the following progenies were obtained:
Progeny classes: ABC: 22, Abc: 28, AbC: 26, abc: 24, Abc: 220, aBC: 225, abC: 225 | Total: 1000
The statements below are conclusions derived from the above result.
i. Genes a and b are linked in trans
ii. Genes a and b are linked in cis
iii. Genes a and b are linked in cis, while b and c are linked in trans
iv. The genotypes of parents are AABB and aabb
v. The genotype of the parents are AAbb and aaBB
vi. Genes a and b are 10 cm apart
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Analysis of the three-point test cross:
1. The parental non-crossover classes (the most frequent, ~225 each) carry combinations (Ab) and (aB), indicating that alleles A and b are on one homolog and a and B are on the other. Thus, genes a and b are linked in trans (repulsion phase) -> (i), and parental genotypes were AAbb and aaBB -> (v).
2. The recombinant classes for a and b are those with (AB) and (ab): total recombinants = 22 + 28 + 26 + 24 = 100.
3. Map distance between a and b = 1001000×100%=10%=10 cM\frac{100}{1000} \times 100\% = 10\% = 10\text{ cM} (centiMorgans) -> (vi).
Therefore, statements i, v, and vi are correct. Choice C.
टेस्ट क्रॉस विश्लेषण से:
1. जनक वर्ग (Ab) और (aB) सर्वाधिक हैं, अतः जीन trans अवस्था (repulsion) में जुड़े हैं (i) और जनक AAbb व aaBB थे (v)।
2. पुनर्संयोजन आवृत्ति =1001000×100%=10 cM= \frac{100}{1000} \times 100\% = 10\text{ cM} है (vi)।
अतः कथन i, v और vi सही हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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648📚Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology & EcologyEcology & Energy Flow
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
Assertion (A): Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional.
Reason (R): Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels due to heat loss.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Energy captured from solar radiation by photosynthetic autotrophs cannot revert back to the sun; at every successive trophic transfer (herbivore, carnivore), 90% of the ingested energy is degraded and irreversibly lost as non-usable metabolic heat to the environment, enforcing a strictly unidirectional, non-cyclic flow of energy. Choice A.
प्रक्कथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सत्य हैं और कारण प्रक्कथन की सही व्याख्या करता है। प्रत्येक पोषण स्तर पर चयापचय ऊष्मा के रूप में ऊर्जा का अपव्यय होने के कारण पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में ऊर्जा का प्रवाह सदैव एकदिशीय होता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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649📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityHCF & LCM
Find the least number which is divisible by 9, 15, and 21.
Explanation
The least number divisible by 9, 15, and 21 is their Least Common Multiple (LCM). Prime factorizations: 9=329 = 3^2, 15=3×515 = 3 \times 5, 21=3×721 = 3 \times 7. LCM=32×5×7=9×35=315\text{LCM} = 3^2 \times 5 \times 7 = 9 \times 35 = 315.
9, 15 और 21 से विभाज्य सबसे छोटी संख्या उनका ल.स. (LCM) होगी: 32×5×7=3153^2 \times 5 \times 7 = 315। सही विकल्प A है।
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650📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Distance & Time
A car can go from point A to point B in 4 hours if he is travelling at 50 kmph. How fast must he go to reach the same destination in 2.5 hours?
Explanation
Distance between A and B =Speed×Time=50 km/h×4 hours=200 km= \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 50\text{ km/h} \times 4\text{ hours} = 200\text{ km}. Required speed for 2.5 hours =200 km2.5 hours=80 km/h= \frac{200\text{ km}}{2.5\text{ hours}} = 80\text{ km/h}.
दूरी = 50 \times 4 = 200\text{ किमी}। 2.5 घंटे में पहुंचने के लिए आवश्यक गति = \frac{200}{2.5} = 80\text{ किमी/घंटा}। सही विकल्प A है।
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651📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Distance & Time
A farmer travelled a distance of 48 km in 7 hours. He travelled partly on foot at 4 km/hr and partly on bicycle @ 9 km/hr. The distance travelled on foot is _____ (in km).
Explanation
Let the time spent on foot be tt hours. Then time on bicycle is (7−t)(7 - t) hours. Total distance =4t+9(7−t)=48  ⟹  4t+63−9t=48  ⟹  5t=15  ⟹  t=3 hours= 4t + 9(7 - t) = 48 \implies 4t + 63 - 9t = 48 \implies 5t = 15 \implies t = 3\text{ hours}. Distance travelled on foot =4 km/h×3 hours=12 km= 4\text{ km/h} \times 3\text{ hours} = 12\text{ km}.
माना पैदल चलने का समय tt घंटे है: 4t+9(7−t)=48  ⟹  5t=15  ⟹  t=34t + 9(7 - t) = 48 \implies 5t = 15 \implies t = 3 घंटे। पैदल तय की गई दूरी = 4 \times 3 = 12\text{ किमी}। सही विकल्प C है।
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652📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityProbability
A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting at least two heads?
Explanation
Total possible outcomes =23=8= 2^3 = 8. Favorable outcomes with at least two heads (2 heads or 3 heads) are: {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} (4 outcomes). Probability =48=12= \frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}.
कुल परिणाम =8= 8। कम से कम दो चित्त (Head) वाले परिणाम: {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} (4 परिणाम)। प्रायिकता =48=12= \frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}। सही विकल्प A है।
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653📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
A person is facing east. They turn 90° clockwise, then 180° clockwise, and then 90° anti-clockwise. In which direction is the person facing now?
Explanation
Net angular displacement =+90∘ (CW)+180∘ (CW)−90∘ (ACW)=+180∘= +90^\circ \text{ (CW)} + 180^\circ \text{ (CW)} - 90^\circ \text{ (ACW)} = +180^\circ. Turning 180∘180^\circ from East faces directly opposite, which is West.
कुल मोड़ =+90∘+180∘−90∘=180∘= +90^\circ + 180^\circ - 90^\circ = 180^\circ। पूर्व से 180∘180^\circ घूमने पर व्यक्ति पश्चिम (West) दिशा की ओर होगा। सही विकल्प C है।
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654📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
Raj walks 10 meters north, then 10 meters east, then 10 meters south, and then 10 meters west. After completing this square, he walks 5 meters north and 5 meters west. How far is Raj from his starting point?
Explanation
After walking 10m North, 10m East, 10m South, and 10m West, Raj returns to his initial starting coordinate (0,0)(0,0). From there, he moves 5m North (y=+5y = +5) and 5m West (x=−5x = -5). His distance from the origin is d=(−5)2+52=25+25=50 md = \sqrt{(-5)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{25 + 25} = \sqrt{50}\text{ m}.
वर्ग पूरा करने के बाद राज वापस प्रारंभिक बिंदु (0,0) पर आ जाता है। फिर 5 मी उत्तर और 5 मी पश्चिम जाने पर दूरी = \sqrt{5^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{50}\text{ मी} होगी। सही विकल्प D है।
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655📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
There are 500 students in a class. 80 of them take French and 200 take Spanish. Some students take both languages. There are 300 students who take no language whatsoever. How many students take at least one language?
Explanation
The number of students taking at least one language is the union of French and Spanish students: n(F∪S)=Total students−n(neither)=500−300=200n(F \cup S) = \text{Total students} - n(\text{neither}) = 500 - 300 = 200.
कम से कम एक भाषा लेने वाले छात्र = \text{कुल छात्र} - \text{कोई भाषा न लेने वाले} = 500 - 300 = 200। सही विकल्प A है।
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656📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
There are 500 students in a class. 80 of them take French and 200 take Spanish. Some students take both languages. There are 300 students who take no language whatsoever. How many students take at least one language?
Explanation
Students taking at least one language =Total students−Students taking neither=500−300=200= \text{Total students} - \text{Students taking neither} = 500 - 300 = 200.
कम से कम एक भाषा लेने वाले छात्र =500−300=200= 500 - 300 = 200। सही विकल्प D है।
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657📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilitySet Theory & Venn Diagrams
In a class of 60 students, 35 students like Mathematics, 25 students like Science, 15 students like both Mathematics and Science
Question:
I) How many students like only Mathematics?
II) How many students like only Science?
III) How many students like at least one of the two subjects?
IV) How many students like neither subject?
Choose the Correct Option :
Explanation
Calculations:
I) Only Mathematics =35−15=20= 35 - 15 = 20.
II) Only Science =25−15=10= 25 - 15 = 10.
III) At least one subject =20+10+15=45= 20 + 10 + 15 = 45.
IV) Neither subject =60−45=15= 60 - 45 = 15.
Matching sequence: 20, 10, 45, 15. Choice D.
I) केवल गणित =35−15=20= 35 - 15 = 20
II) केवल विज्ञान =25−15=10= 25 - 15 = 10
III) कम से कम एक विषय =45= 45
IV) कोई विषय नहीं =60−45=15= 60 - 45 = 15। सही कूट 20, 10, 45, 15 है। सही विकल्प D है।
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658📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityClock & Direction Reasoning
Rachin put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M., the hour hand points to the North. In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M.?
Explanation
At 6 PM, the hour hand normally points South (6 o'clock). If it points North, the clock is rotated by 180∘180^\circ. At 9:15 PM, the minute hand points to 3 o'clock (normally East). Under a 180∘180^\circ rotation, East becomes West.
6 PM पर घंटे की सुई सामान्यतः दक्षिण में होती है, यहाँ उत्तर में है (180∘180^\circ विपरीत)। 9:15 PM पर मिनट की सुई 3 पर (पूर्व में) होती है, जो विपरीत होकर पश्चिम (West) की ओर इंगित करेगी। सही विकल्प C है।
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659📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection & Shadow Test
One morning, Umran and Abul were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Abul's shadow was exactly to the left of Umran, which direction was Umran facing?
Explanation
In the morning, the sun rises in the East, casting all shadows toward the West. Abul's shadow falls to the West. If the West direction is to Umran's left, Umran must be facing North.
सुबह सूर्य पूर्व में होता है जिससे छाया पश्चिम में बनती है। यदि पश्चिम उमरान के बाईं ओर है, तो उमरान का मुख उत्तर (North) दिशा की ओर है। सही विकल्प D है।
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660📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceModern Indian History
2nd Anglo-Mysore war ended with the _______?
Explanation
The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore in March 1784 between Tipu Sultan and Lord Macartney on behalf of the British East India Company, under the principle of status quo ante bellum.
दूसरा आंग्ल-मैसूर युद्ध (1780-1784) मार्च 1784 में टीपू सुल्तान और अंग्रेजों के बीच 'मैंगलोर की संधि' (Treaty of Mangalore) के साथ समाप्त हुआ था। सही विकल्प A है।
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661📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Agriculture & Soils
Which soil present in the hilly regions of South India make the area more suitable for the cultivation of Tea and Coffee?
Explanation
Laterite soils, formed by intense tropical leaching in high-rainfall hilly slopes (Western Ghats, Nilgiris, Shevaroy Hills), are rich in iron and aluminum oxides and acidic in nature, making them ideally suited for plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, and cashew.
दक्षिण भारत के पहाड़ी ढलानों पर पाई जाने वाली लेटराइट मिट्टी (Laterite soil) चाय और कॉफी की खेती के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त होती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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662📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceGeography of Jammu & Kashmir
Which Mountain range separates the Kashmir valley and from the Jammu region?
Explanation
The Pir Panjal Range (part of the Middle Himalayas) forms the southern barrier that physically separates the Kashmir Valley from the Jammu region, pierced by the Banihal and Jawahar tunnels.
पीर पंजाल पर्वतमाला (Pir Panjal Range) कश्मीर घाटी को जम्मू क्षेत्र से भौगोलिक रूप से अलग करती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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663📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceRivers & Glaciers of J&K
From which glacier, River Lidder originates?
Explanation
The Lidder River originates from the Kolahoi Glacier near Mount Kolahoi in the northwestern Himalayan range, flowing through Pahalgam before meeting the Jhelum River near Anantnag.
लिद्दर नदी (River Lidder) पहलगाम के उत्तर में स्थित कोलाहोई ग्लेशियर (Kolahoi glacier) से निकलती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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664📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsCrystallography & Elements of Symmetry
Which of the following statements about the elements of symmetry in a crystal system is correct?
1. A crystal belonging to the cubic system can exhibit a 6-fold axis of symmetry.
2. A center of symmetry is absent in all crystals with triclinic symmetry.
3. Mirror planes and inversion centers are incompatible in crystals with monoclinic symmetry.
4. Crystals in the hexagonal system exhibit only one 3-fold axis of symmetry.
Explanation
In classical crystallography, the triclinic system has the lowest symmetry (a≠b≠ca \neq b \neq c, α≠β≠γ≠90∘\alpha \neq \beta \neq \gamma \neq 90^\circ). In elementary classifications, triclinic crystals are often generalized as lacking symmetry elements (class 1 has no center of inversion, while class 1ˉ\bar{1} is pinacoidal). A cubic crystal possesses 23 symmetry elements (three 4-fold axes, four 3-fold axes, six 2-fold axes, 9 planes, and 1 center), but never a 6-fold axis (which belongs to hexagonal). Monoclinic class 2/m2/m has both a mirror plane and an inversion center. Hence, Option C ('2 only') is the examiner's designated answer.
क्रिस्टलोग्राफी में ट्राईक्लिनिक (Triclinic) सिस्टम सबसे कम सममित प्रणाली है। परिचयात्मक स्तर पर ट्राईक्लिनिक को समरूपता केंद्र से रहित माना जाता है (विकल्प C सही माना गया है)। क्यूबिक सिस्टम में 4-गुना, 3-गुना और 2-गुना अक्ष होते हैं, 6-गुना अक्ष केवल हेक्सागोनल सिस्टम में होता है।
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665📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsGroup Theory & Symmetry Operations
Arrange the following symmetry elements in increasing order of symmetry operations they represent (from least to most):
1) Inversion center (i)
2) Proper rotation axis (C_n)
3) Plane of symmetry (sigma)
4) Improper rotation axis (S_n)
Explanation
Symmetry elements generate symmetry operations:
- Inversion center (ii): generates only 1 non-trivial operation (ii, since i2=Ei^2 = E).
- Plane of symmetry (σ\sigma): generates 1 non-trivial operation (σ\sigma, since σ2=E\sigma^2 = E).
- Proper rotation axis (CnC_n): generates n−1n-1 non-trivial operations (Cn1,Cn2,…,Cnn−1C_n^1, C_n^2, \dots, C_n^{n-1}).
- Improper rotation axis (SnS_n): generates nn operations for even nn, and 2n2n operations for odd nn.
Thus, the increasing order of distinct symmetry operations generated is 1<3<2<41 < 3 < 2 < 4.
सममिति तत्व और उनके द्वारा उत्पन्न ऑपरेशन: इनवर्जन सेंटर (ii) केवल 1 ऑपरेशन (ii) उत्पन्न करता है; सममिति तल (σ\sigma) 1 ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है; CnC_n अक्ष n−1n-1 ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है; SnS_n अक्ष nn (सम nn) या 2n2n (विषम nn) ऑपरेशन उत्पन्न करता है। अतः बढ़ता क्रम: 1<3<2<41 < 3 < 2 < 4 (विकल्प A) है।
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666📚Stereochemistry, Molecular Structure & Symmetry ElementsRules of Resonance
Which of the following statements about the rule of resonance are correct?
1) Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule, where the positions of atoms do not change, only the positions of electrons.
2) Only resonance structures that are energetically equivalent contribute significantly to the resonance hybrid.
3) The major contributor to the resonance hybrid is the structure that has the least formal charge and the most covalent bonds.
4) Resonance hybrids are a true representation of the molecule, with the electron density distributed as an average of all resonance structures.
Explanation
Statements 1, 3, and 4 are fundamental resonance rules. Statement 2 is FALSE because non-equivalent resonance contributors can contribute significantly if they satisfy octets and place negative charges on electronegative atoms (e.g. in amides, the zwitterionic resonance contributor contributes ∼40%\sim 40\% to the hybrid despite being non-equivalent). Thus, 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
कथन 1, 3 और 4 सही हैं। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि गैर-समतुल्य (non-equivalent) अनुनादी संरचनाएं भी अनुनाद संकर में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देती हैं (जैसे एमाइड्स में द्विध्रुवीय रूप)। प्रमुख योगदानकर्ता वह होता है जिसमें पूर्ण अष्टक, अधिकतम सहसंयोजक आबंध और न्यूनतम औपचारिक आवेश हो। सही विकल्प B है।
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667📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryReactive Intermediates vs Transition States
Which of the following represents the correct order of stability for the following species in a typical organic reaction?
1) Carbocation
2) Carbanion
3) Free radical
4) Transition state
Explanation
A transition state is at the peak of a potential energy barrier with a non-existent lifetime (≈10−14\approx 10^{-14} seconds) and zero thermodynamic stability—it cannot be isolated or trapped. Reactive intermediates (carbocations, free radicals, carbanions) sit at potential energy minima with finite lifetimes, making them far more stable than a transition state. Thus, Transition State is the least stable species in any reaction coordinate. Option D represents this hierarchy.
संक्रमण अवस्था (Transition State) विभव ऊर्जा आरेख के शिखर पर होती है और इसका स्थायित्व शून्य होता है (न्यूनतम स्थायित्व)। मध्यवर्ती (कार्बधनायन, मूलक, कार्बेनायन) ऊर्जा गर्त में होते हैं और उनकी निश्चित आयु होती है। अतः संक्रमण अवस्था सबसे कम स्थिर होती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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668📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistrySN1 Kinetics & Influencing Factors
Consider the following three factors that influence the rate of an SN1 reaction: substrate, leaving group, and solvent. Arrange the following in order of their influence on the reactivity, from most to least significant.
i) Substrate (tertiary > secondary > primary)
ii) Leaving group (I- > Br- > Cl-)
iii) Solvent (polar protic > polar aprotic)
Which of the following is the correct order of influence on reactivity in an SN1 reaction?
Explanation
In an SN1 solvolysis reaction:
1. Substrate structure is paramount: the transition state carbocation stability varies over 10610^6 to 10910^9-fold between tertiary and primary substrates.
2. Leaving group ability directly controls the rate of the rate-determining C-X bond heterolysis (I>Br>ClI > Br > Cl).
3. Solvent polarity and ionizing power (polar protic solvents like H2O,EtOHH_2O, EtOH) stabilize carbocation and halide ions through hydrogen-bonding solvation.
Thus, the hierarchy of influence is: Substrate > Leaving group > Solvent (Option A).
SN1S_N1 अभिक्रिया की दर को प्रभावित करने वाले कारकों का महत्व क्रम: सबस्ट्रेट की संरचना (तृतीयक कार्बधनायन का स्थायित्व सबसे महत्वपूर्ण, 10610^6 गुना अंतर) > निष्कासित होने वाला समूह (I−>Br−>Cl−I^- > Br^- > Cl^-) > विलायक (ध्रुवीय प्रोटिक विलायक आयनीकरण को सुगम बनाते हैं)। सही क्रम विकल्प A है।
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669📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryInertness of Vinylic Halides
Which of the following carbon types is least likely to undergo nucleophilic substitution (SN2)?
Explanation
Vinylic halides (C=C−XC=C-X) are exceptionally inert to nucleophilic substitution because:
1. The halogen is attached to an sp2sp^2-hybridized carbon, which is more electronegative, making the C-X bond shorter, stronger, and harder to break.
2. The halogen lone pair delocalizes into the π\pi-system, giving the C-X bond partial double-bond character.
3. Backside attack required by the SN2 transition state is sterically and electrostatically blocked by the π\pi-electron cloud of the double bond.
Allylic carbons, conversely, are exceptionally reactive in SN2 due to allylic orbital overlap stabilization.
वाइनिलिक कार्बन (Vinylic carbon, C=C−XC=C-X) पर SN2S_N2 प्रतिस्थापन संभव नहीं है क्योंकि sp2sp^2 कार्बन का C-X आबंध छोटा और मजबूत होता है, अनुनाद के कारण आंशिक द्वि-आबंध लक्षण होता है, तथा द्वि-आबंध का π\pi-इलेक्ट्रॉन बादल न्यूक्लियोफाइल के पश्च आक्रमण को पूरी तरह रोकता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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670📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryDisubstituted Benzene Orientation
In the case of a benzene ring with two different substituents, how do the substituents affect the orientation of a new electrophilic substitution? Given a benzene ring with -OH (hydroxyl) at the ortho/para-directing position and -NO2 (nitro) at the meta-directing position, which of the following statements about the product distribution is correct?
Explanation
When a benzene ring possesses two substituents with competing directing effects, the strongly activating group (−OH-OH, a powerful +M+M activator) overwhelmingly dominates and dictates the orientation of substitution over a deactivating group (−NO2-NO_2, a −M-M deactivator). The −OH-OH directs incoming electrophiles to positions ortho and para to itself; for p-nitrophenol or o-nitrophenol, the ortho position to −OH-OH is simultaneously meta to −NO2-NO_2, reinforcing the directing effect. Statement A reflects this dual directional relationship.
जब बेंजीन वलय पर −OH-OH (प्रबल एक्टिवेटिंग, ऑर्थो/पैरा-निर्देशक) और −NO2-NO_2 (डी-एक्टिवेटिंग, मेटा-निर्देशक) दोनों उपस्थित हों, तो प्रबल एक्टिवेटिंग समूह (−OH-OH) का प्रभाव हावी होता है। −OH-OH के संदर्भ में ऑर्थो/पैरा स्थिति −NO2-NO_2 के संदर्भ में मेटा स्थिति के साथ संरेखित होती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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671📚Preventive & Curative Conservation, Museum Studies & Cultural HeritageFungal & Mold Control in Museums
Arrange the following preventive measures for controlling fungus growth on museum objects in the correct order (from least to most effective):
1. Regular inspection and monitoring of humidity levels.
2. Use of dehumidifiers to maintain optimal humidity.
3. Immediate removal of contaminated objects and treatment with antifungal solutions.
4. Storing objects in airtight containers to prevent moisture buildup.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Controlling fungal/mold outbreaks progresses in order of direct intervention:
1. Baseline environmental monitoring and humidity inspection.
2. Active mechanical climate control using dehumidifiers to keep relative humidity below 60%60\%.
3. Isolation, quarantine, and localized remedial antifungal treatment of infected objects.
4. Secure microclimate containment in sealed archival enclosures to permanently shield objects from ambient moisture. Option D (1, 2, 3, 4) matches this hierarchy.
फफूंद (Fungus) की रोकथाम के उपायों का क्रम: 1) आर्द्रता की नियमित निगरानी; 2) आर्द्रता 60%60\% से नीचे रखने के लिए डीह्यूमिडिफायर का उपयोग; 3) संक्रमित वस्तुओं को तुरंत अलग करना और एंटीफंगल उपचार; 4) नमी से सुरक्षित रखने के लिए वायुरोधी पात्रों में भंडारण। सही विकल्प D है।
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672📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
Who is known for popularizing the use of an air-release remote control to photograph birds in nests?
Explanation
In historical nature and bird photography in India, naturalists like O.C. Edwards pioneered and popularized the use of long pneumatic air-release bulb remote triggers, which allowed photographers to hide in hides or blinds and trip the camera shutter from a distance without disturbing birds at their nests.
पक्षियों के घोंसलों की फोटोग्राफी में पक्षियों को विचलित किए बिना दूर से शटर दबाने के लिए एयर-रिलीज रिमोट कंट्रोल (न्यूमेटिक बल्ब) के उपयोग को ओ.सी. एडवर्ड्स (O.C. Edwards) ने लोकप्रिय बनाया था। सही विकल्प C है।
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673📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersWildlife & Nature Photography
T.N.A. Perumal was a famous:
Explanation
Thanjavur Nateshachary Ayyamperumal (T.N.A. Perumal, 1932–2017) was one of India's most celebrated wildlife photographers and naturalists. Based in Karnataka, he spent over five decades documenting South Indian wildlife in black-and-white, receiving the National Award and Master of FIAP.
टी.एन.ए. पेरुमल (T.N.A. Perumal) भारत के एक प्रसिद्ध वन्यजीव फोटोग्राफर (Wildlife photographer) और प्रकृतिवादी थे। उन्होंने दक्षिण भारत के जंगलों और वन्यजीवों का व्यापक दस्तावेजीकरण किया। सही विकल्प A है।
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674📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleOptical Properties & Camera Components
Match the following and choose the correct option:
Column - I:
1) Is measured in line pair per millimetre
2) The distance between the lens's optical center and the camera's sensor
3) The eyepiece on a camera that you hold close to your eye, to allow you to see what's being photographed
4) Allow the camera to focus on near distances for large scales of reproduction

Column - II:
i) The Viewfinder
ii) Resolving power of a lens
iii) Focal length
iv) Supplementary close-up lenses

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching:
- 1) Resolving power of a lens: the optical ability to separate fine detail, quantified in line pairs per millimetre (lp/mmlp/mm) ightarrowightarrow ii.
- 2) Focal length: the optical distance from the lens's rear principal plane/center to the focal plane/sensor when focused at infinity ightarrowightarrow iii.
- 3) Viewfinder: the optical or electronic eyepiece through which the photographer frames the scene ightarrowightarrow i.
- 4) Supplementary close-up lenses (diopters): screw-on auxiliary lenses enabling closer minimum focus distances ightarrowightarrow iv.
Matching: 1 - ii, 2 - iii, 3 - i, 4 - iv (Option D).
लेंस की विभेदन क्षमता (Resolving power) को लाइन पेयर प्रति मिमी में मापा जाता है (1-ii); लेंस के केंद्र से सेंसर की दूरी को फोकल लेंथ कहते हैं (2-iii); व्यूफाइंडर आंख के पास रखकर फ्रेम देखने वाला भाग है (3-i); और सप्लीमेंट्री क्लोज-अप लेंस पास की वस्तुओं पर फोकस करने में मदद करते हैं (4-iv)। सही विकल्प D है।
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675📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleInfrared Photography
Long distance photography is facilitated by _________
Explanation
Atmospheric haze, water droplets, and smoke scatter visible light due to Rayleigh and Mie scattering (I∝1/λ4I \propto 1/\lambda^4). Infrared rays have much longer wavelengths (>700 nm>700\text{ nm}), allowing them to pass through haze with minimal scattering, making infrared photography uniquely suited for long-distance and high-altitude telephoto imaging.
लंबी दूरी की फोटोग्राफी (Long distance photography) इन्फ्रारेड किरणों (Infrared rays) द्वारा सुगम होती है, क्योंकि उनकी लंबी तरंग दैर्ध्य वायुमंडलीय धुंध और कणों को भेदकर स्पष्ट चित्र लेने में सक्षम होती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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676📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyStudio Lighting Principles
What is the name of the light that provides most of the illumination when lighting a scene?
Explanation
In three-point studio lighting, the Key Light is the dominant, primary source of illumination. It sets the overall exposure, establishes the direction of light, and models the subject's primary form and highlights.
तीन-बिंदु स्टूडियो प्रकाश व्यवस्था में 'की लाइट' (Key light) वह मुख्य और सबसे चमकदार प्रकाश स्रोत है जो दृश्य में अधिकांश रोशनी प्रदान करता है और मुख्य रूप तय करता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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677📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleMacro Photography
What is a characteristic of a macro lens?
Explanation
A true macro lens is optically engineered with a flat field and specialized floating elements that allow it to focus at very close subject distances to achieve life-size (1:11:1) reproduction ratios on tiny subjects (insects, flowers, jewelry).
मैक्रो लेंस (Macro lens) की प्रमुख विशेषता यह है कि यह अत्यंत निकट की छोटी वस्तुओं (जैसे कीड़े, फूल, गहने) पर फोकस करने और उन्हें वास्तविक आकार (1:11:1) में कैप्चर करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है। सही विकल्प B है।
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678📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleImage Stabilization Systems
What is the function of image stabilization in digital cameras?
Explanation
Image Stabilization (whether in-lens optical IS or in-body sensor-shift IBIS) uses gyroscopic motion sensors to detect camera vibrations and physically moves lens elements or the sensor in counter-directions to minimize image blur caused by involuntary hand tremors at slow shutter speeds.
इमेज स्टेबिलाइज़ेशन (Image stabilization) का मुख्य कार्य धीमी शटर स्पीड पर हाथ के हिलने या कैमरे की हलचल से होने वाले धुंधलेपन (blurring) को न्यूनतम करना है। सही विकल्प B है।
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679📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleFocus Techniques & Lens Features
Match the following and choose the correct option:
Column - I
1. The process of adjusting the depth of field of a camera lens to bring an image into focus without relying on autofocus or other technical AI
2. Is a method of ensuring that your final image is in focus by taking multiple shots of the same frame with different focuses
3. Can skew the size of objects in your images to be much smaller than they are in real life.
4. Is a feature on some manual focus lenses that attempts to give you a measure in feet or meters of how far your focus point is from the Camera.

Column-II
i. Wide angle lens
ii. Manual focus
iii. Focus stacking
iv. Focus distance window

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching:
- 1. Manual focus: manually turning the focus ring to achieve sharp focus without autofocus −>-> ii.
- 2. Focus stacking: capturing multiple frames at progressive focus distances and digitally blending them for infinite depth of field −>-> iii.
- 3. Wide angle lens: optical perspective distortion exaggerates distance and makes objects appear smaller −>-> i.
- 4. Focus distance window: lens barrel scale indicating the focused distance in meters/feet −>-> iv.
Correct matching: 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-iv (Option B).
मैनुअल फोकस में हाथ से फोकस किया जाता है (1-ii); फोकस स्टैकिंग में अलग-अलग फोकस वाली कई तस्वीरें जोड़ते हैं (2-iii); वाइड एंगल लेंस वस्तुओं को छोटा दिखाता है (3-i); और फोकस डिस्टेंस विंडो दूरी दर्शाती है (4-iv)। सही विकल्प B है।
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680📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyDiffused vs Direct Light
When diffusing incident light, the shadows will be more:
Explanation
Diffusing light through a translucent medium (such as a softbox, umbrella, or silk scrim) enlarges the apparent physical size of the light source, scattering the rays in multiple directions and producing softened shadows with gradual, smooth penumbral transitions.
जब आपतित प्रकाश को डिफ्यूज़र (जैसे सॉफ्टबॉक्स) के माध्यम से फैलाया जाता है, तो प्रकाश स्रोत बड़ा हो जाता है और बनने वाली परछाइयाँ अत्यधिक कोमल (Softened) और धुंधले किनारों वाली बनती हैं। सही विकल्प B है।
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681📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleFocal Length & Lens Compression
A photographer is taking images of a landscape scene with mountains in the distance. They use a specific lens to make the mountains appear closer to the foreground than they actually are. Which lens would give this effect?
Explanation
A Telephoto lens creates telephoto compression (perspective compression). By shooting from a long distance with a narrow field of view, spatial depth appears compressed, making distant background elements (like mountains) appear dramatically larger and closer to foreground subjects.
टेलीफोटो लेंस (Telephoto lens) परिप्रेक्ष्य संपीड़न (perspective compression) उत्पन्न करता है, जिससे पृष्ठभूमि में स्थित दूर के पहाड़ अग्रभूमि की वस्तुओं के बहुत करीब और बड़े दिखाई देते हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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682📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleDepth of Field Controlling Factors
How to decrease depth of field?
Explanation
Depth of field is determined by three variables: aperture, subject distance, and focal length. Depth of field decreases (becomes shallower) by:
1. Widening the aperture (lower f-number)
2. Moving closer to the subject
3. Lengthening the focal length (using a longer telephoto lens, e.g. 200mm vs 35mm). Statement C is correct.
डेप्थ ऑफ फील्ड (Depth of field) को कम (उथला) करने के लिए फोकल लंबाई को बढ़ाया जाता है (लंबे लेंस का उपयोग), एपर्चर को बड़ा किया जाता है, या विषय के अधिक करीब जाया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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683📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleMacro Photography Specifications
Consider the statement and choose the most appropriate option:
The key elements that define this genre are 'magnification' and 'minimum focusing distance.'
Explanation
Macro photography is technically defined by the lens reproduction ratio / magnification (typically 1:11:1 life-size reproduction on sensor) and the minimum focusing distance (the closest distance at which the lens can achieve sharp focus).
मैक्रो फोटोग्राफी (Macro photography) की तकनीकी पहचान उसके आवर्धन (magnification, जैसे 1:11:1) और न्यूनतम फोकसिंग दूरी (minimum focusing distance) द्वारा परिभाषित होती है। सही विकल्प B है।
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684📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyPhysics of Studio Lighting
Inverse square law in photography:
Explanation
The Inverse Square Law (I∝1/d2I \propto 1/d^2) states that the illuminance of light from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. In photography, it dictates the rate of light fall-off as distance between the light source and the subject/background increases.
फोटोग्राफी में व्युत्क्रम वर्ग नियम (Inverse square law, I∝1/d2I \propto 1/d^2) प्रकाश की तीव्रता में गिरावट (fall off of light) को दर्शाता है, जो प्रकाश स्रोत की दूरी के वर्ग के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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685📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyLighting Modifiers - Ring Light
What effect does using a ring light have in product photography?
Explanation
A ring light encircles the camera lens, emitting uniform, omnidirectional light directly on-axis with the camera. This produces nearly shadowless, perfectly even illumination that minimizes harsh textures and eliminates deep cast shadows.
रिंग लाइट (Ring light) लेंस के चारों ओर गोलाकार रूप में रोशनी बिखेरती है, जिससे विषय पर एकसमान रोशनी मिलती है और कठोर छाया लगभग समाप्त (Provides even lighting and reduces shadows) हो जाती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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686📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleAperture & Portrait Blur
If you were to shoot a portrait image which of the following aperture settings would most likely be your best option to blur the background?
Explanation
Background blur (shallow depth of field) is achieved by opening the aperture diaphragm to its widest aperture, represented by the lowest numerical f-number. Among the choices, f/2f/2 provides the largest physical opening and shallowest depth of field.
पोर्ट्रेट में पृष्ठभूमि को धुंधला (ब्लर) करने के लिए सबसे चौड़े एपर्चर यानी सबसे छोटी एफ-संख्या का चयन किया जाता है। दिए गए विकल्पों में f/2f/2 सबसे बड़ा एपर्चर है। सही विकल्प C है।
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687📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TrianglePortrait Focal Lengths
On a full frame 35mm DSLR camera, which of the following lenses would be best for portrait work?
Explanation
The 85mm prime lens is universally considered the ideal focal length for portrait photography on a full-frame camera. It provides a natural, flattering perspective of human facial features without perspective distortion, allows a comfortable working distance, and produces creamy background bokeh at wide apertures.
फुल-फ्रेम 35mm कैमरे पर पोर्ट्रेट फोटोग्राफी के लिए 85 मिमी (85 mm) लेंस को दुनिया भर में सर्वश्रेष्ठ माना जाता है, क्योंकि यह चेहरे के स्वाभाविक अनुपात को बनाए रखता है और सुंदर बैकग्राउंड ब्लर देता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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688📚Satellite Communications & Space SystemsKepler's Laws & Orbital Mechanics
A satellite orbits the Earth for a time period of 10 hours at a certain distance from the Earth's surface. If the distance between the satellite and Earth is increased to 8 times the original distance, how will the time period of the satellite change?
Explanation
By Kepler's Third Law: T2∝r3  ⟹  T2=T1(r2r1)3/2T^2 \propto r^3 \implies T_2 = T_1 \left(\frac{r_2}{r_1}\right)^{3/2}. Given r2/r1=8r_2/r_1 = 8: T2=10×83/2=10×(8)3=10×(22)3=10×162=160×1.4142≈226.27 hoursT_2 = 10 \times 8^{3/2} = 10 \times (\sqrt{8})^3 = 10 \times (2\sqrt{2})^3 = 10 \times 16\sqrt{2} = 160 \times 1.4142 \approx 226.27\text{ hours}.
केप्लर के तीसरे नियम से: T2∝r3  ⟹  T2=T1×83/2=10×162≈226.3T^2 \propto r^3 \implies T_2 = T_1 \times 8^{3/2} = 10 \times 16\sqrt{2} \approx 226.3 घंटे। सही विकल्प B है।
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689📚Satellite Communications & Space SystemsCelestial Coordinates
Which of the following sets of points on the celestial sphere defines the path of the Prime Vertical?
Explanation
In positional astronomy and celestial navigation, the Prime Vertical is the vertical circle passing through the observer's zenith, the nadir, and the true East and West cardinal points on the horizon.
खगोलीय यांत्रिकी में प्राइम वर्टिकल (Prime Vertical) वह ऊर्ध्वाधर वृत्त है जो प्रेक्षक के खमध्य (Zenith), पूर्व क्षितिज बिंदु और पश्चिम क्षितिज बिंदु से होकर गुजरता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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690📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringWave Propagation & Polarization
Which of the following types of waves can undergo polarization?
I. Surface waves on water (which are a combination of longitudinal and transverse components)
II. Electromagnetic waves (such as light)
III. Longitudinal sound waves traveling through a medium
IV. Transverse waves on a string (which have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of propagation)
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Polarization is a phenomenon exclusive to transverse waves where oscillations occur perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (e.g. electromagnetic waves II, transverse waves on a string IV). Pure longitudinal waves (like sound in air III) cannot be polarized because oscillations are strictly parallel to propagation.
ध्रुवण (Polarization) केवल अनुप्रस्थ (Transverse) तरंगों का गुण है, जैसे विद्युत चुंबकीय तरंगें (II) और डोरी पर अनुप्रस्थ तरंगें (IV)। अनुदैर्ध्य ध्वनि तरंगों (III) का ध्रुवण संभव नहीं है। सही विकल्प C है।
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691📚Signals, Digital Communications & ModulationMultiple Access Techniques (SDMA)
Which of the following statements is true for Spatial-Division Multiple Access (SDMA)?
Explanation
In Spatial-Division Multiple Access (SDMA), spatial separation (using directional narrow antenna beams and phased arrays) allows multiple distinct users to transmit simultaneously on the SAME frequency band at the SAME time without mutual interference.
एसडीएमए (SDMA) में स्थानिक पृथक्करण (दिशात्मक बीम) द्वारा कई उपयोगकर्ता एक ही समय (same time) पर और समान आवृत्ति (same frequency) का उपयोग करके सिग्नल संचारित कर सकते हैं। सही विकल्प D है।
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692📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringRadar & Lidar Ranging Principles
A van is moving in the same direction as a laser beam emitted by a transceiver. A laser pulse sent at t=0 s is reflected off the van and received back after 50 ns (nanosecond). Another pulse sent at t=0.2 s is received back after 40 ns. If the speed of light is 3x10^8 m/s, what is the average speed of the van during this interval?
Explanation
At t1=0t_1 = 0: d1=c×Δt12=3×108×50×10−92=7.5 md_1 = \frac{c \times \Delta t_1}{2} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \times 50 \times 10^{-9}}{2} = 7.5\text{ m}. At t2=0.2 st_2 = 0.2\text{ s}: d2=3×108×40×10−92=6.0 md_2 = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \times 40 \times 10^{-9}}{2} = 6.0\text{ m}. Distance change Δd=∣6.0−7.5∣=1.5 m\Delta d = |6.0 - 7.5| = 1.5\text{ m}. Speed =1.5 m0.2 s=7.5 m/s=7.5×3.6=27 km/h= \frac{1.5\text{ m}}{0.2\text{ s}} = 7.5\text{ m/s} = 7.5 \times 3.6 = 27\text{ km/h}.
पहली दूरी d1=(3×108×50×10−9)/2=7.5d_1 = (3 \times 10^8 \times 50 \times 10^{-9})/2 = 7.5 मीटर। 0.2 सेकंड बाद दूरी d2=6.0d_2 = 6.0 मीटर। तय दूरी =1.5= 1.5 मीटर। चाल =1.5/0.2=7.5= 1.5 / 0.2 = 7.5 मी/से =27= 27 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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693📚Electronic Devices, Circuits & Power SystemsPower Amplifiers - Class A
What is the advantage of a Class A amplifier despite its low efficiency?
Explanation
Class A amplifiers conduct for the full 360∘360^\circ cycle of the input waveform (IC>0I_C > 0 continuously). This full-cycle operation eliminates crossover distortion and provides the highest linearity and lowest harmonic distortion among all analog amplifier topologies.
क्लास A एम्पलीफायर की दक्षता (efficiency) कम होने के बावजूद इसका सबसे बड़ा लाभ इसकी 'उच्च रैखिकता' (High linearity) और न्यूनतम विकृति है क्योंकि यह पूरे 360∘360^\circ चक्र में चालन करता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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694📚Satellite Communications & Space SystemsSatellite Round-Trip Latency
A ground station transmits signals to a geostationary satellite positioned above the Earth. The satellite appears just above the station's location. Considering the signal travels at the speed of light, what will be the total round-trip time for the signal to reach the satellite and return to the ground station.
Explanation
Geostationary altitude h≈35,786 kmh \approx 35,786\text{ km}. Round-trip distance for zenith path: 2h=2×35,786=71,572 km2h = 2 \times 35,786 = 71,572\text{ km}. Round-trip propagation delay τ=2hc=71,572 km300,000 km/s≈0.2386 s≈239 ms\tau = \frac{2h}{c} = \frac{71,572\text{ km}}{300,000\text{ km/s}} \approx 0.2386\text{ s} \approx 239\text{ ms}.
भूस्थिर उपग्रह की दूरी ≈35,786\approx 35,786 किमी। राउंड ट्रिप दूरी =71,572= 71,572 किमी। प्रकाश की चाल से कुल समय τ=71572/300000≈0.239\tau = 71572 / 300000 \approx 0.239 सेकंड =239= 239 ms। सही विकल्प C है।
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695📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringRadio Horizon & Line of Sight
Considering Sky Wave propagation, if the height of transmitting and receiving antennas in a line-of-sight system is 49 m and 9 m, respectively, then the distance up to which communication may be possible is about:
Explanation
Line-of-Sight (LOS) horizon distance: d=2Rht+2Rhr≈3.57(ht+hr) km=3.57(49+9)=3.57(7+3)=35.7 km≈35 kmd = \sqrt{2 R h_t} + \sqrt{2 R h_r} \approx 3.57(\sqrt{h_t} + \sqrt{h_r})\text{ km} = 3.57(\sqrt{49} + \sqrt{9}) = 3.57(7 + 3) = 35.7\text{ km} \approx 35\text{ km}.
दृष्टि रेखा (LOS) संचार दूरी d=2Rht+2Rhr≈3.57(49+9)=3.57(7+3)≈35.7d = \sqrt{2Rh_t} + \sqrt{2Rh_r} \approx 3.57(\sqrt{49} + \sqrt{9}) = 3.57(7 + 3) \approx 35.7 किमी। सही विकल्प C है।
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696📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringAperture & Slot Antennas
Consider the following statement :
Statement (I): The radiation pattern of a slot antenna is similar to that of a dipole with plane reflection.
Statement (II): A slot antenna has a much higher gain than that of a horn antenna.
Which of the above statements are true?
Explanation
By Babinet's Principle, a thin slot antenna in a conducting plane is the dual of a dipole antenna, exhibiting a similar dipole-like radiation pattern with swapped E and H fields (Statement I is true). Horn antennas offer substantial directional gains (15−25 dBi15-25\text{ dBi}), far exceeding simple slot antennas (2−3 dBi2-3\text{ dBi}), making Statement II completely false.
बेबिने के सिद्धांत के अनुसार स्लॉट एंटीना का पैटर्न द्विध्रुव के सदृश होता है (I सत्य है)। हॉर्न एंटीना का गेन स्लॉट एंटीना से काफी अधिक होता है, अतः कथन II असत्य है। सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSB
697📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringHelical Antennas & Circular Polarization
Which of the following antenna structures is best for generating circularly polarised radiation?
I) Yagi-Uda
II) Parabolic
III) Helical
IV) Dipole
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
A helical antenna operating in the axial mode (end-fire mode) inherently generates highly directional Circularly Polarized (CP) waves over a wide bandwidth, making it the premier choice for space telemetry and satellite tracking.
हेलिकल एंटीना (Helical antenna) अपने अक्षीय मोड में स्वाभाविक रूप से गोलाकार रूप से ध्रुवीकृत (Circularly Polarised) विकिरण उत्पन्न करता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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698📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringFriis Transmission Equation
A transmitting antenna with a 300 MHz carrier frequency produces 2 KW of power. If both transmitting and receiving antennas have unity gain, the LOS power received by the receiving antenna at a distance of 1 km is
Explanation
Frequency f=300 MHz  ⟹  λ=3×108300×106=1 mf = 300\text{ MHz} \implies \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{300 \times 10^6} = 1\text{ m}. Distance d=1000 md = 1000\text{ m}, Pt=2000 WP_t = 2000\text{ W}, Gt=Gr=1G_t = G_r = 1. By Friis Transmission Formula: Pr=PtGtGr(λ4πd)2=2000×(14π×1000)2=20001.5791×108≈1.2665×10−5 W=12.7 μWP_r = P_t G_t G_r \left(\frac{\lambda}{4\pi d}\right)^2 = 2000 \times \left(\frac{1}{4\pi \times 1000}\right)^2 = \frac{2000}{1.5791 \times 10^8} \approx 1.2665 \times 10^{-5}\text{ W} = 12.7\text{ }\mu\text{W}.
फ्रीस संचरण सूत्र से: Pr=PtGtGr(λ/4πd)2P_r = P_t G_t G_r (\lambda / 4\pi d)^2। मान रखने पर: Pr=2000×(1/4000π)2≈12.7  μWP_r = 2000 \times (1 / 4000\pi)^2 \approx 12.7\;\mu\text{W}। सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSB
699📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringAntenna Types & Radiation Patterns
Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:
List -I:
(w) Helical antenna
(x) Dipole antenna
(y) Parabolic dish
(z) Array antenna

List-II:
(i) Donut-shaped radiation pattern
(ii) Circularly polarized radiation
(iii) Shaped beams
(iv) Satellite communication

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching:
- (w) Helical antenna: generates circularly polarized radiation −>-> (ii).
- (x) Dipole antenna: omnidirectional in azimuth, donut-shaped 3D pattern −>-> (i).
- (y) Parabolic dish: high gain aperture used in satellite communication earth terminals −>-> (iv).
- (z) Array antenna: synthesized phase feeds generate shaped beams −>-> (iii).
Matches: (w)-(ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(iii) (Option D).
हेलिकल एंटीना: गोलाकार ध्रुवण (ii); डायपोल: डोनट के आकार का पैटर्न (i); पैराबोलिक डिश: उपग्रह संचार (iv); और ऐरे एंटीना: शेप्ड बीम (iii)। सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSB
700📚Electromagnetics, Antennas & RF EngineeringAntenna Radiation Patterns
Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:
List -I (Antennas):
(w) Simple dipole
(x) Omni-directional antenna
(y) Loop antenna

List-II (Radiation Pattern):
(i) Circular pattern (circle)
(ii) Figure-8 pattern (horizontal lobes)
(iii) Figure-8 pattern / circular cross section
Explanation
In antenna 2D azimuth/elevation cuts: A dipole has a figure-eight directional pattern in the elevation plane (ii); an omni-directional antenna produces a uniform circular circle in the azimuthal plane (i); and an electrically small loop antenna has a figure-8 null pattern (iii). Matching: (w)-(ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iii) (Option D).
सिंपल डायपोल का पैटर्न फिगर-8 होता है (ii); ओमनी-डायरेक्शनल एंटीना का पैटर्न गोलाकार/समान (i) होता है। सही मिलान विकल्प D है।
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701📚Electronic Devices, Circuits & Power SystemsDevice Input Impedances
Consider the following devices:
I. BJT in CB mode
II. BJT in CE mode
III. JFET
IV. MOSFET
The correct sequence of these devices in increasing order of their input impedance is-
Explanation
Input impedance comparisons:
- BJT Common Base (I): lowest, around 20−50 Ω20-50\text{ }\Omega.
- BJT Common Emitter (II): medium, around 1−2 kΩ1-2\text{ k}\Omega.
- JFET (III): reverse-biased gate junction, around 108−109 Ω10^8-10^9\text{ }\Omega.
- MOSFET (IV): insulated silicon dioxide gate, highest (1012−1014 Ω10^{12}-10^{14}\text{ }\Omega).
Increasing order: I < II < III < IV (Option D).
इनपुट प्रतिबाधा का बढ़ता क्रम: BJT (CB मोड, ≈20 Ω\approx 20\,\Omega) < BJT (CE मोड, ≈1 kΩ\approx 1\,\text{k}\Omega) < JFET (108 Ω10^8\,\Omega) < MOSFET (1014 Ω10^{14}\,\Omega)। सही क्रम I, II, III, IV (विकल्प D) है।
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702📚Electronic Devices, Circuits & Power SystemsElectromagnetism - Fleming & Lenz Laws
Consider the following statements:
I. Fleming's rule is used when the induced EMF is due to flux cutting, i.e., in the case of motion of conductors through magnetic fields
II. Lenz's law is used when the induced EMF is due to a change in flux linkages
III. Lenz's law is indeed a direct consequence of the law of conservation of energy, as it ensures that the induced current opposes the change in flux that caused it
Which of the below statements is/are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are correct principles of electromagnetism:
- Fleming's Right-Hand Rule finds the direction of dynamically induced EMF (generator action / flux cutting, I).
- Lenz's Law determines the direction of statically induced EMF from changing flux linkages (II).
- Lenz's Law directly upholds the Law of Conservation of Energy by ensuring mechanical work must be done against electromagnetic opposition (III).
तीनों कथन सही हैं: फ्लेमिंग का नियम फ्लक्स-कटिंग (गतिज EMF) के लिए उपयोग होता है (I); लेंज का नियम फ्लक्स लिंकेज में परिवर्तन के लिए है (II); और लेंज का नियम ऊर्जा संरक्षण के नियम का प्रत्यक्ष परिणाम है (III)। सही विकल्प C है।
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703📚Electronic Devices, Circuits & Power SystemsIdeal Voltage Sources
Which of the following represents the V-I characteristics of an ideal voltage source?
(Plots show terminal voltage V vs current I)
Explanation
An ideal voltage source maintains a strictly constant terminal voltage regardless of the magnitude or direction of the current drawn by the external circuit (Rint=0R_{int} = 0), which is represented graphically by a flat horizontal line on a V-I plot (Plot C).
एक आदर्श वोल्टेज स्रोत का आंतरिक प्रतिरोध शून्य होता है, अतः करंट बदलने पर भी टर्मिनल वोल्टेज स्थिर रहता है, जिसे V-I आरेख पर एक क्षैतिज सीधी रेखा (Horizontal line - चित्र C) द्वारा दर्शाया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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704📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationRemote Sensing & GIS Applications
Which of the following statements are correct?
i. Remote sensing is the technique of collecting data about Earth's surface using aerial or satellite sensors.
ii. Geographic Information Systems is a computer-based tool for capturing, analysing, and presenting spatial data.
Options:
Explanation
Statement i correctly defines Remote Sensing (RS): obtaining reliable information about objects or the Earth's surface from a distance using electromagnetic radiation sensors aboard aircraft or satellites. Statement ii correctly defines Geographic Information System (GIS): a computerized system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced (spatial) data. Both statements are correct.
कथन i सुदूर संवेदन (Remote Sensing) की सही परिभाषा है (हवाई जहाज या उपग्रह सेंसर का उपयोग करके पृथ्वी की सतह का डेटा एकत्र करना)। कथन ii भौगोलिक सूचना प्रणाली (GIS) की सही परिभाषा है (स्थानिक डेटा का विश्लेषण और प्रबंधन करने वाला कंप्यूटर आधारित उपकरण)। अतः दोनों कथन सही हैं (विकल्प C)।
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705📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesSowing & Planting Methods
The process of placing seeds in holes made in the seedbed and closing the seed with soil is known as
Explanation
Dibbling is the planting method of punching holes in the seedbed at precise distances and depths using a dibbler or hand tool, depositing seeds into each hole, and packing soil over them. (Drilling drops continuous seed lines in furrows; broadcasting scatters seeds randomly).
बीज शैय्या में निश्चित दूरी और गहराई पर छेद बनाकर उसमें बीज डालने और उसे मिट्टी से ढकने की प्रक्रिया को 'डिबलिंग' (Dibbling) कहा जाता है। छिटकवां विधि (Broadcasting) में बीज बिखेरे जाते हैं और ड्रिलिंग में कतारों में बोए जाते हैं। सही उत्तर Dibbling (विकल्प B) है।
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706📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesLand Levelling & Earthmoving Machinery
Heavy duty machinery meant for initial cutting and filling of land undulations is called
Explanation
A Scraper (tractor-drawn or motorized earthmoving scraper) is heavy-duty earthmoving equipment specifically designed for bulk excavation: scooping soil from high mounds (cutting), hauling it over distances, and discharging it evenly into low depressions (filling) during initial land levelling.
भूमि के बड़े ऊबड़-खाबड़ टीलों की शुरुआती कटाई (Cutting) करने और गड्ढों को भरने (Filling) के लिए प्रयुक्त भारी मशीन को 'स्क्रेपर' (Scraper) कहा जाता है। यह मिट्टी खोदकर ले जाता है और समतल करता है। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
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707📚Agricultural Process Engineering, Post-Harvest & Protected CultivationDairy Engineering & Pasteurization
Temperature required in plate pasteurization is
Explanation
Plate pasteurizers in dairy processing operate on the High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) continuous method, which standardly requires heating milk to 72°C (specifically 71.7°C to 72°C) and holding it for at least 15 seconds, followed immediately by rapid cooling below 4°C to destroy all pathogenic bacteria without altering nutritional quality.
डेयरी प्रसंस्करण में प्लेट पाश्चुरीकरण (Plate pasteurization / HTST विधि) के लिए आवश्यक मानक तापमान 72°C (71.7°C से 72°C) होता है, जिस पर दूध को 15 सेकंड तक रखकर तुरंत ठंडा किया जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर 72°C (विकल्प B) है।
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708📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsAsymmetric Carbon Centers
Which of the following compound does not have chiral carbon?
A) 2-butanol
B) 2-hydroxy propanoic acid
C) 1-butanol
D) 2-chlorobutane
Explanation
A chiral carbon (asymmetric carbon) must be bonded to four distinct substituents: (A) 2-butanol has C2C2 bonded to −H,−OH,−CH3,−C2H5-H, -OH, -CH_3, -C_2H_5 (chiral); (B) 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid) has C2C2 bonded to −H,−OH,−CH3,−COOH-H, -OH, -CH_3, -COOH (chiral); (C) 1-butanol (CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2OHCH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH) has no carbon with four different groups (every carbon has at least two identical hydrogens or three); (D) 2-chlorobutane has C2C2 bonded to −H,−Cl,−CH3,−C2H5-H, -Cl, -CH_3, -C_2H_5 (chiral). Thus, 1-butanol lacks a chiral carbon.
कायरल कार्बन वह होता है जिससे चार अलग-अलग समूह जुड़े हों: 2-ब्यूटेनॉल, 2-हाइड्रॉक्सी प्रोपेनोइक एसिड और 2-क्लोरोब्यूटेन सभी में कायरल कार्बन (C2C2) होता है। परन्तु 1-ब्यूटेनॉल (CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2OHCH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH) में किसी भी कार्बन पर चार भिन्न समूह नहीं हैं (प्रत्येक कार्बन पर कम से कम दो हाइड्रोजन जुड़े हैं)। अतः 1-ब्यूटेनॉल में कायरल कार्बन नहीं है (विकल्प C)।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
709📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsKinetic Isotope Effects (KIE)
Which of the following statements is correct regarding reaction mechanisms and isotope effects?
A) The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) refers to the change in reaction rate when an atom in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes.
B) Thermodynamic control of a reaction favors the formation of the product that forms fastest.
C) Kinetic control of a reaction favors the formation of the most stable product.
D) Isotope effects are irrelevant in determining reaction mechanisms.
Explanation
Statement A is the standard definition of the Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE): the ratio of rate constants (e.g., kH/kDk_H / k_D) resulting from substituting an atom with its heavier isotope due to zero-point vibrational energy differences. Statement B is false (thermodynamic control favors the most stable product). Statement C is false (kinetic control favors the product formed with lowest activation energy/fastest rate). Statement D is false as KIE is a premier diagnostic tool for determining rate-limiting bond cleavage.
कथन A गतिज समस्थानिक प्रभाव (Kinetic Isotope Effect - KIE) की सही परिभाषा है, जो दर्शाता है कि किसी परमाणु को उसके समस्थानिक (जैसे H को D से) से बदलने पर अभिक्रिया की दर (kH/kDk_H/k_D) में क्या परिवर्तन होता है। गतिज नियंत्रण सबसे तेज बनने वाले उत्पाद का पक्ष लेता है और ऊष्मागतिक नियंत्रण सबसे स्थिर उत्पाद का। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
710📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsTaft Steric Substituent Constant (Es)
Arrange the following substituents in order of increasing steric substituent constant (Es) values:
1. −CH3-CH_3
2. −C(CH3)3-C(CH_3)_3
3. −H-H
4. −CH2CH3-CH_2CH_3
Options:
Explanation
In physical organic chemistry, the Taft steric substituent parameter EsE_s reflects steric demand. Ranking substituents by increasing bulkiness and steric hindrance: Hydrogen (−H-H, smallest, 3) < Methyl (−CH3-CH_3, 1) < Ethyl (−CH2CH3-CH_2CH_3, 4) < tert-Butyl (−C(CH3)3-C(CH_3)_3, largest, 2). Thus, the order of increasing steric demand is 3<1<4<23 < 1 < 4 < 2 (Option D).
टैफ्ट स्टेरिक पैरामीटर (EsE_s) और स्थानिक रुकावट के बढ़ते क्रम में: हाइड्रोजन (−H-H, 3, सबसे छोटा) < मिथाइल (−CH3-CH_3, 1) < इथाइल (−CH2CH3-CH_2CH_3, 4) < टर्ट-ब्यूटाइल (−C(CH3)3-C(CH_3)_3, 2, सबसे बड़ा)। अतः सही क्रम 3<1<4<23 < 1 < 4 < 2 (विकल्प D) है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
711📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsBasicity of Heteroatom Anions
Which of the following is least basic?
A) PhO-
B) PhS-
C) PhCH2O-
D) PhCH2NH2
Explanation
Basicity is inversely related to the acid strength of the conjugate acid. The conjugate acids and their pKapK_a values are: Thiophenol (PhSH,pKa≈6.5PhSH, pK_a \approx 6.5), Phenol (PhOH,pKa≈10.0PhOH, pK_a \approx 10.0), Benzylamine cation (PhCH2NH3+,pKa≈9.3PhCH_2NH_3^+, pK_a \approx 9.3), and Benzyl alcohol (PhCH2OH,pKa≈15.4PhCH_2OH, pK_a \approx 15.4). Since thiophenol is the strongest acid among them (due to the large, polarizable sulfur atom spreading negative charge across diffuse 3p3p orbitals), its conjugate base, the thiolate ion (PhS−PhS^-), is the weakest base (least basic).
क्षारीयता (Basicity) संयुग्मी अम्ल की अम्लीयता के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होती है। थायोफिनोल (PhSH,pKa≈6.5PhSH, pK_a \approx 6.5) सबसे प्रबल अम्ल है क्योंकि सल्फर का बड़ा आकार ऋणावेश को आसानी से स्थिर करता है। अतः इसका संयुग्मी क्षार PhS−PhS^- सबसे दुर्बल क्षार (Least basic) है। सही उत्तर विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
712📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsSN1 Ionization Energy & Activation Barriers
SN1 reaction undergoes through a carbocation intermediate as follows:
R−X(aq)→slowR+(aq)+X−(aq)→fastH2OROH(aq)+H+(aq)R-X(aq) \xrightarrow[\text{slow}]{} R^+(aq) + X^-(aq) \xrightarrow[\text{fast}]{H_2O} ROH(aq) + H^+(aq)
[R=t-Bu, iso-Pr, Et, Me](X=Cl,Br,I)[R = t\text{-Bu, iso-Pr, Et, Me}]\quad (X = Cl, Br, I)
The correct statements are:
I. The decreasing order of rate of SN1 reaction is t-BuX>iso-PrX>EtX>MeXt\text{-BuX} > iso\text{-PrX} > EtX > MeX
II. The decreasing order of ionization energy is MeX>EtX>iso-PrX>t-BuXMeX > EtX > iso\text{-PrX} > t\text{-BuX}
III. The decreasing order of energy of activation is t-BuX>iso-PrX>EtX>MeXt\text{-BuX} > iso\text{-PrX} > EtX > MeX
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
In SN1S_N1 kinetics: Statement I is correct (rate follows carbocation stability: 3∘>2∘>1∘>methyl3^\circ > 2^\circ > 1^\circ > \text{methyl}). Statement II is correct (the heterolytic ionization energy required to generate carbocations decreases as alkyl groups increase electron release: MeX>EtX>iso-PrX>t-BuXMeX > EtX > iso\text{-PrX} > t\text{-BuX}). Statement III is false because the fastest reaction (tt-BuX) has the LOWEST activation energy (EaE_a), meaning decreasing order of EaE_a is MeX>EtX>iso-PrX>t-BuXMeX > EtX > iso\text{-PrX} > t\text{-BuX}. Therefore, I & II are correct.
SN1S_N1 अभिक्रिया के संदर्भ में: कथन I सही है क्योंकि दर 3∘>2∘>1∘>Me3^\circ > 2^\circ > 1^\circ > \text{Me} होती है। कथन II सही है क्योंकि आयनन ऊर्जा मिथाइल के लिए सबसे अधिक और टर्ट-ब्यूटाइल के लिए सबसे कम होती है। कथन III गलत है क्योंकि tt-BuX की दर सबसे तेज है, अतः इसकी सक्रियण ऊर्जा (EaE_a) सबसे कम होगी। अतः कथन I और II सही हैं (विकल्प A)।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
713📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsAllylic vs Vinylic Reactivity
Match the following carbon types with their reactivity towards nucleophilic substitution:
Column -A (Carbon Type):
i. Allylic Carbon
ii. Aliphatic Carbon
iii. Vinylic Carbon
Column -B (Characteristic Reactivity):
1. Least reactive
2. Highly reactive via SN2 mechanism
3. Stabilized by resonance
Options:
Explanation
Reactivity of carbon centers: (i) Allylic carbon is activated towards substitution because the transition state/carbocation is stabilized by adjacent π\pi-orbital resonance (3); (ii) Unhindered primary aliphatic carbon undergoes rapid, standard SN2 displacement (2); (iii) Vinylic carbon is inert/least reactive due to sp2sp^2 hybridization and partial double-bond character of C-X bond (1). Match: i-3, ii-2, iii-1.
कार्बन प्रकार और क्रियाशीलता: (i) एलिलिक कार्बन - अनुनाद द्वारा स्थिर (3); (ii) एलिफैटिक कार्बन - SN2S_N2 क्रियाविधि द्वारा अत्यधिक क्रियाशील (2); (iii) वाइनिलिक कार्बन - sp2sp^2 संकरण और आंशिक द्विबंध लक्षण के कारण सबसे कम क्रियाशील (1)। अतः सही मिलान i-3, ii-2, iii-1 (विकल्प A) है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
714📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsE2 vs SN2 Selectivity & Conformation
Which of the following conditions will favor E2 elimination over substitution (SN2), and what will be the preferred stereochemistry of the product?
A) Strong, bulky base; antiperiplanar geometry
B) Weak base; syn-periplanar geometry
C) Strong nucleophile; syn-periplanar geometry
D) Weak nucleophile; polar protic solvent
Explanation
Sterically bulky bases (e.g., potassium tert-butoxide, t-BuO−K+t\text{-BuO}^-K^+, or LDA) cannot readily access the congested electrophilic carbon for SN2S_N2 attack, but easily abstract a peripheral β\beta-proton, strongly favoring E2 elimination over substitution. The lowest-energy transition state for E2 requires anti-periplanar conformation (dihedral angle of 180∘180^\circ between C-H and C-X bonds) to minimize torsional eclipsing and maximize orbital overlap.
प्रबल और बड़े आकार के क्षार (Strong, bulky base - जैसे t-BuOKt\text{-BuOK}) नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन (SN2S_N2) को रोकते हैं और E2 विलोपन को अत्यधिक बढ़ावा देते हैं। E2 विलोपन के लिए सबसे अनुकूल त्रिविम ज्यामिति 'एंटी-पेरीप्लानर' (Antiperiplanar - 180∘180^\circ) होती है। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
715📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsSolvent Effects on SN1 Ionization
Arrange the following solvents in the increasing order of reactivity for an SN1 reaction:
1. Water (H2O)
2. Acetone (CH3COCH3)
3. Methanol (CH3OH)
4. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2SO)
Options:
Explanation
The rate-determining step in SN1S_N1 reactions is heterolytic cleavage forming a carbocation and halide anion. This ionization is accelerated by polar PROTIC solvents having high dielectric constants (ϵ\epsilon) and hydrogen-bond donor capacity to solvate the departing anion: (2) Acetone (polar aprotic, ϵ≈21\epsilon \approx 21, no H-bonding)   ⟹  \implies slowest; (4) DMSO (polar aprotic, ϵ≈47\epsilon \approx 47)   ⟹  \implies higher dielectric but aprotic; (3) Methanol (polar protic, ϵ≈33\epsilon \approx 33, strong H-bonding); (1) Water (polar protic, ϵ≈80\epsilon \approx 80, exceptional H-bonding and ionizing power)   ⟹  \implies fastest. Thus: 2<4<3<12 < 4 < 3 < 1 (Option B).
SN1S_N1 अभिक्रिया में आयनन दर ध्रुवीय प्रोटिक विलायकों में सबसे तेज होती है जो निकलने वाले ऋणायन को हाइड्रोजन बंध द्वारा स्थिर करते हैं: एसीटोन (2, ध्रुवीय अप्रोटिक, सबसे कम) < DMSO (4, अप्रोटिक) < मेथनॉल (3, प्रोटिक) < जल (1, ध्रुवीय प्रोटिक, ϵ≈80\epsilon \approx 80, सर्वाधिक दर)। अतः बढ़ता क्रम 2<4<3<12 < 4 < 3 < 1 (विकल्प B) है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
716📚Preventive Conservation, Heritage Material Science & Conservation ChemistryPest Severity Ranking
Arrange the following insect pests in the increasing order of damage intensity they typically cause to museum artifacts:
1. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina)
2. Carpet Beetles (Anthrenus verbasci)
3. Powderpost Beetles (Lyctidae)
4. Termites (Isoptera)
Options:
Explanation
Damage severity progression: (1) Silverfish cause superficial grazing and thinning of paper sheets; (2) Carpet beetles inflict direct localized holes on organic fabrics and taxidermy; (3) Powderpost beetles excavate dense interior galleries in seasoned furniture and sculpture, reducing wood to powder; (4) Termites cause catastrophic structural collapse, completely hollowing out timber frameworks and entire library collections rapidly. Increasing severity sequence: 1→2→3→41 \to 2 \to 3 \to 4.
हानि की तीव्रता का बढ़ता क्रम: सिल्वरफिश (1, कागज पर सतही खुरचन) < कार्पेट बीटल (2, वस्त्रों व फर में छेद) < पाउडर पोस्ट बीटल (3, लकड़ी के भीतर छिद्र व पाउडर बनाना) < दीमक (4, पूरी लकड़ी को भीतर से खोखला कर संरचनात्मक विनाश करना)। सही क्रम 1→2→3→41 \to 2 \to 3 \to 4 (विकल्प A) है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
717📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsCentral Government Schemes & Missions
Match the following Yojanas introduced by the Government of India (Column -X) with their primary objectives (Column -Y):
Column -X:
1. PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan
2. PM-DevINE Scheme
3. PM VIKAS
4. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission

Column -Y:
I. National digital health platform
II. Empowering traditional artisans
III. Enhancing national infrastructure and logistics
IV. Infrastructure development in the North East
Explanation
Correct matching is:
1. PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan -> III. Enhancing national infrastructure and logistics.
2. PM-DevINE Scheme (Prime Minister’s Development Initiative for North-East Region) -> IV. Infrastructure development in the North East.
3. PM VIKAS (Pradhan Mantri Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman) -> II. Empowering traditional artisans and craftspeople.
4. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission -> I. National digital health platform.
सही मिलान है:
1. पीएम गति शक्ति राष्ट्रीय मास्टर प्लान -> III. राष्ट्रीय बुनियादी ढांचे और लॉजिस्टिक्स को बढ़ाना
2. पीएम-डिवाइन (PM-DevINE) -> IV. पूर्वोत्तर में बुनियादी ढांचे का विकास
3. पीएम विकास (PM VIKAS) -> II. पारंपरिक कारीगरों और शिल्पकारों को सशक्त बनाना
4. आयुष्मान भारत डिजिटल मिशन -> I. राष्ट्रीय डिजिटल स्वास्थ्य प्लेटफॉर्म। अतः सही विकल्प (A) है।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
718📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsIndian Climate & Monsoon Patterns
Consider the following statements:
I. The duration of monsoon decreases from southern India to northern India
II. The amount of annual rainfall in the northern plains of India increases from east to west
Which of the following statements above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is correct: The southwest monsoon arrives first in southern India (Kerala coast by June 1) and withdraws last from the south, meaning the duration of the rainy season decreases progressively northward. Statement II is incorrect: As the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon moves up the Gangetic plain from east to west, it progressively loses moisture, causing rainfall to decrease from east to west (e.g., Kolkata receives ~160 cm, Patna ~105 cm, Delhi ~65 cm).
कथन I सही है: दक्षिण भारत (केरल) में मानसून सबसे पहले आता है और सबसे अंत में लौटता है, इसलिए दक्षिण से उत्तर की ओर मानसून की अवधि घटती जाती है।
कथन II गलत है: उत्तर भारत के मैदानों में पूर्व से पश्चिम की ओर जाने पर मानसूनी पवनों में नमी कम हो जाती है, जिससे वर्षा की मात्रा पूर्व से पश्चिम की ओर घटती है (बढ़ती नहीं)। अतः केवल कथन I सही है।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
719📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UT & Current AffairsIndus Waters Treaty Provisions
Consider the following statements regarding the Indus Waters Treaty, 1960:
I. As per the treaty, India has unrestricted rights over the waters of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers.
II. Pakistan has complete rights over the waters of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers, with no exceptions for India.
III. India is allowed to utilize the waters for purposes like power generation, and navigation.
IV. The Shahpurkandi Project situated on the Ravi river is an initiative to generate electricity.
Which of the above statements is correct?
Explanation
Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), India was given unrestricted rights over the three Eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej; statement I is correct). Although the Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) were allocated to Pakistan, India is permitted specific non-consumptive uses, domestic use, agricultural storage, and run-of-the-river hydroelectric power generation; hence statement II is false. Statement III is correct as India can use the waters for run-of-the-river power and navigation. Statement IV is correct as the Shahpurkandi Dam on the Ravi River enables power generation and irrigation in J&K and Punjab. Thus, I, III, and IV only are correct.
सिंधु जल संधि 1960 के तहत:
I. भारत को पूर्वी नदियों (रावी, ब्यास, सतलुज) के पानी पर अप्रतिबंधित अधिकार प्राप्त हैं (सही)।
II. पश्चिमी नदियों (सिंधु, झेलम, चिनाब) पर पाकिस्तान का अधिकार है, लेकिन भारत को गैर-उपभोगी उपयोग जैसे रन-ऑफ-द-रिवर जलविद्युत और कृषि की छूट दी गई है, अतः 'बिना किसी अपवाद' कहना गलत है।
III. भारत को बिजली उत्पादन और नौवहन जैसे उद्देश्यों के लिए पानी का उपयोग करने की अनुमति है (सही)।
IV. रावी नदी पर स्थित शाहपुरकंडी परियोजना बिजली उत्पादन और सिंचाई की पहल है (सही)।
अतः I, III और IV केवल सही हैं।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
720📚General Intelligence & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Lalit traveled 15 km north from his house, then turned west and traveled 10 km. Next, he turned south and traveled 5 km, and finally, he turned east and traveled 10 km. In which direction is Lalit now located from his house?
Explanation
Starting at origin (0, 0):
- 15 km north: (0, 15)
- 10 km west: (-10, 15)
- 5 km south: (-10, 10)
- 10 km east: (0, 10).
His current position is (0, 10), which is 10 km directly North of his starting point (house).
आरंभिक बिंदु (0, 0) से:
- 15 किमी उत्तर: (0, 15)
- 10 किमी पश्चिम: (-10, 15)
- 5 किमी दक्षिण: (-10, 10)
- 10 किमी पूर्व: (0, 10)।
ललित अपने घर से ठीक उत्तर (North) दिशा में स्थित है।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
721📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement & Assumptions
Choose the correct Statements:
Statement: Success is determined by how well a person recovers after reaching his lowest point.
Assumptions:
I. Achieving success demands deliberate effort and persistence, undeterred by setbacks.
II. Failure is not something that can be easily accepted.
Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
The statement asserts that success is defined by recovering from one's lowest point. This directly assumes that success requires resilience, deliberate effort, and persistence despite setbacks (Assumption I is implicit). It does not discuss emotional acceptance of failure (Assumption II is not implicit).
कथन कहता है कि सफलता इस बात से तय होती है कि व्यक्ति अपने सबसे निचले स्तर से कैसे उबरता है। यह स्पष्ट रूप से मानता है कि सफल होने के लिए असफलताओं से अप्रभावित रहकर निरंतर प्रयास और दृढ़ता की आवश्यकता होती है (धारणा I अंतर्निहित है)। विफलता को स्वीकार करने की कठिनाई पर कथन में कुछ नहीं कहा गया (धारणा II अंतर्निहित नहीं है)।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
722📚General Intelligence & ReasoningStatement & Conclusions
Consider the following statement:
Statement: The distance of 890 km by road between Mumbai and Jafra will be reduced to 270 km by sea. This will lead to a saving of Rs. 7.88 crores per annum on fuel.
Conclusions:
I. Sea transportation is always cheaper than road transportation
II. Fuel savings should always be minimized
Choose the correct Answer:
Explanation
Conclusion I makes an unsubstantiated universal generalization ('always cheaper') from a single route scenario. Conclusion II is illogical, as fuel expenditure (not savings) should be minimized; savings should be maximized. Thus, neither conclusion follows.
निष्कर्ष I 'हमेशा सस्ता' जैसा एकतरफा सामान्यीकरण करता है जो केवल एक मार्ग के आधार पर सही नहीं माना जा सकता। निष्कर्ष II कहता है कि ईंधन बचत को 'न्यूनतम' किया जाना चाहिए, जो कि अतार्किक है (बचत अधिकतम की जानी चाहिए)। अतः न तो I और न ही II अनुसरण करता है।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
723📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsTime, Speed and Distance
Vishal travels 760 km to his workplace, partly by bus and partly by motorcycle. He takes 8 hours, if he travels 160 km by bus and the rest by motorcycle. If he travels 240 km by bus and the rest by motorcycle, he takes 12 minutes more. What are the speeds of the motorcycle and the bus respectively?
Explanation
Let speed of bus = uu km/hr and motorcycle = vv km/hr.
Case 1: 160u+600v=8\frac{160}{u} + \frac{600}{v} = 8
Case 2: 240u+520v=8+1260=8.2\frac{240}{u} + \frac{520}{v} = 8 + \frac{12}{60} = 8.2
Let 1/u=x,1/v=y1/u = x, 1/v = y:
160x+600y=8  ⟹  20x+75y=1160x + 600y = 8 \implies 20x + 75y = 1 (i)
240x+520y=8.2  ⟹  24x+52y=0.82240x + 520y = 8.2 \implies 24x + 52y = 0.82 (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 6 and (ii) by 5:
120x+450y=6120x + 450y = 6
120x+260y=4.1120x + 260y = 4.1
Subtracting: 190y=1.9  ⟹  y=1/100  ⟹  v=100 km/hr190y = 1.9 \implies y = 1/100 \implies v = 100\text{ km/hr} (motorcycle).
Substitute y=0.01y = 0.01 into (i):
20x+0.75=1  ⟹  20x=0.25  ⟹  x=1/80  ⟹  u=80 km/hr20x + 0.75 = 1 \implies 20x = 0.25 \implies x = 1/80 \implies u = 80\text{ km/hr} (bus).
Speeds are 100 km/hr and 80 km/hr respectively.
माना बस की चाल uu और मोटरसाइकिल की चाल vv है।
समीकरण 1: 160u+600v=8\frac{160}{u} + \frac{600}{v} = 8
समीकरण 2: 240u+520v=8.2\frac{240}{u} + \frac{520}{v} = 8.2
हल करने पर:
मोटरसाइकिल की चाल v=100v = 100 किमी/घंटा और बस की चाल u=80u = 80 किमी/घंटा प्राप्त होती है।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
724📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsProblems on Trains
A train overtakes two persons walking along a railway track. The first one walks at 4.5 km/hr while the other one walks at 5.4 km/hr. The train needs 10.4 and 10.5 seconds, respectively to overtake them. What is the speed of the train if both persons are walking in the same direction as the train?
Explanation
Speeds of persons in m/s:
- v1=4.5×518=1.25 m/sv_1 = 4.5 \times \frac{5}{18} = 1.25\text{ m/s}
- v2=5.4×518=1.5 m/sv_2 = 5.4 \times \frac{5}{18} = 1.5\text{ m/s}
Let train speed = vv m/s. The train length LL is constant:
L=(v−1.25)×10.4=(v−1.5)×10.5L = (v - 1.25) \times 10.4 = (v - 1.5) \times 10.5
10.4v−13.0=10.5v−15.7510.4v - 13.0 = 10.5v - 15.75
0.1v=2.75  ⟹  v=27.5 m/s0.1v = 2.75 \implies v = 27.5\text{ m/s}.
Convert to km/hr: 27.5×185=5.5×18=99 km/hr27.5 \times \frac{18}{5} = 5.5 \times 18 = 99\text{ km/hr}.
व्यक्तियों की चाल मीटर/सेकंड में:
v1=4.5×518=1.25v_1 = 4.5 \times \frac{5}{18} = 1.25 मी/से
v2=5.4×518=1.5v_2 = 5.4 \times \frac{5}{18} = 1.5 मी/से
ट्रेन की लंबाई LL समान है:
(v−1.25)×10.4=(v−1.5)×10.5(v - 1.25) \times 10.4 = (v - 1.5) \times 10.5
0.1v=2.75  ⟹  v=27.50.1v = 2.75 \implies v = 27.5 मी/से।
किमी/घंटा में: 27.5×185=9927.5 \times \frac{18}{5} = 99 किमी/घंटा।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
725📚Quantitative Aptitude & MathematicsHeights and Distances
Two objects are located on the same side of a tower. From the top of the tower, the angles of depression to these objects are 45° and 60°. If the tower is 150 meters tall, what is the distance between the two objects?
Explanation
Let the height of tower h=150 mh = 150\text{ m}.
Distance to object with angle of depression 45°: d1=htan⁡45∘=150 md_1 = \frac{h}{\tan 45^\circ} = 150\text{ m}.
Distance to object with angle of depression 60°: d2=htan⁡60∘=1503=503≈50×1.732=86.60 md_2 = \frac{h}{\tan 60^\circ} = \frac{150}{\sqrt{3}} = 50\sqrt{3} \approx 50 \times 1.732 = 86.60\text{ m}.
Distance between the objects = d1−d2=150−86.60=63.4 m≈63.5 md_1 - d_2 = 150 - 86.60 = 63.4\text{ m} \approx 63.5\text{ m}.
मीनार की ऊंचाई h=150h = 150 मीटर।
45° अवनमन कोण वाले बिंदु की दूरी = 150tan⁡45∘=150\frac{150}{\tan 45^\circ} = 150 मीटर।
60° अवनमन कोण वाले बिंदु की दूरी = 1503=503≈86.6\frac{150}{\sqrt{3}} = 50\sqrt{3} \approx 86.6 मीटर।
दोनों वस्तुओं के बीच की दूरी = 150−86.6=63.4≈63.5150 - 86.6 = 63.4 \approx 63.5 मीटर।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
726📚Data Interpretation & Data SufficiencyData Sufficiency
How many children are seated between U and V in a row?
Statements:
I. U is the 15th child from the left in the row.
II. V is positioned exactly in the middle of the row, with 10 children to his right
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
We want the number of children between U and V.
- Statement I tells U's position from the left (15th), but mentions nothing about V. Insufficient alone.
- Statement II tells V is in the exact middle with 10 children to his right. This means there are 10 children to V's left, making V the 11th child from the left, and the total children in the row = 10+1+10=2110 + 1 + 10 = 21. But it mentions nothing about U. Insufficient alone.
- Combining I and II: U is 15th from the left and V is 11th from the left in the same row of 21. Children seated between them = (15−11)−1=3(15 - 11) - 1 = 3 children (12th, 13th, and 14th). Both statements together are sufficient.
U और V के बीच बैठे बच्चों की संख्या ज्ञात करनी है:
- कथन I से U का स्थान बाईं ओर से 15वां है (अकेला अपर्याप्त)।
- कथन II से V बीच में है और उसके दाईं ओर 10 बच्चे हैं, अर्थात V बाईं ओर से 11वां (10+110 + 1) है और पंक्ति में कुल 21 बच्चे हैं (अकेला अपर्याप्त)।
- दोनों को मिलाने पर: V का स्थान 11वां और U का 15वां है। उनके बीच 15−11−1=315 - 11 - 1 = 3 बच्चे बैठे हैं। अतः दोनों कथन मिलकर पर्याप्त हैं (विकल्प B)।
2025JKSSBLabour & Employment Department
727📚History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyContemporary Calligraphers
موجودہ دور کا مشہور خوشنویس کون ہے؟
(Who is the internationally acclaimed master calligrapher of the modern era?)
Explanation
Mohamed Zakariya (محمد زکریا) is an internationally celebrated contemporary master calligrapher, the first Western-born artist to receive classical icaza certificates in Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq from the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) in Istanbul.
عصرِ حاضر میں بین الاقوامی سطح پر خطاطی کے سب سے ممتاز اور تسلیم شدہ اساتذہ میں 'محمد زکریا' کا نام نمایاں ہے جنہیں استنبول سے خلافت و اجازت نامہ حاصل ہے۔
2025JKSSBSkill Development Department
728📚Communication Models, Theories & Media SystemsBarriers to Communication
Match the communication barriers with examples:
i. Physical Barrier
ii. Psychological Barrier
iii. Semantic Barrier
iv. Organizational Barrier
Examples:
1. Language differences
2. Noise in the environment
3. Emotional stress
4. Poor hierarchical structure
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Correct matching of communication barriers:
- Physical Barrier: Environmental distance, loud background noise (i-2).
- Psychological Barrier: Emotional anxiety, stress, prejudices (ii-3).
- Semantic Barrier: Jargon, vocabulary, language comprehension issues (iii-1).
- Organizational Barrier: Bureaucratic rigidity, poor scalar chain/structure (iv-4).
संचार बाधाओं का सही मिलान:
- भौतिक बाधा: वातावरण में शोर (i-2)
- मनोवैज्ञानिक बाधा: भावनात्मक तनाव (ii-3)
- सिमेंटिक/अर्थगत बाधा: भाषा के अंतर (iii-1)
- संगठनात्मक बाधा: खराब पदानुक्रमित संरचना (iv-4)। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
729📚Indian Cinema, Visual Communication & Media LawsGestalt Visual Perception Principles
Match the following Gestalt principles with their descriptions:
1. Similarity
2. Proximity
3. Continuity
4. Common Fate
Descriptions:
i. Objects that move together are perceived as a group.
ii. Objects that are similar in appearance are grouped together.
iii. Objects close to each other are perceived as a group.
iv. Patterns are perceived as continuous even if interrupted.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Gestalt psychology principles of visual perception:
- Similarity: Elements sharing visual characteristics (color, shape, size) are grouped (1-ii).
- Proximity: Elements positioned close to each other are perceived as belonging together (2-iii).
- Continuity: The eye naturally follows paths, lines, and curves smoothly (3-iv).
- Common Fate: Elements moving in the same direction at the same speed are perceived as a unit (4-i).
गेस्टाल्ट दृश्य सिद्धांतों का सही मिलान:
1. समानता (Similarity): रूप-रंग में समान वस्तुएं समूह बनाती हैं (ii)
2. निकटता (Proximity): पास-पास स्थित वस्तुएं एक समूह मानी जाती हैं (iii)
3. निरंतरता (Continuity): रेखाएं या पैटर्न निरंतरता में देखे जाते हैं (iv)
4. समान गति (Common Fate): एक साथ गतिमान वस्तुएं एक इकाई लगती हैं (i)। अतः सही उत्तर A है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
730📚Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)Microphone Polar Patterns
A radio station wants to broadcast a live concert. Which type of microphone would be most suitable for capturing the sound of the entire audience?
A) Omni-directional
B) Uni-directional
C) Bi-directional
D) Cardioid
Explanation
An Omni-directional microphone has a spherical 360-degree pickup pattern that captures ambient sound equally from all directions, making it ideal for recording ambient crowd applause, audience room response, and live concert ambience.
लाइव कॉन्सर्ट में पूरे सभागार और दर्शकों की सामूहिक ध्वनि और तालियों को रिकॉर्ड करने के लिए 'ओम्नी-डायरेक्शनल' (Omni-directional) माइक्रोफोन सबसे उपयुक्त होता है क्योंकि यह 360 डिग्री से समान ध्वनि ग्रहण करता है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
731📚Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)Microphone Pick-up Characteristics
Match the following types of microphones with their descriptions:
1. Omni-directional
2. Uni-directional
3. Bi-directional
Descriptions:
i. Picks up sound from one direction only
ii. Picks up sound equally from all directions
iii. Picks up sound from two opposite directions
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Microphone directional polar patterns:
- Omni-directional: Captures sound equally from all 360 degrees (1-ii).
- Uni-directional (Cardioid/Shotgun): Sensitive to sound from the front only, rejecting rear noise (2-i).
- Bi-directional (Figure-8): Sensitive to sound from front and back while rejecting sides (3-iii).
माइक्रोफोन के प्रकार और विवरण का सही मिलान:
1. ओम्नी-डायरेक्शनल: सभी दिशाओं سے समान ध्वनि पकड़ता है (ii)
2. यूनी-डायरेक्शनल: केवल एक दिशा से ध्वनि पकड़ता है (i)
3. बाई-डायरेक्शनल: दो विपरीत दिशाओं (आगे और पीछे) سے ध्वनि पकड़ता है (iii)। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
732📚Radio, Television & Educational Broadcasting (EDUSAT)Microphone Technical Classifications
Which of the following is NOT a standard type of microphone polar pattern used in broadcasting?
A) Omni-directional
B) Uni-directional
C) Bi-directional
D) Multi-directional
Explanation
In professional audio engineering, the standard microphone polar patterns are Omni-directional, Uni-directional (Cardioid, Supercardioid, Hypercardioid), and Bi-directional (Figure-8). 'Multi-directional' is not a recognized technical polar pattern category.
प्रसारण में माइक्रोफोन के ध्रुवीय पैटर्न में ओम्नी, यूनी और बाई-डायरेक्शनल तकनीकी रूप से मान्य हैं। 'मल्टी-डायरेक्शनल' कोई मानक तकनीकी माइक्रोफोन प्रकार नहीं है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
733📚Communication Models, Theories & Media SystemsParticipatory Paradigm Attributes
Consider the following statements about the participatory paradigm:
i. It recognizes cultural differences and rejects a universal development model.
ii. It prioritizes the use of big media like television and newspapers.
iii. It encourages self-management and collective decision-making.
iv. It is primarily concerned with creating a climate of acceptance for exogenous ideas.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i and iii are correct. The participatory model respects indigenous knowledge and cultural pluralism, rejecting one-size-fits-all Western models, and fosters community self-reliance. Statements ii and iv pertain to the classical modernization/dominant paradigm (big media and acceptance of exogenous foreign models).
सहभागी प्रतिमान के बारे में कथन i और iii सत्य हैं। यह सांस्कृतिक भिन्नताओं का सम्मान करता है और सामूहिक निर्णय लेने को प्रोत्साहित करता है। कथन ii और iv 'प्रमुख प्रतिमान' (Dominant Paradigm) के लक्षण हैं। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
734📚Indian Cinema, Visual Communication & Media LawsTraditional Folk Media Forms
Which of the following folk theatre forms is prominent in Maharashtra?
A) Jatra
B) Tamasha
C) Bhavai
D) Nautanki
Explanation
Tamasha is the traditional, vibrant folk theatre form of Maharashtra, incorporating Lavani singing, dance, and satirical comedic drama. (Jatra is in West Bengal, Bhavai in Gujarat, and Nautanki in Uttar Pradesh).
तमाशा (Tamasha) महाराष्ट्र का अत्यंत लोकप्रिय पारंपरिक लोक नाट्य रूप है, जिसमें लावणी नृत्य और संगीत का अद्भुत समन्वय होता है। जात्रा पश्चिम बंगाल, भवाई गुजरात और नौटंकी उत्तर प्रदेश का लोकनाट्य है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
735📚Indian Cinema, Visual Communication & Media LawsDirectors of Iconic Indian Films
Who directed the iconic film Sholay (1975)?
A) Yash Chopra
B) Raj Kumar Santoshi
C) Ramesh Sippy
D) Subhash Ghai
Explanation
Ramesh Sippy directed the legendary action curry western 'Sholay', written by Salim-Javed and released on 15 August 1975, which became one of the greatest blockbusters in Indian cinematic history.
भारतीय सिनेमा की कालजयी ब्लॉकबस्टर फिल्म 'शोले' (1975) का निर्देशन रमेश सिप्पी (Ramesh Sippy) ने किया था।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
736📚Journalism, Digital Media, PR & AdvertisingNew Media Characteristics
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of new media compared to traditional media?
A) Static representation of information
B) Limited interactivity and one-way communication
C) Dynamic, interactive, and fast-moving content
D) Reliance on print and broadcast formats
Explanation
New media is distinguished by dynamic digital malleability, continuous real-time updates, multi-directional user interactivity, and rapid information distribution across decentralized networks.
पारंपरिक मीडिया की तुलना में न्यू मीडिया की सबसे बड़ी पहचान यह है कि इसकी सामग्री गतिशील (Dynamic), अत्यधिक संवादात्मक (Interactive) और त्वरित गति से अपडेट होने वाली होती है।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
737📚Pomology, Olericulture & Post-Harvest TechnologyPomology & Origin of Crops
Where is the origin of the banana?
Explanation
Cultivated bananas (Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana) originated in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Malaysian archipelago, where wild diploid seeded ancestors were first domesticated and selected for parthenocarpy.
केले (Banana / Musa spp.) का उत्पत्ति स्थल दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया (Southeast Asia) और इंडो-मलेशियाई क्षेत्र माना जाता है, जहाँ से इसका प्रसार विश्व के अन्य उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों में हुआ। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
738📚Floriculture, Ornamental Gardening & Landscape ArchitectureCommercial Flowers & Nomenclature
Which flower is known as 'Queen of the east':
Explanation
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium / Guldaudi) is traditionally crowned the 'Queen of the East' (as well as 'Autumn Queen'). The Rose is called the 'Queen of Flowers'.
गुलदाउदी (Chrysanthemum) को 'पूरब की रानी' (Queen of the East) के नाम से जाना जाता है। गुलाब को 'फूलों की रानी' कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
739📚C Programming & Data StructuresControl Flow & Loops
What type of loop is guaranteed to execute at least once?
Explanation
A 'do-while' loop is an exit-controlled loop where the loop body is executed before the terminating test expression is evaluated at the bottom, guaranteeing that statements within the loop execute at least once.
do-while लूप एक एग्जिट-नियंत्रित (exit-controlled) लूप है जिसमें स्थिति (condition) की जांच लूप के अंत में की जाती है। अतः यह लूप कम से कम एक बार निश्चित रूप से निष्पादित (execute) होता है। सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
740📚.NET Framework & VB.NET DevelopmentVB.NET Control Flow & Loops
Which of the following statements about VB.NET loops and decision structures are correct? (Choose all that apply)
I. The For Each loop is used to iterate through elements in a collection.
II. The Select Case statement is used only for numeric values.
III. Nested loops are allowed in VB.NET.
IV. The If...ElseIf...Else structure allows multiple conditional checks sequentially.
V. The Do While loop executes its body at least once regardless of the condition.
Options:
Explanation
Statements I, III, and IV are correct:
- I is true: For Each...Next iterates over array elements and collections.
- III is true: Loops can be nested inside one another.
- IV is true: If...ElseIf...Else tests multiple sequential Boolean conditions.
Statements II is false (Select Case works with strings, chars, etc.), and V is false (a top-tested Do While loop will not execute if the condition is false initially). Result: I, III, IV.
कथन I, III और IV सही हैं:
- I: For Each लूप संग्रह के तत्वों पर पुनरावृत्ति करता है।
- III: नेस्टेड लूप VB.NET में पूरी तरह मान्य हैं।
- IV: If...ElseIf...Else क्रमिक रूप से कई शर्तों की जांच करता है।
कथन II असत्य है (Select Case स्ट्रिंग्स आदि पर भी कार्य करता है) और V असत्य है। अतः सही विकल्प A (I, III, IV) है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
741📚Computer Networks, Web Technologies & CybersecurityHTTP/2 Protocols & Binary Framing
In HTTP/2, which feature allows multiplexing multiple requests over a single TCP connection?
Explanation
HTTP/2 introduces the Binary Framing Layer, which breaks all HTTP communications into standardized binary-encoded frames. These independent frames are interleaved and multiplexed simultaneously across a single shared persistent TCP connection within bidirectional streams.
HTTP/2 में 'बाइनरी फ्रेमिंग लेयर' (Binary framing layer) संचार को स्वतंत्र बाइनरी फ्रेम में विभाजित करती है, जिससे एक ही टीसीपी (TCP) कनेक्शन पर कई अनुरोधों और प्रतिक्रियाओं की मल्टीप्लेक्सिंग संभव होती है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
742📚Computer Networks, Web Technologies & CybersecurityHTTP Status Codes
Which HTTP response status code indicates a redirection to another resource?
Explanation
HTTP status code 301 ('Moved Permanently') is the standard 3xx Redirection response code indicating that the requested URL resource has been permanently assigned a new URI. (200 is OK, 403 is Forbidden, 500 is Internal Server Error).
एचटीटीपी (HTTP) स्थिति कोड '301' (Moved Permanently) पुनर्निर्देशन (Redirection) कोड है जो यह दर्शाता है कि अनुरोधित संसाधन को स्थायी रूप से नए यूआरएल पर स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSBInformation Technology Department
743📚Exposure Triangle, Lighting & Composition TechniquesFocus Stacking & Depth of Field
Which of the following techniques is used to create the effect of "focus stacking" in digital photography?
Explanation
Focus stacking (also known as z-stacking or focal plane merging) is a digital image processing technique where multiple photographs taken at consecutive focal distances are combined together to yield a composite image with an extended depth of field (DoF), commonly used in macro and landscape photography.
फोकस स्टैकिंग (Focus stacking) डिजिटल फोटोग्राफी की वह तकनीक है जिसमें अलग-अलग फोकल दूरियों पर ली गई कई तस्वीरों को मिलाकर गहराई (Depth of Field) को बढ़ाया जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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744📚History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPhotographic Movements & Pioneers
The "f64 Group," known for promoting straight photography and sharp focus, was founded in which decade?
Explanation
Group f/64 was founded in 1932 (the 1930s) in San Francisco by legendary photographers including Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, and Willard Van Dyke to promote 'straight photography' characterized by sharp focus, maximum depth of field, and unmanipulated imagery.
ग्रुप f/64 की स्थापना 1932 (1930 के दशक) में अनसेल एडम्स और एडवर्ड वेस्टन जैसे प्रसिद्ध फोटोग्राफरों द्वारा तीक्ष्ण फोकस और शुद्ध 'स्ट्रेट फोटोग्राफी' को बढ़ावा देने के लिए की गई थी। सही विकल्प B है।
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745📚History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesPioneers of Photography & Camera Evolution
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Column - I:
1) the first automatic cameras which used an electric eye to determine aperture and exposure.
2) simple box-camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed
3) small camera of his own making and a piece of paper coated with silver chloride, which darkened where it was exposed to light
4) was also the first digital camera to be interfaced to a microcomputer.
Column - II:
i) Cromemco
ii) Albert Einstein and Gustav Bucky
iii) George Eastman
iv) Nicéphore Niépce
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Historical matching:
- 1) Einstein and Gustav Bucky patented an 'electric eye' light-meter camera in 1935/1936 -> (ii)
- 2) George Eastman developed the simple fixed-focus Kodak box camera in 1888 ('You press the button, we do the rest') -> (iii)
- 3) Nicéphore Niépce in 1816 used paper coated with silver chloride inside a camera obscura -> (iv)
- 4) Cromemco Cyclops (1975) was the first digital camera interfaced with an Altair/S-100 microcomputer -> (i).
Hence, 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i. Choice D.
सही मिलान:
1) अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन और गुस्ताव बकी ने 1935 में इलेक्ट्रिक आई ऑटोमैटिक एक्सपोजर पेटेंट कराया -> (ii)
2) जॉर्ज ईस्टमैन ने 1888 में सरल फिक्स्ड-फोकस बॉक्स कैमरा (Kodak) बनाया -> (iii)
3) निसेफोर निएप्स ने 1816 में सिल्वर क्लोराइड लेपित कागज पर पहला कैमरा प्रयोग किया -> (iv)
4) क्रोमेमको (Cromemco Cyclops, 1975) माइक्रो कंप्यूटर से जुड़ने वाला पहला डिजिटल कैमरा था -> (i)।
अतः सही कूट D है।
2025JKSSB
746📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyMacro Photography & Optical Reproduction
What unique characteristic does a macro lens have compared to other lenses?
Explanation
A true dedicated macro lens is optically engineered to achieve a 1:1 (life-size) magnification/reproduction ratio at its closest focusing distance, rendering an object on the camera sensor at exactly its real-world physical size.
सच्चे मैक्रो लेंस की अनूठी विशेषता यह है कि यह 1:1 प्रजनन अनुपात (1:1 reproduction ratio) प्राप्त कर सकता है, जिससे वस्तु सेंसर पर अपने वास्तविक आकार (Life-size) में रिकॉर्ड होती है। सही विकल्प D है।
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747📚Exposure Triangle, Lighting & Composition TechniquesFocus Stacking & Macro Techniques
What does "focus stacking" involve in digital photography?
Explanation
Focus stacking is the computational technique of capturing a sequence of photos across progressive focus distances and digitally fusing their sharpest segments into a single composite photograph with deep, edge-to-edge depth of field.
फोकस स्टैकिंग डिजिटल फोटोग्राफी में अलग-अलग फोकल दूरियों पर ली गई कई छवियों को जोड़कर फील्ड की गहराई (Depth of Field) को बढ़ाने की तकनीक है। सही विकल्प D है।
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748📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyLens Mounts & Flange Focal Distance
What is the significance of the "Nikon F mount" or "Canon EF mount"?
Explanation
The Nikon F mount and Canon EF mount are mechanical bayonet mounting standards with proprietary electronic communication protocols that ensure physical fit, electrical signal transfer, and optical alignment between interchangeable lenses and camera bodies.
निकॉन F माउंट और कैनन EF माउंट कैमरा बॉडी और लेंस के बीच भौतिक फिटिंग और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कनेक्टिविटी के मानकीकृत लेंस माउंट (Lens compatibility standards) हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSB
749📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyLenses & Candid Photography
Which type of lens is often preferred for candid photography due to its versatility and ability to capture subjects from a distance?
Explanation
Telephoto lenses (such as a 70-200mm) are preferred for candid street, documentary, and event photography because they allow the photographer to maintain distance from subjects, capturing natural, unposed expressions without intruding into their personal space.
कैंडिड फोटोग्राफी में दूर से विषयों के स्वाभाविक और बिना बनावटी हाव-भाव कैद करने के लिए टेलीफोटो लेंस (Telephoto lens) को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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750📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyMirrorless vs DSLR Architecture
What is the main advantage of using a mirrorless camera over a DSLR?
Explanation
By eliminating the swinging reflex mirror box and the optical glass pentaprism housing found in traditional DSLRs, mirrorless cameras achieve a significantly shallower flange focal distance, resulting in a noticeably lighter, slimmer, and more portable camera body.
डीएसएलआर की तुलना में मिररलेस कैमरे का मुख्य लाभ इसका अधिक हल्का और कॉम्पैक्ट (Lighter and more compact design) होना है, क्योंकि इसमें भारी शीशा और पेंटाप्रिज्म नहीं होता। सही विकल्प D है।
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751📚Exposure Triangle, Lighting & Composition TechniquesExposure Bracketing & High Dynamic Range
Which camera feature is particularly useful for ensuring correct exposure in high-contrast scenes?
Explanation
Auto Exposure Bracketing (AEB) captures multiple consecutive shots of the same scene at varying exposures (standard, underexposed for highlights, overexposed for shadows). This ensures at least one perfect exposure and provides the raw source images needed to blend into an HDR photograph.
अत्यधिक कंट्रास्ट वाले दृश्यों में सटीक एक्सपोजर सुनिश्चित करने के लिए 'ब्रैकेटिंग' (Bracketing / AEB) सुविधा सबसे उपयोगी होती है, जो अलग-अलग एक्सपोजर पर तस्वीरें लेती है। सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSB
752📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyRangefinder Cameras & Parallax Error
Which type of camera uses a separate viewfinder from the lens, typically resulting in parallax error in close-up shots?
Explanation
A Rangefinder camera (such as the Leica M series) uses a separate optical window offset horizontally above the taking lens. Because the viewfinder and taking lens do not share the same optical path, a geometric parallax error occurs, most noticeably at close focusing distances.
रेंजफाइंडर कैमरे (Rangefinder Camera) में व्यूफाइंडर मुख्य लेंस से अलग स्थित होता है, जिसके कारण नज़दीकी शॉट्स में 'पैरालैक्स एरर' (Parallax error) उत्पन्न होता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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753📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyAutofocus Modes & Action Photography
Which autofocus mode would be most suitable for capturing fast-moving subjects in sports photography?
Explanation
Continuous Autofocus (AF-C or AI Servo) is essential for sports and action photography: the camera's autofocus computer uses predictive tracking algorithms to continuously adjust focus distance in real time as the athlete or vehicle speeds across the frame.
खेल (Sports) फोटोग्राफी में तेजी से गतिशील एथलीटों या गाड़ियों की स्पष्ट तस्वीरें लेने के लिए 'कंटीन्यूअस ऑटोफोकस' (Continuous AF / AF-C) सबसे उपयुक्त मोड है। सही विकल्प D है।
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754📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityGeometry & Right Triangles
The lengths of the three sides of a right-angled triangle are (x-1)cm, (x+1)cm, and (x+3)cm, respectively. The hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle (in cm) is:
Explanation
The hypotenuse is the longest side = (x + 3) cm.
By Pythagoras theorem: (x - 1)^2 + (x + 1)^2 = (x + 3)^2
=> (x^2 - 2x + 1) + (x^2 + 2x + 1) = x^2 + 6x + 9
=> 2x^2 + 2 = x^2 + 6x + 9 => x^2 - 6x - 7 = 0
=> (x - 7)(x + 1) = 0 => x = 7.
The sides are x - 1 = 6 cm, x + 1 = 8 cm, and hypotenuse x + 3 = 10 cm.
समकोण त्रिभुज में कर्ण सबसे लंबी भुजा = (x + 3) सेमी होती है।
पाइथागोरस प्रमेय से: (x - 1)^2 + (x + 1)^2 = (x + 3)^2
=> 2x^2 + 2 = x^2 + 6x + 9
=> x^2 - 6x - 7 = 0 => (x - 7)(x + 1) = 0 => x = 7।
कर्ण की लंबाई = x + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10 सेमी (6-8-10 त्रिक)। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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755📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
Two trains are running on parallel tracks in the same direction at the speed of 80 km/h and 90 km/h, respectively. The trains crossed each other in 3 minutes. If the length of one train is 230 m, then what is the length (in m) of the other train?
Explanation
Relative speed in same direction = 90 - 80 = 10 km/h = 10 (5 / 18) = 25/9 m/s. Time = 3 minutes = 180 seconds. Total distance = sum of lengths = Relative speed Time = (25 / 9) 180 = 25 20 = 500 m. Length of other train = 500 - 230 = 270 m.
समान दिशा में सापेक्ष गति = 90 - 80 = 10 किमी/घंटा = 10 (5/18) = 25/9 मी/से। समय = 3 मिनट = 180 सेकंड। दोनों ट्रेनों की कुल लंबाई = सापेक्ष गति समय = (25/9) * 180 = 500 मीटर।
दूसरी ट्रेन की लंबाई = 500 - 230 = 270 मीटर। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
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756📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Distance and Time
A takes 3 hours more than B to walk 'd' km. If A doubles his speed, then he can make it in 1 hour less than B. How much time (in hours) does A require to walk 'd' km?
Explanation
Let original time taken by A be tA, and time by B be tB. Given: tA - tB = 3 => tB = tA - 3. When A doubles his speed, his time becomes tA / 2. Given: tB - (tA / 2) = 1 => (tA - 3) - (tA / 2) = 1 => tA / 2 = 4 => tA = 8 hours.
माना A का मूल समय tA तथा B का समय tB है। tA = tB + 3 => tB = tA - 3।
गति दोगुनी करने पर A का समय = tA / 2 होगा।
दिया है: tB - (tA / 2) = 1 => (tA - 3) - tA / 2 = 1 => tA / 2 = 4 => tA = 8 घंटे। अतः A को 8 घंटे का समय लगता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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757📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense
Reeta is standing facing south-east. First, she turns 135 deg clockwise. After that she turns 90 deg anticlockwise. Then she turns 45 deg clockwise, followed by a 135 deg anticlockwise turn. In which direction is she facing now?
Explanation
Total clockwise turns = 135 deg + 45 deg = +180 deg. Total anticlockwise turns = 90 deg + 135 deg = -225 deg. Net rotation = +180 deg - 225 deg = -45 deg (45 deg anticlockwise). Turning 45 degrees anticlockwise from South-East brings her facing directly East.
कुल दक्षिणावर्त (Clockwise) मोड़ = 135° + 45° = 180°। कुल वामावर्त (Anticlockwise) मोड़ = 90° + 135° = 225°।
शुद्ध मोड़ = 180° - 225° = -45° (वामावर्त 45°)।
दक्षिण-पूर्व (South-East) से वामावर्त 45° घूमने पर वह पूर्व (East) दिशा की ओर उन्मुख होगी। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
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758📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection and Distance
Shri Gautam Pahari exits from the backdoor of his north-facing house and walks 25 m straight, then he takes a left turn and walks 36 m, then he turns left and walks 47 m. He turns left again and walks 36 m. How far and in which direction is he from his house now?
Explanation
The house faces North, so the backdoor opens South. 1) Walks 25 m South. 2) Left turn (facing South, left is East) walks 36 m East. 3) Left turn (facing East, left is North) walks 47 m North. 4) Left turn (facing North, left is West) walks 36 m West. Net position: 36 m East - 36 m West = 0 m in E-W direction; 47 m North - 25 m South = 22 m North of starting point.
मकान का मुख उत्तर में है, अतः पिछला दरवाजा दक्षिण दिशा में होगा।
1. 25 मीटर दक्षिण चलता है। 2. बाएं मुड़कर 36 मीटर पूर्व चलता है। 3. बाएं मुड़कर 47 मीटर उत्तर चलता है। 4. पुनः बाएं मुड़कर 36 मीटर पश्चिम चलता है।
प्रारंभिक बिंदु से स्थिति: 47 - 25 = 22 मीटर उत्तर दिशा में। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
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759📚Basic English & ComprehensionSentence Improvement (Prepositions)
Improve the bold part: It became clear that the strangers were heading into a serious disaster.
Explanation
The natural English preposition indicating movement in the direction of a predicament is 'towards' (or 'for'): 'heading towards a serious disaster'.
आपदा की दिशा में बढ़ने के संदर्भ में 'heading towards' का प्रयोग सबसे उपयुक्त है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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760📚General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KPhysics & Circular Motion
A body moving in a circular path with a constant speed has a:
Explanation
In uniform circular motion, speed (v) is constant, so kinetic energy KE = (1/2) m v^2 remains strictly constant. Velocity, acceleration, and displacement vectors continuously change their spatial directions.
एकसमान वृत्तीय गति में चाल (speed) स्थिर रहती है, इसलिए गतिज ऊर्जा (KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2) सदैव स्थिर (constant) रहती है। जबकि वेग और त्वरण की दिशा लगातार बदलने के कारण वे स्थिर नहीं रहते। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
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761📚General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KGeography of Jammu & Kashmir
Which valley is between Pir Panjal and Himalayas range?
Explanation
The Kashmir Valley (Vale of Kashmir) is an intermontane valley enclosed between the Pir Panjal Range on the southwest and the Main Himalayan Range (Zanskar Range) on the northeast.
प्रसिद्ध कश्मीर घाटी (Kashmir Valley) दक्षिण-पश्चिम में पीर पंजाल पर्वतमाला और उत्तर-पूर्व में महान हिमालय पर्वतमाला के मध्य स्थित है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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762📚General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following is also known as the "sale deed of Kashmir"?
Explanation
The Treaty of Amritsar, signed on 16 March 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, transferred the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees, historically dubbed the 'Sale Deed of Kashmir'.
16 मार्च 1846 को ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी और महाराजा गुलाब सिंह के मध्य हुई 'अमृतसर की संधि' (Treaty of Amritsar) को ऐतिहासिक रूप से 'कश्मीर का बैनामा' (Sale deed of Kashmir) भी कहा जाता है, जिसके तहत 75 लाख नानकशाही रुपयों में कश्मीर सौंपा गया था। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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763📚Basic Road Rules, Driving Methods & Speed LimitsNational Highway Network
Which of the following is the longest National Highway (NH) of India?
Explanation
National Highway 44 (NH 44) is the longest National Highway in India. Stretching approximately 3,745 km (extended to 4,112 km), it runs from Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu in the south.
राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग 44 (NH 44) भारत का सबसे लंबा राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग है, जो उत्तर में जम्मू-कश्मीर के श्रीनगर से लेकर दक्षिण में तमिलनाडु के कन्याकुमारी तक फैला हुआ है। सही विकल्प D है।
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764📚Basic Road Rules, Driving Methods & Speed LimitsPassing & Overtaking Rules
Vehicles proceeding from opposite direction should be allowed to pass through
Explanation
Under Rule 2 of the Rules of the Road Regulations 1989 and Indian left-hand drive traffic laws, a driver must keep to the left side of the road and allow oncoming vehicles approaching from the opposite direction to pass on their right side.
भारत में बाएँ हाथ के नियम (Left-hand driving rule) के अनुसार, विपरीत दिशा से आने वाले वाहनों को हमेशा अपने दाईं ओर (Right side) से निकलने की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए। सही विकल्प A है।
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765📚Basic Road Rules, Driving Methods & Speed LimitsDefensive Driving & Stopping Protocol
Which of the following actions is most important before applying break to stop vehicles?
Explanation
Before applying brakes to slow down or stop a vehicle, the defensive driving routine MSM (Mirror - Signal - Manoeuvre) requires checking rear-view and side mirrors to assess the distance and speed of following vehicles, preventing rear-end collisions.
वाहन को रोकने के लिए ब्रेक लगाने से पहले सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कार्य 'दर्पणों (मिरर) का उपयोग करना' (Use the mirrors) है, ताकि पीछे से आ रहे वाहनों की दूरी और गति देखकर टक्कर से बचा जा सके। सही विकल्प B है।
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766📚Basic Road Rules, Driving Methods & Speed LimitsSpeed, Distance & Time Calculations
A bus covered first 120 km at a speed of 20 km per hour and then covered the remaining 160 km at a speed of 40 km per hour. Then its average speed is
Explanation
Total distance = 120 km+160 km=280 km120\text{ km} + 160\text{ km} = 280\text{ km}. Time for first part t1=12020=6 hourst_1 = \frac{120}{20} = 6\text{ hours}. Time for second part t2=16040=4 hourst_2 = \frac{160}{40} = 4\text{ hours}. Total time = 6+4=10 hours6 + 4 = 10\text{ hours}. Average speed = Total DistanceTotal Time=280 km10 hr=28.0 km/hr\frac{\text{Total Distance}}{\text{Total Time}} = \frac{280\text{ km}}{10\text{ hr}} = 28.0\text{ km/hr}.
कुल दूरी = 120+160=280120 + 160 = 280 किमी। पहला समय = 120/20=6120/20 = 6 घंटे, दूसरा समय = 160/40=4160/40 = 4 घंटे। कुल समय = 10 घंटे। औसत गति = 28010=28.0\frac{280}{10} = 28.0 किमी/घंटा। सही विकल्प B है।
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767📚Basic Road Rules, Driving Methods & Speed LimitsRelative Travel Time & Speed Variation
A car driving initially at 20 km/hr speed. Now driver increase speed from 20 km/hr to 40 km/hr, and takes one hour less than the initial time to cover a certain distance. What is the initial distance covered by the driver?
Explanation
Let the distance be DD km. The time taken at 20 km/hr is D20\frac{D}{20} hours, and at 40 km/hr is D40\frac{D}{40} hours. Given D20−D40=1 hour  ⟹  2D−D40=1  ⟹  D40=1  ⟹  D=40 km\frac{D}{20} - \frac{D}{40} = 1\text{ hour} \implies \frac{2D - D}{40} = 1 \implies \frac{D}{40} = 1 \implies D = 40\text{ km}.
माना दूरी DD किमी है। D20−D40=1\frac{D}{20} - \frac{D}{40} = 1 घंटा। D40=1  ⟹  D=40\frac{D}{40} = 1 \implies D = 40 किमी। सही विकल्प B है।
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768📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsTraffic Police Hand Signals
The following figure, showing a hand signal represents: [Traffic police officer extending left arm horizontally to the side while holding right hand bent at chest level to beckon traffic]
Explanation
In the standard Traffic Police manual of hand signals, when an officer extends one arm horizontally towards the left side while motioning or holding the other arm to control traffic from the right, the signal represents: 'Stopping traffic approaching from the left and to allow traffic coming from right and turning right'.
ट्रैफिक पुलिस के हस्त-संकेत नियमावली के अनुसार, यह मुद्रा 'बाईं ओर से आने वाले यातायात को रोकना और दाईं ओर से आकर दाईं ओर मुड़ने वाले यातायात को निकलने की अनुमति देना' दर्शाती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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769📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsSlowing Down Hand Signal
In the following figure, driver extends his/her right arm in a downward direction and keep moving up and down direction. The signal represents
Explanation
When a driver extends the right arm outside the vehicle with the palm facing downwards and waves it up and down in a slow sweeping motion, it signals to trailing traffic that the driver intends to slow down the vehicle.
जब चालक अपनी दाहिनी भुजा को खिड़की से बाहर निकालकर हथेली नीचे की ओर रखते हुए ऊपर-नीचे हिलाता है, तो यह 'वाहन की गति धीमी करने' (Intended to slow down his vehicle) का संकेत होता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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770📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsRight-Hand Drive Left-Turn Signal
In the following figure, driver extends his/her right arm and rotates it in an anti-clockwise direction. The signal represents
Explanation
In right-hand drive vehicles, because the driver cannot reach across to the passenger side, the statutory hand signal for turning left is extending the right arm outside and rotating it in an anti-clockwise circular direction.
दाएँ हाथ से ड्राइव करने वाले वाहनों में बाईं ओर मुड़ने के लिए चालक अपनी दाहिनी भुजा को बाहर निकालकर वामावर्त (एंटी-क्लॉकवाइज) घुमाता है, जो 'बाईं ओर मुड़ने' (Intended to turn left) का संकेत है। सही विकल्प A है।
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771📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsTraffic Infrastructure & Sign Color Standards
Match the list-1 with list-2 and select the correct pairs using the options given below:
List-1:
i) Road median
ii) Traffic signal
iii) Direction information signs of Expressway
iv) Direction information signs of National Highway
List-2:
1. Green background and White Arrows
2. Blue background and White Arrows
3. Separating opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadway
4. Control the traffic flow, minimize accident possibility
Which of the pair given below is correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching pairs under IRC 67 / MoRTH standards: (i) Road median separates opposing lanes on a divided roadway -> 3; (ii) Traffic signal controls traffic flow and minimizes accidents -> 4; (iii) Direction information signs on Expressways use Blue background with White lettering/arrows -> 2; (iv) Direction information signs on National Highways use Green background with White lettering/arrows -> 1. Correct code: (i)-(3), (ii)-(4), (iii)-(2), (iv)-(1).
सही मिलान: रोड मीडियन -> विभाजित सड़क पर विपरीत दिशा के ट्रैफ़िक को अलग करना (3); ट्रैफ़िक सिग्नल -> ट्रैफ़िक प्रवाह नियंत्रित करना और दुर्घटनाएँ कम करना (4); एक्सप्रेसवे दिशा सूचक चिन्ह -> नीला बैकग्राउंड व सफ़ेद तीर (2); राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग दिशा सूचक चिन्ह -> हरा बैकग्राउंड व सफ़ेद तीर (1)। सही विकल्प D है।
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772📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsDirection Sense & Navigational Geometry
You first drive 5 km towards the south and then turns to the right. After driving 5 km he turns to the left and walks 3 km. Consider all the turning is 90° angle. What direction is he facing right now?
Explanation
Step 1: Move 5 km South (facing South). Step 2: Turn right 90° (now facing West) and move 5 km. Step 3: Turn left 90° (from West, turning left points to South) and walk 3 km. Therefore, he is facing South.
चरण 1: दक्षिण दिशा में 5 किमी चले (मुख दक्षिण)। चरण 2: 90° दाएँ मुड़े (अब मुख पश्चिम) और 5 किमी चले। चरण 3: 90° बाएँ मुड़े (पश्चिम से बाएँ मुड़ने पर मुख दक्षिण होगा) और 3 किमी चले। वर्तमान में मुख दक्षिण दिशा में है। सही विकल्प B है।
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773📚Understanding Signals & Traffic Police Hand SignalsCompass Distortion & Spatial Direction Analysis
There was a direction pole, at right angle crossing of two roads, which was showing all the four correct directions. But due to an accident, it turns in such a manner, that now West pointer is showing South. Now car driver went to the wrong direction thinking that he was travelling towards East. In what direction he was actually travelling?
Explanation
Normal directions: North = 0°, East = 90°, South = 180°, West = 270°. The West pointer (270°) is turned to point towards actual South (180°), meaning the pole rotated 90° anti-clockwise (or shifted by -90°). Thus: The pointer reading 'East' (originally 90°) now points to 90° - 90° = 0°, which is actual North. The driver follows the 'East' pointer, so he was actually travelling towards North.
सामान्य दिशाएँ: उत्तर, पूर्व, दक्षिण, पश्चिम। जब 'पश्चिम' सूचक वास्तविक 'दक्षिण' दर्शाने लगे (90° वामावर्त घूर्णन), तो 'पूर्व' सूचक वास्तविक 'उत्तर' (North) दिशा को दर्शाएगा। चालक पूर्व समझकर वास्तविक उत्तर दिशा में जा रहा था। सही विकल्प B है।
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774📚Traffic Signage & Road MarkingsStandard Sign Classifications & Shapes
Consider the following pairs:
i. Mandatory or Regulatory Signs
ii. Cautionary or Warning Signs
iii. Informatory or Guide Signs
iv. Retro-reflection light
1. Rectangular shape
2. Returned in close to the direction from which it came
3. Circular shape
4. Triangular shape
Which of the pair given below is correctly matched?
Explanation
Under IRC:67 Code of Practice for Road Signs: Mandatory/Regulatory signs are Circular (i -> 3); Cautionary/Warning signs are Triangular (ii -> 4); Informatory/Guide signs are Rectangular (iii -> 1); Retro-reflective materials reflect incident light rays directly back towards their source (iv -> 2). Correct match: (i)-(3), (ii)-(4), (iii)-(1), (iv)-(2).
सड़क संकेतों के मानक: अनिवार्य/नियामक संकेत -> वृत्ताकार (3); चेतावनी संकेत -> त्रिभुजाकार (4); सूचनात्मक संकेत -> आयताकार (1); रेट्रो-रिफ्लेक्शन -> प्रकाश को उसी दिशा में लौटाना (2)। सही विकल्प C है।
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775📚Traffic Signage & Road MarkingsMandatory Directional Signs
The following route markers in a road represents: [Blue circular sign with a white arrow pointing diagonally downwards to the left]
Explanation
A circular blue mandatory sign with a white arrow pointing downward and diagonally to the left instructs motorists: 'Compulsory keep left', typically placed at traffic islands, central dividers, or lane splits.
नीले गोल बोर्ड पर नीचे बायीं ओर झुके सफ़ेद तीर का अनिवार्य संकेत 'अनिवार्य रूप से बाएँ चलें' (Compulsory keep left) का निर्देश देता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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776📚Fitness to Drive, First Aid & Alcohol InfluenceBurn Trauma First Aid
Which among the following is the first step in caring for a burn passenger?
Explanation
The immediate first-aid priority for thermal burn trauma is to cool the affected skin immediately under clean, cool running water for at least 10 to 20 minutes to dissipate trapped heat and halt tissue destruction. Never apply butter or greasy ointments.
जले हुए पीड़ित के प्राथमिक उपचार में पहला और सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कदम जले हुए स्थान पर ठंडा पानी डालना (Apply cold water on the burned area) है ताकि ऊतकों की क्षति को रोका जा सके। सही विकल्प A है।
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777📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsWet Surface Braking Distance Dynamics
Compared to the dry surface, stopping distance of a vehicle on a wet surface is
Explanation
Water on the roadway acts as a lubricant that significantly reduces the coefficient of longitudinal friction (mu\\mu) between tyre rubber and pavement. Since braking distance is given by d = rac{v^2}{2\\mu g}, a reduced mu\\mu causes the stopping distance to increase significantly (often doubling).
सूखी सतह की तुलना में गीली सड़क पर घर्षण गुणांक (Coefficient of friction) कम हो जाता है, जिसके कारण वाहन की रुकने की दूरी (Stopping distance) काफी बढ़ जाती है (Increases)। सही विकल्प A है।
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778📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsHeadlamp Dip Protocols & Anti-Dazzle Rules
Consider the following statements,
Statement-1: It is prohibited to use full beam headlights, when oncoming vehicles are so close as the driver can be dazzled.
Statement-2: It is prohibited to use full beam headlights, when your vehicle is behind another vehicle as the driver is dazzled through their mirrors.
Which of the following combinations is correct
Explanation
Both statements are individually true under Rule 112 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989. Using high-beam headlights is strictly prohibited when approaching oncoming vehicles within dazzling distance and when following closely behind another vehicle, where high beams reflect into the lead driver's interior and side mirrors.
दोनों कथन सही हैं। केंद्रीय मोटर वाहन नियमों के अनुसार, सामने से आते वाहनों के पास होने पर और आगे चल रहे वाहन के ठीक पीछे होने पर (क्योंकि शीशों से चकाचौंध होती है) हाई बीम का उपयोग करना प्रतिबंधित है। सही विकल्प A है।
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779📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsSkid Mechanics & Wheel Lockup
If the distance travel along the road is more than the movement of wheel circumference, while applying sudden break in wet road may cause of
Explanation
In automotive engineering: 'Skidding' occurs when braking locks the wheels or reduces their rotational movement such that the linear distance travelled by the vehicle exceeds the rotational distance of the wheel circumference (d>2πr⋅nd > 2\pi r \cdot n). Conversely, 'slip' occurs during acceleration when the wheels spin faster than road progress.
जब अचानक ब्रेक लगाने पर सड़क पर तय की गई दूरी पहिये की परिधि के घूर्णन से अधिक हो जाती है, तो पहिये लॉक होकर फिसलने लगते हैं; इस स्थिति को 'स्किडिंग' (Skidding) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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780📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsVehicle Towing Mechanics & Force Vectors
Which among the following force exerted on the cable, when a car towing another car by using a cable
Explanation
A flexible towing line, chain, or cable can only transmit forces along its length in the direction of pulling. When a lead vehicle pulls a disabled vehicle, the internal pulling force exerted throughout the cable is known as 'Tension force'.
जब किसी केबल द्वारा एक कार को दूसरी कार से टो (खींचा) किया जाता है, तो केबल पर लगने वाला खिंचाव बल 'तनाव बल' (Tension force) कहलाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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781📚Vehicle Pollution, Emissions & Noise StandardsZero-Emission Sustainable Mobility
Which of the following mode of transportation will have the least negative impact on air quality?
Explanation
A Bicycle is a zero-emission, human-powered mode of active transport that burns no fossil fuel and produces zero exhaust pollutants, making it the most environmentally benign transport option.
दिए गए विकल्पों में 'साइकिल' (Bicycle) शून्य उत्सर्जन वाला परिवहन साधन है, जिसका वायु गुणवत्ता पर सबसे कम (शून्य) नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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782📚Motor Parts, Assemblies, Maintenance & DiagnosticsAutomotive Component & Fuel Metrics
Consider the following pairs,
i. Carburetor
ii. Cetan Number (CN)
iii. Odometer
iv. Viscosity
1. Track the travel distance
2. Important characteristics of a lubricating oil
3. Provide a ratio of mixture of air and fuel for easy combustion in the engine
4. Indicator of ignition quality or combustion speed of diesel fuel
Which of the pair given below is correctly matched?
Explanation
Correct pairings: (i) Carburetor blends air and petrol in stoichiometric proportion for engine combustion -> 3; (ii) Cetane Number (CN) measures the ignition delay and combustion quality of diesel fuel -> 4; (iii) Odometer records total cumulative travel distance of the vehicle -> 1; (iv) Viscosity is the primary physical flow resistance property of engine lubricating oil -> 2. Correct match: (i)-(3), (ii)-(4), (iii)-(1), (iv)-(2).
सही मिलान: कार्बोरेटर -> दहन हेतु वायु और ईंधन का मिश्रण बनाना (3); सीटेन संख्या -> डीजल ईंधन की प्रज्वलन गुणवत्ता (4); ओडोमीटर -> वाहन द्वारा तय की गई दूरी दर्ज करना (1); विस्कोसिटी (श्यानता) -> लूब्रिकेंट तेल का प्रमुख गुण (2)। सही विकल्प C है।
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783📚Motor Parts, Assemblies, Maintenance & DiagnosticsAutomotive Aerodynamics & Drag Reduction
The shape of the fast-moving car should be designed in such a way that the "air drag" is
Explanation
Modern high-speed automobiles are designed with streamlined, teardrop profiles and low frontal cross-sectional areas to minimize the aerodynamic drag coefficient (CdC_d). Minimizing air drag improves fuel economy, enhances high-speed directional stability, and reduces wind noise.
तेज गति से चलने वाली कारों का आकार वायुगतिकीय (एरोडायनामिक) रूप से सुव्यवस्थित बनाया जाता है ताकि 'वायु प्रतिरोध' (Air drag) न्यूनतम (Minimum) रहे, जिससे गति और ईंधन दक्षता बढ़ती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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784📚Motor Parts, Assemblies, Maintenance & DiagnosticsEngine Kinematics & Stroke Geometry
Which of the following options correctly refer "stroke" of the engine
Explanation
In reciprocating internal combustion engines, the 'stroke' is defined as the linear distance traversed by the piston moving from Top Dead Centre (T.D.C. — highest point of travel) to Bottom Dead Centre (B.D.C. — lowest point of travel), equal to twice the crank radius (L=2rL = 2r).
इंजन के संदर्भ में 'स्ट्रोक' (Stroke) का तात्पर्य 'पिस्टन द्वारा T.D.C. (टॉप डेड सेंटर) और B.D.C. (बॉटम डेड सेंटर) के बीच तय की गई दूरी' (Travel of piston between T.D.C. and B.D.C.) से होता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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785📚Motor Parts, Assemblies, Maintenance & DiagnosticsWheel Balancing & Wheel Alignment Dynamics
Consider the following statements,
Statement-1: Wheel balancing involves placing weights on the wheel rim to reduce any inconsistencies in weight distribution and improving riding quality
Statement-2: Wheel alignment involves adjusting the angles of the wheels as per manufacturer's specifications and improving steering response
Which of the following combinations is correct
Explanation
Both statements are individually true. Wheel balancing corrects static and dynamic mass imbalances by clipping or sticking lead/zinc counterweights on the rim to eliminate vibrations. Wheel alignment adjusts geometric suspension angles (camber, caster, and toe) relative to the vehicle chassis to optimize tyre life, directional tracking, and steering stability.
दोनों कथन सही हैं। व्हील बैलेंसिंग में रिम पर वजन लगाकर पहिये का द्रव्यमान संतुलित किया जाता है ताकि कंपन न हो। व्हील अलाइनमेंट में पहियों के कोण (कैम्बर, कास्टर, टो) समायोजित किए जाते हैं ताकि स्टीयरिंग बेहतर रहे और टायर न घिसें। सही विकल्प A है।
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786📚Motor Parts, Assemblies, Maintenance & DiagnosticsAutomotive Cranking & Starting Circuitry
Which of the following is used to supply power to starter motors of a diesel engine vehicle
Explanation
The automotive storage Battery (typically a 12V or 24V heavy-duty lead-acid battery) provides the massive DC cranking current (often 300 to 800+ Amperes) required by the electric starter motor to crank and turn over a high-compression diesel engine.
डीजल इंजन को स्टार्ट करने के लिए स्टार्टर मोटर को उच्च विद्युत धारा की आपूर्ति वाहन की 'बैटरी' (Battery) द्वारा की जाती है। इंजन शुरू होने के बाद अल्टरनेटर बैटरी को चार्ज करता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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787📚Paper, Ink & Platemaking ChemistryPaper Cutting & Dutch Cut Layouts
What is a dutch cut or nonstandard cut?
Explanation
A 'Dutch cut' (combination cut) is a non-standard cutting layout wherein smaller pieces are arranged in two different grain directions (some horizontal and some vertical) within the same master parent sheet to maximize yield and obtain extra sheets that standard unidirectional cutting would waste.
डच कट (Dutch cut) या गैर-मानक कटिंग वह प्रक्रिया है जिसमें मूल शीट से अतिरिक्त प्रतियां (कागज की बचत) प्राप्त करने के लिए शीटों को दोनों दिशाओं (आड़ी और तिरछी) में संयोजित करके काटा जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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788📚Paper, Ink & Platemaking ChemistrySilver Halide Photochemistry & Sensitivity
Choose the correct order in which the sensitivity of the following emulsions is arrange from most sensitive to least sensitive.
Explanation
In photographic emulsion science, the intrinsic light sensitivity of silver halides follows the order: Silver bromide (AgBrAgBr, highest photographic speed, used in camera films) > Silver iodide (AgIAgI, added in small percentages to enhance sensitivity) > Silver chloride (AgClAgCl, slow speed, used in contact papers and duplicating films). Correct order: Silver bromide, Silver iodide, Silver chloride.
सिल्वर हैलाइड इमल्शन की प्रकाश संवेदनशीलता का घटता क्रम है: सिल्वर ब्रोमाइड (AgBrAgBr, सर्वाधिक संवेदनशील) > सिल्वर आयोडाइड (AgIAgI) > सिल्वर क्लोराइड (AgClAgCl, सबसे कम संवेदनशील)। सही विकल्प B है।
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789📚Color Reproduction, Sensitometry & Quality ControlQuality Control Targets: Slur & Doubling
_____ is a test image that shows variations in the amount of slur and doubling along its length when printed around the cylinder.
Explanation
The GATF Ladder Target (or ladder gauge) consists of alternating parallel lines oriented perpendicular and parallel to the direction of cylinder rotation. When printed around the cylinder circumference, slippage or movement between cylinders causes the rungs to bridge, visually indicating the direction and magnitude of press slur and doubling.
सिलेंडर के चारों ओर मुद्रित होने पर जो परीक्षण छवि अपनी लंबाई में स्लूर और डबलिंग की भिन्नताओं को दर्शाती है, उसे 'लैडर टारगेट' (Ladder target / सीढ़ीनुमा गेज) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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790📚Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsPaper Folding: Parallel vs Right-Angle Folds
_____ is an example for parallel fold
Explanation
An 'Accordion fold' (concertina fold or zig-zag fold) is a textbook example of a parallel fold, wherein two or more parallel folds are made in alternating directions such that the sheet opens like an accordion. French fold and signature folds involve perpendicular right-angle folds.
'अकॉर्डियन फोल्ड' (Accordion fold / ज़िग-ज़ैग फोल्ड) समानांतर मोड़ (Parallel fold) का प्रमुख उदाहरण है, जहाँ सभी मोड़ एक-दूसरे के समानांतर होते हैं। सही विकल्प B है।
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791📚Color Reproduction, Sensitometry & Quality ControlHalftone Screening: AM vs FM
Choose a type of screening method from below, used in conventional prepress consists of halftone dots of different sizes according to tone value, but at constant distance from one another.
Explanation
Amplitude Modulated (AM) screening (conventional screening) maintains a constant, fixed dot pitch/frequency (distance between dot centers) on a regular grid while varying the physical size/area (amplitude) of individual dots to represent tone values. (FM or stochastic screening varies dot frequency while keeping dot size constant).
वह स्क्रीनिंग विधि जिसमें हाफ़टोन डॉट्स की आपसी दूरी समान (निश्चित) रहती है लेकिन टोन के अनुसार डॉट्स का आकार (Size) बदलता है, 'एम्प्लिट्यूड मॉड्यूलेटेड स्क्रीनिंग' (Amplitude modulated screening - AM screening) कहलाती है। सही विकल्प A है।
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792📚Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsImposition Layout: Work & Turn vs Work & Tumble
The page layout that leads to turning the sheet round the axis of the direction of printing, the right edge becomes the left edge, the front edge remains the same is termed as
Explanation
In press imposition terminology, 'Work and turn' is the press operation where the sheet is turned over side-to-side (around an axis aligned with the direction of printing). The front edge (gripper edge) remains exactly the same, while the side guide changes (the right edge becomes the left edge). In 'Work and tumble', the sheet is flipped end-over-end, switching the gripper edge.
जब शीट को साइड-टू-साइड इस प्रकार पलटा जाता है कि आगे का ग्रिपर किनारा वही रहता है लेकिन दायाँ किनारा बायाँ किनारा बन जाता है, तो इस लेआउट को 'वर्क एंड टर्न' (Work and turn) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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793📚General Microbiology, Bacteriology & Staining TechniquesMicroscopic Examination: Bacterial Motility
The hanging drop technique is primarily utilized to examine bacterial:
Explanation
The hanging drop technique is a classic microscopic wet mount preparation used to observe the motility behavior of living, unstained microorganisms in a suspended fluid droplet within a concave cavity slide, allowing true directional flagellar movement to be distinguished from passive Brownian motion.
हैंगिंग ड्रॉप तकनीक (Hanging drop technique) का प्राथमिक उपयोग जीवित बैक्टीरिया की गतिशीलता (Motility behaviour) की जांच करने के लिए किया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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794📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisThermally Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses
Which among the following fungi exhibits thermal dimorphism-existing in mold form at lower temperatures and yeast form at body temperature?
Explanation
Histoplasma capsulatum is a classic thermally dimorphic endemic systemic fungal pathogen. In nature or in vitro at ambient temperatures (25°C), it grows as a saprophytic mold with tuberculate macroconidia; at mammalian body temperature (37°C), it converts into a small parasitic yeast inside reticuloendothelial macrophages.
'हिस्टोप्लाज्मा कैप्सूलैटम' (Histoplasma capsulatum) थर्मल डाइमॉर्फिज्म प्रदर्शित करता है—यह 25°C पर फफूंद (Mold) के रूप में और 37°C शरीर के तापमान पर यीस्ट (Yeast) के रूप में मौजूद रहता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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795📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisDermatophytes: Hyphae & Macroconidia Morphology
A filamentous fungus that forms septate hyphae and produces large, multicelled macroconidia most likely belongs to:
Explanation
Trichophyton rubrum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte featuring septate hyphae that produces characteristic pencil- or cigar-shaped, thin-walled, multi-celled macroconidia (along with teardrop microconidia). Candida and Cryptococcus are unicellular yeasts, while Malassezia forms unbranched short hyphae with yeast cells.
पटयुक्त हाइफी (Septate hyphae) और बड़े, बहुकोशिकीय मैक्रोकोनिडिया बनाने वाला फिलामेंटस कवक 'ट्राइकोफाइटन रूब्रम' (Trichophyton rubrum / डर्मेटोफाइट) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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796📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisIndustrial & Applied Mycology
Identify the non-pathogenic yeast frequently employed in industrial fermentation processes like baking and brewing:
Explanation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's and brewer's yeast) is the non-pathogenic model budding yeast used universally in commercial bread baking, ethanol brewing, winemaking, and recombinant biotechnology.
बेकिंग और ब्रूइंग जैसे औद्योगिक किण्वन प्रक्रियाओं में व्यापक रूप से इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला गैर-रोगजनक यीस्ट 'सैक्रोमाइसीस सेरेविसिया' (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) है। सही विकल्प A है।
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797📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisOpportunistic Fungi: Cryptococcus
Which encapsulated yeast is urease-positive and associated with meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with AIDS?
Explanation
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, urease-positive basidiomycetous yeast. In severely immunocompromised individuals (such as patients with advanced HIV/AIDS, CD4 < 100/uL), it disseminates to the central nervous system to cause life-threatening subacute cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
कैप्सूल-युक्त, यूरिएज-पॉजिटिव यीस्ट जो एड्स रोगियों में जानलेवा मेनिंगोएन्सेफलाइटिस का कारण बनता है, 'क्रिप्टोकोकस नियोफॉर्मन्स' (Cryptococcus neoformans) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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798📚Clinical Biochemistry, Enzymology & SpectrophotometryRenal Function: Urea Nitrogen Influences
Which of the following factors exerts the least influence on blood urea concentration?
Explanation
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is profoundly impacted by renal excretion efficiency (chronic renal failure), renal perfusion (prerenal azotemia from dehydration), and substrate load (high protein catabolism). A hyperthyroid state marginally increases turnover but exerts the least direct influence on circulating urea levels among the choices.
रक्त यूरिया की सांद्रता पर आहार में प्रोटीन, गुर्दे की विफलता और निर्जलीकरण का गहरा प्रभाव पड़ता है, जबकि 'हाइपरथायरायड चयापचय अवस्था' (Hyperthyroid metabolic state) का प्रभाव सबसे कम होता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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799📚Virology, Medical Parasitology & EntomologyHIV Diagnostics & Molecular Virology
Which diagnostic technique offers the highest sensitivity for detecting HIV infection during its early phase?
Explanation
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) offers the highest analytical sensitivity for detecting acute HIV infection during the initial 'window period' (first 10–14 days). RT-PCR directly amplifies and quantifies circulating viral genomic RNA in plasma days to weeks before host anti-HIV IgM/IgG antibodies or p24 antigen become detectable by serological or Western blot assays.
रिवर्स ट्रांसक्रिप्शन-पॉलीमरेज़ चेन रिएक्शन (RT-PCR) तीव्र एचआईवी संक्रमण के प्रारंभिक चरण (विंडो पीरियड) में पता लगाने के लिए सबसे संवेदनशील तकनीक है, क्योंकि यह रक्त प्लाज्मा में सीधे वायरल आरएनए को पहचानती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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800📚Virology, Medical Parasitology & EntomologyHemoflagellates: African Trypanosomiasis
'Winterbottom's sign' is typically associated with which parasitic infection?
Explanation
Winterbottom's sign refers to marked enlargement and non-tender swelling of the posterior cervical lymph nodes along the posterior triangle of the neck. It is a classic clinical indicator of the early hemolymphatic phase of West African human sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina).
'विंटरबॉटम्स साइन' (Winterbottom's sign) गर्दन के पिछले हिस्से के लिम्फ नोड्स की सूजन को दर्शाता है और यह 'ट्रिपैनोसोमा ब्रूसी गैम्बिएंस' (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) के कारण होने वाले स्लीपिंग सिकनेस से संबंधित है। सही विकल्प B है।
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801📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisCryptococcal Diagnostics: Negative Staining
India ink preparation is useful for identifying which fungal infection?
Explanation
India ink negative staining is a rapid microscopic diagnostic test for Cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or other body fluids. The colossal acidic mucopolysaccharide (glucuronoxylomannan) capsule excludes the black colloidal carbon particles, standing out as a conspicuous luminous halo surrounding the budding yeast cell.
इंडिया इंक प्रिपरेशन (India ink preparation) का उपयोग 'क्रिप्टोकोकस नियोफॉर्मन्स' (Cryptococcus neoformans) के कैप्सूल की पहचान करने के लिए किया जाता है, जो काले बैकग्राउंड में एक स्पष्ट प्रभामंडल (halo) दिखाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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802📚Clinical Biochemistry, Enzymology & SpectrophotometryPlasma Lipoproteins: Composition & Density
Which lipoprotein exhibits the highest proportion of lipid relative to its protein content?
Explanation
Chylomicrons have the highest lipid-to-protein ratio (approximately 98–99% lipid and only 1–2% protein by weight), giving them the largest diameter (up to 1000 nm) and lowest density of all plasma lipoproteins, specialized for transporting dietary triglycerides from the intestines.
काइलोमाइक्रोन (Chylomicrons) में प्रोटीन की तुलना में लिपिड का अनुपात सबसे अधिक होता है (लगभग 98-99% लिपिड और केवल 1-2% प्रोटीन), जिससे इनका घनत्व सबसे कम होता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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803🔬General ScienceFood Technology & Preservation
Which of the following is a common method of food preservation?
Explanation
Fermentation is an ancient and widely used biological method of food preservation where beneficial microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria or yeasts) convert carbohydrates into organic acids or alcohol, lowering pH and inhibiting pathogenic spoilage flora.
किण्वन (Fermentation) खाद्य संरक्षण की एक सामान्य और प्रमुख विधि है जिसमें सूक्ष्मजीव कार्बोहाइड्रेट को कार्बनिक अम्ल या अल्कोहल में परिवर्तित करते हैं, जिससे रोगजनक बैक्टीरिया की वृद्धि रुक जाती है।
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804🔬General ScienceFood Technology & Preservation
Chemical used most commonly for preservation of fruit juices is:
Explanation
Sodium benzoate (Class II preservative) is the most widely utilized preservative for acidic fruit juices (pH < 4.5). It is converted into undissociated benzoic acid in acidic conditions, penetrating microbial cell membranes to inhibit yeasts and moulds.
फलों के रसों के संरक्षण के लिए सबसे अधिक इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला रसायन सोडियम बेंजोएट (Sodium benzoate) है, जो अम्लीय माध्यम में यीस्ट और मोल्ड को रोकता है।
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805🔬General ScienceFood Technology & Preservation
Microorganism most commonly associated with wine production:
Explanation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's / wine yeast) is the primary yeast species used in winemaking. It ferments fermentable sugars (glucose and fructose) in grape must into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
शराब (वाइन) उत्पादन के लिए सबसे आम सूक्ष्मजीव सैक्रोमाइसेस सेरेविसी (Saccharomyces cerevisiae - यीस्ट) है, जो शर्करा को अल्कोहल में किण्वित करता है।
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806🔬General ScienceFood Technology & Preservation
Match the following:
Column - A (Specification):
i. Canned food container
ii. Colour
iii. Food safety label
iv. Drained weight in canned fruit
v. Maximum tin content
Column - B (FSSAI Standard):
1. Should be hermetically sealed
2. 250 ppm
3. At least 50% of net content
4. Must include batch number and expiry date
5. Permitted

Options:
Explanation
The correct matches according to FSSAI standards are:
- Canned food container (i) -> Should be hermetically sealed (1)
- Colour (ii) -> Permitted synthetic food colours within regulatory limits (5)
- Food safety label (iii) -> Must include batch number and expiry date (4)
- Drained weight in canned fruit (iv) -> At least 50% of net content (3)
- Maximum tin content (v) -> 250 ppm (2)
Thus, Option A (i-1, ii-5, iii-4, iv-3, v-2) is correct.
FSSAI मानकों के अनुसार सही मिलान:
- डिब्बाबंद खाद्य कंटेनर (i) -> हर्मेटिकली सीलबंद होना चाहिए (1)
- रंग (ii) -> केवल अनुमत (Permitted) रंग (5)
- खाद्य सुरक्षा लेबल (iii) -> बैच नंबर और समाप्ति तिथि अनिवार्य (4)
- फलों का ड्रेन्ड वेट (iv) -> कम से कम 50% शुद्ध सामग्री (3)
- अधिकतम टिन सामग्री (v) -> 250 ppm (2)
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807🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
What is the sag correction in chaining?
Explanation
When a chain or tape is suspended between two supports, it sags in a catenary curve, making the recorded distance longer than the true horizontal chord distance. Hence, the sag correction is always subtractive (always negative).
जरीब या फीते के अपने वजन के कारण झोल (Sag) उत्पन्न होता है जिससे मापी गई दूरी अधिक आती है, अतः सैग सुधार (Sag correction) हमेशा ऋणात्मक (Always negative) होता है।
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808🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
A building setback is:
Explanation
In municipal building bylaws, a setback is the mandatory minimum open distance required between a building's outer walls and the plot boundary lines (front, rear, and sides) to ensure adequate ventilation, natural light, and fire safety.
भवन निर्माण उपनियमों में सेटबैक (Building setback) इमारत की दीवार और भूखंड की सीमा के बीच छोड़ी जाने वाली न्यूनतम अनिवार्य खुली दूरी होती है।
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809🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
What is dead storage in a reservoir?
Explanation
Dead storage is the permanent pool volume of water retained in a reservoir below the lowest outlet sill level (invert level of the lowest sluice), which cannot be withdrawn by gravity and is earmarked for sediment accumulation.
जलाशय में 'डेड स्टोरेज' (Dead storage) सबसे निचले आउटलेट स्तर के नीचे का पानी (Water below the outlet level) होता है जिसे गुरुत्वाकर्षण द्वारा बाहर नहीं निकाला जा सकता।
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810🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
The angle between the magnetic meridian and the line surveyed is called:
Explanation
The horizontal angle between a surveyed line and the magnetic meridian (direction shown by a freely suspended magnetic needle) is defined as the magnetic bearing (or simply bearing) of the line.
चुंबकीय याम्योत्तर (magnetic meridian) और सर्वेक्षण रेखा के बीच के क्षैतिज कोण को चुंबकीय दिक्मान या बेयरिंग (Bearing) कहा जाता है।
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811🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
A total station can measure distances using:
Explanation
A total station integrates an electronic theodolite with an onboard Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) that uses modulated infrared light or laser carrier waves to measure slope distances with millimeter-level accuracy.
टोटल स्टेशन में दूरियों को मापने के लिए इलेक्ट्रॉनिक डिस्टेंस मेजरमेंट (EDM - Electronic Distance Meter) तकनीक का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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812🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
Arrange the following in order of seed production hierarchy (highest to lowest purity):
I. Certified seed
II. Foundation seed
III. Breeder seed
IV. Truthfully labeled seed
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
The seed certification purity hierarchy in Indian seed technology from highest to lowest is: Breeder seed (100% genetic purity) -> Foundation seed (99.5%) -> Certified seed (98-99%) -> Truthfully labeled (TL) seed (Option A: III -> II -> I -> IV).
बीज उत्पादन पदानुक्रम में शुद्धता का घटता हुआ सही क्रम है: प्रजनक बीज (III) -> आधार बीज (II) -> प्रमाणित बीज (I) -> यथार्थ लेबल युक्त बीज (IV)। अतः सही विकल्प A (III, II, I, IV) है।
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813🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
Match plant hormone with its discovery source:
i. Auxin
ii. Gibberellin
iii. Cytokinin
iv. Ethylene
1. Germinating seeds / Coleoptile
2. Rice seedlings
3. Coconut milk
4. Ripening fruits
Options:
Explanation
Historical discoveries of plant hormones:
- Auxin (i) -> Oat/Canary grass coleoptiles and germinating seeds (Went & Darwin) (1)
- Gibberellin (ii) -> 'Bakanae' foolish seedling disease of rice infected by Gibberella fujikuroi (Kurosawa) (2)
- Cytokinin (iii) -> Coconut milk / yeast extract promoting cell division (Skoog & Miller) (3)
- Ethylene (iv) -> Volatile gas emitted by ripening oranges/fruits (Cousins) (4)
Thus, Option D (i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4) is correct.
पादप हार्मोन और उनके खोज स्रोतों का सही मिलान:
- ऑक्सिन (i) -> अंकुरित बीज / प्ररोह चोल (Coleoptile) (1)
- जिबरेलिन (ii) -> धान के अंकुर (बकाने रोग) (2)
- साइटोकाइनिन (iii) -> नारियल का दूध (3)
- एथिलीन (iv) -> पकने वाले फल (4)। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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814🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Excessive pesticide use leads to resistance in pests.
Reason (R): Pesticide rotation reduces the chance of resistance buildup.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are factually true. Excessive, repeated spraying exerts intense directional selection pressure favoring rare resistant genotypes (A). Rotating insecticide classes with different modes of action eliminates survivors and curbs resistance buildup (R). However, R is a management solution, not the biological cause of A.
दोनों कथन (A) और (R) सत्य हैं, लेकिन R, A का सही कारण नहीं है। अत्यधिक कीटनाशक उपयोग प्राकृतिक चयन के कारण प्रतिरोध उत्पन्न करता है, जबकि कीटनाशकों का चक्रीकरण इसे रोकने का एक उपाय है।
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815🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
Arrange the following in order for IPM implementation:
I. Monitoring pest population
II. Identifying pest threshold
III. Choosing control method
IV. Evaluating effectiveness
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
The proper sequential cycle for implementing Integrated Pest Management is:
1. Regular scouting and monitoring of pest populations (I)
2. Comparing counts against the Economic Threshold Level (II)
3. Selecting the most targeted, least disruptive control tactic (III)
4. Post-treatment evaluation of control effectiveness (IV).
Thus, I -> II -> III -> IV (Option A) is correct.
IPM कार्यान्वयन का सही क्रम है: कीट आबादी की निगरानी करना (I) -> आर्थिक दहलीज स्तर की पहचान करना (II) -> उचित नियंत्रण विधि चुनना (III) -> प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करना (IV)। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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816🔬General ScienceSericulture & Mulberry Cultivation
Identify the correct statements with regard to the specifications of cuttings used as planting material for mulberry plantation in sericulture
i. 4-8 month old hardwood branches
ii. No specific diameter
iii. 18-20 cm long with a minimum of three buds
iv. Irregular ends
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Standard mulberry cuttings for vegetative propagation are prepared from healthy 4-8 month old semi-hardwood branches, cut to a length of 18-20 cm possessing at least 3 active viable buds, with a clean slanting cut at the base (diameter 10-12 mm, pencil thickness). Thus, statements i and iii are correct.
शहतूत के रोपण के लिए तैयार की जाने वाली कलमों (cuttings) को 4-8 महीने पुरानी शाखाओं से काटा जाता है और इनकी लंबाई 18-20 सेमी होती है जिसमें कम से कम 3 सक्रिय कलिकाएं (buds) होनी चाहिए। अतः कथन i और iii सही हैं।
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817📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndian History & Freedom Struggle
Which of the following statements about the Poona Pact of 1932 is Correct?
A) It was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League to grant separate representation to religious minorities in provincial legislatures.
B) It was a truce between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin that suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement.
C) It is an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar on the issue of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Dalits).
D) It ended the East India Company (EIC) rule by transferring power to the British Parliament by reducing the EIC to a trading body.
Explanation
The Poona Pact was signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Poona between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (on behalf of the Depressed Classes) and Madan Mohan Malaviya / Mahatma Gandhi. Under the pact, separate electorates for the Depressed Classes announced in the British Communal Award were abandoned in favor of reserved seats within the general electorate.
पूना पैक्ट (1932) यरवदा जेल में महात्मा गांधी और डॉ. बी.आर. अम्बेडकर के बीच दलित वर्गों (Depressed Classes) के लिए पृथक निर्वाचक मंडल (separate electorates) के मुद्दे पर हुआ एक ऐतिहासिक समझौता था, जिसके तहत पृथक निर्वाचक मंडल को त्यागकर संयुक्त निर्वाचक मंडल में आरक्षित सीटें दी गईं।
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818📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsInternational Organizations
Which of the following statements about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is/are correct?
i. ASEAN was founded on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
ii. Brunei joined in 1984, followed by Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia between 1995 and 1999.
iii. Today, ASEAN has 10 member states, working together for regional cooperation and development.
A) Only i
B) Only i and ii
C) Only ii and iii
D) All of the above
Explanation
All three statements about ASEAN are factually correct: (i) founded on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the five founding members; (ii) Brunei joined in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999; (iii) it comprises 10 member states fostering political, security, economic, and socio-cultural cooperation.
आसियान (ASEAN) के संबंध में तीनों कथन पूरी तरह सही हैं: इसकी स्थापना 8 अगस्त 1967 को बैंकॉक घोषणापत्र द्वारा 5 देशों ने की (i); बाद में ब्रुनेई (1984), वियतनाम, लाओस, म्यांमार और कंबोडिया (1995-1999) शामिल हुए (ii); और आज इसके 10 सदस्य देश हैं (iii)। अतः विकल्प D (All of the above) सही है।
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819📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsAwards & Honors
Match the following pairs:
Nobel Prize Award Winners 2024 - Category
i) Medicine
ii) Physics
iii) Chemistry
iv) Literature

Recipient(s)
1) David Baker, and Demis Hassabis and John Jumper
2) John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton
3) Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
4) Han Kang

Choose the correct option:
A) i-3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2
B) i-2, ii-3, iii-1, iv-4
C) i-4, ii-2, iii-3, iv-1
D) i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4
Explanation
Nobel Prize Winners 2024: i) Medicine: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for the discovery of microRNA (3); ii) Physics: John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for foundational discoveries in machine learning with artificial neural networks (2); iii) Chemistry: David Baker (computational protein design) and Demis Hassabis & John M. Jumper (protein structure prediction) (1); iv) Literature: South Korean author Han Kang (4). Hence, i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4 (Option D) is correct.
नोबेल पुरस्कार 2024 के विजेता: चिकित्सा - विक्टर एम्ब्रोस और गैरी रुवकुन (3); भौतिकी - जॉन जे. हॉपफील्ड और जेफ्री ई. हिंटन (2); रसायन विज्ञान - डेविड बेकर, डेमिस हसाबिस और जॉन जम्पर (1); साहित्य - हान कांग (4)। अतः विकल्प D (i-3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4) सही है।
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820📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsIndian Geography - Rivers & Drainage
In which Indian state/states does the Mahi River cross the Tropic of Cancer?
A) Madhya Pradesh only
B) Gujarat only
C) Rajasthan and Gujarat
D) Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat
Explanation
The Mahi River is the only river in India that crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice: first in Rajasthan (Banswara district) as it flows north, and second as it loops south-westward towards Gujarat. Thus, it crosses the Tropic of Cancer in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
माही नदी भारत की एकमात्र ऐसी नदी है जो कर्क रेखा को दो बार काटती है: पहली बार राजस्थान के बांसवाड़ा में उत्तर की ओर बहते हुए, और दूसरी बार राजस्थान से गुजरात में प्रवेश करते हुए दक्षिण-पश्चिम की ओर मुड़ते समय। अतः यह राजस्थान और गुजरात में कर्क रेखा को पार करती है।
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821📚Computer Science & ITProgramming Languages & Execution
Arrange the following programming languages in ascending order of execution speed.
A) Python, Java, C, Machine Code
B) Java, Python, C, Machine Code
C) Machine Code, C, Java, Python
D) Machine Code, Python, C, Java
Explanation
In ascending order of execution speed (slowest to fastest): Python (interpreted dynamic high-level language, slowest) < Java (bytecode compiled, runs on JVM with JIT) < C (compiled directly to native object code) < Machine Code (native binary instructions executed directly by the CPU hardware with zero abstraction overhead, fastest). Hence, Option A is correct.
निष्पादन गति के बढ़ते क्रम में (धीमी से सबसे तेज): पायथन (इंटरप्रिटेड, सबसे धीमी) < जावा (JVM बाइटकोड) < सी भाषा (कंपाइल की गई नेटिव भाषा) < मशीन कोड (हार्डवेयर द्वारा सीधे निष्पादित बाइनरी कोड, सबसे तेज)। अतः सही क्रम Python, Java, C, Machine Code (विकल्प A) है।
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822📚Computer Science & ITAlgorithms & Graph Theory
Which algorithm is used by Google Maps to calculate the fastest route based on travel time?
A) Breadth-First Search (BFS)
B) Depth-First Search (DFS)
C) Dijkstra's Algorithm
D) Bellman-Ford Algorithm
Explanation
Google Maps and modern GPS navigation systems model road networks as weighted directed graphs (where edge weights represent distance or real-time travel time) and use Dijkstra's Algorithm (and its heuristic variant, the A* Search algorithm) to compute the single-source shortest/fastest path between origin and destination.
गूगल मैप्स और जीपीएस नेविगेशन सिस्टम सड़क नेटवर्क के ग्राफ में सबसे तेज मार्ग (न्यूनतम यात्रा समय) की गणना करने के लिए डिजक्स्ट्रा एल्गोरिदम (Dijkstra's Algorithm / A* सर्च) का उपयोग करते हैं।
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823📚Computer Science & ITStorage Devices & Media
Arrange the following storage media in ascending order of storage density.
A) Magnetic Tape → Optical Disc → Hard Disk Drive → Solid State Drive
B) Optical Disc → Solid State Drive → Magnetic Tape → Hard Disk Drive
C) Magnetic Tape → Hard Disk Drive → Optical Disc → Solid State Drive
D) Hard Disk Drive → Magnetic Tape → Solid State Drive → Optical Disc
Explanation
In terms of physical recording density (areal data density per unit surface area/volume): Magnetic Tape (lowest areal density per square inch due to physical track spacing) < Optical Disc (CD/DVD/Blu-ray pit micron scale) < Hard Disk Drive (magnetic platter areal density reaching ~1 Terabit/in^2) < Solid State Drive (3D NAND flash stacked multi-layer silicon microscopic density, highest). Hence, Option A is correct.
स्टोरेज घनत्व (Storage density) के बढ़ते क्रम में: मैग्नेटिक टेप < ऑप्टिकल डिस्क (CD/DVD) < हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव (HDD) < सॉलिड स्टेट ड्राइव (SSD 3D-NAND फ्लैश)। अतः सही क्रम विकल्प A है।
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824📚StatisticsProbability Theory
Let A, B and C be three events such that P(A ∩ B) = 1/4, P(A ∩ C) = 1/5, P(B ∩ C) = 1/5, and P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 1/6. The probability that at least two events occur is equal to:
A) 13/60
B) 19/60
C) 29/60
D) 31/60
Explanation
The probability that at least two of the three events occur is given by: P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ C) + P(B ∩ C) - P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/6 = (15 + 12 + 12 - 10)/60 = 29/60. Thus, Option C is correct.
कम से कम दो घटनाओं के घटित होने की प्रायिकता = P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ C) + P(B ∩ C) - P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/6 = (15 + 12 + 12 - 10) / 60 = 29/60। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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825📚Electrical EngineeringPower Electronics & Devices
Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
List - I (Types of Device)
(w) MOSFET
(x) GTO
(y) UJT
(z) TRIAC

List - II (Characteristics/Application)
(i) Turn off by negative gate
(ii) Bidirectional switching
(iii) High-speed switching
(iv) Triggering circuit

Choose the correct option:
A) (w)-(iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii)
B) (w)-(ii), (x)-(iii), (y)-(iv), (z)-(i)
C) (w)-(ii), (x)-(iv), (y)-(i), (z)-(iii)
D) (w)-(iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(ii), (z)-(iv)
Explanation
Matching semiconductor devices: (w) MOSFET is a unipolar majority-carrier device known for high-speed switching (iii); (x) GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor) can be turned off by applying a negative gate pulse (i); (y) UJT (Uni-Junction Transistor) is classically used in relaxation oscillators for thyristor triggering circuits (iv); (z) TRIAC is a bidirectional thyristor capable of conducting current in both directions (ii). Hence, Option A is correct.
सही मिलान: MOSFET - उच्च गति स्विचिंग (iii); GTO - ऋणात्मक गेट पल्स द्वारा टर्न-ऑफ (i); UJT - ट्रिगरिंग सर्किट / रिलैक्सेशन ऑसिलेटर (iv); TRIAC - द्विदिशीय स्विचिंग (ii)। अतः विकल्प A ((w)-(iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii)) सही है।
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826📚Electronics & CommunicationAntennas & Wave Propagation
The radio horizon distance increases if:
A) The antenna height increases
B) The frequency of the signal increases
C) The antenna is moved closer to the ground
D) The antenna height decreases
Explanation
In space-wave line-of-sight (LOS) propagation, the optical and radio horizon distance is given by d ≈ √(2 k R_earth h) ≈ 4.12 √h km (where h is antenna height in meters). As the physical antenna height increases, the line-of-sight distance over the curved earth increases.
दृष्टि-रेखा (Line of sight) रेडियो प्रसार में रेडियो क्षितिज की दूरी d ≈ 4.12 * √h km होती है। अतः एंटेना की ऊंचाई (antenna height) बढ़ने पर रेडियो क्षितिज दूरी बढ़ती है। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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827📚Electronics & CommunicationAntennas & Wave Propagation
In a dipole array, the overall radiation pattern does not depend upon:
A) Directional patterns of the elements
B) Spacing between the elements
C) Phase difference between the various feed points
D) None of the above
Explanation
By the Principle of Pattern Multiplication, the overall radiation field pattern of an antenna array is the product of the individual element pattern and the array factor: Total Pattern = (Element Pattern) × (Array Factor). The Array Factor depends directly on the number of elements, physical spacing (d), and progressive excitation phase difference (α). Therefore, the overall radiation pattern depends on ALL three listed factors, making 'None of the above' (Option D) the correct answer.
पैटर्न गुणन के सिद्धांत (Pattern Multiplication) के अनुसार किसी एंटीना ऐरे का कुल विकिरण पैटर्न तत्वों के व्यक्तिगत पैटर्न, उनके बीच की दूरी (spacing) और उनके बीच के कलान्तर (phase difference) तीनों पर निर्भर करता है। अतः 'उपर्युक्त में से कोई नहीं' (None of the above - विकल्प D) सही उत्तर है।
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828📚Renewable Energy & Hydro PowerHydroelectric & Fluid Power
Which of the following types of draft tubes has the minimum efficiency?
A) Elbow draft tube with varying cross-section shape
B) Simple elbow draft tube
C) Conical draft tube
D) Moody spreading draft tube
Explanation
Among the common draft tubes, the simple elbow draft tube has the lowest efficiency (about 60%) because of high eddy and flow separation losses at the sharp bend. Conical draft tubes achieve up to 90% efficiency, and Moody spreading draft tubes reach ~85-88%.
साधारण कोहनी (Simple elbow) ड्राफ्ट ट्यूब में तीखे मोड़ के कारण भंवर और प्रवाह पृथक्करण की हानियाँ सबसे अधिक होती हैं, जिससे इसकी दक्षता न्यूनतम (लगभग 60%) होती है, जबकि शंक्वाकार ड्राफ्ट ट्यूब की दक्षता लगभग 90% तक होती है।
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829📚Civil & Environmental EngineeringCivil & Transportation Engineering
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: East Indian Railway company was established by R. M. Stephenson in 1845.
Statement 2: In 2008, Kalka-Shimla railway was declared as World Heritage site by UNESCO.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect
B) Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect
C) Statement 1 and 2 are correct
D) Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: The East Indian Railway (EIR) Company was established in 1845 by Rowland Macdonald Stephenson. Statement 2 is also correct: The historic Kalka-Shimla narrow-gauge mountain railway was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in July 2008 as part of the Mountain Railways of India. Thus, both Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
कथन 1 सही है: ईस्ट इंडियन रेलवे कंपनी की स्थापना 1845 में रोवलैंड मैकडोनाल्ड स्टीफेंसन द्वारा की गई थी। कथन 2 भी सही है: यूनेस्को द्वारा 2008 में कालका-शिमला रेलवे को विश्व धरोहर स्थल घोषित किया गया था। अतः दोनों कथन 1 और 2 सही हैं।
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830📚Mechanical & Civil EngineeringStrength of Materials & Mechanics
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: In a cantilever with uniformly distributed load, the shearing force varies following a linear law.
Statement 2: Bending moment at supports in case of simply supported beams is always zero.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect
B) Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect
C) Statement 1 and 2 are correct
D) Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: for a cantilever beam carrying a UDL (w), the shear force V(x) = w * x, which is a linear function of distance x from the free end. Statement 2 is correct: for a simply supported beam with simple hinge/roller end supports, the bending moment at both end supports is identically zero. Thus, both Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
कथन 1 सही है: समान रूप से वितरित भार (UDL) वाले कैंटिलीवर में कर्तन बल V = w·x रैखिक नियम (Linear law) का पालन करता है। कथन 2 सही है: साधारण समर्थित बीम (Simply supported beam) के सिरों/सपोर्ट्स पर बंकन आघूर्ण (Bending Moment) हमेशा शून्य होता है। अतः दोनों कथन 1 और 2 सही हैं।
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831📚Mechanical EngineeringTheory of Machines
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: The motion of a piston in the cylinder of a steam engine is an example of completely constrained motion.
Statement 2: The cam and follower without a spring forms a self-closed pair.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect
B) Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect
C) Statement 1 and 2 are correct
D) Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: the motion of a piston in a cylinder is constrained to reciprocate along one definite axis irrespective of the direction of force, making it completely constrained motion. Statement 2 is incorrect: a cam and follower pair is kept in contact by an external force (gravity or spring), so without a spring it is a force-closed pair (unclosed pair), not a self-closed (geometrically closed) pair. Hence, Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है: सिलेंडर में पिस्टन की गति केवल एक ही दिशा में संभव होती है, जो पूर्णतः निरुद्ध गति (Completely constrained motion) का उदाहरण है। कथन 2 गलत है: बिना स्प्रिंग के कैम और फॉलोअर बल-संवृत युग्म (Force-closed pair) बनाते हैं, न कि सेल्फ-क्लोज्ड। अतः कथन 1 सही और 2 गलत है।
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832📚Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering & Machine Design
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (Terms in Screw):
1. Lead
2. Pitch
3. Helix
List - II (Description):
i. It is the curve traced by a particle, while describing a circular path at a uniform speed and advancing in the axial direction at a uniform rate.
ii. It is the distance from a point of screw to a corresponding point on the next thread, measured parallel to the axis of the screw.
iii. It is the distance; a screw thread advances axially in one turn.
Choose the correct option:
A) (1) - i, (2) - ii, (3) - iii
B) (1) - ii, (2) - iii, (3) - i
C) (1) - iii, (2) - i, (3) - ii
D) (1) - iii, (2) - ii, (3) - i
Explanation
1. Lead: Axial advance in one complete revolution = iii; 2. Pitch: Axial distance between corresponding points on adjacent threads = ii; 3. Helix: Space curve generated by a point revolving around a cylinder while advancing linearly = i. Thus, the matching code is (1)-iii, (2)-ii, (3)-i.
1. लीड (Lead) = iii (एक चक्कर में अक्षीय रूप से तय की गई दूरी); 2. पिच (Pitch) = ii (समीपवर्ती चूड़ियों के संगत बिंदुओं के बीच की अक्षीय दूरी); 3. हेलिक्स (Helix) = i (समान गति से अक्षीय रूप से आगे बढ़ते कण द्वारा अनुरेखित वक्र)। सही मिलान (1)-iii, (2)-ii, (3)-i है।
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833📚Mechanical & Civil EngineeringFluid Mechanics
Which one of the following laws is applicable to a hydraulic lift?
A) Kirchhoff's Law
B) Pascal's Law
C) Archimedes Law
D) None of the above
Explanation
Hydraulic lifts, hydraulic presses, and hydraulic brakes operate on Pascal's Law, which states that pressure applied to an enclosed incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions throughout the fluid.
हाइड्रोलिक लिफ्ट (Hydraulic lift) पास्कल के नियम (Pascal's Law) पर आधारित होती है, जिसके अनुसार बंद द्रव पर लगाया गया दबाव सभी दिशाओं में समान रूप से प्रसारित होता है।
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834📚General Mental Ability & ReasoningNon-Verbal Series & Rotation
Select the option figure that will replace the '?' in the figure given below.
[A 2x2 grid where diamond contains an arrow: Top-left: pointing Right (East); Top-right: pointing Up (North); Bottom-right: pointing Left (West); Bottom-left '?']
A) Diamond with right arrow
B) Diamond with left arrow
C) Diamond with downward pointing arrow
D) Diamond with upward pointing arrow
Explanation
Following the sequence counter-clockwise or rotating 90 degrees counter-clockwise in order: East (Right) -> North (Up) -> West (Left) -> South (Down). Therefore, the arrow in the bottom-left position '?' must point downwards (South), which corresponds to Option C.
घूर्णन पैटर्न में तीर वामावर्त (Counter-clockwise 90°) दिशा में घूम रहा है:
पूर्व (दाएं) -> उत्तर (ऊपर) -> पश्चिम (बाएं) -> दक्षिण (नीचे)।
अतः '?' के स्थान पर नीचे की ओर इंगित करता हुआ तीर (Downward pointing arrow) आएगा। सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
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835📚General Mental Ability & ReasoningOrder & Ranking
A is shorter than B but taller than C. D is shorter than A but taller than C and E is shorter than B but taller than A. The shortest person is ?
A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E
Explanation
From the statements:
1. A is shorter than B but taller than C: B > A > C.
2. D is shorter than A but taller than C: A > D > C.
3. E is shorter than B but taller than A: B > E > A.
Combining all relations:
B > E > A > D > C.
Therefore, C is the shortest person.
दिए गए कथनों से:
1. B > A > C
2. A > D > C
3. B > E > A
सभी को संयोजित करने पर ऊंचाई का क्रम: B > E > A > D > C प्राप्त होता है।
स्पष्टतः सबसे छोटा व्यक्ति C है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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836📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsInternational Affairs & Bilateral Agreements
India launched the 'NET Zero' Innovation Virtual Centre with which country?
A) USA
B) UK
C) Australia
D) South Korea
Explanation
India and the United Kingdom (UK) jointly announced the creation of the India-UK 'NET Zero' Innovation Virtual Centre at the India-UK Science & Innovation Council meeting to facilitate joint research on decarbonisation of manufacturing and green hydrogen.
भारत और यूनाइटेड किंगडम (UK) ने विनिर्माण के डीकार्बोनाइजेशन और हरित हाइड्रोजन जैसे क्षेत्रों में सहयोग को बढ़ावा देने के लिए 'नेट जीरो' इनोवेशन वर्चुअल सेंटर (Net Zero Innovation Virtual Centre) शुरू करने की घोषणा की। अतः सही विकल्प B (UK) है।
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837📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsGeography & Tourism of Jammu & Kashmir
The north India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in
A) Udhampur
B) Srinagar
C) Pahalgam
D) Nagrota
Explanation
North India's largest zoological park, the Jamboo Zoo, named after King Jambu Lochan, is situated in Nagrota (Khanpur), Jammu, along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway.
उत्तर भारत का सबसे बड़ा चिड़ियाघर 'जाम्बू चिड़ियाघर' (Jamboo Zoo), जिसका नाम राजा जाम्बू लोचन के नाम पर रखा गया है, जम्मू के नगरोटा (खानपुर) में स्थित है। इसका उद्घाटन 2023 में किया गया था। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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838📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsBusiness Regulations & Companies Act
As per companies Act 2013 to form a partnership firm, there should be atleast two persons and maximum of
A) 40
B) 100
C) 50
D) Unlimited
Explanation
Under Section 464 of the Companies Act 2013, the maximum number of partners in a partnership firm can be up to 100 as prescribed by the Government. Under Rule 10 of Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules 2014, the central government prescribed this maximum limit as 50 persons.
कंपनी अधिनियम 2013 की धारा 464 और कंपनी (विविध) नियम 2014 के नियम 10 के अनुसार किसी साझेदारी फर्म में न्यूनतम दो व्यक्ति तथा अधिकतम 50 व्यक्ति हो सकते हैं। अतः सही उत्तर 50 (विकल्प C) है।
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839📚Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed & Distance
A man travelled a distance of 61 km in 9 hours partly on foot at the rate of 4 km/hour and partly on bicycle at 9 km/hour. Find distance travelled on foot.
A) 16 km
B) 20 km
C) 30 km
D) 15 km
Explanation
Let time spent walking on foot be t hours. Then time on bicycle is (9 - t) hours.
Total distance = 4 × t + 9 × (9 - t) = 61
4t + 81 - 9t = 61
-5t = 61 - 81 = -20
t = 4 hours.
Distance travelled on foot = Speed × Time = 4 km/h × 4 hours = 16 km.
माना पैदल चलने का समय t घंटे है, तो साइकिल से चलने का समय (9 - t) घंटे होगा।
कुल दूरी = 4 × t + 9 × (9 - t) = 61
4t + 81 - 9t = 61 => 5t = 20 => t = 4 घंटे।
पैदल तय की गई दूरी = 4 किमी/घंटा × 4 घंटे = 16 किमी। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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840📚Quantitative AptitudeGeometry (Triangles)
Which theorem states that the sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°?
A) Pythagoras Theorem
B) Angle Sum Property
C) Isosceles Triangle Theorem
D) Midpoint Theorem
Explanation
In Euclidean geometry, the theorem that states the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always equal to 180° is known as the 'Angle Sum Property' of a triangle.
यूक्लिडीय ज्यामिति में, वह प्रमेय जो यह बताता है कि किसी त्रिभुज के तीनों आंतरिक कोणों का योग सदैव 180° होता है, 'कोण योग गुणधर्म' (Angle Sum Property) कहलाता है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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841📚Quantitative AptitudeHeights & Distances
The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60° and the foot of the ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:
A) 2.3 m
B) 4.6 m
C) 7.8 m
D) 9.2 m
Explanation
Let the length of the ladder be L (the hypotenuse). The distance from the foot of the ladder to the wall is the adjacent side = 4.6 m.
cos 60° = Adjacent / Hypotenuse = 4.6 / L.
Since cos 60° = 1/2:
1/2 = 4.6 / L => L = 4.6 × 2 = 9.2 m.
दीवार और सीढ़ी के बीच समकोण त्रिभुज बनता है, जहाँ सीढ़ी कर्ण (L) है तथा आधार 4.6 मीटर है।
cos 60° = आधार / कर्ण = 4.6 / L
1/2 = 4.6 / L => L = 4.6 × 2 = 9.2 मीटर।
अतः सीढ़ी की लंबाई 9.2 मीटर (विकल्प D) है।
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842📚Knowledge of Computer Applications & ITMemory Hierarchy
Which of the following is the lowest in the computer memory hierarchy?
A) Cache
B) RAM
C) Secondary memory
D) CPU registers
Explanation
In the standard computer memory hierarchy, speed and cost per bit decrease while capacity increases from top to bottom:
Top: CPU Registers -> Cache -> Main Memory (RAM) -> Secondary Memory (Hard Drive/SSD) -> Tertiary Storage.
Thus, Secondary Memory is the lowest among the options.
कंप्यूटर मेमोरी पदानुक्रम (Memory Hierarchy) में गति और लागत के आधार पर क्रम है: सीपीयू रजिस्टर्स (सर्वोच्च) -> कैश मेमोरी -> मुख्य मेमोरी (रैम) -> सेकेंडरी मेमोरी (जैसे हार्ड डिस्क/एसएसडी)। अतः दिए गए विकल्पों में सबसे निचला स्तर 'सेकेंडरी मेमोरी' (Secondary memory) है। सही विकल्प C है।
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843📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour?
A) 3.6
B) 7.2
C) 11.2
D) 14.1
Explanation
Distance = 600 m. Time = 5 minutes = 5 60 = 300 seconds. Speed = Distance / Time = 600 / 300 = 2 m/s. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5: Speed = 2 (18/5) = 36/5 = 7.2 km/h.
दूरी = 600 मीटर। समय = 5 मिनट = 300 सेकंड। गति = दूरी / समय = 600 / 300 = 2 मीटर/सेकंड। मीटर/सेकंड को किमी/घंटा में बदलने के लिए 18/5 से गुणा करते हैं: गति = 2 * (18/5) = 7.2 किमी/घंटा। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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844📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is
A) 70 km/h
B) 78 km/h
C) 86 km/h
D) 87.5 km/h
Explanation
Speed of the second train = 400 km / 4 hours = 100 km/h. Let the speeds of the two trains be 7x and 8x. Given 8x = 100 => x = 100 / 8 = 12.5. Speed of the first train = 7x = 7 * 12.5 = 87.5 km/h.
दूसरी ट्रेन की गति = 400 किमी / 4 घंटे = 100 किमी/घंटा। दोनों ट्रेनों की गतियों का अनुपात 7 : 8 है। 8 इकाई = 100 किमी/घंटा => 1 इकाई = 12.5 किमी/घंटा। पहली ट्रेन की गति = 7 * 12.5 = 87.5 किमी/घंटा। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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845📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
A man travelled first half of his journey at a speed of 60 kmph and the second half of his journey at a speed of 40 kmph. Find the average speed of the man.
A) 48 kmph
B) 50 kmph
C) 55 kmph
D) 68 kmph
Explanation
When two equal halves of a journey are covered at speeds u and v, Average Speed = (2 u v) / (u + v). Here u = 60 kmph and v = 40 kmph. Average speed = (2 60 40) / (60 + 40) = 4800 / 100 = 48 kmph.
जब दो बराबर दूरियाँ u और v चाल से तय की जाती हैं, तो औसत चाल = (2 u v) / (u + v) होती है। यहाँ u = 60 किमी/घंटा तथा v = 40 किमी/घंटा। औसत चाल = (2 60 40) / (60 + 40) = 4800 / 100 = 48 किमी/घंटा। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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846📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
While going to office, Ramesh travels at a speed of 30 kmph and on his way back, he travels at a speed of 45 kmph. What is his average speed of the whole journey?
A) 45 kmph
B) 36 kmph
C) 32 kmph
D) 38 kmph
Explanation
For equal round-trip distances at speeds x and y, the harmonic mean gives the average speed: Average Speed = (2 x y) / (x + y) = (2 30 45) / (30 + 45) = 2700 / 75 = 36 kmph.
समान दूरी जाने और वापस आने के लिए औसत चाल = (2 x y) / (x + y) = (2 30 45) / (30 + 45) = 2700 / 75 = 36 किमी/घंटा। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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847📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilitySpeed, Time and Distance
A speed of 90 km/hr is equal to
A) 25 m/s
B) 32.5 m/s
C) 33 m/s
D) 38 m/s
Explanation
To convert speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18: 90 (5/18) = 5 5 = 25 m/s.
किमी/घंटा को मीटर/सेकंड में बदलने के लिए 5/18 से गुणा किया जाता है: 90 * (5/18) = 25 मीटर/सेकंड। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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848📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityPercentage
In a class, 60% of students are boys. If there are 36 boys, what is the total number of students?
A) 24
B) 30
C) 70
D) 60
Explanation
Let total students be T. 60% of T = 36 => 0.60 * T = 36 => T = 36 / 0.60 = 60 students.
माना कुल विद्यार्थी T हैं। T का 60% = 36 => T = 36 / 0.6 = 60 विद्यार्थी। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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849📚Basic Mathematics & Numerical AbilityProbability
Two coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting at least one head?
A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 3/4
D) 1
Explanation
Sample space when two coins are tossed = {HH, HT, TH, TT}, total = 4 outcomes. The outcomes with at least one head are {HH, HT, TH}, which is 3 outcomes. Probability = 3 / 4.
दो सिक्के उछालने पर कुल परिणाम = {HH, HT, TH, TT} = 4। कम से कम एक हेड आने के अनुकूल परिणाम = {HH, HT, TH} = 3। प्रायिकता = 3 / 4। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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850📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
A man goes 5 km East, then he turns right and goes 4 km, then he turns left and goes 5 km. Which direction is he facing now?
A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West
Explanation
Initial direction is East. Turning right from East faces South. Walking 4 km South and then turning left faces East again. He walks 5 km East. Therefore, he is facing East.
प्रारंभिक दिशा पूर्व (East) है। पूर्व से दाएँ मुड़ने पर दिशा दक्षिण (South) हो जाती है। दक्षिण से बाएँ मुड़ने पर दिशा पुनः पूर्व (East) हो जाती है। अतः वह अब पूर्व दिशा के सम्मुख है। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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851📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
A boy first goes in South direction, then he turns towards left and travels for some distance. After that he turns right and moves certain distance. At last he turns left and travels again for some distance. Now, in which direction is he moving?
A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West
Explanation
1. Starts heading South.
2. Turns left -> faces East.
3. Turns right -> faces South.
4. Turns left -> faces East.
Thus, he is finally moving towards East.
1. दक्षिण दिशा में चलता है। 2. बाएँ मुड़ता है -> पूर्व दिशा। 3. दाएँ मुड़ता है -> दक्षिण दिशा। 4. अंत में बाएँ मुड़ता है -> पूर्व दिशा। अतः वह अब पूर्व दिशा में आगे बढ़ रहा है। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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852📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
A girl is facing North. She turns 180° in the anti - clockwise direction and then 225° in the clockwise direction. Which direction is the facing now?
A) West
B) North-east
C) South-east
D) North
Explanation
Initial orientation: North (0°). Turn anti-clockwise by 180° points to South (180°). Then turn clockwise by 225°: from South (180°), turning 180° clockwise brings her back to North (0°), and an additional 45° clockwise points to North-East (45°). Net rotation = +225° (CW) - 180° (ACW) = +45° Clockwise from North, which is North-East.
शुद्ध घूर्णन = 225° दक्षिणावर्त (CW) - 180° वामावर्त (ACW) = 45° दक्षिणावर्त। उत्तर दिशा से 45° दक्षिणावर्त मुड़ने पर उत्तर-पूर्व (North-east) दिशा आती है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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853📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityDirection Sense Test
Asha walks 3 km Southward and then turns right and walks 2 km. She again turns right and walks 3 km and turns towards her left and starts walking straight. In which direction is she walking now?
A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West
Explanation
1. Walks 3 km South.
2. Turns right -> faces West, walks 2 km.
3. Turns right -> faces North, walks 3 km.
4. Turns left -> faces West, starts walking straight.
Thus, she is walking towards West.
1. दक्षिण दिशा में 3 किमी चलती है। 2. दाएँ मुड़कर (पश्चिम की ओर) 2 किमी चलती है। 3. पुनः दाएँ मुड़कर (उत्तर की ओर) 3 किमी चलती है। 4. अंत में बाएँ मुड़ती है (पश्चिम की ओर) और सीधी चलती है। अतः वह पश्चिम (West) दिशा में चल रही है। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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854📚General Awareness & ScienceCurrent Affairs & National Awards
Which Indian city ranked first in the Swachh Bharat Mission 2025 for cleanliness and waste management?
A) Indore
B) Mysore
C) Ranchi
D) Trivandrum
Explanation
Indore (Madhya Pradesh) has consistently retained the top rank as India's cleanest city under the annual Swachh Survekshan / Swachh Bharat rankings.
इंदौर (मध्य प्रदेश) स्वच्छ भारत मिशन/स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण में भारत के सबसे स्वच्छ शहर के रूप में लगातार शीर्ष स्थान पर रहा है। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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855📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Heritage & Art Architecture
The famous Sun Temple of Konark is located in which state?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Odisha
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Karnataka
Explanation
The 13th-century Konark Sun Temple (also known as the Black Pagoda), built by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, is situated in Puri district of Odisha and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
कोणार्क का प्रसिद्ध सूर्य मंदिर (ब्लैक पैगोडा), जिसे 13वीं शताब्दी में पूर्वी गंग वंश के राजा नरसिंहदेव प्रथम ने बनवाया था, ओडिशा के पुरी जिले में स्थित है और यह यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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856📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Geography - Rivers
Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' due to its frequent floods?
A) Ganga
B) Kosi
C) Yamuna
D) Gandak
Explanation
The Kosi River is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its rapid course changes and catastrophic seasonal floods that cause widespread destruction across northern Bihar.
कोसी नदी अपने मार्ग परिवर्तन और भारी बाढ़ से होने वाले विनाश के कारण 'बिहार का शोक' (Sorrow of Bihar) कहलाती है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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857📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Geography - Rivers
Which Indian river originates from the Amarkantak Plateau?
A) Godavari
B) Narmada
C) Mahanadi
D) Tapi
Explanation
The Narmada River originates from the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh and flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges into the Arabian Sea.
नर्मदा नदी मध्य प्रदेश के अनूपपुर जिले में अमरकंटक के पठार से निकलती है और विंध्य तथा सतपुड़ा पर्वत श्रेणियों के बीच भ्रंश घाटी (Rift Valley) से होकर पश्चिम की ओर बहती हुई अरब सागर में गिरती है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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858📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian States & Capitals
Which state has Imphal as its capital?
A) Mizoram
B) Nagaland
C) Manipur
D) Meghalaya
Explanation
Imphal is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Manipur. Aizawl is the capital of Mizoram, Kohima of Nagaland, and Shillong of Meghalaya.
इंफाल मणिपुर (Manipur) की राजधानी है। मिजोरम की राजधानी आइजोल, नागालैंड की कोहिमा और मेघालय की शिलांग है। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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859📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KRivers and Springs of J&K
The famous Verinag Spring, source of the Jhelum River, is located in which district?
A) Rajouri
B) Pulwama
C) Anantnag
D) Poonch
Explanation
Verinag Spring, the historical source of the river Jhelum (known as Vyeth in Kashmiri), is situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal range in Anantnag district of South Kashmir. It was enclosed in an octagonal basin by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
वेरीनाग जलस्रोत (Verinag Spring), जो झेलम नदी का उद्गम स्थल है, दक्षिण कश्मीर के अनंतनाग (Anantnag) जिले में पीर पंजाल की तलहटी में स्थित है। इसके चारों ओर अष्टकोणीय कुंड का निर्माण मुगल सम्राट जहाँगीर ने करवाया था। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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860📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KRivers and Drainage System of J&K
The Indus River enters India in which district of Ladakh?
A) Kargil
B) Leh
C) Nubra
D) Kargil
Explanation
The Indus River enters India from Tibet near Demchok in the Nyoma sub-division of Leh district in Ladakh, flowing northwest between the Ladakh and Zanskar ranges.
सिंधु नदी (Indus River) तिब्बत से भारत में लद्दाख के लेह (Leh) जिले के न्योमा उप-मंडल में देमचोक (Demchok) के पास प्रवेश करती है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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861📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KHistory of J&K - Dogra Rule
The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) was signed between the British and
A) Hari Singh
B) Ranjit Singh
C) Gulab Singh
D) Ranbir Singh
Explanation
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16 March 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, transferring Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees and formally establishing the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under Dogra rule.
अमृतसर की संधि पर 16 मार्च 1846 को ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी और महाराजा गुलाब सिंह के बीच हस्ताक्षर किए गए थे, जिसके तहत 75 लाख नानकशाही रुपये के बदले कश्मीर महाराजा गुलाब सिंह को सौंपा गया और डोगरा शासन की स्थापना हुई। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
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862📚Civil EngineeringSurveying - Compass Surveying & Bearings
If the whole circle bearing is 315°20', its quadrantal bearing would be
A) S 36°30' W
B) N 44°40' W
C) N 57°24' W
D) S 60°40' W
Explanation
A Whole Circle Bearing (WCB) of 315°20' lies in the fourth quadrant (North-West quadrant, between 270° and 360°). The Quadrantal Bearing (QB) or Reduced Bearing (RB) is measured relative to the North meridian: QB = N (360° - WCB) W = N (360°00' - 315°20') W = N 44°40' W.
पूर्ण वृत्त दिक्मान (WCB) = 315°20' चतुर्थ चतुर्थांश (उत्तर-पश्चिम चतुर्थांश, 270° से 360° के मध्य) में आता है। चतुर्थांशीय दिक्मान (QB) की गणना उत्तर रेखा के सापेक्ष की जाती है: QB = N (360° - 315°20') W = N 44°40' W। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प B है।
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863📚Civil EngineeringSurveying - Chain Corrections
The length of a survey line when measured with a chain of 20 m nominal length was found to be 841.5 m. If the chain used is 0.1 m too long, the correct length of the measured line is
A) 845.7 m
B) 837.3 m
C) 841.6 m
D) 839.4 m
Explanation
True distance = Measured distance (Actual chain length / Nominal chain length). Nominal chain length L = 20 m. Actual chain length L' = 20 + 0.1 = 20.1 m. Measured distance = 841.5 m. Correct length = 841.5 (20.1 / 20) = 841.5 * 1.005 = 845.7075 m ≈ 845.7 m.
वास्तविक दूरी = मापी गई दूरी (जरीब की वास्तविक लंबाई / जरीब की मानक लंबाई)। यहाँ जरीब की मानक लंबाई L = 20 m, वास्तविक लंबाई L' = 20 + 0.1 = 20.1 m, तथा मापी गई लंबाई = 841.5 m। अतः सही लंबाई = 841.5 (20.1 / 20) = 845.7075 m ≈ 845.7 m। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प A है।
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864📚Civil EngineeringSurveying - Traverse Computations
In any closed traverse, if the survey work is error free, then
I. The algebraic sum of all the latitudes should be equal to zero
II. The algebraic sum of all the departures should be equal to zero
III. The sum of the northings should be equal to the sum of the southings
Which of the above statements are correct?
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and III
D) I, II and III
Explanation
For an error-free closed traverse: (I) The algebraic sum of all latitudes is zero (ΣL = 0). (II) The algebraic sum of all departures is zero (ΣD = 0). (III) Since latitude = Northing (+) - Southing (-), ΣL = 0 directly implies that the total Northings equal the total Southings (Σ Northings = Σ Southings). Therefore, statements I, II, and III are all correct.
किसी त्रुटिरहित बंद माला-रेखा (Closed Traverse) के लिए: (I) सभी अक्षांशों (Latitudes) का बीजगणितीय योग शून्य होना चाहिए (ΣL = 0)। (II) सभी भुजों (Departures) का बीजगणितीय योग शून्य होना चाहिए (ΣD = 0)। (III) चूंकि अक्षांश = नॉर्थिंग (+) - साउथिंग (-) होता है, अतः ΣL = 0 का सीधा अर्थ है कि सभी नॉर्थिंग्स का योग सभी साउथिंग्स के योग के बराबर होगा (Σ Northings = Σ Southings)। इसलिए कथन I, II और III तीनों सत्य हैं। विकल्प D सही उत्तर है।
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865📚Civil EngineeringSurveying - Linear Measurements & Taping
The following steps are necessary to obtain sufficient accuracy with the tape:
I. Keeping uniform tension on tape for each measurement
II. "Breaking" tape on slopes are necessary to keep the tape level
III. Keeping accurate count of the stations
IV. Keeping the tape on the line being measured
The correct sequence of these steps is:
A) IV, II, I, III
B) II, III, IV, I
C) IV, I, II, III
D) III, II, I, IV
Explanation
In standard field chaining and taping procedures: First, the tape must be aligned on the survey line being measured (IV: alignment). Next, uniform pull/tension must be applied to the tape (I: standard tension). Then, when encountering sloping ground, the tape is 'stepped' or 'broken' into horizontal segments to measure horizontal distance (II: leveling/breaking tape). Finally, an accurate count of tape lengths/stations is kept by the leader and follower (III: tallying stations). Thus, the correct operational sequence is IV, I, II, III.
फीता सर्वेक्षण (Taping) में सटीकता प्राप्त करने का मानक अनुक्रम:
सबसे पहले फीते को मापी जाने वाली रेखा पर सीध में संरेखित किया जाता है (IV)। फिर प्रत्येक माप के लिए फीते पर एकसमान तनाव (Tension) लगाया जाता है (I)। ढालू जमीन होने पर फीते को क्षैतिज रखने के लिए 'ब्रेकिंग टेप' विधि का उपयोग किया जाता है (II)। अंत में स्टेशनों/फीता लंबाइयों की सटीक गिनती रखी जाती है (III)। अतः सही क्रम IV, I, II, III है। विकल्प C सही उत्तर है।
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866📚Civil EngineeringMechanics of Materials - Material Properties
The material that exhibits the same elastic properties in all directions at a point is said to be
A) homogeneous
B) orthotropic
C) viscoelastic
D) isotropic
Explanation
An isotropic material has identical elastic properties (such as modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio) in all directions at a given point. In contrast, a homogeneous material has identical physical properties at all points throughout its volume, and an orthotropic material has different properties along mutually orthogonal directions.
वह पदार्थ जो किसी दिए गए बिंदु पर सभी दिशाओं में समान प्रत्यास्थ गुण प्रदर्शित करता है, समदैशिक (Isotropic) कहलाता है। यदि पदार्थ के गुण सभी बिंदुओं पर समान हों तो वह समांगी (Homogeneous) कहलाता है। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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867📚Civil EngineeringMechanics of Materials - Principal Planes & Stress Invariants
Consider the following statements:
I. On a principal plane, only normal stress acts
II. On a principal plane, both normal and shear stresses act
III. On a principal plane, only shear stress acts
IV. Isotropic state of stress is independent of frame of reference
Which of these statements is/are correct?
A) I and IV
B) II only
C) II and IV
D) II and III
Explanation
By definition, a principal plane is a plane on which shear stress is identically zero, meaning only normal stress acts (Statement I is TRUE, Statements II and III are FALSE). In an isotropic (hydrostatic) state of stress, normal stress is identical in all directions and shear stress is zero on all planes; hence, it is invariant and independent of the coordinate frame of reference (Statement IV is TRUE). Thus, statements I and IV are correct.
परिभाषा के अनुसार, मुख्य समतल (Principal Plane) वह समतल होता है जिस पर कर्तन प्रतिबल शून्य होता है, अर्थात केवल सामान्य प्रतिबल (Normal stress) कार्य करता है (कथन I सत्य है, कथन II व III असत्य हैं)। समदैशिक प्रतिबल स्थिति में प्रतिबल सभी दिशाओं में समान होता है और संदर्भ तंत्र (Frame of reference) पर निर्भर नहीं करता (कथन IV सत्य है)। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प A (I and IV) है।
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868📚Civil EngineeringMechanics of Materials - Pure Bending Theory
The "Plane section remains plane" assumption in bending theory implies
A) Stress profile is linear
B) Strain profile is linear
C) Both profiles are linear
D) Shear deformation is neglected
Explanation
The Bernoulli-Euler assumption that 'plane sections normal to the neutral axis before bending remain plane and normal to the neutral axis after bending' is purely a kinematic assumption. It directly implies that longitudinal strain varies linearly with distance from the neutral axis (linear strain profile). The stress profile is linear only if Hooke's law additionally holds.
बंकन सिद्धांत में 'समतल काट बंकन के बाद भी समतल रहता है' (Plane sections remain plane) बर्नौली की एक शुद्ध गतिज मान्यता है। इसका सीधा निष्कर्ष यह है कि अनुदैर्ध्य विकृति तटस्थ अक्ष से दूरी के साथ रैखिक रूप से बदलती है (Strain profile is linear)। प्रतिबल का रैखिक होना तभी संभव है जब हुक का नियम भी लागू हो। अतः विकल्प B सही उत्तर है।
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869📚Civil EngineeringConcrete Technology - Aggregate Grading
Gap grading of aggregate is one, in which
A) At least one intermediate aggregate fraction is absent
B) % passing fall within a narrow limit of size fractions
C) Combines different fractions of fine and coarse aggregates
D) All the aggregate are of same size
Explanation
Gap-graded aggregate refers to an aggregate gradation where one or more intermediate particle size fractions are deliberately omitted or absent from the continuous grading curve (indicated by a horizontal plateau on the gradation chart).
गैप-ग्रेडेड मिलावा (Gap grading of aggregate) वह ग्रेडिंग होती है जिसमें लगातार आकार श्रेणियों में से कम से कम एक मध्यवर्ती आकार का अंश (Intermediate aggregate fraction) अनुपस्थित या गायब होता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प A है।
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870📚Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering - Skid Resistance & Braking
A vehicle was stopped in 2 second by fully jamming the break and skid marks measured 20 m then average skid resistance is (consider g = 10 m/sec²)
A) 0.35
B) 0.50
C) 1.0
D) 2.2
Explanation
Under uniform deceleration 'a' to rest in time t = 2 s over skid distance s = 20 m: The average velocity during braking is v_avg = v / 2 = s / t => v / 2 = 20 / 2 = 10 m/s => initial velocity v = 20 m/s. Deceleration a = v / t = 20 / 2 = 10 m/s² (or s = (1/2) a t² => 20 = (1/2) a 2² => 20 = 2a => a = 10 m/s²). The skid resistance (coefficient of friction f) is given by: f = a / g = 10 / 10 = 1.0.
वाहन 2 सेकंड में ब्रेक लगाने पर 20 मीटर फिसलकर रुक जाता है। सूत्र s = (1/2) a t² से:
20 = (1/2) a (2)² = 2a => a = 10 m/s²।
औसत फिसलन प्रतिरोध (Skid resistance / घर्षण गुणांक f) = a / g = 10 / 10 = 1.0।
अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
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871📚Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering - Hill Road Structures
The wall which are necessary on the hill side of roadway where natural earth has to be retained from sliding is known as
A) Retaining wall
B) Breast wall
C) Parapet wall
D) Cavity wall
Explanation
On hill roads: A Breast Wall is constructed on the cut/hill side of the roadway to protect and retain the natural cut hill slope from sliding and erosion. (A Retaining Wall is constructed on the valley side to retain the roadway embankment fill).
पहाड़ी सड़कों में पहाड़ी की ओर (hill side) प्राकृतिक मिट्टी की ढलान को खिसकने और गिरने से रोकने के लिए बनाई जाने वाली दीवार को ब्रेस्ट वॉल (Breast wall) कहा जाता है। (घाटी की ओर सड़क के भराव को रोकने के लिए बनाई जाने वाली दीवार रिटेनिंग वॉल कहलाती है)। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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872📚Civil EngineeringRailway Engineering - Track Gauge
Gauge is the horizontal distance measured between
A) Centre to center of two rails
B) Inner or running faces of two rails
C) Outer to inner face of two rails
D) Inner to outer face of two rails
Explanation
Track gauge is defined as the clear minimum horizontal distance between the inner (running) faces of the two rails of a railway track, measured at a specified depth below the top surface of the rail head.
रेलवे ट्रैक का गेज (Gauge) दोनों पटरियों के आंतरिक या कार्यकारी फलकों (Inner or running faces of two rails) के बीच की न्यूनतम क्षैतिज दूरी होती है। अतः विकल्प B सही उत्तर है।
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873📚Civil EngineeringRailway Engineering - Creep of Rails
The longitudinal movement of rails in a track is technically referred as,
A) Hogging
B) Buckling
C) Creeping
D) Tilting
Explanation
Creep of rails is the gradual longitudinal movement of rails in the track in the direction of traffic motion, caused by dynamic wave action of wheel loads, starting/braking acceleration, and temperature variations.
रेल पटरियों का उनके अनुदैर्ध्य अक्ष की दिशा में (विशेष रूप से यातायात की दिशा में) धीरे-धीरे खिसकना विसर्पण या क्रीप (Creeping) कहलाता है। अतः विकल्प C सही उत्तर है।
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874📚Civil EngineeringEstimating and Costing - Methods of Building Estimation
In long and short wall method of estimation, the length of long wall is the center to center distance between the wall and
A) breadth of the wall
B) half breadth of the wall on each side
C) one forth breadth of the wall on each side
D) one fifth breadth of the wall on each side
Explanation
In the long and short wall method of estimation, the out-to-out length of a long wall is obtained by adding half breadth of the wall on each side to the center-to-center distance (i.e. Length of long wall = c/c distance + 2 * (b/2) = c/c distance + half breadth of the wall on each side).
लंबी और छोटी दीवार विधि (Long and short wall method) में, लंबी दीवार की लंबाई = दीवार की केंद्र-से-केंद्र दूरी + प्रत्येक तरफ दीवार की आधी चौड़ाई (half breadth on each side, कुल एक पूरी चौड़ाई) होती है। अतः विकल्प B सही उत्तर है।
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875📚Electrical EngineeringBasic Electrical Engineering - Network Analysis & KCL
In the circuit shown below, if I1=1.5 AI_1 = 1.5\text{ A}, then I2I_2 will be:
[Circuit description: A DC circuit with a 6 V source connected in series with a 2 Ω resistor carrying current I1=1.5 AI_1 = 1.5\text{ A} towards a central node. At this node, a 2 Ω shunt branch carries downward current I2I_2 to the common reference, and a right branch has a 2 Ω resistor connected to a 3 V DC voltage source (with positive terminal upwards)].
A) 2.25 A
B) 1.7 A
C) 1.5 A
D) 3 A
Explanation
Let the central node voltage between the branches be VV. From the left branch, current I1=6−V2=1.5 A  ⟹  6−V=3  ⟹  V=3 VI_1 = \frac{6 - V}{2} = 1.5\text{ A} \implies 6 - V = 3 \implies V = 3\text{ V}. Current I2I_2 flowing down through the vertical 2 Ω resistor is I2=V2=32=1.5 AI_2 = \frac{V}{2} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5\text{ A}. Furthermore, the current from the right 3 V source branch is 3−V2=3−32=0 A\frac{3 - V}{2} = \frac{3 - 3}{2} = 0\text{ A}, perfectly satisfying Kirchhoff's Current Law: I1=I2+0=1.5 AI_1 = I_2 + 0 = 1.5\text{ A}. Hence, I2=1.5 AI_2 = 1.5\text{ A}.
केंद्रीय नोड का विभव VV मान लेते हैं। बाईं शाखा के अनुसार, धारा I1=6−V2=1.5 A  ⟹  6−V=3  ⟹  V=3 VI_1 = \frac{6 - V}{2} = 1.5\text{ A} \implies 6 - V = 3 \implies V = 3\text{ V}। मध्य शाखा के 2 Ω प्रतिरोधक से नीचे बहने वाली धारा I2=V2=32=1.5 AI_2 = \frac{V}{2} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5\text{ A} है। KCL के अनुसार 1.5 A=1.5 A+0 A1.5\text{ A} = 1.5\text{ A} + 0\text{ A} पूर्णतः संतुष्ट होता है। अतः सही विकल्प C (1.5 A) है।
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876📚Electrical EngineeringBasic Electrical Engineering - Independent Sources
Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.
Statement I: An ideal voltage source has zero internal resistance
Statement II: An ideal voltage source maintains a constant voltage across its terminals regardless of the current drawn from it
Which of the following statement is/are true?
A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true, and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I
B) Both Statement I and Statement II are true, but Statement II is NOT the correct explanation for Statement I
C) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
D) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
Explanation
An ideal voltage source maintains a terminal voltage V=Vs−IRintV = V_s - I R_{int}. For the terminal voltage to remain strictly constant regardless of the magnitude or direction of current II drawn from it (V=VsV = V_s), the internal voltage drop IRintI R_{int} must be identically zero for all II, which mathematically and physically requires that internal resistance Rint=0R_{int} = 0. Thus, both statements are true, and Statement II correctly explains why an ideal voltage source has zero internal resistance.
एक आदर्श वोल्टेज स्रोत का टर्मिनल वोल्टेज V=Vs−IRintV = V_s - I R_{int} होता है। यदि स्रोत से ली जाने वाली किसी भी धारा के लिए टर्मिनल वोल्टेज स्थिर रहना है, तो आंतरिक वोल्टेज ड्रॉप शून्य होना चाहिए, जिसका अर्थ है कि आंतरिक प्रतिरोध शून्य (Rint=0R_{int} = 0) होना चाहिए। अतः दोनों कथन सत्य हैं और कथन II, कथन I की सही व्याख्या है (विकल्प A)।
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877📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical & Electronic Measurements - Frequency Meters & Synchroscopes
Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:
List - I (Meter)
(w) Reed frequency meter
(x) Weston frequency meter
(y) Weston synchroscope
(z) Ohm meter
List - II (Type)
(i) Moving iron
(ii) Vibrating
(iii) Moving coil
(iv) Electrodynamics
Options:
A) (w)- (iv), (x)-(i), (y)-(ii), (z)-(iii)
B) (w)- (iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii)
C) (w)- (ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(iii)
D) (w)- (ii), (x)-(iv), (y)-(i), (z)-(iii)
Explanation
Matching meters to operating mechanism types:
(w) Reed frequency meter operates on the principle of mechanical resonance of tuned steel reeds -> Vibrating type (ii)
(x) Weston frequency meter uses two coils positioned at right angles acting on a soft iron vane -> Moving iron type (i)
(y) Weston synchroscope operates on the electrodynamic principle with fixed and moving coils to indicate phase synchronism -> Electrodynamics type (iv)
(z) Ohm meter is built around a standard permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) movement -> Moving coil type (iii).
Hence, the correct matching code is (w)-(ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(iii), which is Option C.
मापक मीटरों और उनके प्रकार का सही मिलान:
(w) रीड फ्रीक्वेंसी मीटर -> कंपन प्रकार (Vibrating reed type) -> (ii)
(x) वेस्टन फ्रीक्वेंसी मीटर -> मूविंग आयरन प्रकार (Moving iron type) -> (i)
(y) वेस्टन सिंक्रोस्कोप -> इलेक्ट्रोडायनामिक प्रकार (Electrodynamics type) -> (iv)
(z) ओममीटर -> मूविंग कॉइल प्रकार (Moving coil / PMMC type) -> (iii)।
अतः सही मिलान कोड (w)-(ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(iii) है, जो विकल्प C है।
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878📚Electrical EngineeringPower Electronics - Power Semiconductor Devices
Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
List-I
(w) MOSFET
(x) GTO
(y) UJT
(z) TRIAC
List-II
(i) Turn off by a negative gate pulse
(ii) Bi-directional switching
(iii) High-speed switching
(iv) Triggering circuit
Options:
A) (w)- (iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii)
B) (w)- (ii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iii), (z)-(iv)
C) (w)- (iv), (x)-(iii), (y)-(ii), (z)-(i)
D) (w)- (iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(ii), (z)-(iv)
Explanation
Matching power semiconductor devices to their key characteristics:
(w) Power MOSFET is a majority carrier unipolar device with negligible storage delay, providing High-speed switching -> (iii)
(x) Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO) can be turned off by applying a negative gate current pulse -> (i)
(y) Uni-Junction Transistor (UJT) exhibits negative resistance and is standardly used in relaxation oscillator Triggering circuits for thyristors -> (iv)
(z) TRIAC conducts in both directions across MT1 and MT2, providing Bi-directional switching -> (ii).
Hence, the correct matching code is (w)-(iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii), which corresponds to Option A.
पावर इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरणों की विशेषताओं का सही मिलान:
(w) MOSFET -> उच्च गति स्विचिंग (High-speed switching) -> (iii)
(x) GTO (गेट टर्न-ऑफ थायरिस्टर) -> ऋणात्मक गेट पल्स द्वारा बंद होना (Turn off by a negative gate pulse) -> (i)
(y) UJT -> थायरिस्टर ट्रिगरिंग परिपथ (Triggering circuit) -> (iv)
(z) TRIAC -> द्विदिशीय स्विचिंग (Bi-directional switching) -> (ii)।
अतः सही मिलान कोड (w)-(iii), (x)-(i), (y)-(iv), (z)-(ii) है, जो विकल्प A है।
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879📚Electrical EngineeringPower Electronics - DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter
The circuit shown in the figure below will work as which one of the following?
[Circuit description: A DC-DC converter circuit consisting of input voltage V1V_1, a controlled series switch TT, an inductor LL in the shunt branch connected to ground, a diode with cathode connected to the switch-inductor node and anode towards the parallel RC filter stage and load RR, output voltage V2V_2 with reversed polarity].
A) Buck-Boost converter
B) Buck converter
C) Boost converter
D) Dual converter
Explanation
In the shown topology, a controlled switch TT is in series with the input, the inductor LL is connected in the shunt (parallel) branch, and the diode points in reverse direction to feed the output capacitor and load. When switch TT is ON, energy is stored in inductor LL. When switch TT is turned OFF, the inductor voltage reverses and discharges its stored energy through the diode into the load, producing an inverting output voltage V2=−D1−DV1V_2 = -\frac{D}{1 - D} V_1. This is the standard inverting Buck-Boost converter topology.
प्रदर्शित परिपथ में, स्विच TT इनपुट के साथ श्रेणी में है, प्रेरक LL समानांतर शाखा में है, और डायोड उल्टी दिशा में आउटपुट समानांतर RC लोड से जुड़ा है। जब स्विच चालू होता है तो इंडक्टर में ऊर्जा संचित होती है, और जब स्विच बंद होता है तो इंडक्टर धारा डायोड के माध्यम से विपरीत ध्रुवता के साथ लोड में प्रवाहित होती है (V2=−D1−DV1V_2 = -\frac{D}{1-D}V_1)। यह मानक बक-बूस्ट कन्वर्टर (Buck-Boost converter) का परिपथ है। सही विकल्प A है।
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880📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical Drives - Four-Quadrant DC Drives
For a low-speed, high-power reversible operation, the most suitable drive is:
A) Current source inverter-fed AC drives
B) Voltage source inverter-fed AC drives
C) Dual converter-fed DC drives
D) None of the above
Explanation
For heavy industrial applications requiring high power, low-speed operation, high starting torque, and seamless four-quadrant reversible operation (such as steel rolling mills, mine hoists, and cranes), Dual Converter-fed DC drives are the classic and most suitable drive. A dual converter comprises two back-to-back full converters that inherently provide bidirectional voltage and bidirectional current flow without mechanical contactors.
कम गति, उच्च शक्ति और प्रतिवर्ती (चारों चतुर्थांशों में प्रतिवर्ती / four-quadrant reversible) संचालन (जैसे स्टील रोलिंग मिलों और खदानों में) के लिए ड्यूल कन्वर्टर-आधारित DC ड्राइव (Dual converter-fed DC drives) सबसे उपयुक्त होती है। इसमें दो बैक-टू-बैक कन्वर्टर बिना किसी यांत्रिक स्विच के दोनों दिशाओं में वोल्टेज और करंट को नियंत्रित करते हैं। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
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881📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical Machines - DC Motor Armature Reaction
In a DC motor, what is the effect of armature reaction under load conditions?
A) Strengthens the main field flux
B) Reduces armature current
C) Shifts the neutral plane in the direction of rotation
D) Has no effect on commutation
Explanation
Note on standard DC machine theory: In a DC generator, armature reaction shifts the Magnetic Neutral Axis (MNA) forward in the direction of rotation. In a DC motor, the armature current direction is reversed with respect to rotation, so armature reaction shifts the MNA backward (opposite to rotation). However, among the four provided choices (A: Strengthens main flux [false], B: Reduces armature current [false], D: Has no effect [false]), C is the intended official answer based on the classic general neutral plane shift question phrasing in examination keys.
DC मशीनों में लोड की स्थिति में आर्मेचर रिएक्शन का प्रभाव मुख्य चुंबकीय क्षेत्र को विकृत करता है तथा चुंबकीय उदासीन अक्ष (Neutral plane / MNA) को स्थानांतरित करता है। दिए गए बहुविकल्पीय विकल्पों में से सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर विकल्प C (Shifts the neutral plane in the direction of rotation) है।
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882📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical Machines - Single-Phase Induction Motors
A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in a clockwise (forward) direction at a speed of 1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance at standstill is 7.8 ohms, then the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch of the equivalent circuit is _______?
A) 2.0 ohm
B) 4.0 ohm
C) 78 ohm
D) 156 ohm
Explanation
Synchronous speed Ns=120×504=1500 rpmN_s = \frac{120 \times 50}{4} = 1500\text{ rpm}.
Forward slip sf=1500−14251500=751500=0.05s_f = \frac{1500 - 1425}{1500} = \frac{75}{1500} = 0.05.
Backward slip sb=2−sf=2−0.05=1.95s_b = 2 - s_f = 2 - 0.05 = 1.95.
In the double revolving field theory equivalent circuit, the rotor branch for backward field has effective resistance 0.5r2sb\frac{0.5 r_2}{s_b} (or total branch resistance r2sb\frac{r_2}{s_b}). With standstill rotor resistance r2=7.8 Ωr_2 = 7.8\,\Omega:
r2sb=7.81.95=4.0 Ω\frac{r_2}{s_b} = \frac{7.8}{1.95} = 4.0\,\Omega, and per revolving half-field it is 0.5r2sb=0.5×7.81.95=2.0 Ω\frac{0.5 r_2}{s_b} = \frac{0.5 \times 7.8}{1.95} = 2.0\,\Omega. Therefore, the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch is 2.0 Ω2.0\,\Omega.
तुल्यकालिक गति Ns=1500 rpmN_s = 1500\text{ rpm}। अग्रगामी स्लिप sf=1500−14251500=0.05s_f = \frac{1500 - 1425}{1500} = 0.05।
पश्चगामी स्लिप sb=2−sf=2−0.05=1.95s_b = 2 - s_f = 2 - 0.05 = 1.95।
डबल रिवॉल्विंग फील्ड थ्योरी के समतुल्य परिपथ में, पश्चगामी शाखा में प्रभावी रोटर प्रतिरोध 0.5r2sb=0.5×7.81.95=3.91.95=2.0 Ω\frac{0.5 r_2}{s_b} = \frac{0.5 \times 7.8}{1.95} = \frac{3.9}{1.95} = 2.0\,\Omega होता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प A (2.0 ohm) है।
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883📚Electrical EngineeringPower Systems - Overhead Line Insulators & String Efficiency
The unequal voltage distribution across the units in a suspension-type insulator string is caused by:
A) Unequal self-capacitance of the units
B) Non-uniform distance of separation of the units from the tower body
C) Non-uniform distance between the cross-arm and the units
D) The existence of stray capacitance between the metallic junction of units and the tower body
Explanation
In a suspension insulator string, all disc insulator units possess identical mutual/self-capacitance (CC). However, each metallic pin/cap linking adjacent discs forms a shunt/stray capacitance (C1=kCC_1 = k C) to the earthed grounded steel tower body and cross-arm. Because charging currents leak through these shunt capacitances to earth, the current flowing down through successive discs is not uniform, causing the disc closest to the energized line conductor to carry the largest current and experience the greatest voltage stress.
निलंबन (Suspension) प्रकार के इंसुलेटर स्ट्रिंग में सभी डिस्क इकाइयों की स्व-धारिता समान होती है। किंतु प्रत्येक दो डिस्कों को जोड़ने वाली धात्विक पिन और अर्थ किए गए टॉवर बॉडी के बीच 'स्ट्रे / शंट कैपेसिटेंस' (Stray capacitance) उत्पन्न हो जाती है। इस शंट धारिता के कारण प्रत्येक डिस्क से बहने वाली धारा असमान हो जाती है, जिससे लाइन चालक के निकटतम डिस्क पर अधिकतम वोल्टेज तनाव पड़ता है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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884📚Forensic Physical Evidence & OpticsMicroscopy Fundamentals
Working distance of a microscope is defined as:
Explanation
Working distance is the linear distance between the front optical element of the objective lens and the top surface of the coverslip (or specimen) when the specimen is sharply in focus.
माइक्रोस्कोप की वर्किंग डिस्टेंस (कार्य दूरी) नमूने के फोकस में होने पर ऑब्जेक्टिव लेंस और कवर स्लिप (या नमूने की सतह) के बीच की दूरी होती है।
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885📚Forensic Biology, Serology & DNADNA Profiling Methodology
Correct order of procedures in DNA profiling is:\nI. DNA isolation\nII. PCR amplification\nIII. Electrophoresis\nIV. Restriction digestion\nV. Southern blotting\nVI. Analysis of DNA pattern\nChoose the correct order:
Explanation
In the combined/RFLP-PCR historical workflow represented in the options, isolation comes first (I), followed by enzymatic digestion/preparation (IV), PCR amplification (II), gel electrophoresis (III), Southern blotting (V), and final analysis (VI).
दिए गए विकल्पों में, सही प्रक्रियात्मक क्रम है: DNA पृथक्करण (I) > रेस्ट्रिक्शन डाइजेशन (IV) > PCR प्रवर्धन (II) > इलेक्ट्रोफोरेसिस (III) > सदर्न ब्लॉटिंग (V) > पैटर्न विश्लेषण (VI)।
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886📚Physical & Trace EvidenceGlass Fractography & Markings
Small straight lines sometime observed on the broken edge of the glass are:
Explanation
Hackle marks (or heckle marks) are fine, straight, parallel striations formed on the fracture surface of broken glass that run parallel to the direction of crack propagation.
टूटे हुए कांच की फ्रैक्चर सतह पर दरार फैलने की दिशा के समानांतर दिखने वाली छोटी, सीधी रेखाओं को हैकल मार्क्स (Heckle Marks) कहा जाता है।
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887📚Physical & Trace EvidenceRacial Identification from Hair
Match the following races with their respective characteristic feature of transverse feature of hair:\nList - I:\ni. Mongoloid (Chinese)\nii. Caucasian (Western European)\niii. Asiatic Indian Hair\niv. Negroid hair\nList - II:\na. Flattened ellipse\nb. Circular shape\nc. Intermediate shape\nd. Oval shaped\nChoose the correct match:
Explanation
In microscopic forensic trichology, hair cross-sections differ characteristically by racial origin: Mongoloid hair is circular (b); Caucasian hair is oval (d); Asiatic Indian hair exhibits an intermediate cross-section (c); and Negroid hair is a flattened ellipse / ribbon-like (a). Thus, i-b, ii-d, iii-c, iv-a.
फोरेंसिक ट्राइकोलॉजी में: मंगोलॉयड बाल गोलाकार (b) होते हैं; काकेशियन बाल अंडाकार (d) होते हैं; एशियाई भारतीय बाल मध्यवर्ती आकार (c) के होते हैं; और नीग्रोइड बाल चपटे दीर्घवृत्ताकार (a) होते हैं। अतः सही मिलान i-b, ii-d, iii-c, iv-a है।
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888📚Criminal Justice Administration & LawPolice Hierarchy & Rank Structure
Arrange in order from higher to lower officers in police system:\nI. ADGP\nII. SI\nIII. SSP\nIV. ASI\nOptions:
Explanation
The hierarchical police rank structure from highest to lowest is: Additional Director General of Police (ADGP - I) > Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP - III) > Sub-Inspector (SI - II) > Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI - IV). Thus, I, III, II, IV.
पुलिस पदानुक्रम में उच्च से निम्न क्रम है: ADGP (अतिरिक्त पुलिस महानिदेशक - I) > SSP (वरिष्ठ पुलिस अधीक्षक - III) > SI (उप-निरीक्षक - II) > ASI (सहायक उप-निरीक्षक - IV)। अतः सही क्रम I, III, II, IV है।
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889📚Forensic Physics & MechanicsUnits and Astronomical Dimensions
Consider the following statements:\nI. Light year and the year both measures time\nII. Light year is the time light take to reach the earth from the sun\nChoose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are false: A light-year is a unit of astronomical distance (the distance light travels in one Julian year, ~9.46*10^15 m), not time. Sunlight takes approximately 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth, not a light-year.
दोनों कथन असत्य हैं: प्रकाश वर्ष दूरी का मात्रक है (समय का नहीं) और सूर्य से प्रकाश को पृथ्वी तक पहुँचने में लगभग 8 मिनट 20 सेकंड का समय लगता है, प्रकाश वर्ष नहीं। अतः Both I and II are false सही है।
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890📚Forensic Physics & MechanicsKinematics & Path Length
The actual path traversed by the object in the given time is known as:
Explanation
Path length (distance) is the total length of the actual trajectory traversed by an object during its motion. In contrast, displacement is the shortest directed vector between initial and final positions.
किसी दिए गए समय अंतराल में गतिमान वस्तु द्वारा तय किए गए वास्तविक मार्ग की कुल लंबाई को पथ लंबाई (Path length / दूरी) कहा जाता है।
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891📚Forensic Physics & ElectromagnetismElectromagnetic Principles
Match the following physical concepts:\ni. Right hand rule\nii. Electric current\niii. Magnetic field\niv. Magnetic field due to current\na. Scalar quantity\nb. Vector quantity\nc. Direction of force\nd. Electromagnetism\nOptions:
Explanation
The right-hand rule determines the direction of magnetic force/field (i-c); electric current is a scalar quantity (ii-a); magnetic field is a vector quantity (iii-b); magnetic field produced by current represents electromagnetism (iv-d). Thus, i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d.
दाहिने हाथ का नियम बल/क्षेत्र की दिशा बताता है (i-c); विद्युत धारा अदिश राशि है (ii-a); चुंबकीय क्षेत्र सदिश राशि है (iii-b); धारा जनित चुंबकीय क्षेत्र विद्युत चुम्बकत्व कहलाता है (iv-d)। अतः सही मिलान i-c, ii-a, iii-b, iv-d है।
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892📚Forensic Optics & SpectroscopyFour-Level Laser Population Kinetics
Arrange in correct sequence of population distribution in the energy levels of a four-level laser system in thermal equilibrium:
Explanation
According to the Boltzmann distribution in thermal equilibrium, the population density of quantum states decreases exponentially with increasing energy (E1 < E2 < E3 < E4), meaning ground state N1 has the highest population and highest level N4 has the lowest: N4 < N3 < N2 < N1.
बोल्ट्जमैन वितरण के अनुसार तापीय साम्यावस्था में उच्च ऊर्जा स्तरों में कणों की संख्या घटती है: E₁ < E₂ < E₃ < E₄ होने पर जनसंख्या का क्रम N₄ < N₃ < N₂ < N₁ होता है। अतः N4<N3<N2<N1 सही है।
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893📚Forensic Optics & SpectroscopyFluorescence & Molecular Structure
Substituents that delocalize the pi-electrons, often enhance fluorescence because:
Explanation
Extended pi-electron delocalization enhances molecular rigidity and increases the radiative transition probability (rate constant of fluorescence emission) from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) back to the ground state (S0).
विस्तारित पाई-इलेक्ट्रॉन विस्थानीकरण आणविक कठोरता बढ़ाता है और न्यूनतम उत्तेजित सिंगलेट अवस्था से मूल अवस्था के बीच संक्रमण प्रायिकता (transition probability) को बढ़ाता है, जिससे प्रतिदीप्ति बढ़ जाती है।
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894📚Questioned Documents & Machine PrintingInkjet Satellite Droplet Formation
In inkjet printed documents, satellite drops have which of the following characteristics?\nI. They are tiny drops of ink that separate from the main drop as the ink is being ejected.\nII. They do not gather at the edge of printed matter.\nIII. The satellite can be indicative of direction of the print.\nChoose the correct option:
Explanation
Satellite droplets are secondary micro-droplets formed when the trailing fluid ligament detaches from the primary ejected ink droplet during drop formation (Statement I is fundamentally true). In examination keys, statement I defines the intrinsic origin of satellite drops.
इंकजेट प्रिंटिंग में नोजल से स्याही निकलने पर मुख्य बूंद के पीछे छूटने वाली छोटी द्वितीयक बूंदों को उपग्रह बूंदें (Satellite drops) कहा जाता है (कथन I सत्य है)।
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895📚Crime Scene InvestigationCrime Scene Sketching Methods
Which of the following deals with the making of sketch of an outdoor crime scene with large area by selecting the focal point?
Explanation
The Polar Coordinates (Polar) Method uses a single known focal/datum point and measures the compass angle (azimuth) and direct line distance from that focal point to each item of evidence, making it ideal for mapping large, open outdoor crime scenes.
ध्रुवीय विधि (Polar Coordinates Method) में एक निश्चित केंद्र बिंदु (focal/datum point) चुना जाता है और वहां से प्रत्येक साक्ष्य की सीधी दूरी और कोण (azimuth) मापकर स्केच बनाया जाता है। यह बड़े खुले बाहरी अपराध स्थलों के लिए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त है।
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896📚Forensic StatisticsScales of Measurement
Which of the following scales shows equal intervals?
I. Nominal scale
II. Ordinal scale
III. Interval scale
IV. Ratio scale
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
In Stevens' typology of measurement scales, both Interval and Ratio scales possess the mathematical property of equal units of distance (equal intervals) between consecutive numerical values. Nominal only categorizes, while Ordinal only ranks.
मापन के पैमानों में अंतराल पैमाना (Interval scale) और अनुपात पैमाना (Ratio scale) दोनों में लगातार बिंदुओं के बीच समान अंतराल (equal intervals) का गुण होता है। नाममात्र केवल वर्गीकरण करता है और क्रमिक केवल श्रेणी निर्धारित करता है। अतः III और IV सही हैं।
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897📚Forensic Explosives & Explosion DynamicsFactors Affecting Blast Damage
Why is it difficult to estimate the quantity of explosive used based solely on damage?
Explanation
Blast damage is determined not only by the explosive mass but heavily by the degree of physical confinement (tamping), standoff distance, atmospheric pressure, reflection of shock waves off walls, and structural shielding in the surrounding environment.
विस्फोट से होने वाली क्षति केवल विस्फोटक के द्रव्यमान पर निर्भर नहीं करती, बल्कि आवरण/प्रतिबंध की डिग्री (confinement), दीवार से तरंगों का परावर्तन, दूरी और आसपास के पर्यावरणीय ढाँचे पर अत्यधिक निर्भर करती है।
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898📚Forensic Explosives & Blast DynamicsGlass Fractures in Post-blast Reconstruction
Why are window glass patterns important in post-blast reconstruction?
Explanation
Fracture mechanics of window glass (radial vs concentric fractures, direction of beveling/rib marks, and displacement of fragments) definitively reveal whether the positive pressure shock wave pushed the glass inwards or pulled it outwards, establishing the direction and focal origin of the blast wave.
खिड़की के कांच के फ्रैक्चर पैटर्न (त्रिज्यीय और संकेंद्री दरारें तथा कांच के टुकड़ों के गिरने की दिशा) यह स्पष्ट रूप से प्रकट करते हैं कि विस्फोट का झटका किस दिशा से आया था, जिससे विस्फोट तरंग की दिशा और केंद्र का पता चलता है।
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899📚Geography of IndiaLatitudinal and Longitudinal Extent
Consider the following statements about India's location and choose the correct option.
Explanation
Geographically, the entire mainland of India lies completely in the Northern Hemisphere (latitudes 8°4'N to 37°6'N) and completely in the Eastern Hemisphere (longitudes 68°7'E to 97°25'E).
भारत पूरी तरह से उत्तरी गोलार्ध (8°4' उत्तर से 37°6' उत्तर अक्षांश) और पूर्वी गोलार्ध (68°7' पूर्व से 97°25' पूर्व देशांतर) में स्थित है। अतः भारत उत्तरी और पूर्वी गोलार्ध में स्थित है।
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900📚Geography of IndiaTropic of Cancer across Indian States
The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which Indian state?
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N) passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. It does NOT pass through Manipur.
कर्क रेखा (23°30' N) भारत के 8 राज्यों से होकर गुजरती है: गुजरात, राजस्थान, मध्य प्रदेश, छत्तीसगढ़, झारखंड, पश्चिम बंगाल, त्रिपुरा और मिजोरम। यह मणिपुर से होकर नहीं गुजरती है।
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901📚Geography of IndiaIndian Drainage System - Damodar River
Which river rises in Khamarpat hill in the Chhotanagpur plateau and is called the "river of sorrow"?
Explanation
The Damodar River originates from the Khamarpat hill in the Chota Nagpur plateau (Latehar/Palamu region of Jharkhand). Due to its historic catastrophic seasonal floods in the plains of West Bengal, it was known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal' (River of Sorrow).
दामोदर नदी छोटानागपुर पठार की खमरपत पहाड़ी (लातेहार, झारखंड) से निकलती है। पश्चिम बंगाल के मैदानी इलाकों में भयंकर बाढ़ लाने के कारण इसे 'बंगाल का शोक' (दुःख की नदी) कहा जाता था।
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902📚Indian Transport & InfrastructureDedicated Freight Corridors (EDFC)
Eastern Rail Dedicated Freight Corridor connects which two places?
Explanation
The Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) is a broad-gauge railway corridor connecting Sahnewal (near Ludhiana in Punjab) to Dankuni in West Bengal, spanning a route length of approximately 1,875 km.
पूर्वी समर्पित माल ढुलाई गलियारा (EDFC) पंजाब के साहनेवाल (लुधियाना के पास) से शुरू होकर पश्चिम बंगाल के दानकुनी तक फैला है, जिसकी कुल लंबाई लगभग 1,875 किमी है।
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903📚Geography of Jammu & KashmirPhysiography of Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir valley is surrounded by the range of Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the _____ Range and on the northeast by the _____ Range.
Choose the correct option to fill the blanks:
Explanation
The Kashmir Valley is an intermontane basin bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range (Middle Himalayas) and on the northeast by the Great Himalayan (Zanskar/Greater Himalayas) Range.
कश्मीर घाटी एक अंतःपर्वतीय द्रोणी है जो दक्षिण-पश्चिम में पीर पंजाल श्रेणी और उत्तर-पूर्व में महान हिमालय (Great Himalayas) श्रेणी से घिरी हुई है। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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904📚Quantitative AptitudeAverages
The average age of 12 students in a class is 20 years. When 3 new students join the class, the average age of the class increases by 1 year. What is the average age of the 3 new students?
Explanation
Total age of 12 students = 12 × 20 = 240 years. With 3 new students, total students = 15 and new average age = 21 years. Total age of 15 students = 15 × 21 = 315 years. Sum of ages of 3 new students = 315 - 240 = 75 years. Average age of 3 new students = 75 / 3 = 25 years.
12 छात्रों की कुल आयु = 12 × 20 = 240 वर्ष। 3 नए छात्रों के आने पर कुल छात्र = 15 और नया औसत = 21 वर्ष। 15 छात्रों की कुल आयु = 15 × 21 = 315 वर्ष। 3 नए छात्रों की कुल आयु = 315 - 240 = 75 वर्ष। अतः 3 नए छात्रों की औसत आयु = 75 / 3 = 25 वर्ष।
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905📚Quantitative AptitudeLCM and Numbers
Find the least number divisible by 2,3,5,6 and 15 which is a perfect square.
Explanation
LCM of 2, 3, 5, 6, and 15 is 2 × 3 × 5 = 30. To make 30 a perfect square, each prime factor must have an even exponent: 2² × 3² × 5² = 4 × 9 × 25 = 900. Thus, 900 is the least perfect square divisible by all the given numbers.
2, 3, 5, 6, और 15 का ल.स.प. (LCM) = 30 = 2 × 3 × 5 है। इसे पूर्ण वर्ग बनाने के लिए प्रत्येक अभाज्य गुणनखंड के युग्म की आवश्यकता होगी: 2² × 3² × 5² = 900। अतः 900 अभीष्ट संख्या है।
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906📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man is facing South. He turns 90° clockwise, then 180° anticlockwise, and then 90° clockwise again. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation
Initial facing: South. Clockwise turns = +90° + 90° = +180°. Anticlockwise turns = -180°. Net angular rotation = +180° - 180° = 0°. Therefore, he is still facing his initial direction: South.
प्रारंभिक दिशा: दक्षिण। कुल दक्षिणावर्त (clockwise) मोड़ = 90° + 90° = 180°। कुल वामावर्त (anticlockwise) मोड़ = 180°। शुद्ध घूर्णन = 180° - 180° = 0°। अतः वह अभी भी दक्षिण (South) दिशा की ओर मुंह किए हुए है।
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907📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense & Pythagoras Theorem
Manisha starts walking from her house and walks 150m south, then she turns right and walks 80m, and then she turns left and walks 60m. She finally turns left and walks 280m to reach a school. What is the shortest distance between her house and the school?
Explanation
Starting at origin (0, 0): (1) 150m South -> (0, -150); (2) Right turn (West) 80m -> (-80, -150); (3) Left turn (South) 60m -> (-80, -210); (4) Left turn (East) 280m -> (-80 + 280, -210) = (200, -210). Shortest distance = √(200² + (-210)²) = √(40000 + 44100) = √84100 = 290 meters.
शुरुआती बिंदु (0, 0) से: दक्षिण में 150m (0, -150); दाएं मुड़कर पश्चिम में 80m (-80, -150); बाएं मुड़कर दक्षिण में 60m (-80, -210); बाएं मुड़कर पूर्व में 280m (200, -210)। न्यूनतम दूरी = √(200² + 210²) = √(40000 + 44100) = √84100 = 290 मीटर।
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908📚Quantitative AptitudeBoats and Streams
A boat can travel 30 km downstream in 2 hours and the same distance upstream in 3 hours. How long will it take the boat to travel 45 km downstream and then 30 km upstream?
Explanation
Downstream speed = 30 / 2 = 15 km/h. Upstream speed = 30 / 3 = 10 km/h. Time for 45 km downstream = 45 / 15 = 3 hours. Time for 30 km upstream = 30 / 10 = 3 hours. Total time = 3 + 3 = 6 hours. Since 6 hours is not among options A, B, or C, the correct option is 'None of the above'.
धारा के अनुकूल गति = 30 / 2 = 15 किमी/घंटा। धारा के प्रतिकूल गति = 30 / 3 = 10 किमी/घंटा। 45 किमी अनुकूल जाने में समय = 45 / 15 = 3 घंटे। 30 किमी प्रतिकूल जाने में समय = 30 / 10 = 3 घंटे। कुल समय = 3 + 3 = 6 घंटे। चूंकि 6 घंटे विकल्पों में नहीं है, अतः सही उत्तर 'None of the above' है।
2026JKSSBInformation Technology Department
909📚Quantitative AptitudeSpeed, Time and Distance - Trains
A train 120 m long is running at a speed of 54 km/h. It takes T1 time to cross the pole and T2 time to cross the 180 m long platform. What is the difference in time (T2 - T1), in seconds, taken by the train to cross the platform and the pole?
Explanation
Train speed in m/s = 54 × (5/18) = 15 m/s. T1 (time to cross pole) = 120 / 15 = 8 seconds. T2 (time to cross platform) = (120 + 180) / 15 = 300 / 15 = 20 seconds. Difference (T2 - T1) = 20 - 8 = 12 seconds. (Alternatively, the difference is simply the time taken to cover the platform's length: 180 / 15 = 12 seconds).
ट्रेन की गति = 54 × (5/18) = 15 मीटर/सेकंड। खंभे को पार करने का समय T1 = 120 / 15 = 8 सेकंड। प्लेटफॉर्म को पार करने का समय T2 = (120 + 180) / 15 = 20 सेकंड। समयांतराल (T2 - T1) = 20 - 8 = 12 सेकंड (या सीधे प्लेटफॉर्म की लंबाई पार करने का समय = 180 / 15 = 12 सेकंड)।
2026JKSSBInformation Technology Department
910📚Basic MathematicsAverages
The average score of 20 students in a class is 75. It is later found that 5 students had been absent. In a re-examination, 4 of them scored 85 each. After including the marks of all 5 students, the overall average becomes 77. Determine the marks scored by the fifth student.
Explanation
Initial 20 students scored total 20 × 75 = 1500. When the 5 students take the re-exam, total students = 25 and overall average becomes 77. Total marks of 25 students = 25 × 77 = 1925. Total marks of the 5 students = 1925 - 1500 = 425. Marks of 4 students = 4 × 85 = 340. Marks of the fifth student = 425 - 340 = 85.
प्रारंभिक 20 छात्रों के कुल अंक = 20 × 75 = 1500। 5 अनुपस्थित छात्रों के शामिल होने पर कुल छात्र = 25 और नया औसत = 77। 25 छात्रों के कुल अंक = 25 × 77 = 1925। 5 छात्रों के कुल अंक = 1925 - 1500 = 425। 4 छात्रों के कुल अंक = 4 × 85 = 340। अतः पांचवें छात्र के अंक = 425 - 340 = 85।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
911📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
The speed of a car travelling from city A to city B was recorded as 60 km/h, and the journey time was noted as 5 hours. However, the actual speed was 50 km/h. Calculate the real time taken for the trip.
Explanation
Distance between city A and city B = Speed × Time = 60 km/h × 5 h = 300 km. Real time taken at the actual speed of 50 km/h = Distance / Actual Speed = 300 km / 50 km/h = 6 hours.
शहर A और B के बीच की दूरी = गति × समय = 60 × 5 = 300 किमी। 50 किमी/घंटा की वास्तविक गति से लिया गया वास्तविक समय = 300 / 50 = 6 घंटे।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
912📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
A train covers a distance S at a speed U. If its speed is increased by 10 km/h, the travel time reduces by 2 hours, and if increased by 20 km/h, the time reduces by 3 hours. Find the distance S.
Explanation
Using S = [U(U + ΔU) / ΔU] × Δt: (1) S = [U(U + 10) / 10] × 2 = U(U + 10) / 5. (2) S = [U(U + 20) / 20] × 3 = 3U(U + 20) / 20. Equating both: (U + 10) / 5 = 3(U + 20) / 20 => 4(U + 10) = 3(U + 20) => 4U + 40 = 3U + 60 => U = 20 km/h. Substituting U = 20 into (1): S = 20(30) / 5 = 120 km.
सूत्र S = [U(U + ΔU) / ΔU] × Δt से: S = [U(U + 10) / 10] × 2 = U(U + 10) / 5। साथ ही S = [U(U + 20) / 20] × 3 = 3U(U + 20) / 20। तुलना करने पर: 4(U + 10) = 3(U + 20) => U = 20 किमी/घंटा। मान रखने पर S = 20 × 30 / 5 = 120 किमी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
913📚Basic MathematicsConditional Probability
A die is thrown 3 times. What is the probability that the sum is even, given that at least one 6 appears and all three outcomes are not the same?
Explanation
Condition B: At least one 6 appears, but not (6,6,6). Total outcomes with at least one 6 = 6³ - 5³ = 216 - 125 = 91. Excluding (6,6,6), |B| = 90. Out of the 108 even sum outcomes in 3 rolls, outcomes without any 6 having an even sum = (3 evens from {2,4}) + (1 even, 2 odds from {1,3,5}) = 2³ + 3(2)(3²) = 8 + 54 = 62. Thus, even sums with at least one 6 = 108 - 62 = 46. Excluding (6,6,6) (sum 18 is even), favorable even sums in B = 46 - 1 = 45. Probability = 45 / 90 = 1/2.
प्रतिदर्श समष्टि B (कम से कम एक 6, लेकिन तीनों समान नहीं): कुल परिणाम = 91 - 1 = 90। सम योग वाले कुल परिणाम = 108, जिनमें बिना 6 वाले सम परिणाम = 62 हैं। अतः कम से कम एक 6 वाले सम परिणाम = 108 - 62 = 46। (6,6,6) को हटाने पर अनुकूल परिणाम = 45। प्रायिकता = 45 / 90 = 1/2।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
914📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man is facing north. He turns 135 degrees in the anti-clockwise direction. Then he turned 180 degrees in a clockwise direction. In which direction is he facing now?
A) North-west
B) South-east
C) North-east
D) South-west
Explanation
Initial facing direction = North (0°).
1. Turns 135° anti-clockwise: Net direction = -135° = South-West.
2. Turns 180° clockwise: Net rotation = -135° + 180° = +45° (clockwise from North).
45° clockwise from North is North-East. Hence, he is facing North-east.
प्रारंभिक दिशा = उत्तर (0°)।
1. वामावर्त (anti-clockwise) 135° घूमने पर दिशा = दक्षिण-पश्चिम (-135°)।
2. दक्षिणावर्त (clockwise) 180° घूमने पर कुल विस्थापन = -135° + 180° = +45° (उत्तर से दक्षिणावर्त)।
उत्तर से 45° दक्षिणावर्त 'उत्तर-पूर्व' (North-east) दिशा होती है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
915📚Mental Ability & ReasoningClock & Direction Sense
At 9:15 am, the minute hand of a clock faces west. Then, at 6 pm on the same day, in which direction will the hour hand point?
A) South
B) West
C) East
D) North
Explanation
At 9:15 am, the minute hand is at 3 on the clock face. Normally, 3 represents East. Here, 3 points West (a 180° inversion or reversal of directions).
At 6 pm, the hour hand points at 6 on the clock face. On a standard clock face, position 6 is 90° clockwise from position 3.
Since position 3 points West, 90° clockwise from West is North.
Therefore, at 6 pm, the hour hand points North.
सुबह 9:15 बजे मिनट की सुई 3 के अंक पर होती है। सामान्यतः 3 पूर्व दिशा को दर्शाता है, परंतु यहाँ 3 पश्चिम की ओर है।
शाम 6:00 बजे घंटे की सुई 6 के अंक पर होगी।
घड़ी के डायल पर 6 का अंक, 3 के अंक से 90° दक्षिणावर्त (clockwise) होता है।
पश्चिम से 90° दक्षिणावर्त दिशा 'उत्तर' (North) होती है। अतः घंटे की सुई उत्तर की ओर होगी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
916📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense (Shadow Concept)
A man walks 57 m, turns right and walks 76 m, then turns right again and walks 57 m. If at the time of sunset, his shadow is to his left, in which direction did he start?
A) South
B) East
C) West
D) North
Explanation
At sunset, the sun is in the West, so shadows are cast towards the East.
Given that his shadow is to his left, his left side must be facing East, which means he is currently facing South.
Now trace his movements backwards:
- He is currently facing South after taking two right turns (each 90° right = 180° reversal of direction).
- Two right turns reverse your facing direction by 180°.
- Since his final facing direction is South, his initial starting direction was 180° opposite, which is North.
Let's verify: Starting North -> turns right (faces East) -> turns right again (faces South). Facing South, East is to his left, where his shadow falls. Hence, he started walking North.
सूर्यास्त के समय सूर्य पश्चिम में होता है, अतः किसी भी वस्तु की परछाई पूर्व (East) दिशा में बनती है।
व्यक्ति की परछाई उसके बाईं ओर है, इसका अर्थ है कि उसकी बाईं दिशा पूर्व है, जिससे स्पष्ट है कि उसका मुख दक्षिण (South) की ओर है।
व्यक्ति ने चलते हुए दो बार दायें (Right) मोड़ लिए (दो बार दायें मुड़ने का अर्थ है दिशा 180° पलट जाना)।
चूंकि अंत में उसका मुख दक्षिण की ओर है, अतः उसने दक्षिण की विपरीत दिशा यानी उत्तर (North) में चलना प्रारंभ किया था।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
917📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection and Distance
Rehman travelled 32km north, 17km south and then 8km east. How far is he away from his starting point and in which direction?
A) 13km, North
B) 17km, North-East
C) 13km, North-East
D) 17km, East
Explanation
1. Net displacement in North-South axis: 32 km North - 17 km South = 15 km North.
2. Net displacement in East-West axis: 8 km East.
Distance from starting point = √(15² + 8²) = √(225 + 64) = √289 = 17 km.
Direction from starting point: North and East = North-East.
Hence, 17km, North-East.
1. उत्तर-दक्षिण दिशा में शुद्ध विस्थापन: 32 किमी उत्तर - 17 किमी दक्षिण = 15 किमी उत्तर।
2. पूर्व दिशा में विस्थापन = 8 किमी पूर्व।
प्रारंभिक बिंदु से सीधी दूरी = √(15² + 8²) = √(225 + 64) = √289 = 17 किमी।
दिशा = उत्तर-पूर्व (North-East)।
अतः सही उत्तर 17 किमी, उत्तर-पूर्व है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
918📚Mental Ability & ReasoningNon-Verbal Series
Look at the sequence of figures (Fig 1 to Fig 4) showing a stick figure, an arrow, and a dot inside a box. Which figure replaces the question mark (Fig 5 = ?)?
A) Fig with horizontal stick figure facing East, arrow at top-left pointing down, dot at bottom-right
B) Fig with horizontal stick figure, arrow at bottom-left, dot at top-right
C) Fig with upright stick figure, arrow at top-left, dot at bottom-right
D) Fig with upright stick figure, arrow at bottom-left, dot at top-right
Explanation
1. The stick figure rotates 90° counter-clockwise at each step: Fig 1 upright (head North) -> Fig 3 horizontal (head West) -> Fig 4 inverted (head South) -> Fig 5 horizontal with head pointing East.
2. The dot moves counter-clockwise along the four corners: Bottom-Right -> Top-Right -> Top-Left -> Bottom-Left -> back to Bottom-Right in Fig 5.
3. The arrow cycles along the four positions and directions: Top-Left (down) -> Bottom-Left (right) -> Bottom-Right (up) -> Top-Right (left) -> back to Top-Left pointing down in Fig 5.
All three features uniquely match Option A.
1. स्टिक फिगर प्रत्येक चरण में 90° वामावर्त (counter-clockwise) घूमता है: चित्र 1 में सीधा (सिर उत्तर), चित्र 3 में सिर पश्चिम, चित्र 4 में सिर दक्षिण -> चित्र 5 में सिर पूर्व की ओर क्षैतिज होगा।
2. काला बिंदु चारों कोनों में वामावर्त घूमता है: नीचे-दाएं -> ऊपर-दाएं -> ऊपर-बाएं -> नीचे-बाएं -> चित्र 5 में पुनः नीचे-दाएं कोने में होगा।
3. तीर भी चक्र पूरा कर चित्र 5 में ऊपर-बाएं कोने में नीचे की ओर इंगित करेगा।
ये सभी लक्षण विकल्प A से पूर्णतः मेल खाते हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
919📚Mental Ability & ReasoningVenn Diagrams / Set Theory
In a software firm of 200 developers, everyone knows at least one language: Python (P), Java (J), and C++. The number of developers who know only Python is equal to the number of developers who know only Java. 30 developers know only C++. Exactly 10 developers know all three languages. 35 developers know both Python and Java, 25 know both Java and C++, and 30 know both Python and C++. What is the total number of developers who know Python?
A) 50
B) 85
C) 105
D) 115
Explanation
Let Only P = Only J = k.
Given:
- Only C++ = 30
- All three = 10
- Only (P and J) = 35 - 10 = 25
- Only (J and C++) = 25 - 10 = 15
- Only (P and C++) = 30 - 10 = 20
Total developers = (Only P) + (Only J) + (Only C++) + (Only P∩J) + (Only J∩C++) + (Only P∩C++) + (All three)
200 = k + k + 30 + 25 + 15 + 20 + 10
200 = 2k + 100 => 2k = 100 => k = 50.
Now total developers who know Python:
= (Only P) + (Only P∩J) + (Only P∩C++) + (All three)
= 50 + 25 + 20 + 10 = 105.
माना केवल पायथन = केवल जावा = k है।
दी गई जानकारी:
- केवल C++ = 30
- तीनों भाषाएँ = 10
- केवल (P और J) = 35 - 10 = 25
- केवल (J और C++) = 25 - 10 = 15
- केवल (P और C++) = 30 - 10 = 20
कुल डेवलपर्स:
200 = k + k + 30 + 25 + 15 + 20 + 10
200 = 2k + 100 => 2k = 100 => k = 50 (केवल पायथन = 50)।
पायथन जानने वाले कुल डेवलपर्स:
= (केवल P) + (केवल P∩J) + (केवल P∩C++) + (तीनों)
= 50 + 25 + 20 + 10 = 105।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
920📚General EnglishTypes of Sentences
Which of the following is an example of an Imperative sentence?
A) How wonderful the weather is today!
B) Did you finish the report on time?
C) Please ensure all windows are locked before leaving.
D) The sun rises in the east.
Explanation
An imperative sentence gives a command, direction, or makes a request (starting with an implied 'you'). 'Please ensure all windows are locked before leaving' is a request/instruction, making it an imperative sentence.
(A is exclamatory, B is interrogative, D is declarative).
आज्ञासूचक या अनुरोधसूचक वाक्य (Imperative sentence) कोई आदेश, निर्देश या अनुरोध व्यक्त करता है। 'Please ensure all windows are locked before leaving' एक अनुरोध/निर्देश है। (A विस्मयादिबोधक, B प्रश्नवाचक और D साधारण कथन है)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
921📚General EnglishSentence Transformation
Convert the following Simple sentence into a Complex sentence without changing the meaning:
"Working hard, he passed the exam."
A) He worked hard and passed the exam.
B) Because he worked hard, he passed the exam.
C) He worked hard; therefore, he passed the exam.
D) He passed the exam with hard work.
Explanation
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause connected by a subordinating conjunction. 'Because he worked hard' is a subordinate adverbial clause of reason, and 'he passed the exam' is the main independent clause.
(A is compound with coordinating conjunction 'and'; C is compound; D is simple).
मिश्रित वाक्य (Complex sentence) में एक मुख्य उपवाक्य (independent clause) और कम से कम एक आश्रित उपवाक्य (subordinate clause) होता है जो सबऑर्डिनेटिंग कंजंक्शन से जुड़ा होता है। 'Because he worked hard' एक आश्रित उपवाक्य है और 'he passed the exam' मुख्य उपवाक्य है। (A और C संयुक्त वाक्य हैं; D सरल वाक्य है)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
922📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsEarly Medieval Indian History
The 'Tripartite struggle' for control over the city of Kannauj was fought between which dynasties?
A) Palas, Senas, Pushyabhutis
B) Palas, Pratiharas, Chalukyas
C) Palas, Pratiharas, Reddis
D) Palas, Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas
Explanation
The Tripartite Struggle for control over Kannauj (the imperial symbol of Northern India in the 8th to 10th centuries CE) was fought for two centuries between three major powers: the Gurjara-Pratiharas of western India, the Palas of eastern India (Bengal/Bihar), and the Rashtrakutas of the Deccan.
8वीं से 10वीं शताब्दी के दौरान उत्तर भारत के सामरिक एवं राजनीतिक केंद्र 'कन्नौज' पर आधिपत्य स्थापित करने के लिए तीन प्रमुख शक्तियों - पश्चिमी भारत के गुर्जर-प्रतिहार, पूर्वी भारत के पाल और दक्कन के राष्ट्रकूटों के बीच लगभग दो शताब्दियों तक 'त्रिपक्षीय संघर्ष' चला।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
923🔬General ScienceRespiration in Organisms
What are the by-products of anaerobic respiration?
I. Alcohol
II. Carbon dioxide
III. Water
IV. Energy
V. Lactic Acid
Choose the correct option:
A) All of the above
B) I, III, IV and V only
C) I, II and V only
D) I, II, IV and V only
Explanation
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen:
1. In yeast (alcoholic fermentation): Glucose -> Alcohol (Ethanol) + Carbon dioxide (CO₂) + Energy (ATP).
2. In human muscle cells during heavy exercise: Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy.
Notice that Water (H₂O) is produced ONLY during AEROBIC respiration (Glucose + O₂ -> CO₂ + H₂O + Energy). Water is never a by-product of anaerobic respiration.
Therefore, the by-products are I, II, IV, and V only.
ऑक्सीजन की अनुपस्थिति में अवायवीय श्वसन (Anaerobic respiration) दो प्रमुख मार्गों से होता है:
1. यीस्ट में (किण्वन): ग्लूकोज -> अल्कोहल + कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड (CO₂) + ऊर्जा।
2. मांसपेशियों में (तीव्र व्यायाम के समय): ग्लूकोज -> लैक्टिक अम्ल + ऊर्जा।
जल (H₂O) केवल 'वायवीय श्वसन' (Aerobic respiration) का उत्पाद है, अवायवीय श्वसन का नहीं।
अतः अवायवीय श्वसन के उत्पाद केवल I, II, IV और V हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
924📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsNational Parks of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following National Parks encompasses the catchment area of Kiber, Nanth, and Kiyar Nallas, all of which drain south-west into the Marwah river, locally called Mariv Sudir?
A) Dachigam National Park
B) Kishtwar National Park
C) Kazinag National Park
D) Salim Ali National Park
Explanation
Kishtwar National Park, located in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, encompasses the high-altitude catchments of Kiyar, Nanth, and Kibber Nallas. All three major streams drain south-west into the Marwah River (locally known as the Mariv Sudir), a principal tributary of the Chenab River.
किश्तवाड़ राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kishtwar High Altitude National Park) जम्मू-कश्मीर के किश्तवाड़ जिले में स्थित है। यह कियार, नांथ और किबेर नालों के जलग्रहण क्षेत्र को शामिल करता है, जो दक्षिण-पश्चिम दिशा में बहते हुए मारवाह नदी (स्थानीय नाम मारिव सुदिर) में मिलते हैं, जो चिनाब की सहायक नदी है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
925📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsRivers and Drainage System of J&K
Which tributary of the river Jhelum originates from Lolab Valley in north south direction and joins the waters of the outfall channel of river Jhelum about 6.5 Km. downstream of Sopore town?
A) Doodhganga
B) Pohru
C) Lidder
D) Rambiara
Explanation
The Pohru River originates from the high mountains surrounding the Lolab Valley in Kupwara district. It flows generally north-to-south through Kupwara and Handwara, receiving the Kahmil, Mawer, and Lolab streams, and discharges into the Jhelum outfall channel near Doabgah, approximately 6.5 km downstream of Sopore town.
पोहरू नदी (Pohru River) कुपवाड़ा जिले की प्रसिद्ध लोलाब घाटी के पर्वतों से निकलती है। यह उत्तर से दक्षिण दिशा में बहते हुए कहमिल और मावर नालों का जल ग्रहण करती है और सोपोर से लगभग 6.5 किमी नीचे दोआबगाह के पास झेलम के आउटफॉल चैनल में मिल जाती है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
926📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense Test
Ravi walks 15 m east, then 12 m north, then 15 m west, and finally 5 m south. In which direction is Ravi now with respect to his starting point?
A) North
B) North-West
C) South
D) North-East
Explanation
Track Ravi's coordinates from origin (0, 0):
1. 15 m east -> (15, 0)
2. 12 m north -> (15, 12)
3. 15 m west -> (0, 12)
4. 5 m south -> (0, 7).
Since his final coordinate is (0, 7), he is 7 m directly North of the starting point.
प्रारंभिक बिंदु (0, 0) से विस्थापन:
1. 15 मी पूर्व -> (+15, 0)
2. 12 मी उत्तर -> (+15, +12)
3. 15 मी पश्चिम -> (0, +12)
4. 5 मी दक्षिण -> (0, +7)।
चूंकि वह (0, +7) पर है, अतः वह प्रारंभिक बिंदु से ठीक उत्तर (North) दिशा में है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
927📚Mental Ability & ReasoningDirection Sense (Angle Rotations)
A man faces south. He turns 90° clockwise, then 180° anticlockwise, and again 270° clockwise. Which direction is he facing now?
A) North
B) East
C) South
D) West
Explanation
Net rotation:
Clockwise turns = +90° + 270° = +360°.
Anticlockwise turns = -180°.
Net rotation = +360° - 180° = +180° (clockwise).
Turning 180° from South points directly North. Hence, he faces North.
कुल घूर्णन:
दक्षिणावर्त = +90° + 270° = +360°
वामावर्त = -180°
शुद्ध घूर्णन = +360° - 180° = +180°।
दक्षिण दिशा से 180° घूमने पर विपरीत दिशा यानी उत्तर (North) प्राप्त होती है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
928📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance (Average Speed)
A car covers a distance at 50 km/h and returns at 40 km/h. What is the average speed for the whole journey?
A) 44.4 km/h
B) 46.4 km/h
C) 46.8 km/h
D) 48.6 km/h
Explanation
When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by the harmonic mean:
Average Speed = (2xy) / (x + y) = (2 × 50 × 40) / (50 + 40) = 4000 / 90 = 44.44 km/h ≈ 44.4 km/h.
समान दूरी के लिए औसत गति का सूत्र:
औसत गति = (2xy) / (x + y) = (2 × 50 × 40) / (50 + 40) = 4000 / 90 = 44.44 किमी/घंटा ≈ 44.4 किमी/घंटा।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
929📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Time and Distance
If a man increases his speed by 25%, he takes 1 hour less to cover a certain distance. What was the original time?
A) 3 hours
B) 4 hours
C) 5 hours
D) 6 hours
Explanation
Let original speed = s, original time = t.
New speed = s × (1 + 0.25) = (5/4)s.
Since distance is constant, speed and time are inversely proportional:
New time = (4/5)t.
Time saved = t - (4/5)t = (1/5)t.
Given that (1/5)t = 1 hour => t = 5 hours.
गति 25% बढ़ने पर (5/4) गुना हो जाती है।
दूरी समान रहने पर समय गति का व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होता है, अतः नया समय = (4/5)t होगा।
समय में कमी = t - (4/5)t = t/5 = 1 घंटा => मूल समय t = 5 घंटे।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
930📚Basic MathematicsProblems on Trains
Two trains of lengths 120 m and 180 m are moving in opposite directions at 54 km/h and 72 km/h respectively. How long will they take to cross each other?
A) 12 sec
B) 9 sec
C) 15 sec
D) 20 sec
Explanation
Total distance to be covered = Sum of lengths = 120 m + 180 m = 300 m.
Relative speed in opposite directions = 54 + 72 = 126 km/h.
Convert to m/s: 126 × (5/18) = 7 × 5 = 35 m/s.
Time taken = Distance / Relative Speed = 300 / 35 = 60 / 7 ≈ 8.57 seconds ≈ 9 seconds.
कुल दूरी = दोनों ट्रेनों की लंबाइयों का योग = 120 + 180 = 300 मीटर।
विपरीत दिशा में सापेक्ष गति = 54 + 72 = 126 किमी/घंटा = 126 × (5/18) = 35 मी/से।
समय = 300 / 35 ≈ 8.57 सेकंड ≈ 9 सेकंड (निकटतम पूर्णांक)।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
931📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsDefence & Joint Military Exercises
Match List-I (Military Exercises) with List-II (Partner Country):
Military Exercises:
i. Yudh Abhyaas
ii. Zapad
iii. Mitra-Shakti
iv. Bright Star

Partner Country:
a. USA
b. Egypt
c. Sri Lanka
d. Russia

Choose the correct match:
A) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
B) i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b
C) i-a, ii-b, iii-d, iv-c
D) i-d, ii-b, iii-a, iv-c
Explanation
Matching joint military exercises:
- Yudh Abhyas: Bilateral army exercise between India and the USA (i -> a).
- Zapad: Multilateral theatre-level military exercise hosted by Russia (ii -> d).
- Mitra Shakti: Joint army exercise between India and Sri Lanka (iii -> c).
- Bright Star: Multinational joint exercise hosted by Egypt at Cairo West Air Base (iv -> b).
Match: i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b.
सैन्य अभ्यासों का मिलान:
- युद्धाभ्यास: भारत और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (i -> a)
- ज़ापाद: रूस में आयोजित बहुपक्षीय अभ्यास (ii -> d)
- मित्र-शक्ति: भारत और श्रीलंका (iii -> c)
- ब्राइट स्टार: मिस्र द्वारा आयोजित बहुराष्ट्रीय अभ्यास (iv -> b)।
अतः सही मिलान i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
932📚Basic SciencePhysics - Gravitation
If the distance between two masses is doubled, the gravitational force becomes:
A) Double
B) Four times
C) Half
D) One-fourth
Explanation
According to Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, the force between two masses separated by distance r is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (F ∝ 1/r²). When the distance is doubled (r' = 2r), the gravitational force becomes F' = F / (2)² = F / 4, which is one-fourth of the initial force.
न्यूटन के सार्वभौमिक गुरुत्वाकर्षण नियम के अनुसार, दो द्रव्यमानों के बीच गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल उनकी दूरी के वर्ग के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होता है (F ∝ 1/r²)। जब दूरी को दोगुना किया जाता है, तो बल घटकर प्रारंभिक बल का एक-चौथाई (One-fourth) रह जाता है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
933📚Basic ScienceBiology - Nutrition
Which term best describes the mode of nutrition in both yeast and mushrooms?
A) Saprophytic
B) Autotrophic
C) Parasitic
D) Holozoic
Explanation
Both yeast and mushrooms belong to Kingdom Fungi. They are saprophytes (saprotrophs) that obtain nutrition by absorbing dissolved organic compounds from decaying organic matter.
यीस्ट और मशरूम दोनों कवक (Fungi) हैं और मृत कार्बनिक पदार्थों से अपना भोजन अवशोषित करते हैं, इसलिए उनका पोषण मृतोपजीवी (Saprophytic) होता है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
934📚Basic ScienceBiology - Reproduction
Match the categories of asexual reproduction in plants with their correct examples:
i. Vegetative propagation
ii. Fragmentation
iii. Budding
iv. Spore formation

a. Mosses and liverworts
b. Begonia and Bryophyllum
c. Yeast and Hydra
d. Clostridium and Bacillus

Choose the correct option:
A) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
B) i-a, ii-b, iii-d, iv-c
C) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b
D) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
Explanation
Asexual reproduction methods matching:
- Vegetative propagation (i) -> Begonia and Bryophyllum (leaf plantlets) (b)
- Fragmentation (ii) -> Mosses and liverworts (a)
- Budding (iii) -> Yeast and Hydra (c)
- Spore formation (iv) -> Clostridium and Bacillus (bacterial endospores) (d)
Hence, i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d is the correct option.
अलैंगिक प्रजनन का मिलान:
- कायिक प्रवर्धन (i): बेगोनिया और ब्रायोफिलम (b)
- विखंडन (ii): मॉस और लिवरवॉर्ट (a)
- मुकुलन (iii): यीस्ट और हाइड्रा (c)
- बीजाणु निर्माण (iv): क्लॉस्ट्रिडियम और बैसिलस (d)
अतः विकल्प A सही है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
935📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityDirection Sense
A man is facing east. He turns 135° clockwise, then 90° anticlockwise. Which direction is he facing now?
A) South
B) South-East
C) South-West
D) East
Explanation
Net angular rotation = +135° (clockwise) - 90° (anticlockwise) = +45° clockwise. Turning 45° clockwise from East points directly towards South-East.
कुल घूर्णन = +135° - 90° = 45° दक्षिणावर्त। पूर्व दिशा से 45° दक्षिणावर्त घूमने पर व्यक्ति दक्षिण-पूर्व (South-East) दिशा में होगा।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
936📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilitySpeed, Distance and Time
Ram while going to school reduces his speed to 4/5th of his actual speed and reaches 15 minutes late. Find the actual time of Ram.
A) 45 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 30 minutes
D) 75 minutes
Explanation
Speed is inversely proportional to time for a constant distance. New speed = (4/5)S => New time = (5/4)T. The increase in time is (5/4)T - T = T/4 = 15 minutes. Therefore, original actual time T = 15 × 4 = 60 minutes (1 hour).
दूरी समान होने पर समय गति के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होता है। नई गति = 4/5 => नया समय = 5/4 T। समय में वृद्धि = T/4 = 15 मिनट => वास्तविक समय T = 60 मिनट।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
937📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KWorld Geography - Cities and Countries
Consider the following pairs:
City — Respective Country
I. Maracaibo — Ukraine
II. Tabriz — Venezuela
III. Nuuk — Greenland
IV. Donetsk — Iran

How many of the pairs are correct?
A) Only one pair
B) Only two pairs
C) Only three pairs
D) All of the above
Explanation
Evaluating the pairs:
- Maracaibo is a major city in Venezuela (not Ukraine).
- Tabriz is an ancient historic city in Iran (not Venezuela).
- Nuuk is the capital and largest city of Greenland (Correct).
- Donetsk is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine (not Iran).
Therefore, only one pair (III) is correct.
युग्मों का सही मिलान:
- माराकाइबो: वेनेज़ुएला में स्थित है (यूक्रेन नहीं)।
- तबरेज़: ईरान में स्थित है (वेनेज़ुएला नहीं)।
- नूक: ग्रीनलैंड की राजधानी है (सही)।
- डोनेट्स्क: यूक्रेन में स्थित है (ईरान नहीं)।
अतः केवल एक युग्म (III) सही है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
938📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KIndian Freedom Struggle - Tribal Uprisings
Consider the following statements about the Tribal Freedom Fighters:
I. Tilka Majhi mobilized the Pahadia tribe to which he belonged and raided the Company treasury.
II. Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu from the Santhal community led the Santhal in the Hul rebellion.
III. Malati Mem of the Tea-garden community strictly opposed Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha movement.

Which of the above statements are correct?
A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) All of the above
D) None of the above
Explanation
Evaluating the statements:
- Statement I is correct: Tilka Majhi organized tribal resistance against British East India Company oppression in 1784 and raided the Company treasury in Bhagalpur.
- Statement II is correct: Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu led the historic Santhal Hul rebellion (1855–56) against the British and zamindars.
- Statement III is incorrect: Malati Mem (Mangri Orang) was an inspiring female tea-garden worker who actively SUPPORTED and joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation and anti-opium movement in Assam, and was martyred in 1921. Thus, only I and II are correct.
कथन I और II सत्य हैं। कथन III असत्य है क्योंकि असम के चाय बागानों की मालती मेम (मंगरी ओरांग) ने गांधीजी के असहयोग और नशाबंदी आंदोलन में सक्रिय रूप से भाग लिया था और 1921 में बलिदान दिया था, उन्होंने विरोध नहीं किया था। अतः विकल्प A (I and II only) सही है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
939📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KPhysical Geography of India
Match the following pairs:
Hills — Related Regions
1. Nilgiri Hills
2. Anaimalai Hills
3. Mahadeo Hills
4. Vindhyan Range

Regions:
i. Part of the Satpura Range
ii. Parallel to the Narmada Valley
iii. Junction of Eastern and Western Ghats
iv. The Southern Part of the Western Ghats

Choose the correct match:
A) 1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv
B) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-iv, 4-i
C) 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-ii, 4-i
D) 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii
Explanation
Matching hill ranges with geographic descriptions:
- Nilgiri Hills (1) -> Junction of Eastern and Western Ghats (iii)
- Anaimalai Hills (2) -> The southern part of the Western Ghats (home to Anamudi peak) (iv)
- Mahadeo Hills (3) -> Part of the Satpura Range in central India (i)
- Vindhyan Range (4) -> Runs parallel north of the Narmada Valley (ii)
Hence, 1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii.
पहाड़ियों का सही मिलान:
- नीलगिरि पहाड़ियाँ (1): पूर्वी और पश्चिमी घाट का मिलन बिंदु (iii)
- अन्नामलाई पहाड़ियाँ (2): पश्चिमी घाट का दक्षिणी भाग (iv)
- महादेव पहाड़ियाँ (3): सतपुड़ा पर्वतमाला का हिस्सा (i)
- विंध्य पर्वतमाला (4): नर्मदा घाटी के समानांतर (ii)
अतः सही विकल्प D (1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii) है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
940📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KIndian Geography - Channels & Straits
The Ten-degree channel separates which two regions?
A) Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands
B) Minicoy and Lakshadweep
C) Nicobar and Indonesia
D) Andaman and Myanmar
Explanation
The Ten Degree Channel is a maritime channel in the Bay of Bengal that separates the Andaman Islands (specifically Little Andaman) to the north from the Nicobar Islands (specifically Car Nicobar) to the south along the 10° N parallel.
10-डिग्री चैनल बंगाल की खाड़ी में स्थित एक जलडमरूमध्य है जो उत्तर में अंडमान द्वीप समूह (लिटिल अंडमान) को दक्षिण में निकोबार द्वीप समूह (कार निकोबार) से अलग करता है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
941📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KTransport and National Waterways
Which of the following statements about India's National Waterways are correct?
I. National Waterway 2 (NW-2) is the Brahmaputra River stretch from Dhubri to Sadiya in Assam, covering about 891 km.
II. National Waterway 3 (NW-3) is the West Coast Canal, which connects Kollam and Kottapuram in Kerala.
III. National Waterway 97 (NW-97) runs on the Zuari River, connecting Sanvordem Bridge to Marmugao Port.
IV. National Waterways 111 (NW-111) is operational in the Sunderbans Region.

Choose the correct option:
A) I only
B) I and II only
C) I, II and III only
D) All of the above
Explanation
Evaluating India's National Waterways:
- Statement I is correct: NW-2 spans the Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km) in Assam.
- Statement II is correct: NW-3 is the West Coast Canal (Kottapuram to Kollam) along with Champakara and Udyogmandal canals in Kerala (205 km).
- Statements III and IV are swapped: NW-97 is the Sunderbans Waterway in West Bengal (172 km), while NW-111 is the Zuari River waterway in Goa (50 km).
Thus, only statements I and II are correct.
कथन I और II सही हैं। कथन III और IV गलत हैं क्योंकि NW-97 पश्चिम बंगाल के सुंदरबन जलमार्ग से संबंधित है, जबकि NW-111 गोवा की जुआरी नदी से संबंधित है। अतः विकल्प B (I and II only) सही है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
942📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KMughal Gardens of Kashmir
Which of the following statements about Mughal Gardens in Kashmir are correct?
I. Nishat Bagh laid out in the 17th century, is located directly along the eastern bank of the Dal Lake.
II. The two most important structures within the Shalimar Bagh are the Pink Pavilion, in the Diwan-i-Aam zone of the garden, and the Black Pavilion, located in the Diwan-i-Khas.
III. Achabal Bagh was also known as Sahebabad during the Mughal period, in memory of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

Choose the correct option:
A) I, II and III
B) I and II only
C) I and III only
D) II and III only
Explanation
Evaluating Mughal Gardens:
- Statement I is correct: Nishat Bagh was designed by Asif Khan (Nur Jahan's brother) in 1633 on the eastern bank of Dal Lake.
- Statement II is correct: Shalimar Bagh features the Diwan-i-Aam with its pinkish sandstone hall and the Diwan-i-Khas featuring the famed Black Marble Pavilion supported by fluted pillars.
- Statement III is incorrect: Achabal was designed and developed by Empress Nur Jahan in 1620 and was historically named 'Begamabad' (not Sahebabad).
Thus, statements I and II only are correct.
कथन I और II सत्य हैं। कथन III असत्य है क्योंकि नूरजहाँ द्वारा विकसित अच्छाबल बाग को मुगल काल में 'बेगमाबाद' कहा जाता था, साहिबाबाद नहीं। अतः सही विकल्प B (I and II only) है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
943📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KGeography of Jammu and Kashmir
Which of the following statements about the geographic characteristics of the Jammu region are correct?
I. Jammu city is situated on a series of uneven ridges of low heights in the Shivalik Hills.
II. It is surrounded by the Ladakh range to the north, east, and southeast, while the Trikuta Range borders it in the northwest.

Choose the correct option:
A) I only
B) II only
C) Both of the above
D) Neither of the above
Explanation
Statement I is correct: Jammu city (the city of temples) lies on a series of uneven ridges of the sub-Himalayan Shivalik Range on the banks of the Tawi River. Statement II is completely false because the Ladakh Range is a trans-Himalayan range lying far to the north across the Great Himalayas in the UT of Ladakh, nowhere near Jammu city.
कथन I सही है: जम्मू शहर शिवालिक पहाड़ियों के टीलों पर तवी नदी के किनारे बसा है। कथन II गलत है क्योंकि लद्दाख पर्वतमाला महान हिमालय के पार लद्दाख में स्थित है, जम्मू के आसपास नहीं। अतः विकल्प A (I only) सही है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
944📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KNational Parks and Geography of J&K
Dachigam National Park is located in which mountain range?
A) Ladakh Range
B) Zanskar Range
C) Karakoram Range
D) Zabarwan Range
Explanation
Dachigam National Park is situated in the Zabarwan Range of the western Himalayas, approximately 22 kilometers from Srinagar. It is the last viable natural habitat of the critically endangered Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu).
दाचीगाम राष्ट्रीय उद्यान श्रीनगर के निकट जबरवान पर्वत श्रृंखला (Zabarwan Range) में स्थित है। यह कश्मीरी हिरण (हांगुल) का अंतिम प्राकृतिक आवास है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
945📚Basic Concepts of ComputersMS Excel - Nested IF Formulas
A company keeps sales data in column B and wants to categorise sales into three levels:
"High" if sales ≥ 1000
"Medium" if sales ≥ 500 but < 1000
"Low" if sales < 500

A student writes the formula in cell C2 as:
`=IF(B2>=1000,"High",IF(B2>=500,"Medium","Low"))`

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
A) The formula will always give an error.
B) The formula will give an error if B2 is blank.
C) The formula will give an error for non-numeric values in B2.
D) The formula will work correctly for all numeric values in B2.
Explanation
The nested formula correctly checks if B2 is at least 1000 (returning 'High'). If false, it checks if B2 is at least 500 (returning 'Medium'), and if false, returns 'Low'. For any valid numeric sales value in B2, this nested logic executes without syntax errors and correctly assigns the appropriate category.
यह नेस्टेड IF सूत्र पूरी तरह से सही सिंटैक्स और तर्क के साथ लिखा गया है। B2 में किसी भी संख्यात्मक मान के लिए यह 1000 या अधिक पर 'High', 500 से 999 पर 'Medium', और 500 से कम पर 'Low' सही ढंग से प्रदर्शित करेगा।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
946📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
If North becomes West, West becomes South, South becomes East, then East becomes?
A) North
B) West
C) South
D) East
Explanation
Each direction is rotated by 90° counter-clockwise (anticlockwise): North -> West, West -> South, South -> East. Following this uniform 90° anticlockwise shift, East becomes North.
प्रत्येक दिशा 90° वामावर्त (anticlockwise) घूम रही है: उत्तर -> पश्चिम -> दक्षिण -> पूर्व -> उत्तर। अतः पूर्व दिशा 'उत्तर' (North) बन जाएगी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
947📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
A person starts from point A facing North. He walks 10 m and reaches point B. Then he turns right and walks 8 m to reach C. From C, he turns left and walks 12 m to reach D. Finally, he turns left again and walks 5 m to reach E. In which direction is point E from point A?
A) North-East
B) South-East
C) North-West
D) South-West
Explanation
Let A be at (0, 0). Walking North 10m gives B(0, 10). Turning right (East) 8m gives C(8, 10). Turning left (North) 12m gives D(8, 22). Turning left (West) 5m gives E(8 - 5, 22) = E(3, 22). Since both coordinates (x=3, y=22) are positive relative to A(0, 0), E is in the North-East direction from A.
बिंदु A(0, 0) से: उत्तर में 10m -> (0, 10)। दाएँ (पूर्व) 8m -> (8, 10)। बाएँ (उत्तर) 12m -> (8, 22)। बाएँ (पश्चिम) 5m -> E(3, 22)। A के सापेक्ष x और y दोनों धनात्मक हैं, अतः E की दिशा उत्तर-पूर्व (North-East) है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
948📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
Ravi starts from his house and walks 15 m towards South to reach point A. From A, he turns left and walks 10 m to reach point B. From B, he again turns left and walks 15 m to reach point C. Where is point C with respect to Ravi's house?
A) 10 m East
B) 10 m West
C) 15 m West
D) 15 m East
Explanation
House at (0, 0). South 15m to A: (0, -15). Left turn (East) 10m to B: (10, -15). Left turn (North) 15m to C: (10, -15 + 15) = (10, 0). Point C is exactly 10 m East of Ravi's house.
घर (0, 0) से दक्षिण 15m -> A(0, -15)। बाएँ (पूर्व) 10m -> B(10, -15)। बाएँ (उत्तर) 15m -> C(10, 0)। बिंदु C घर से ठीक 10 मीटर पूर्व में स्थित है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
949📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense
One evening, Arun was standing in a playground with his back towards the sun. He walked 15 m straight, then turned left and walked 10 m. After that, he turned right and walked 5 m. Finally, he turned right again and walked 10 m. In which direction is Arun now with respect to his starting point?
A) North-East
B) South-East
C) North-West
D) South-West
Explanation
In the evening, the sun is in the West. With his back towards the sun, Arun is initially facing East. Starting at (0, 0): walks 15m East to (15, 0); turns left (North) 10m to (15, 10); turns right (East) 5m to (20, 10); turns right (South) 10m to (20, 0). He is directly East of the starting point. Given the cardinal options, direction falls in the South-East / East sector.
शाम के समय सूर्य पश्चिम में होता है, अतः सूर्य की ओर पीठ होने पर अरुण का मुख पूर्व में था। 15m पूर्व -> 10m उत्तर -> 5m पूर्व -> 10m दक्षिण। वह प्रारंभिक बिंदु से पूर्व/दक्षिण-पूर्व दिशा में स्थित है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
950📚Basic ReasoningVenn Diagrams & Set Theory
Based on the above information, how many students like none of the three subjects?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Explanation
Total liking at least one subject = n(M∪S∪E) = 40 + 35 + 30 - 15 - 12 - 10 + 5 = 73. Students liking none of the three subjects = Total - 73 = 80 - 73 = 7.
कम से कम एक विषय पसंद करने वाले कुल छात्र n(M∪S∪E) = 40 + 35 + 30 - (15 + 12 + 10) + 5 = 73। कोई भी विषय पसंद न करने वाले छात्र = 80 - 73 = 7।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
951📚General Awareness & ScienceSports Current Affairs
India won the Asia Cup Hockey 2025 by defeating which opponent team in the finals?
A) Pakistan
B) Japan
C) China
D) South-Korea
Explanation
India clinched the Asian continental championship by defeating China 1-0 in a closely contested final.
भारत ने फाइनल में चीन को 1-0 से हराकर एशियाई महाद्वीपीय खिताब अपने नाम किया।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
952📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Geography - Rivers
Which of the following options of left-bank tributaries of the river Ganga are correctly arranged from West to East?
A) Ramganga- Gomti- Ghaghar- Gandak
B) Ramganga- Ghagar- Gomti- Gandak
C) Ramganga- Gomti- Gandak- Ghaghar
D) Ramganga- Ghaghar- Gandak- Gomti
Explanation
The left-bank tributaries of River Ganga arranged sequentially from West to East are: Ramganga -> Gomti -> Ghaghara -> Gandak -> Kosi -> Mahananda. Therefore, Option A is the correct arrangement.
गंगा नदी की बाएं किनारे की सहायक नदियों का पश्चिम से पूर्व की ओर क्रम है: रामगंगा -> गोमती -> घाघरा -> गंडक -> कोसी -> महानंदा। अतः विकल्प A सही उत्तर है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
953📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Geography - Climate
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall.
Reason (R): The Western Ghats lie on the windward side of the south-west monsoon.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A) Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A
B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A
C) A is true, but R is false
D) A is false but R is true
Explanation
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and R correctly explains A. The Western Ghats run parallel to the western coast and obstruct the moisture-bearing Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoon winds on their windward slopes, resulting in heavy orographic precipitation.
अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सत्य हैं और R, A की सही व्याख्या करता है। पश्चिमी घाट दक्षिण-पश्चिम मानसून की अरब सागर शाखा के पवनाभिमुख ढाल पर स्थित हैं, जिससे यहाँ भारी पर्वतीय वर्षा (orographic rainfall) होती है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
954📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Culture and Music
With reference to Indian Music, which of the following statements are correct?
I. The Carnatic School of music mainly belongs to South India whereas Hindustani classical music is associated with North India.
II. Dhrupad and Khayal are genres associated with the Carnatic school of music.
III. Bihu songs are sung in Assam during harvest festivals.
Choose the correct option:
A) I and II only
B) III only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only
Explanation
Statements I and III are correct. Carnatic music flourished in southern India while Hindustani classical developed in northern India. Bihu songs are seasonal folk songs of Assam sung during Rongali and other Bihu festivals. Statement II is incorrect because Dhrupad and Khayal are classical vocal genres of Hindustani music, not Carnatic music.
कथन I और III सही हैं। कर्नाटक संगीत दक्षिण भारत तथा हिंदुस्तानी संगीत उत्तर भारत से संबंधित है। बिहू गीत असम के लोक उत्सवों में गाए जाते हैं। कथन II गलत है क्योंकि ध्रुपद और ख्याल हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत की प्रमुख शैलियाँ हैं, कर्नाटक संगीत की नहीं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
955📚General Awareness & ScienceMedieval Indian History
Who founded the Vijaynagar Empire in the 14th Century?
A) Bahman Shah
B) Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq
C) Krishnadevaraya
D) Harihara and Bukka
Explanation
The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE on the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River by two brothers, Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, under the spiritual guidance of Saint Vidyaranya.
विजयनगर साम्राज्य की स्थापना 1336 ई. में तुंगभद्रा नदी के तट पर संगम वंश के दो भाइयों हरिहर और बुक्का राय ने संत विद्यारण्य के आशीर्वाद से की थी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
956📚General Awareness & ScienceGeography of Jammu and Kashmir - Passes
Arrange the following passes from West to East.
I. Haji pir pass
II. Sach pass
III. Banihal pass
Choose the correct option:
A) I - II - III
B) III - II - I
C) I - III - II
D) II - III - I
Explanation
From West to East: Haji Pir Pass (connecting Poonch and Uri in the western Pir Panjal, ~74.1°E) is furthest west; Banihal Pass (connecting Jammu with Kashmir Valley, ~75.2°E) lies in the central segment; and Sach Pass (connecting Chamba and Pangi Valley in Himachal Pradesh, ~76.2°E) lies furthest east. Hence, the order is I - III - II.
पश्चिम से पूर्व की दिशा में: हाजी पीर दर्रा (पुंछ-उरी क्षेत्र, लगभग 74.1° पूर्व) सबसे पश्चिम में है; बनिहाल दर्रा (जम्मू-श्रीनगर मार्ग, लगभग 75.2° पूर्व) मध्य में; तथा साच दर्रा (चंबा-पांगी घाटी, हिमाचल प्रदेश, लगभग 76.2° पूर्व) सबसे पूर्व में स्थित है। अतः क्रम I - III - II है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
957📚General Awareness & ScienceGeography of Jammu and Kashmir - Mountains
Which of the following are the peaks of the Pir Panjal Range at its eastern end?
I. Deo Tibba
II. Indrasan
Choose the correct option:
A) I only
B) II only
C) Both I and II
D) Neither I nor II
Explanation
Both Deo Tibba (6,001 m) and Indrasan (6,221 m) are the highest and most prominent peaks located at the eastern terminus of the Pir Panjal range in Himachal Pradesh.
देव टिब्बा (6,001 मीटर) और इंद्रासन (6,221 मीटर) दोनों ही पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला के पूर्वी छोर (हिमाचल प्रदेश में) पर स्थित प्रमुख और सर्वोच्च चोटियाँ हैं। अतः I और II दोनों सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
958📚Basic MathematicsMensuration - Circles
The distance covered by a tire of 84 cm radius in 4 revolutions is
A) 1056 cm
B) 2112 cm
C) 840 cm
D) 1840 cm
Explanation
Distance covered in 1 revolution = 2πr = 2 × (22/7) × 84 = 2 × 22 × 12 = 528 cm. In 4 revolutions = 4 × 528 = 2112 cm.
एक चक्कर में तय दूरी (परिधि) = 2πr = 2 × (22/7) × 84 = 528 सेमी। अतः 4 चक्करों में दूरी = 4 × 528 = 2112 सेमी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
959📚Environment, Ecology & ForestryMining Impacts and Environmental Law
With reference to 'Rat-hole mining' as practiced in parts of Northeast India, identify the correct statements.
I. It is a process of digging narrow horizontal tunnels into the hill slopes by extraction workers.
II. The National Green Tribunal has banned this practice.
III. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) caused by this practice is characterized by high pH levels, making the water highly alkaline.
A) I and III only
B) II only
C) I and II only
D) All of the above
Explanation
Statements I and II are correct. Rat-hole mining (widely practiced in Meghalaya) involves digging narrow tunnels into hillsides to extract coal, and it was banned by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014 due to environmental and safety hazards. Statement III is incorrect because Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) results in severely acidic water with low pH (not high pH / alkaline) due to sulfuric acid formation.
कथन I और II सही हैं। रैट-होल खनन में संकीर्ण सुरंगें खोदकर कोयला निकाला जाता है, जिसे एनजीटी (NGT) ने 2014 में प्रतिबंधित कर दिया था। कथन III गलत है क्योंकि एसिड माइन ड्रेनेज (AMD) के कारण जल का pH मान कम (अम्लीय) हो जाता है, न कि उच्च (क्षारीय)। अतः केवल I और II सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
960📚Environment, Ecology & ForestryWildlife Ecology and Animal Behavior
Which of the following statements best describes 'Altitudinal Migration'?
A) Movement of Marine species towards the equator for warmer waters
B) Long-distance migration across continents to avoid harsh warm weather conditions
C) Short-distance animal migration to higher altitudes to escape extreme heat
D) Movement of Marine species towards the surface warm waters
Explanation
Altitudinal migration is a short-distance vertical migration where animals move up and down mountainous elevation gradients in response to seasonal temperature changes, food availability, or extreme heat.
तुंगता प्रवास (Altitudinal Migration) एक अल्पकालिक ऊर्ध्वाधर प्रवास है जिसमें जीव अत्यधिक तापमान या भोजन की उपलब्धता के अनुसार पहाड़ों पर ऊंचाई अथवा नीचे की घाटियों की ओर पलायन करते हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
961🔬General SciencePhysics - Optics and Lenses
An object 2 m tall is placed at a distance of 50 cm in front of a convex lens. The lens has a power of +5 D. Calculate the height and nature of the image formed by the lens.
A) 1 m, virtual and erect
B) 1.33 m, real and inverted
C) 1.5 m, real and inverted
D) 1.6 m, virtual and erect
Explanation
Focal length f = 1 / P = 1 / 5 m = +20 cm. Object distance u = -50 cm, object height h = 2 m. Lens formula: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f => 1/v = 1/20 - 1/50 = (5 - 2)/100 = 3/100 => v = +100/3 cm. Magnification m = v / u = (100/3) / (-50) = -2/3. Height of image h' = m × h = (-2/3) × 2 m = -4/3 m = -1.33 m. The negative sign denotes a real and inverted image with a height of 1.33 m.
फोकस दूरी f = 1/5 m = +20 सेमी। वस्तु दूरी u = -50 सेमी, ऊँचाई h = 2 मीटर। लेंस सूत्र: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f => 1/v = 1/20 - 1/50 = 3/100 => v = +100/3 सेमी। आवर्धन m = v/u = -2/3। प्रतिबिम्ब की ऊँचाई h' = (-2/3) × 2 = -1.33 मीटर (ऋणात्मक चिह्न वास्तविक और उल्टा प्रतिबिम्ब दर्शाता है)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
962🔬General ScienceBiology - Plant Physiology and Transport
Which of the following statements about transportation of water, food and minerals in plants is NOT correct?
A) The ascent of sap in tall trees primarily occurs due to transpiration pull, cohesion, and adhesion forces rather than root pressure alone.
B) Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals mainly in an upward direction, while phloem can transport food both upward and downward.
C) Phloem transport requires metabolic energy, whereas xylem transport is largely a passive process.
D) Minerals absorbed by roots move through phloem vessels to reach the leaves where they are utilized for photosynthesis.
Explanation
Statement D is NOT correct because minerals absorbed from the soil by roots are transported to leaves via xylem vessels along with the water stream (ascent of sap), not through phloem vessels (which translocate photosynthesized organic solutes like sucrose).
कथन D गलत है क्योंकि जड़ों द्वारा अवशोषित खनिज जाइलम वाहिकाओं (xylem vessels) के माध्यम से जल के साथ पत्तियों तक पहुँचते हैं, फ्लोएम द्वारा नहीं (फ्लोएम पत्तियों में बने शर्करा और भोजन का संवहन करता है)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
963🔬General ScienceBiology - Asexual Reproduction
Raghav was confused about how plants reproduce asexually. His teacher explained methods like Budding and Fragmentation, but Raghav wasn't sure how to tell them apart. Which of the following best distinguishes the two processes?
A) In budding, a small protrusion forms on the parent and may stay attached before detaching, while in fragmentation, the parent breaks into pieces, and each piece grows into a new organism.
B) In budding, offspring develop from specialized reproductive cells, whereas in fragmentation, the parent divides under environmental stress to form new organisms.
C) In budding, a small part of the parent detaches and grows into an independent organism, whereas in fragmentation, the parent splits into fragments that grow into independent organisms.
D) In budding, the offspring remain attached to the parent for a while, while in fragmentation, the parent breaks into two parts that grow into independent organisms.
Explanation
In budding (e.g., Yeast, Hydra), a distinct localized outgrowth or bulb-like projection (bud) develops on the parent body through cell division, which may mature and detach. In fragmentation (e.g., Spirogyra), the mature multicellular organism simply breaks into two or more distinct pieces/fragments, and each fragment regenerates into a complete new individual.
मुकुलन में जनक जीव के शरीर पर एक उभार या कली (मुकुल) निकलती है जो वृद्धि के बाद अलग होकर नया जीव बनाती है। विखंडन (जैसे स्पाइरोगाइरा में) में जीव का शरीर परिपक्व होकर टुकड़ों में टूट जाता है और प्रत्येक टुकड़ा वृद्धि करके पूर्ण जीव बन जाता है। अतः कथन A सही विभेद करता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
964📚General Awareness & ScienceWorld Geography - Explorers and Discoveries
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Geographical Discoveries - Discoverers:
I. Cape of Good Hope - Vasco De Gama
II. Solar System - Kepler
III. Australia - James Cook
Choose the correct option:
A) I only
B) III only
C) I and III only
D) All of the above
Explanation
Only pair III is correctly matched: Captain James Cook charted and claimed the eastern coast of Australia in 1770. In contrast: Cape of Good Hope was discovered by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 (Vasco da Gama was the first to sail past it to India in 1497); and the heliocentric model of the Solar System was discovered by Nicolaus Copernicus (Kepler discovered the laws of planetary motion).
केवल युग्म III सही सुमेलित है: कैप्टन जेम्स कुक ने 1770 में ऑस्ट्रेलिया के पूर्वी तट की खोज व मानचित्रण किया था। केप ऑफ गुड होप की खोज बार Bartolomeu Dias (बार्थोलोम्यू डियास) ने 1488 में की थी और सौरमंडल के सूर्य-केंद्रीय सिद्धांत की खोज निकोलस कोपरनिकस ने की थी (केप्लर ने ग्रहों की गति के नियम दिए थे)। अतः केवल III सही है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
965📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
At 5 p.m., Mr. Floyd is standing facing a tower. His shadow falls exactly to his right. After 30 minutes, he turns 180° and starts walking straight. In which direction is he walking?
A) East
B) North
C) South
D) West
Explanation
At 5 p.m., the sun is in the West, so all shadows cast towards the East. Since his shadow falls to his right, his Right = East. This implies he is facing North (Left = West, Behind = South). When he turns 180°, he faces the opposite direction, which is South, and begins walking South.
शाम 5 बजे सूर्य पश्चिम में होता है, अतः परछाई पूर्व दिशा में बनेगी। परछाई उनके दाईं ओर है, जिसका अर्थ है कि उनका दायां भाग पूर्व है। अतः वह उत्तर की ओर मुंह करके खड़े थे। 180° घूमने के बाद उनका मुंह दक्षिण दिशा में हो जाएगा और वह दक्षिण दिशा में ही चलेंगे।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
966📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Distance and Time
Three boats, A, B and C, start from the same jetty and move in the same direction along a river. Their speeds in still water are 18 km/h, 24 km/h and 36 km/h, respectively. Boat B starts 1 hour after Boat A. If Boat B and Boat C overtake Boat A at the same time, how many hours after Boat B did Boat C start?
A) 1 hour
B) 2 hours
C) 3 hours
D) Cannot be determined
Explanation
Let t be the time taken by Boat B to overtake Boat A. Boat A has travelled for (t + 1) hours. Distance: 18(t + 1) = 24t => 18 = 6t => t = 3 hours. So B travels for 3 hours, meaning Boat A travelled for 3 + 1 = 4 hours, and overtaking distance = 18 × 4 = 72 km. Boat C also covers 72 km at 36 km/h, taking 72 / 36 = 2 hours. Since the overtake happens 4 hours after A started, Boat C must have started 4 - 2 = 2 hours after Boat A. Since Boat B started 1 hour after A, Boat C started 2 - 1 = 1 hour after Boat B.
माना नाव B को A से आगे निकलने में t घंटे लगते हैं। A कुल (t + 1) घंटे चलती है। दूरी: 18(t + 1) = 24t => t = 3 घंटे। अतः A कुल 4 घंटे चलती है और कुल दूरी = 72 किमी है। C को 72 किमी तय करने में 72 / 36 = 2 घंटे लगते हैं। चूंकि ओवरटेक A के चलने के 4 घंटे बाद होता है, अतः C ने A के चलने के 2 घंटे बाद प्रस्थान किया। चूंकि B ने A के 1 घंटे बाद प्रस्थान किया था, अतः C ने B के 1 घंटे बाद प्रस्थान किया।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
967📚Modern Indian HistoryRevolt of 1857 & Government of India Act 1858
Following the suppression of the revolt of 1857, what major constitutional change was adopted via the Government of India Act, 1858?
Explanation
The Government of India Act, 1858 (also known as the Act for the Better Government of India) liquidated the British East India Company and transferred the government, territories, and revenues of India directly to the British Crown (Queen Victoria). The Governor-General was given the additional title of Viceroy, and a Secretary of State for India was created to head the Indian administration.
भारत सरकार अधिनियम, 1858 (भारत के बेहतर शासन के लिए अधिनियम) द्वारा ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के शासन को समाप्त कर दिया गया और भारत का प्रशासन, क्षेत्र एवं राजस्व सीधे ब्रिटिश क्राउन (महारानी विक्टोरिया) को हस्तांतरित कर दिया गया। गवर्नर-जनरल को 'वायसराय' की उपाधि दी गई और भारतीय प्रशासन का प्रभार 'भारत के राज्य सचिव' को सौंपा गया।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
968📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsInternational Date Line & Longitudes
A ship is sailing from the International Date Line on Wednesday, from East to West (from America to Russia). What will happen to the day or date on the ship?
Explanation
The International Date Line (IDL) lies around the 180° meridian. Moving from East to West across the IDL (from the Western Hemisphere / Americas into the Eastern Hemisphere / Asia / Russia) means advancing by 24 hours (gaining/forwarding a day). Therefore, a traveller crossing the line on Wednesday advances their calendar directly to Thursday (one day forward).
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय तिथि रेखा (180° देशांतर) को पूर्व से पश्चिम की ओर (अर्थात पश्चिमी गोलार्ध/अमेरिका से पूर्वी गोलार्ध/रूस की ओर) पार करने पर कैलेंडर में एक दिन जोड़ दिया जाता है (घड़ी 24 घंटे आगे बढ़ जाती है)। अतः बुधवार को रेखा पार करने पर तारीख और दिन बदलकर गुरुवार (एक दिन आगे) हो जाएगा।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
969📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsEarth Movements & Solstices
On December 22nd, Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, which of the following statements stands true?
Explanation
On December 21/22 (Winter Solstice in Northern Hemisphere / Summer Solstice in Southern Hemisphere), the South Pole is tilted towards the Sun and the Sun is vertically overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S). Consequently, regions south of the Antarctic Circle (66.5° S) experience continuous 24-hour daylight where the sun never sets. Meanwhile, the Arctic Circle experiences 24 hours of darkness.
22 दिसंबर को शीतकालीन संक्रांति (Winter Solstice) के दिन सूर्य की किरणें मकर रेखा (23.5° S) पर लंबवत पड़ती हैं। इस समय दक्षिणी ध्रुव सूर्य की ओर झुका होता है, जिससे अंटार्कटिक वृत्त (66.5° S) और उसके दक्षिण में 24 घंटे दिन रहता है और 'सूर्य कभी अस्त नहीं होता' (मध्यरात्रि का सूर्य)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
970📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsUNESCO World Heritage Sites in India
The UNESCO World Heritage Sites 'Mountain Railways of India' recognises which of the following?
Explanation
The UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Mountain Railways of India' includes three historic railway lines:
1. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal) - inscribed in 1999
2. Nilgiri Mountain Railway (Tamil Nadu) - inscribed in 2005
3. Kalka-Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh) - inscribed in 2008
Hence, all of the above are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल 'माउंटेन रेलवे ऑफ इंडिया' में भारत की तीन ऐतिहासिक नैरो/मीटर गेज पहाड़ी रेलवे लाइनें शामिल हैं:
1. दार्जिलिंग हिमालयन रेलवे (पश्चिम बंगाल) - 1999 में शामिल
2. नीलगिरि माउंटेन रेलवे (तमिलनाडु) - 2005 में शामिल
3. कालका-शिमला रेलवे (हिमाचल प्रदेश) - 2008 में शामिल
अतः उपरोक्त सभी (All of the above) विकल्प D सही है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
971📚Basic MathematicsSet Theory & Percentages
In an examination, 54% of the candidates passed in science and 42% failed in mathematics. If 32% failed in both subjects, what percentage passed in both subjects?
Explanation
Percentage failed in Science = 100% - 54% = 46%.
Percentage failed in Mathematics = 42%.
Percentage failed in both subjects = 32%.
Percentage failed in at least one subject = Fail(Science) + Fail(Math) - Fail(Both)
= 46% + 42% - 32% = 56%.
Percentage passed in both subjects = 100% - 56% = 44%.
विज्ञान में अनुत्तीर्ण प्रतिशत = 100% - 54% = 46%।
गणित में अनुत्तीर्ण प्रतिशत = 42%।
दोनों में अनुत्तीर्ण प्रतिशत = 32%।
कम से कम एक विषय में अनुत्तीर्ण = 46% + 42% - 32% = 56%।
दोनों विषयों में उत्तीर्ण प्रतिशत = 100% - 56% = 44% (विकल्प D)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
972📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Distance & Time
A 900 km trip takes 11 hours. If 2/5 of the distance is covered at 60 km/h, what speed is needed for the rest of the trip?
Explanation
Total distance = 900 km, Total time = 11 hours.
Distance 1 = (2/5) × 900 = 360 km.
Time 1 = 360 / 60 = 6 hours.
Remaining distance = 900 - 360 = 540 km.
Remaining time = 11 - 6 = 5 hours.
Required speed = 540 / 5 = 108 km/h.
कुल दूरी = 900 किमी, कुल समय = 11 घंटे।
पहली दूरी = (2/5) × 900 = 360 किमी।
पहला समय = 360 / 60 = 6 घंटे।
शेष दूरी = 900 - 360 = 540 किमी।
शेष समय = 11 - 6 = 5 घंटे।
आवश्यक गति = 540 / 5 = 108 किमी/घंटा (विकल्प A)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
973📚Basic MathematicsSpeed, Distance & Time
A person covered 42 kilometers in 5 hours, using both walking and cycling. Walking speed was 6 km/h, and cycling speed was 10 km/h. What distance did they cover by walking?
Explanation
Let walking time be t hours. Then cycling time = (5 - t) hours.
Total distance = 6t + 10(5 - t) = 42
6t + 50 - 10t = 42
4t = 8 ⇒ t = 2 hours.
Distance covered by walking = 6 × 2 = 12 km.
माना पैदल चलने का समय t घंटे है। साइकिल का समय = (5 - t) घंटे।
कुल दूरी = 6t + 10(5 - t) = 42
6t + 50 - 10t = 42 ⇒ 4t = 8 ⇒ t = 2 घंटे।
पैदल तय की गई दूरी = 6 × 2 = 12 किमी (विकल्प A)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
974📚Basic MathematicsAverage Speed
A man completes a certain journey by a car. If he covered 30% of the distance at the speed of 20kmph. 60% of the distance at 40km/h and the remaining of the distance at 10 kmph, his average speed is
Explanation
Let total distance = 100 km.
- Time for 30 km at 20 km/h = 30 / 20 = 1.5 h
- Time for 60 km at 40 km/h = 60 / 40 = 1.5 h
- Remaining 10 km at 10 km/h = 10 / 10 = 1.0 h
Total time = 1.5 + 1.5 + 1.0 = 4.0 hours.
Average speed = Total distance / Total time = 100 / 4.0 = 25 km/h.
माना कुल दूरी = 100 किमी।
- 30 किमी का समय (20 किमी/घंटा पर) = 30/20 = 1.5 घंटे
- 60 किमी का समय (40 किमी/घंटा पर) = 60/40 = 1.5 घंटे
- शेष 10 किमी का समय (10 किमी/घंटा पर) = 10/10 = 1.0 घंटा
कुल समय = 1.5 + 1.5 + 1.0 = 4 घंटे।
औसत गति = 100 / 4 = 25 किमी/घंटा (विकल्प A)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
975📚Basic MathematicsAverage Speed
A man covers half of his journey at 6 km/h and the remaining half at 3 km/h. His average speed is
Explanation
When two equal distances are covered at speeds u and v, the average speed is given by the harmonic mean formula:
Average Speed = 2uv / (u + v) = (2 × 6 × 3) / (6 + 3) = 36 / 9 = 4 km/h.
जब दो बराबर दूरियां u और v चाल से तय की जाती हैं, तो औसत चाल:
औसत चाल = 2uv / (u + v) = (2 × 6 × 3) / (6 + 3) = 36 / 9 = 4 किमी/घंटा (विकल्प A)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
976📚Basic MathematicsAverages (Cricket Statistics)
A cricketer has a batting average of 50 runs over 40 innings. The difference between his highest and lowest scores is 172 runs. If the highest and lowest scores are removed, the average of the remaining 38 innings is 48. What was the cricketer's highest score?
Explanation
Total runs in 40 innings = 40 × 50 = 2000.
Total runs in 38 innings = 38 × 48 = 1824.
Sum of Highest (H) and Lowest (L) scores = 2000 - 1824 = 176.
Given: H - L = 172.
Adding both equations: 2H = 176 + 172 = 348 ⇒ H = 174.
(Lowest score L = 176 - 174 = 2).
40 पारियों में कुल रन = 40 × 50 = 2000।
38 पारियों में कुल रन = 38 × 48 = 1824।
उच्चतम (H) और न्यूनतम (L) का योग = 2000 - 1824 = 176।
दिया है: H - L = 172।
दोनों समीकरणों को जोड़ने पर: 2H = 348 ⇒ H = 174।
अतः उच्चतम स्कोर 174 (विकल्प D) था।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
977📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A bird travels: 40 km north, then 50 km east, then 110 km north, and finally 50 km west. What is the bird's final position relative to its starting point?
Explanation
Tracking movements along coordinate axes:
- North-South displacement: +40 km (North) + 110 km (North) = +150 km North.
- East-West displacement: +50 km (East) - 50 km (West) = 0 km.
Therefore, the final position relative to the starting point is 150 km North.
दिशा निर्देशांक:
- उत्तर-दक्षिण विस्थापन: +40 किमी (उत्तर) + 110 किमी (उत्तर) = 150 किमी उत्तर।
- पूर्व-पश्चिम विस्थापन: +50 किमी (पूर्व) - 50 किमी (पश्चिम) = 0 किमी।
अतः प्रारंभिक बिंदु से अंतिम स्थिति 150 किमी उत्तर (विकल्प B) है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
978📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A man starts from point A, walks 20 km East to reach point B. He then turns North and walks 15 km to reach point C. Next, he turns West and walks 8 km to reach point D. Finally, he turns South and walks 15 km to reach point E. What is the distance and direction of point E from point A?
Explanation
Taking point A as the origin (0, 0):
- Point B: (20, 0) [20 km East]
- Point C: (20, 15) [15 km North]
- Point D: (20 - 8, 15) = (12, 15) [8 km West]
- Point E: (12, 15 - 15) = (12, 0) [15 km South]
Point E is at coordinates (12, 0) relative to A (0, 0), which is exactly 12 km to the East.
बिंदु A को मूल बिंदु (0, 0) मानते हुए:
- बिंदु B: (20, 0) [20 किमी पूर्व]
- बिंदु C: (20, 15) [15 किमी उत्तर]
- बिंदु D: (12, 15) [8 किमी पश्चिम]
- बिंदु E: (12, 0) [15 किमी दक्षिण]
अतः बिंदु E, बिंदु A से ठीक 12 किमी पूर्व में स्थित है (विकल्प D)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
979📚Basic ReasoningDirection Sense Test
A truck moves: North 36 km, West 9 km, South 50 km, and then East 9 km. What is the truck's final position relative to its starting point?
Explanation
Coordinates from origin (0, 0):
- North 36 km → (0, 36)
- West 9 km → (-9, 36)
- South 50 km → (-9, 36 - 50) = (-9, -14)
- East 9 km → (-9 + 9, -14) = (0, -14)
The final position is at (0, -14), which is 14 km South of the starting point.
विस्थापन की गणना:
- उत्तर-दक्षिण: +36 किमी - 50 किमी = -14 किमी (अर्थात 14 किमी दक्षिण)।
- पूर्व-पश्चिम: -9 किमी + 9 किमी = 0 किमी।
अतः ट्रक की अंतिम स्थिति प्रारंभिक बिंदु से 14 किमी दक्षिण (विकल्प A) है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
980📚
I walk 30 metres in North-West direction from my house and then 30 metres in South-West direction. After this I walk 30 metres in South-East direction. Now, I turn to my house, in what direction am I going?
Explanation
The path traces three sides of a square inclined at 45 degrees: NW, SW, and SE. The person is now located south-west of the starting house. Facing towards the house means facing North-East.
यह मार्ग 45 डिग्री पर झुके वर्ग की तीन भुजाओं (उत्तर-पश्चिम, दक्षिण-पश्चिम, दक्षिण-पूर्व) का अनुसरण करता है। व्यक्ति अब अपने घर के दक्षिण-पश्चिम में है। घर की ओर मुड़ने पर उसकी दिशा उत्तर-पूर्व (North-East) होगी।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
981📚
Consider the following statements regarding the various proposals made during the Indian Freedom Struggle:
I. The August Offer (1940) was the first time the British explicitly promised the framing of a new Constitution by Indians themselves.
II. The Cripps Mission (1942) offered immediate transfer of constitutional powers but was rejected by Gandhi as a "post-dated cheque on a crashing bank."
III. The Wavell Plan (1945) proposed a "Three-Tier" grouping of provinces into Sections A, B, and C to satisfy the Muslim League.
IV. The Mountbatten Plan (1947) mandated a plebiscite in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the Sylhet district of Assam.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is correct: August Offer (1940) conceded that framing a constitution was primarily the responsibility of Indians. Statement II is incorrect because Cripps Mission did not offer immediate transfer of power (it offered dominion status after the war). Statement III is incorrect because the three-tier grouping into Sections A, B, and C was proposed by the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946), not the Wavell Plan. Statement IV is correct: Mountbatten Plan mandated plebiscites in NWFP and Sylhet. Thus, only I and IV are correct.
कथन I सही है (अगस्त प्रस्ताव में पहली बार भारतीयों द्वारा संविधान निर्माण की बात स्वीकार की गई)। कथन II गलत है क्योंकि क्रिप्स मिशन ने युद्ध के बाद डोमिनियन का प्रस्ताव दिया था, तत्काल हस्तांतरण नहीं। कथन III गलत है क्योंकि प्रांतों का त्रि-स्तरीय समूहीकरण (A, B, C) कैबिनेट मिशन (1946) ने प्रस्तावित किया था, वेवेल योजना ने नहीं। कथन IV सही है (माउंटबेटन योजना में NWFP और सिलहट में जनमत संग्रह अनिवार्य किया गया)। अतः केवल I और IV सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
982📚
Consider the following statements regarding the "Western Ghats" and "Eastern Ghats":
I. The Western Ghats are a continuous chain of mountains that can be crossed only through specific passes, whereas the Eastern Ghats are highly dissected by east-flowing rivers.
II. Deciduous forests are more dominant in the Western Ghats, while the Eastern Ghats are characterized primarily by Tropical Evergreen forests.
III. The Great Escarpment of the Western Ghats acts as a primary water divide between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Choose the correct statements:
Explanation
Statements I and III are correct. Statement II is incorrect because Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests dominate the windward slopes of the Western Ghats, whereas the Eastern Ghats are dominated by Tropical Moist and Dry Deciduous forests.
कथन I और III सही हैं। कथन II गलत है क्योंकि पश्चिमी घाट के पश्चिमी ढलानों पर उष्णकटिबंधीय सदाबहार वन प्रमुख हैं, जबकि पूर्वी घाट में मुख्य रूप से पर्णपाती वन पाए जाते हैं। अतः केवल I और III सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
983📚
Under the Biodiversity Hotspots classification by Conservation International, a region must meet which of the following conditions to qualify?
I. It must have 30% or less of its original natural vegetation.
II. It must have at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics.
III. It must be located in a tropical area only.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria: contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics (>0.5% of world's total) and have lost at least 70% of its original primary vegetation (having 30% or less remaining). They need not be restricted only to tropical zones (e.g. Mediterranean Basin, California). Thus, I and II only are correct.
जैव विविधता हॉटस्पॉट के लिए दो मुख्य मानदंड हैं: कम से कम 1,500 संवहनी पौधों की स्थानिक प्रजातियां होनी चाहिए (कथन II) और मूल प्राकृतिक वनस्पति का 70% नष्ट हो चुका हो यानी 30% या उससे कम बचा हो (कथन I)। हॉटस्पॉट समशीतोष्ण या भूमध्यसागरीय क्षेत्रों में भी हो सकते हैं, केवल उष्णकटिबंधीय में नहीं। अतः केवल I और II सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
984📚
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be caused by long-term exposure to air pollution in urban areas?
Explanation
Chronic bronchitis, ischemic heart disease, and asthma exacerbations are direct, well-documented cardiopulmonary diseases caused by airborne particulate matter and toxic gases. Vitamin D deficiency is primarily dietary or related to insufficient direct UV sunlight exposure.
क्रोनिक ब्रोंकाइटिस, हृदय रोग और अस्थमा वायु प्रदूषण के प्रमुख प्रत्यक्ष स्वास्थ्य प्रभाव हैं। विटामिन-डी की कमी मुख्य रूप से आहार और धूप के अपर्याप्त संपर्क से संबंधित है, वायु प्रदूषण से इसका सीधा कारण संबंध न्यूनतम है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
985📚
Arrange the following steps in a conventional biological wastewater treatment train in correct order (flow direction):
I. Secondary clarifier
II. Aeration tank
III. Primary clarifier
IV. Coagulation flocculation settling (if included)
Choose the correct sequence:
Explanation
In a wastewater treatment plant with chemical enhancement, primary clarifier (III) removes settleable solids, followed by chemical coagulation-flocculation-settling (IV) for fine colloidal removal, then biological aeration tank (II), and finally secondary clarifier (I) to settle biological flocs. Sequence: III - IV - II - I.
अपशिष्ट जल उपचार में सबसे पहले प्राथमिक स्पष्टीकरण टैंक (III) भारी ठोस हटाता है, इसके बाद रासायनिक स्कंदन-ऊर्णन-अवसादन (IV), फिर जैविक वातन टैंक (II), और अंत में द्वितीयक स्पष्टीकरण टैंक (I) आता है। अतः सही क्रम III - IV - II - I है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
986📚
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 derives its statutory basis from a direction issued after the:
Explanation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted under Article 253 of the Constitution of India, which empowers the Indian Parliament to enact laws implementing international decisions. The Act was specifically enacted to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972, gaining urgent impetus following the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in December 1984.
पर्यावरण (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1986 भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 253 के तहत अधिनियमित किया गया था, जो संसद को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समझौतों और सम्मेलनों के निर्णयों को लागू करने के लिए कानून बनाने की शक्ति देता है। यह विशेष रूप से जून 1972 में स्टॉकहोम में आयोजित संयुक्त राष्ट्र मानव पर्यावरण सम्मेलन के निर्णयों को लागू करने के लिए अधिनियमित किया गया था, जिसे दिसंबर 1984 की भोपाल गैस त्रासदी के बाद तत्काल गति मिली।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
987📚
Under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Central Government can issue:
Explanation
Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 gives sweeping powers to the Central Government to issue written, binding directions to any person, officer, or authority. This includes the power to direct the closure, prohibition, or regulation of any industry, operation, or process, as well as the stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity, water, or any other service.
पर्यावरण (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1986 की धारा 5 केंद्र सरकार को किसी भी व्यक्ति, अधिकारी या प्राधिकरण को लिखित और बाध्यकारी निर्देश जारी करने का व्यापक अधिकार देती है। इसमें किसी भी उद्योग, संचालन या प्रक्रिया को बंद करने, निषेध या विनियमित करने का निर्देश देने के साथ-साथ बिजली, पानी या किसी अन्य सेवा की आपूर्ति को रोकने या विनियमित करने की शक्ति शामिल है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
988📚
Consider the following statements regarding the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
I. It was passed to give effect to the decisions of the Stockholm Conference (1972).
II. Section 5 empowers the Central Government to issue binding directions, including closure of industries.
III. The Act explicitly repeals all other environmental laws (Water Act, Air Act, Forest Act).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is correct (passed under Article 253 to implement Stockholm decisions). Statement II is correct (Section 5 empowers the Central Government to issue binding closure orders and disconnect essential services). Statement III is incorrect because the EPA 1986 does not repeal earlier legislation like the Water Act 1974 or Air Act 1981; it acts as an umbrella act to supplement and harmonize them.
कथन I सही है (स्टॉकहोम 1972 के निर्णयों को लागू करने के लिए पारित)। कथन II सही है (धारा 5 केंद्र सरकार को बाध्यकारी बंदी आदेश और सेवाएं रोकने का अधिकार देती है)। कथन III गलत है क्योंकि EPA 1986 पिछले कानूनों जैसे जल अधिनियम 1974 या वायु अधिनियम 1981 को निरस्त नहीं करता है, बल्कि उनके साथ पूरक समन्वय स्थापित करता है। अतः केवल I और II सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
989📚
Match List-I (Section / Power) with List-II (Enactment / Context) and select the correct code:
List-I:
i. Section-5 directions
ii. Category A/B classification
iii. CTO
iv. Ambient air monitoring

List-II:
a. EPA-1986
b. EIA-2006
c. Water Act-1974
d. Air Act-1981

Choose the correct match:
Explanation
The correct pairings are:
- i. Section-5 directions -> a. EPA-1986 (powers of the Central Government to issue closure/stoppage orders)
- ii. Category A/B classification -> b. EIA-2006 (clearance mechanism divided into national and state levels)
- iii. CTO (Consent to Operate) -> c. Water Act-1974 (statutory requirement under Section 25 for discharging effluents)
- iv. Ambient air monitoring -> d. Air Act-1981 (monitoring air pollution control areas and emissions).
Thus, the correct code is i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d.
सही मिलान इस प्रकार है:
- i. धारा-5 निर्देश -> a. EPA-1986 (उद्योगों को बंद करने और सेवाएं रोकने के बाध्यकारी निर्देश)
- ii. श्रेणी A/B वर्गीकरण -> b. EIA-2006 (परियोजनाओं का राष्ट्रीय एवं राज्य स्तरीय विभाजन)
- iii. CTO (संचालन सहमति) -> c. जल अधिनियम-1974 (धारा 25 के तहत अपशिष्ट उत्सर्जन सहमति)
- iv. परिवेशी वायु निगरानी -> d. वायु अधिनियम-1981 (वायु गुणवत्ता और प्रदूषण नियंत्रण क्षेत्रों की निगरानी)।
अतः सही कूट i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
990📚Mental Ability & Logical Reasoningreasoning-analogies-classification
From the given alternative words, select the word which cannot be formed using the letters of the given word:
DISSERTATION
Explanation
The letters available in 'DISSERTATION' are: D, I, S, S, E, R, T, A, T, I, O, N.
The word 'DIRECTION' contains the letter 'C', which does not appear in 'DISSERTATION'. Thus, DIRECTION cannot be formed.
'DISSERTATION' शब्द में D, I, S, S, E, R, T, A, T, I, O, N अक्षर हैं।
'DIRECTION' में 'C' अक्षर मौजूद है, जो मूल शब्द में कहीं नहीं है। अतः DIRECTION नहीं बनाया जा सकता।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
991📚Mental Ability & Logical Reasoningreasoning-analogies-classification
A man starts from a point and walks 30 metres towards South. He turns to his right and walks 30 metres. He then turns to his left and walks 20 metres. Again he turns to his left and walks 30 metres. How far is he from his starting point?
Explanation
Let's trace the person's coordinates starting at (0,0)(0, 0):
1. 30 m South: (0,−30)(0, -30)
2. Turns right (facing West) and walks 30 m: (−30,−30)(-30, -30)
3. Turns left (facing South) and walks 20 m: (−30,−50)(-30, -50)
4. Turns left (facing East) and walks 30 m: (−30+30,−50)=(0,−50)(-30 + 30, -50) = (0, -50)
The final position is directly 50 metres South of the starting point (0,0)(0, 0). Thus, he is 50 metres away.
प्रारंभिक बिंदु (0, 0) से गणना:
1. 30 मीटर दक्षिण: (0, -30)
2. दाएँ मुड़कर (पश्चिम) 30 मीटर: (-30, -30)
3. बाएँ मुड़कर (दक्षिण) 20 मीटर: (-30, -50)
4. पुनः बाएँ मुड़कर (पूर्व) 30 मीटर: (0, -50)
अतः वह प्रारंभिक बिंदु से ठीक 50 मीटर दक्षिण की दूरी पर है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
992📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
The west coast of India receives more rainfall than the east coast because:
Explanation
The Western Ghats form an unbroken continuous mountain barrier perpendicular to the incoming moisture-laden South-West monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea. These winds are forced to rise, condense, and precipitate heavy orographic rainfall on the windward western coastal plain.
अरब सागर से आने वाली नमी युक्त दक्षिण-पश्चिम मानसूनी हवाओं के मार्ग में पश्चिमी घाट एक ऊंचे अवरोधक के रूप में स्थित हैं। ये पर्वत हवाओं को ऊपर उठने के लिए विवश करते हैं, जिससे पश्चिमी तटीय मैदानों पर भारी पर्वतीय वर्षा (Orographic rainfall) होती है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
993📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
The plateau that has both West and East flowing drainage systems is:
Explanation
The Malwa Plateau acts as a water divide between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal drainages. Rivers like the Chambal, Betwa, and Ken flow north-eastward to join the Yamuna and Ganga (draining into the Bay of Bengal), while the Mahi and nearby Narmada drainage basins head westwards into the Arabian Sea.
मालवा का पठार एक प्रमुख जल-विभाजक का कार्य करता है। यहाँ से चंबल, बेतवा और केन नदियाँ उत्तर-पूर्व की ओर बहकर यमुना/गंगा में मिलती हैं (बंगाल की खाड़ी अपवाह तंत्र), जबकि माही और निकटवर्ती नदियाँ पश्चिम की ओर खंभात की खाड़ी/अरब सागर में गिरती हैं।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
994📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
The BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) was established primarily for:
Explanation
The New Development Bank (NDB), established by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in 2014 at the Fortaleza Summit, was founded to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging market economies and developing countries.
ब्रिक्स देशों द्वारा 2014 के फोर्टालेजा शिखर सम्मेलन में स्थापित न्यू डेवलपमेंट बैंक (NDB) का मुख्य उद्देश्य ब्रिक्स और अन्य उभरती बाजार अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में सतत विकास हेतु बुनियादी ढांचा (Infrastructure) परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्तीय संसाधन जुटाना है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
995📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic Mathematicsmath-percentages-profit-loss
Two persons start from the same point at the same time and travel in the same direction with speeds of 25 km/h and 35 km/h. If one person is initially 60 km behind, in how many hours will the faster person catch up?
Explanation
Since both travel in the same direction, the relative speed is the difference between their speeds:
Relative Speed=35−25=10 km/h\text{Relative Speed} = 35 - 25 = 10\text{ km/h}
Time required to cover the 60 km gap:
Time=DistanceRelative Speed=6010=6 hours\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Relative Speed}} = \frac{60}{10} = 6\text{ hours}
समान दिशा में चलते समय सापेक्ष गति (Relative speed):
सापेक्ष गति=35−25=10 किमी/घंटा\text{सापेक्ष गति} = 35 - 25 = 10\text{ किमी/घंटा}
पकड़ने में लगा समय:
समय=दूरीसापेक्ष गति=6010=6 घंटे\text{समय} = \frac{\text{दूरी}}{\text{सापेक्ष गति}} = \frac{60}{10} = 6\text{ घंटे}
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
996📚Quantitative Aptitude & Basic Mathematicsmath-percentages-profit-loss
An aeroplane is flying horizontally at a constant height of 2500 m above the ground. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the aeroplane changes from 45∘45^\circ to 30∘30^\circ in 15 seconds. Find the speed of the aeroplane in km/h:
Explanation
Let the height be h=2500 mh = 2500\text{ m}.
- Initial horizontal distance: x1=2500tan⁡45∘=2500 mx_1 = \frac{2500}{\tan 45^\circ} = 2500\text{ m}
- Second horizontal distance: x2=2500tan⁡30∘=25003 mx_2 = \frac{2500}{\tan 30^\circ} = 2500\sqrt{3}\text{ m}
Distance travelled in 15 seconds:
d=x2−x1=2500(3−1) md = x_2 - x_1 = 2500(\sqrt{3} - 1)\text{ m}
Speed in km/h:
Speed=2500(3−1)15×185=500×65(3−1)=600(3−1) km/h\text{Speed} = \frac{2500(\sqrt{3} - 1)}{15} \times \frac{18}{5} = \frac{500 \times 6}{5}(\sqrt{3} - 1) = 600(\sqrt{3} - 1)\text{ km/h}
ऊंचाई h=2500h = 2500 मीटर।
- प्रारंभिक क्षैतिज दूरी x1=2500/tan⁡45∘=2500x_1 = 2500 / \tan 45^\circ = 2500 मीटर
- 15 सेकंड बाद क्षैतिज दूरी x2=2500/tan⁡30∘=25003x_2 = 2500 / \tan 30^\circ = 2500\sqrt{3} मीटर
15 सेकंड में तय की गई दूरी:
d=2500(3−1) मीटरd = 2500(\sqrt{3} - 1)\text{ मीटर}
चाल (किमी/घंटा में):
चाल=2500(3−1)15×185=600(3−1) किमी/घंटा\text{चाल} = \frac{2500(\sqrt{3} - 1)}{15} \times \frac{18}{5} = 600(\sqrt{3} - 1)\text{ किमी/घंटा}
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
997📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Select the correctly spelt word from the given options:
Explanation
The correct standard English spelling is Disorientation (prefix 'dis-' + 'orientation', meaning the condition of having lost one's sense of direction or awareness).
शुद्ध वर्तनी Disorientation (डी-आई-एस-ओ-आर-आई-ई-एन-टी-ए-टी-आई-ओ-एन) है, जिसका अर्थ भटकाव या दिशा-भ्रम होता है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
998📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Out of the four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence:
"An act of travelling from one place to another"
Explanation
The act of travelling from a starting location to a destination, especially over a considerable distance, is defined as a Journey.
एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान की यात्रा करने की क्रिया को Journey (यात्रा) कहा जाता है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
999📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet. It is estimated that there are about 20000 different species of ants. For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species. If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they really do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow. Ants build many different types of homes. Many ants build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand. Other ants use small sticks mixed with dirt and sand to make a stronger mound that offers protection from rain. Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter. Ant mounds consist of many chambers connected by tunnels. Different chambers are used for nurseries, food storage, and resting places for the worker ants. Some ants live in wood like termites. Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food. Ants are social insects which means they live in large colonies or groups. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species: the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthood, mates, and then spends rest of her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

Why are ants called Earth's most successful species?
Explanation
The opening lines of the passage state: "Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet... For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species." Option 3 correctly combines both stated reasons.
गद्यांश की पहली पंक्तियों में स्पष्ट लिखा है कि चींटियाँ 100 मिलियन से अधिक वर्षों से पृथ्वी पर रह रही हैं और वे पृथ्वी पर लगभग हर जगह पाई जाती हैं, इसी कारण उन्हें सबसे सफल प्रजाति कहा गया है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
1000📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet. It is estimated that there are about 20000 different species of ants. For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species. If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they really do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow. Ants build many different types of homes. Many ants build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand. Other ants use small sticks mixed with dirt and sand to make a stronger mound that offers protection from rain. Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter. Ant mounds consist of many chambers connected by tunnels. Different chambers are used for nurseries, food storage, and resting places for the worker ants. Some ants live in wood like termites. Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food. Ants are social insects which means they live in large colonies or groups. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species: the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthood, mates, and then spends rest of her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

Ants use antennae to:
Explanation
The passage explicitly states: "Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae." Hence, antennae are used to communicate.
गद्यांश में स्पष्ट उल्लेख है: 'Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae' (चींटियाँ अपने एंटेना से एक-दूसरे को छूकर संवाद करती हैं)।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
1001📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet. It is estimated that there are about 20000 different species of ants. For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species. If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they really do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow. Ants build many different types of homes. Many ants build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand. Other ants use small sticks mixed with dirt and sand to make a stronger mound that offers protection from rain. Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter. Ant mounds consist of many chambers connected by tunnels. Different chambers are used for nurseries, food storage, and resting places for the worker ants. Some ants live in wood like termites. Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food. Ants are social insects which means they live in large colonies or groups. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species: the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthood, mates, and then spends rest of her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

What does the Western Harvester ant do during winter?
Explanation
The passage states: "Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter."
गद्यांश में कहा गया है कि वेस्टर्न हार्वेस्टर चींटियाँ सर्दियों के दौरान शीतनिद्रा (hibernate) में रहने के लिए 15 फीट नीचे तक सुरंग बनाती हैं।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
1002📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet. It is estimated that there are about 20000 different species of ants. For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species. If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they really do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow. Ants build many different types of homes. Many ants build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand. Other ants use small sticks mixed with dirt and sand to make a stronger mound that offers protection from rain. Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter. Ant mounds consist of many chambers connected by tunnels. Different chambers are used for nurseries, food storage, and resting places for the worker ants. Some ants live in wood like termites. Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food. Ants are social insects which means they live in large colonies or groups. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species: the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthood, mates, and then spends rest of her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

What kind of homes do army ants build?
Explanation
The passage states: "Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food."
गद्यांश में स्पष्ट रूप से बताया गया है: 'Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food' (आर्मी चींटियाँ घर नहीं बनातीं बल्कि भोजन की तलाश में घूमती हैं)।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
1003📚General English & Comprehensiongeneral-english-vocabulary-idioms
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ants have been living on the earth for more than 100 million years and can be found almost anywhere on the planet. It is estimated that there are about 20000 different species of ants. For this reason ants have been called Earth's most successful species. If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they really do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow. Ants build many different types of homes. Many ants build simple little mounds out of dirt or sand. Other ants use small sticks mixed with dirt and sand to make a stronger mound that offers protection from rain. Western Harvester ants make a small mound on top, but then tunnels up to 15 feet straight down to hibernate during winter. Ant mounds consist of many chambers connected by tunnels. Different chambers are used for nurseries, food storage, and resting places for the worker ants. Some ants live in wood like termites. Army ants don't make a home at all but travel in large groups searching for food. Ants are social insects which means they live in large colonies or groups. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species: the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthood, mates, and then spends rest of her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go through four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

What is the primary purpose of male ants?
Explanation
The passage explicitly notes: "The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long."
गद्यांश में कहा गया है: 'The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants...' (नर चींटियों का एकमात्र उद्देश्य भविष्य की रानियों के साथ संभोग करना होता है)।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission