J&K General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&K

Popular Personalities & Sobriquets of J&K

Prominent historical figures, literary legends, Sufi saints (Lal Ded, Nund Rishi/Alamdar-e-Kashmir, Habba Khatoon, Mahjoor), royal rulers and their famous sobriquets (Budshah, Akbar of Kashmir), and popular geographical nicknames of J&K cities, valleys, and meadows.

SOLVED MCQS
503
PAPERS APPEARED
109 / 122
FREQUENCY RATE
89%
AVG / EXAM
4.6
📊Past Exam Appearance Breakdown109 Exams
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Foreman (2025)21 Qs
Child Psychologist (2025)19 Qs
Psychiatric Social Worker / Drug De-Addiction Counsellor (2025)14 Qs
Telephone Operator / Pump Operator / Mechanic Cum Mistri (2025)12 Qs
Sub Inspector (Finance) (2024)11 Qs
Patwari (2024)10 Qs
Dhobi (2025)10 Qs
Inspector (Finance) (2024)9 Qs
Tabla Assistant (2025)9 Qs
Audio Visual Mechanic (2025)9 Qs
Laboratory Technician (Agriculture / Horticulture) (2025)9 Qs
Accounts Assistant (Finance) (2024)8 Qs
Constable (Executive/Armed/IRP/SDRF) (2024)8 Qs
Draftsman (Civil) (2023)8 Qs
Graduate Level Posts (2024)8 Qs
Clinical Psychologist (2025)8 Qs
Junior Cultural Assistant (2025)8 Qs
Receptionist (2025)8 Qs
Photographer (2025)8 Qs
Junior Engineer (Civil) (2025)8 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Chemistry and Toxicology) (2026)8 Qs
FPF Guard (2026)8 Qs
Veterinary Pharmacist / Stock Assistant (2024)7 Qs
Cleaner (2025)7 Qs
Technical Officer (2025)7 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Ballistics) (2024)6 Qs
Data Entry Operator (2023)6 Qs
Matric Level Posts (2024)6 Qs
Urdu Typist (2024)6 Qs
Scientist - 'A' (2025)6 Qs
Wildlife Guard (2026)6 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Chemistry & Toxicology) (2024)5 Qs
Deputy Inspector Fisheries (2024)5 Qs
Stock Assistant (2024)5 Qs
Modeller (2025)5 Qs
Plumber (2025)5 Qs
Rehabilitation Psychologist (2025)5 Qs
Junior Engineer (Skill Development) (2025)5 Qs
Lab Assistant (Forest/Ecology & Environment) (2025)5 Qs
Junior Microbiologist (2025)5 Qs
Assistant Superintendent Jails (2025)5 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Cyber Forensics) (2024)4 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (DNA) (2024)4 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Documents) (2024)4 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Physics) (2024)4 Qs
Junior Stenographer / Junior Scale Stenographer (2024)4 Qs
Matric Level Posts (2023)4 Qs
Supervisor (Social Welfare Department) (2024)4 Qs
Rent Collector / Re-Toucher Artist / Carpenter Cum Mistri-II / Welder (2025)4 Qs
Laboratory Technician (2025)4 Qs
Veterinary Pharmacist (2025)4 Qs
Laboratory Assistant (Culture Department) (2025)4 Qs
Cameraman (2025)4 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Crime Scene) (2026)4 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Documents) (2026)4 Qs
Inspector FPF (2026)4 Qs
Chemist (2023)3 Qs
Constable (Photographer) (2024)3 Qs
Constable (Telecommunication) (2024)3 Qs
Junior Engineer (Civil) (2023)3 Qs
Junior Assistant cum Computer Operator (2023)3 Qs
Matric Level Posts (Series A - Shift 2) (2024)3 Qs
Museum Curator (2025)3 Qs
Screen Technician / Supervisor (2025)3 Qs
Laboratory Assistant (2025)3 Qs
Animal Keeper (2025)3 Qs
Film Production Assistant (2025)3 Qs
Junior Librarian (2025)3 Qs
Assistant Food Analyst (2025)3 Qs
Educator - Cum - Studio Assistant (2025)3 Qs
Gardener / Farash / Traffic Orderly / MTS / Khansama-III (2025)3 Qs
Driver (2025)3 Qs
Printing Down Operator (2025)3 Qs
Plant Protection Operator / Field Assistant-II / Lab Assistant (2025)3 Qs
Seed Examiner (2025)3 Qs
Junior Engineer (Electrical) (2025)3 Qs
Laboratory Attendant (2026)3 Qs
Junior Assistant (2026)3 Qs
CGL Tier-1 (11 Sep Shift 1) (2016)3 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Biology & Serology) (2024)2 Qs
Field Assistant (2023)2 Qs
Junior Assistant (2024)2 Qs
Truck Cleaner / Driver (Motor Vehicle) (2023)2 Qs
Assistant Secretary - Head Assistant (2025)2 Qs
Remedial Therapist Special Educator (2025)2 Qs
Public Address System Operator (PASO) (2025)2 Qs
Assistant PTI (2025)2 Qs
Computer Instructor-Operator (2025)2 Qs
Drug Control Officer (2025)2 Qs
Junior Laboratory Technician (2025)2 Qs
Junior Scientific Assistant (2025)2 Qs
Chemical Assistant (2025)2 Qs
Kitabat Instructor (2025)2 Qs
Statistical Assistant (2025)2 Qs
Website Operator (2026)2 Qs
Assistant Scientific Officer (Narcotics) (2024)1 Qs
Driver (2023)1 Qs
Junior Engineer (Mechanical) (2023)1 Qs
Panchayat Secretary (VLW) (2023)1 Qs
Sanitary Inspector (2025)1 Qs
Conservation Assistant (2025)1 Qs
Food Safety Officer (2025)1 Qs
Data Entry Operator (2025)1 Qs
Medical Physics Technician (2025)1 Qs
EDUSAT Assistant (2025)1 Qs
Assistant Programmer (2025)1 Qs
Canning Instructor / Instructor Canning (2025)1 Qs
Draftsman (Soil Conservation) (2025)1 Qs
Social Forestry Worker (2026)1 Qs

📝 Solved Questions on Popular Personalities & Sobriquets of J&K (503)

Start Timed Test (503 Qs)Self-Paced Practice
1📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Which of the places is known as the "Gateway to the Kashmir valley"?
Explanation
Banihal (also Qazigund) is known as the 'Gateway to Kashmir Valley' because it connects Jammu with Srinagar through the Banihal pass. Since it is not in the options, 'None of the above' is correct.
بانہال (Banihal) کو وادی کشمیر کا گیٹ وے کہا جاتا ہے۔ چونکہ یہ اختیارات میں شامل نہیں ہے، اس لیے 'None of the above' صحیح ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
2📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
Which pass connects Jammu and Kashmir with Ladakh?
Explanation
The Zoji La Pass connects the Kashmir Valley (near Sonamarg) to Ladakh (Drass/Kargil).
زوجی لا پاس (Zoji La Pass) جموں و کشمیر (سونمرگ) کو لداخ (کراس/کارگل) سے جوڑتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
3📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTGeography
In which tourist place is the Kolahoi glacier located?
Explanation
Kolahoi Glacier is a valley glacier located in the northwestern Himalayan Range, approximately 26 km north of Pahalgam.
کولاہوئی گلیشیئر (Kolahoi glacier) جموں و کشمیر کے مشہور سیاحتی مقام پہلگام (Pahalgam) کے قریب واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
4📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&K UTHistory
Who is popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of India"?
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'. He was a prominent leader in the Indian national movement and formulated the Drain of Wealth theory.
دادا بھائی نائوروجی (Dadabhai Naoroji) کو 'Grand Old Man of India' کہا جاتا ہے۔ انہوں نے پسماندگی اور معاشی نکاس کا نظریہ پیش کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
5📚Accountancy & Book KeepingBank Reconciliation
What type of cheque is that which is issued by a firm but not yet presented to the bank?
Explanation
An outstanding cheque (also known as an unpresented cheque) is a cheque that has been written and issued by the firm but has not yet been presented to the bank for payment.
وہ چیک جو کمپنی نے جاری تو کر دیا لیکن وصول کنندہ نے بینک میں پیش نہیں کیا، اسے بقایا چیک یا آؤٹ اسٹینڈنگ چیک (Outstanding cheques) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
6📚Accountancy & Book KeepingPFMS
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was earlier known as:
Explanation
The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) was initially launched as a pilot program called the Central Plan Schemes Monitoring System (CPSMS) in 2009 to track funds released under plan schemes.
پبلک فنانشل مینجمنٹ سسٹم (PFMS) کا پرانا نام سینٹرل پلان اسکیم مانیٹرنگ سسٹم (CPSMS) تھا، جسے 2009 میں فنڈز ٹریک کرنے کے لیے شروع کیا گیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
7📚Accountancy & Book KeepingSingle Entry System
A statement of financial position produced from incomplete accounting records is commonly known as:
Explanation
Under the single entry system (incomplete records), a Statement of Affairs is prepared to estimate the financial position of a business and calculate opening and closing capital.
نامکمل کھاتوں (single entry system) کے تحت بنائی جانے والی مالیاتی پوزیشن کی رپورٹ کو اسٹیٹمنٹ آف افیئرز (Statement of affairs) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
8📚Accountancy & Book KeepingLedger
The method of transferring items from a journal into their respective ledger accounts is known as:
Explanation
Posting is the process of transferring debits and credits from the journal or other books of original entry to the respective ledger accounts.
روزنامچہ (journal) سے اندراجات کو کھاتہ کھتونی (ledger accounts) میں منتقل کرنے کے عمل کو پوسٹنگ (Posting) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
9📚Forensic Ballistics & Internal/External BallisticsTool Marks
Which of the following statements are correct?

i. Striation is a type of tool mark.
ii. An instrument used to study striations on different objects is known as striagraph.
iii. For comparing striation marks, striagraphy is better than comparison microscope.
Explanation
Statements i and ii are correct. A striation is a scratch-type tool mark, and a striagraph is a mechanical tracing device used to record them. Statement iii is incorrect because the comparison microscope is the standard, most widely accepted and superior tool for comparing striations in forensics.
بیانات i اور ii درست ہیں۔ لیکن بیان iii غلط ہے کیونکہ اسٹرائیشن مارکس کا موازنہ کرنے کے لیے کمپیریزن مائیکروسکوپ کو اسٹرائیاگرافی سے بہتر مانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
10📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationFirearms
The internal diameter of a barrel is known as:

i. Bore
ii. Calibre
iii. Gauge
Explanation
Bore and Calibre refer to the internal diameter of the barrel. Gauge is a system of measurement indicating the diameter of smoothbore barrels (shotguns) in terms of lead balls per pound, but is not the diameter name itself.
بندوق کی نالی کے اندرونی قطر (internal diameter) کو بور (Bore) اور کیلیبر (Calibre) کہا جاتا ہے۔ گیج (Gauge) شاٹ گن کے قطر کی پیمائش کا ایک طریقہ کار ہے، خود قطر نہیں ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
11📚Firearms & Ammunition ExaminationExternal Ballistics
Drag becomes equal to the projectile's weight after which the projectile falls with a constant velocity known as
Explanation
When the downward force of gravity (weight) equals the upward air resistance (drag), the net force becomes zero, and the projectile falls at a constant terminal velocity.
جب ہوا کی رکاوٹ (drag) اور گولی کا وزن برابر ہو جائیں تو اسراع صفر ہو جاتا ہے اور گولی ایک مستقل رفتار سے گرتی ہے جسے ٹرمینل ویلاسٹی (Terminal velocity) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
12📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeTrajectory
The lateral deviation of trajectory of projectile from the plane of departure is known as
Explanation
Drift is the lateral (sideways) deviation of a spinning bullet from the vertical plane of departure, primarily caused by gyroscopic spin and air interaction.
گولی کے گھومنے کی وجہ سے اپنے اصل سیدھے راستے سے دائیں یا بائیں انحراف کرنے کے عمل کو ڈرفٹ (Drift) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
13📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeWound Ballistics
Scorching is also known as

i. Singeing
ii. Burning
iii. Charring
Explanation
Scorching (the thermal damage caused by muzzle flash gases) is also referred to as singeing (specifically for hair) or burning/charring (for fibers and tissue).
شعلے کی گرمی سے بال اور کپڑے جھلسنے (scorching) کو جھلسنا (singeing)، جلنا (burning)، اور کوئلہ بننا (charring) تینوں ناموں سے پکارا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
14📚Forensic Physics & General KnowledgeWound Ballistics
Tattooing is also known as

i. Blackening
ii. Peppering
iii. Stippling
Explanation
Tattooing is the embedding of unburnt powder grains in the skin, which is also known as stippling or peppering. Blackening is the deposit of soot/smoke, which can be wiped off, unlike tattooing.
جلد پر بارود کے کچے ذرات کے چبھنے (Tattooing) کو اسٹیپلنگ (stippling) یا پیپرنگ (peppering) بھی کہتے ہیں۔ دھواں جمنے کو بلیکننگ (blackening) کہتے ہیں جو صاف ہو سکتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
15📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsForensic Science
The concept of anthropometry was given by which of the following scientists?
Explanation
Alphonse Bertillon developed anthropometry (also known as Bertillonage), which was a system of physical measurements of body parts used by police to identify criminals.
الفونس برٹیلون (Alphonse Bertillon) نے انتھروپومیٹری (Anthropometry) کا تصور دیا، جو جسمانی اعضاء کی پیمائش کا ایک نظام تھا جسے پولیس مجرموں کی شناخت کے لیے استعمال کرتی تھی۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
16📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyForensic Anthropology
Who is considered the "Father of Forensic Anthropology"?
Explanation
Thomas Dwight (1843-1911) was an American anatomist whose pioneering research on skeletal identification earned him the title of the Father of Forensic Anthropology.
تھامس ڈوائٹ (Thomas Dwight) کو فارنسک انتھروپولوجی کا بانی یا باپ (Father of Forensic Anthropology) مانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
17📚Organic & StereochemistryForensic Science
Examination of physical and trace evidences collected from crime scene for the aiding of justice delivery is known as
Explanation
Criminalistics is the branch of forensic science that deals with the recording, identification, and scientific analysis of physical and trace evidence.
کرمنلسٹکس (Criminalistics) فارنسک سائنس کی وہ شاخ ہے جو جائے وقوعہ سے جمع کیے گئے مادی اور ٹریس شواہد کی شناخت، ریکارڈنگ اور سائنسی تجزیے سے نمٹتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
18📚Organic & StereochemistryForensic Institutions
Where was the foundation of Department of Explosives laid?
Explanation
The Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO), formerly known as the Department of Explosives, has its headquarters in Nagpur, Maharashtra, where its foundation was laid in 1898.
پیٹرولیم اینڈ ایکسپلوسوز سیفٹی آرگنائزیشن (PESO)، جسے پہلے ڈیپارٹمنٹ آف ایکسپلوسوز کہا جاتا تھا، کا ہیڈکوارٹر ناگپور (مہاراشٹر) میں ہے جہاں اس کی بنیاد 1898 میں رکھا گیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
19📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
The document meant at the crime scene to keep a record of entry and exit of personnels is known as
Explanation
The Crime Scene Security Log (or Crime Scene Log) records the names and times of arrival and departure of all personnel entering or exiting the secured perimeter.
جائے وقوعہ پر آنے اور جانے والے تمام افسران اور افراد کا ریکارڈ رکھنے والی دستاویز کو کرائم سین لاگ (Crime Scene Log) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
20📚Organic & StereochemistryCrime Scene Management
Any physical location where the crime has occurred is known as
Explanation
A crime scene is defined as any physical location where a crime occurred or where evidence related to the crime is found.
وہ مادی یا طبیعی جگہ جہاں کوئی جرم سرزد ہوا ہو یا جرم سے متعلق کوئی ثبوت پایا جائے، اسے جائے وقوعہ یا کرائم سین (Crime scene) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
21📚Physical Chemistry & SpectroscopyPetroleum Products
Blue colour in PDS supplied kerosene is due to
Explanation
Public Distribution System (PDS) kerosene in India is dyed blue using a synthetic organic dye, typically dialkylaminoanthraquinone (often known as solvent blue dye).
راشن ڈپو (PDS) سے ملنے والے مٹی کے تیل میں نیلا رنگ شامل کرنے کے لیے ڈائی الکائل امینو اینتھراکوئنون (Dialkyl amino anthraquinone) ڈائی ملائی جاتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
22📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityNetwork Topologies
The arrangement where all data pass through a central computer is known as
Explanation
In a Star topology, all network nodes are connected to a central hub, switch, or computer, through which all data transmissions must pass.
وہ نیٹ ورک لے آؤٹ جس میں تمام ڈیٹا ایک مرکزی کمپیوٹر سے گزرتا ہے، اسٹار ٹوپولوجی (Star topology) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
23📚Computer Networks & Internet SecurityFirewalls
What is a proxy server also known as?
Explanation
An application-level gateway (or application proxy) acts as a proxy server to filter incoming/outgoing traffic at the application layer of the OSI model.
پراکسی سرور کو ایپلی کیشن لیل گیٹ وے (Application-level gateway) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
24📚Digital Evidence & Data RecoveryFirewalls
The security device which installed between two networks (internal network to outside network) for controlling the flow of traffic into and out of network is known as
Explanation
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.
دو نیٹ ورکس کے درمیان ٹریفک کو کنٹرول کرنے کے لیے لگایا جانے والا حفاظتی آلہ فائر وال (Firewall) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
25📚Cryptography & Network SecurityNetwork Forensics
The process of collection of network device logs is known as
Explanation
In network forensics, collecting data and logs directly from running network devices (routers, switches, firewalls) is known as Active Acquisition.
نیٹ ورک ڈیوائسز کے لاگز کو جمع کرنے کے عمل کو ڈیجیٹل فارنسک کی اصطلاح میں ایکٹو ایکوزیشن (Active acquisition) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
26📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsHistory of Forensics
Consider the following pairs:
i. Father of forensic toxicology - Albert Osborn
ii. Father of Forensic Ballistics - Calvin Goddard
iii. Father of fingerprints - Francis Galton
iv. Father of questioned documents - Mathieu Orfila
Which of the scientists are correctly matched with their domain?
Explanation
Calvin Goddard is widely known as the Father of Forensic Ballistics (ii). Francis Galton is recognized as the Father of Fingerprints (iii) for developing the first classification system. Mathieu Orfila is the Father of Forensic Toxicology (not questioned documents), and Albert Osborn is the Father of Questioned Documents (not toxicology).
کیلون گوڈارڈ کو فارنزک بیلسٹکس کا باپ (ii) مانا جاتا ہے۔ فرانسس گالٹن کو فنگر پرنٹس کا باپ (iii) مانا جاتا ہے جنہوں نے کلاسیفیکیشن سسٹم تیار کیا۔ میتھیو اورفیلا فارنزک ٹاکسیکولوجی کے باپ ہیں اور البرٹ اوسبورن سوالیہ دستاویزات (Questioned Documents) کے باپ مانے جاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
27📚Cell Biology & Molecular GeneticsCrime Scene Management
Which of the following search methods on the crime scene is a very thorough method for searching for evidence?
Explanation
The double strip search method (also known as the grid search method) involves searching along parallel strips and then repeating the process perpendicular to the first path, making it extremely thorough.
ڈبل اسٹرپ طریقہ (یا گرڈ تلاش کا طریقہ) کرائم سین پر شواہد تلاش کرنے کا ایک انتہائی تفصیلی اور منظم طریقہ ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
28📚Forensic Serology & ImmunologyMitochondrial DNA
In the mitochondrial DNA, uninterrupted C-stretches in the mt DNA are an example of
Explanation
Homopolymeric cytosine stretches (C-stretches) in mitochondrial DNA control regions (like HVS-I or HVS-II) are highly prone to replication slippage, leading to variation in length within the same individual, which is known as length heteroplasmy.
مائٹوکونڈریل ڈی این اے (mtDNA) میں مسلسل سائروسین کا بہاؤ (uninterrupted C-stretches) لینتھ ہیٹروپلاسمی (Length heteroplasmy) کی ایک عام مثال ہے جہاں خلیات میں مختلف لمبائی کے مائٹوکونڈریا پائے جاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
29📚General Knowledge & Forensic BiologyGenetics
A chromosomal aberration with a trisomy of chromosome 21 is known as
Explanation
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21).
کروموسوم نمبر 21 کی تین کاپیاں بننے (trisomy 21) کی وجہ سے ہونے والی بیماری کو ڈاؤنز سنڈروم (Down's syndrome) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
30📚Handwriting Examination & ComparisonHistory of Forensics
The concept of 'Every contact leaves a trace' is associated with which of the following forensic scientist?
Explanation
The fundamental tenet of forensic science, 'Every contact leaves a trace', is known as Locard's Exchange Principle, formulated by Sir Edmond Locard.
فارنزک سائنس کا سب سے اہم اصول 'ہر رابطہ ایک نشان چھوڑتا ہے' فرانسیسی سائنسدان ایڈمنڈ لوکارڈ (Edmond Locard) سے منسوب ہے، جسے لوکارڈ کا تبادلہ کا اصول کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
31📚Signatures & Forgery DetectionQuestioned Documents
Match the following:
1. Study of handwriting characteristics -> a. Tracing
2. Non-destructive technique of document examination -> b. ESDA
3. Super-imposition of two signature samples -> c. Graphology
4. Analysis of indented writing -> d. Video Spectral Comparator
Explanation
The study of handwriting characteristics for personality analysis is Graphology (1-c). VSC is a non-destructive optical analysis tool (2-d). Superimposing two identical signatures suggests tracing (3-a). Indented writing is analyzed using ESDA (4-b). This matches option D.
صحیح ملاپ: لکھاوٹ کا مطالعہ گرافولوجی (1-c)، غیر تباہ کن طریقہ VSC (2-d)، دو دستخطوں کا ایک دوسرے کے اوپر بالکل فٹ بیٹھنا ٹریسنگ کی علامت ہے (3-a)، اور دبی لکھاوٹ کا تجزیہ ESDA سے ہوتا ہے (4-b)۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
32📚Ink, Paper & Printing AnalysisHistory of Forensics
Who was known to be the first to use any scientific system for personal identification?
Explanation
Alphonse Bertillon developed the first scientific system of personal identification in 1879, known as Bertillonage, which utilized anthropometric measurements of bodily dimensions.
الفونس برٹیلون (Alphonse Bertillon) نے دنیا میں سب سے پہلے انسانی جسم کی سائنسی پیمائش (Anthropometric measurements) پر مبنی شناختی نظام تیار کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
33📚Forensic Science & General KnowledgeHandwriting Principles
The little variability in a person's handwriting that occurs over time is known as:
Explanation
No person writes exactly the same way twice. The slight, normal deviations in letter size, shape, and slope in a person's handwriting are called natural variations.
ایک ہی شخص کی لکھاوٹ میں وقت کے ساتھ ہونے والی معمولی تبدیلیاں 'قدرتی تغیرات' (natural variations) کہلاتی ہیں کیونکہ کوئی بھی شخص بالکل ایک جیسا دوبارہ نہیں لکھ سکتا۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
34📚Forensic Toxicology & PharmacologyThin Layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography can be used to analyse samples that are believed to contain explosives. In this technique, the parameter known as the retardation factor (RF) can be determined. Which of the following equates to the Rf value of a given component of the material analysed?
Explanation
The Retardation Factor (Rf) in TLC is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the compound (spot) by the distance traveled by the solvent front from the starting origin line.
ٹی ایل سی (TLC) میں آر ایف قیمت (Rf value) کا فارمولا یہ ہے: اسپاٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ تقسیم سالونٹ فرنٹ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ۔ یعنی آپشن A صحیح جواب ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
35📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
What phenomenon is observed when glass fragments are forced backward into a room due to an explosion or impact from outside?
Explanation
When glass is broken by an impact or explosion, most fragments travel in the direction of the force, but microscopic glass fragments are projected backward toward the direction of the blow. This is known as backscatter (or backward fragmentation).
جب باہر سے کسی دھماکے یا ضرب کی وجہ سے شیشے کے باریک ذرات قوت کے مخالف رخ یعنی اندر کی طرف اچھلتے ہیں، تو اسے بیک اسکیٹر اثر (Backscatter effect) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
36📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationToolmark Analysis
What is the term for the distinctive marks or characteristics produced by the irregularities, nicks, or wear on a tool?
Explanation
Irregularities, accidental nicks, and unique wear on a tool create specific marks that are unique to that particular tool. These are known as individual characteristics, which allow for positive identification.
کسی اوزار پر موجود منفرد خراشیں، ٹوٹ پھوٹ یا گھسنے کے نشانات جو صرف اسی ایک اوزار پر ہوں، انفرادی خصوصیات (Individual characteristics) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
37📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationGlass Analysis
The process of physically fitting broken glass pieces back together is known as:
Explanation
Physical-fit matching (or jigsaw fit) is the process of physically assembling broken fragments of glass or other materials to show they were once part of the same object. This provides individualizing evidence.
ٹوٹے ہوئے شیشے کے ٹکڑوں کو پہیلی (jigsaw) کی طرح آپس میں جوڑنے کے عمل کو فزیکل فٹ میچنگ (Physical-fit matching) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
38📚Forensic Physics & InstrumentationCrime Scene Investigation
The window of opportunity to collect time sensitive physical evidence is known as
Explanation
In crime scene investigation, the 'Golden Hour' refers to the critical, initial window of opportunity to identify, document, and collect transient physical evidence before it degrades or gets contaminated.
کرائم سین کی تفتیش میں حساس اور جلد خراب ہونے والے شواہد جمع کرنے کے شروعاتی دورانیے کو گولڈن آور (Golden Hour) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Forensic Science Laboratory)
39📚Organic ChemistryApplied Chemistry
Alcoholic beverages contain
Explanation
Ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) is the active chemical compound found in all alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.
تمام الکوحل والے مشروبات میں ایتھائل الکوحل (Ethyl alcohol/Ethanol) پایا جاتا ہے، جو خمیر کے ذریعے شکر کی ابال (fermentation) سے بنتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest Ecology and Environment Department
40📚Organic ChemistryScientific Instruments
The instrument used for measuring depth of water table is known as
Explanation
A piezometer is a device used to measure liquid pressure in a system, commonly employed to determine the depth and pressure of groundwater (water table).
پیزومیٹر (Piezometer) وہ آلہ ہے جو زیر زمین پانی کی سطح (depth of water table) اور دباؤ کی پیمائش کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest Ecology and Environment Department
41📚Physical ChemistryOperating System
Which of the following is known as the interval between the instant a computer makes a request for the transfer of data from a disk system to the primary storage and the instance the operation is completed?
Explanation
Disk access time is the total time required for a computer to locate and retrieve data from storage disk to RAM/main memory.
ڈسک پر ڈیٹا کو تلاش کرنے اور اسے پرائمری میموری (RAM) میں منتقل کرنے کے درمیانی وقت کو ڈسک ایکسس ٹائم (Disk access time) کہتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest Ecology and Environment Department
42📚Computer KnowledgeBasic Hardware
Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
Explanation
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is known as the brain of the computer because it processes instructions and controls operations.
سی پی یو (CPU) کو کمپیوٹر کا دماغ کہا جاتا ہے کیونکہ یہ ہدایات پر عمل درآمد کرتا ہے اور کاموں کو کنٹرول کرتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Police)
43📚General Knowledge & AwarenessOptics
The inability of a lens to form a white image of a white object is known as
Explanation
Chromatic aberration occurs because a lens refracts different wavelengths of color at slightly different angles, failing to focus all colors to the same point to recreate white light.
لینس کی سفید چیز کا سفید عکس بنانے میں ناکامی کو رنگین انحراف (Chromatic Aberration) کہتے ہیں کیونکہ مختلف رنگ مختلف مقامات پر فوکس ہوتے ہیں۔
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44📚Forensic Science & PhotographyPhotography Science
The amount of light or darkness on a photograph is known as
Explanation
Exposure is the amount of light per unit area reaching a photographic film or electronic image sensor, determining the brightness/darkness.
تصویر میں روشنی اور اندھیرے کے تناسب یا چمک کو نمائش (Exposure) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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45📚General Awareness & Current AffairsFamous Personalities
The Indian to beat the computers in mathematical wizardry is
Explanation
Shakuntala Devi was an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the 'Human Computer' for her capability to solve complex math problems rapidly.
شکنتلا دیوی کو ریاضی کے پیچیدہ سوالات کمپیوٹر سے بھی تیز حل کرنے کی وجہ سے 'ہیومن کمپیوٹر' کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
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46📚General Awareness & Current AffairsModern Indian History
The first newspaper published in India was
Explanation
Hicky's Bengal Gazette (also known as the Original Calcutta General Advertiser) was the first weekly newspaper published in India, started in 1780 by James Augustus Hicky.
ہندوستان میں شائع ہونے والا پہلا اخبار 'دی بنگال گزٹ' (The Bengal Gazette) تھا، جسے 1780 میں جیمز آگسٹس ہکی نے شروع کیا تھا۔
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47📚General Awareness & Current AffairsFamous Places
Which city is known as 'Electronic City of India'?
Explanation
Bangalore (Bengaluru) is known as the 'Electronic City of India' or the 'Silicon Valley of India' due to its position as the nation's leading IT exporter.
بنگلور (Bangalore) کو ہندوستان کا 'الیکٹرانک سٹی' یا 'سلیکون ویلی' کہا جاتا ہے کیونکہ یہ ملک کا سب سے بڑا آئی ٹی مرکز ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Police)
48📚General Awareness & Current AffairsFamous Personalities
Who is often considered the "Father of Indian Cinema"?
Explanation
Dadasaheb Phalke (Dhundiraj Govind Phalke) is considered the Father of Indian Cinema, who made India's first full-length silent feature film, 'Raja Harishchandra' (1913).
دادا صاحب پھالکے (Dadasaheb Phalke) کو ہندوستانی سنیما کا بانی یا باپ کہا جاتا ہے، انہوں نے 1913 میں پہلی خاموش فلم 'راجہ ہریش چندر' بنائی تھی۔
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49📚General Awareness & Current AffairsGeography Terms
The fertile land between two rivers is called
Explanation
The fertile tract of land lying between two converging rivers is known as a 'Doab' (from Persic: do = two, ab = water).
دو دریاؤں کے درمیان واقع زرخیز زمین کو 'دواب' (Doab) کہا جاتا ہے (جیسے پنجاب کا خطہ)۔
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50📚General Awareness & Current AffairsEconomy
Government strategy regarding exporters and importers is called
Explanation
Commercial policy (also known as trade policy) refers to the regulations and agreements that control imports and exports between countries.
درآمد کنندگان اور برآمد کنندگان سے متعلق حکومتی حکمتِ عملی یا ضوابط کو تجارتی پالیسی یا کمرشل پالیسی (Commercial policy) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Police)
51📚General Intelligence & ReasoningBlood Relations
Pointing to a man, Rocky (a man) said, "He is the father of the daughter of my daughter-in-law." How Rocky is related to that man?
Explanation
'my daughter-in-law's daughter' is Rocky's granddaughter. The father of his granddaughter is his son. Rocky (being a male) is the father of that man.
راکھی کہتا ہے: 'میری بہو کی بیٹی کا باپ'۔ بہو کی بیٹی پوتی ہوئی، اور پوتی کا باپ راکھی کا بیٹا ہوا۔ چونکہ راکھی مرد ہے، اس لیے وہ اس شخص کا باپ (Father) ہوگا۔
2024JKSSBHome Department (Police)
52📚General Awareness & Current AffairsCybersecurity
Select the correct match:

i. A type of program that is created with the purpose of causing damage, stealing data or abusing computer system resources is known as | 1. Privacy
ii. means any email or communication that is intended to trick the recipient to disclose secret or sensitive information, such as password or account details | 2. Malware
iii. Protecting an original invention from being sold or used by others for a specific period of time is known as | 3. Phishing
iv. means your right to control your personal information and decide who can use the same | 4. Patents
Explanation
Damaging software is Malware (i-2). Trick communication is Phishing (ii-3). Invention protection is Patents (iii-4). Control over personal information is Privacy (iv-1). This corresponds to i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1.
درست مماثلت یہ ہے: نقصان پہنچانے والا سافٹ ویئر مالویئر ہے (i-2)، معلومات چرانے والا فریب فیشنگ ہے (ii-3)، ایجاد کا تحفظ پیٹنٹ ہے (iii-4) اور ذاتی معلومات کا کنٹرول پرائیویسی ہے (iv-1)۔ یہ ترتیب i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1 بنتی ہے۔
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53📚General Awareness & ScienceJ&K Geography
Gulmarg hill station lies in
Explanation
Gulmarg is a famous hill station located in the Pir Panjal Range of the Western Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.
گلمرگ جموں و کشمیر میں واقع ایک مشہور تفریحی مقام ہے جو ہمالیہ کے سلسلہ کوہ پیر پنجال (Pir Panjal Range) میں واقع ہے۔
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54📚General Awareness & ScienceJ&K Geography
Which of the following is known as the 'Valley of Shepherds'?
Explanation
Pahalgam is popularly known as the 'Valley of Shepherds' in Jammu and Kashmir.
ہند کی تاریخ میں پہلگام کو جموں و کشمیر میں 'چرواہوں کی وادی' (Valley of Shepherds) کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
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55📚Physics, Electronics & TelecomAmplitude Modulation
The amplitude modulation signal without a carrier is known as
Explanation
An amplitude modulated signal where the carrier is suppressed (removed) and both sidebands are transmitted is known as Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC).
ایسا ایمپلی ٹیوڈ ماڈیولیشن سگنل جس میں کیریئر کو خارج (suppress) کر دیا جائے لیکن دونوں سائیڈ بینڈز کو بھیجا جائے، اسے ڈبل سائیڈ بینڈ سپریسڈ کیریئر (DSB-SC) کہا جاتا ہے۔
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56📚📚 Social ScienceJ&K History
Who is known as the 'Samudragupta of Kashmir'?
Explanation
Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is known as the 'Samudragupta of Kashmir' due to his vast conquests and empire building.
کارکوٹا خاندان کے للتادتیہ مکتاپیڈہ کو ان کی وسیع فتوحات کی وجہ سے 'کشمیر کا سمودرگپت' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
57📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
Which of the following is known as the Grape capital of India?
Explanation
Nashik in Maharashtra is known as the 'Grape Capital of India' because it accounts for more than half of India's total grape export.
مہاراشٹر کے شہر ناسک (Nasik) کو انگور کی پیداوار اور برآمد کی وجہ سے 'ہندوستان کا انگور کا دارالحکومت' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
58📚📚 Social ScienceRivers
Which River is known as "Veetesta" (Vitasta) in Sanskrit?
Explanation
The Jhelum River is referred to as 'Vitasta' (Veetesta) in Sanskrit scriptures and 'Hydaspes' in ancient Greek.
دریائے جہلم کو سنسکرت زبان میں 'وتستا' (Vitasta) اور قدیم یونانی زبان میں 'ہائیڈاسپس' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
59📚📚 Social ScienceJ&K History
Who is known as the "Nightingale of Kashmir"?
Explanation
Habba Khatoon, the 16th-century Kashmiri poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak, is fondly known as the 'Nightingale of Kashmir'.
16ویں صدی کی مشہور کشمیری شاعرہ اور ملکہ حبہ خاتون کو 'کشمیر کی بلبل' (Nightingale of Kashmir) کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
60📚📚 Social ScienceMedieval Indian History
Match the following historical Mughal statements with the correct rulers:

P. This Mughal ruler started 'Jharokha Darshan' - Akbar
Q. This ruler was known as 'Zinda Pir' - Aurangzeb
R. Sir Thomas Roe visited the court of this ruler - Jahangir
S. Panditraj Jagannath was the court poet of this ruler - Shah Jahan
Explanation
Akbar started Jharokha Darshan (P-ii), Aurangzeb was known as Zinda Pir (Q-iii), Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir's court (R-i), and Panditraj Jagannath was court poet to Shah Jahan (S-iv). This matches option D.
جھروکا درشن اکبر (P-ii) نے شروع کیا، اورنگزیب کو زندہ پیر (Q-iii) کہا جاتا تھا، سر تھامس رو جہانگیر (R-i) کے دربار میں آئے، اور پنڈت راج شاہ جہاں (S-iv) کے درباری شاعر تھے۔ یہ آپشن D ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
61📚🌍 General AwarenessArt & Culture
The Tamil Ramayana (Kamba Ramayanam) was the work of which poet?
Explanation
The Tamil version of the Ramayana, known as Ramavataram or Kamba Ramayanam, was written by the Tamil poet Kamban in the 12th century.
تامل زبان میں لکھی گئی رامائن (کمبا رامائنم) 12ویں صدی کے تامل شاعر کمبن (Kamban) کی تصنیف ہے۔
2023JKSSBInformation Technology Department
62📚Building Materials & ConstructionWater Duty
"Duty on capacity" is also called
Explanation
In irrigation engineering, 'Duty on capacity' is defined as the duty of water at the head of a canal during full supply. It is also known as the Full Supply Coefficient.
آبپاشی انجینئرنگ میں، کینال کے ہیڈ پر فل سپلائی کے دوران پانی کے فرض کو 'ڈیوٹی آن کیپیسٹی' کہا جاتا ہے۔ اسے فل سپلائی کوایفیشینٹ (Full supply coefficient) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
63📚Building Materials & ConstructionStairs
The horizontal upper portion of step is known as
Explanation
The horizontal upper portion of a step upon which the foot is placed is called the Tread. The vertical front face of the step is the Riser, and the projecting edge of the tread is the Nosing.
سیڑھی کے قدم کا افقی اوپری حصہ جس پر پاؤں رکھا جاتا ہے اسے ٹریڈ (Tread) کہا جاتا ہے۔ سیڑھی کے عمودی چہرے کو رائزر (Riser) اور ٹریڈ کے باہر نکلے ہوئے حصے کو نوزنگ (Nosing) کہتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
64📚Building Materials & ConstructionSpecial Mortars
Which of the below is added to make mortar fire proof?
Explanation
Aluminous cement (also known as high-alumina cement) is added to mortar along with firebrick aggregates to make refractory or fireproof mortar that can withstand high temperatures.
مارٹر (Mortar) کو فائر پروف (شعلہ مزاحم) بنانے کے لیے اس میں ایلومینس سیمنٹ (Aluminous cement) شامل کیا جاتا ہے، جس کی بدولت یہ زیادہ درجہ حرارت برداشت کر سکتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
65📚Surveying & LevellingFoundations
The lowest part of the structure which transmit the load to the soil is known as
Explanation
The foundation (or substructure) is the lowest part of a building or structure that is in direct contact with the ground and transmits the loads to the underlying soil.
کسی بھی عمارت کا سب سے نچلا حصہ جو براہ راست مٹی کے ساتھ رابطے میں ہوتا ہے اور بوجھ کو زمین پر منتقل کرتا ہے، اسے فاؤنڈیشن (Foundation - بنیاد) کہتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
66📚Surveying & LevellingBridge Engineering
Bridge over a dry valley is known as
Explanation
A viaduct is a bridge structure composed of several small spans carrying a road or railway over a dry valley, gorge, or low-lying land, instead of a watercourse.
خشک وادی یا کھائی کے اوپر بنائے جانے والے طویل پل کو وایاڈکٹ (Viaduct) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ پانی کے اوپر نہیں بلکہ زمین کے نشیب و فراز پر بنتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
67📚Engineering Drawing & CADWindows & Openings
The vertical window provided on the pitched roof is known as
Explanation
A dormer window is a vertical window that projects from the slope of a pitched roof. It provides ventilation and lighting to the attic room.
ڈھلوانی چھت (Pitched roof) پر لگائی جانے والی عمودی کھڑکی کو ڈورمر کھڑکی (Dormer window) کہا جاتا ہے۔ یہ کمرے کو ہوا اور روشنی فراہم کرتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
68📚Engineering Drawing & CADGeneral Civil Engineering
Consider the following statements:
a. General shear failure occurs in the soil at that load and the failure surface extends to the ground surface
b. Short vertical joints in the face of the wall that fall vertically over one another is known as arrises
c. Frieze is the course of stones placed immediately below the cornice to improve the appearance
d. IS 875 Part-2 is used for taking the live load for different types of building
Which of the statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements a and d are correct. General shear failure surface extends to the ground. IS 875 Part 2 specifies imposed/live loads. Statement b is incorrect because vertical joints falling over one another are called perpends (arrises is the edge formed by two surfaces). Statement c is incorrect because the spelling in options is freeze instead of frieze.
بیانات a اور d درست ہیں۔ جنرل شیئر فیلیر میں سوراخ زمین کی سطح تک پہنچتا ہے اور IS 875 کا پارٹ 2 لائیو لوڈ کے لیے ہے۔ اس لیے آپشن D (d اور a) درست جواب ہے۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
69📚RCC & Structural MechanicsSurveying Principles
A straight line tangential to the level line at a point which is also perpendicular to the plumb line is known as
Explanation
A horizontal line at a point is defined as a straight line tangential to the level line at that point. It is also perpendicular to the vertical line (plumb line) at that point.
ایسی سیدھی لائن جو کسی نقطے پر لیول لائن (level line) پر مماس (tangential) ہو اور پلمب لائن (عمودی لائن) پر عمود ہو، اسے افقی لائن (Horizontal line) کہتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBJal Shakti / PW(R&B) Department
70📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActRoad Safety & Awareness
The areas on each side of the vehicle are not visible through the mirrors are known as
Explanation
A blind spot is an area around the vehicle that cannot be directly observed by the driver while at the controls, under existing circumstances, using only the mirrors.
بلائنڈ اسپاٹ گاڑی کے ارد گرد کا وہ حصہ ہوتا ہے جو ڈرائیور کو آئینے کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے براہ راست نظر نہیں آتا۔
2023JKSSBState Motor Garages Department
71📚📚 Social ScienceIndian Geography
The largest peninsular river in India is
Explanation
The Godavari is the largest peninsular river in India, with a length of about 1,465 km. It is also known as the 'Dakshin Ganga'.
دریائے گوداوری (Godavari) جزیرہ نما ہندوستان کا سب سے بڑا دریا ہے، جس کی لمبائی تقریباً 1,465 کلومیٹر ہے، اور اسے 'دکشن گنگا' بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
72📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Which one of the following is NOT an exotic fish?
Explanation
Horabagrus brachysoma (commonly known as the Sun catfish) is native to the rivers of the Western Ghats in India. The other three species are exotic (introduced) to India.
Horabagrus brachysoma (سن کیٹ فش) ہندوستان کے مغربی گھاٹ کے دریاؤں کی مقامی (Native) مچھلی ہے، جبکہ دیگر تینوں درآمد شدہ (Exotic) مچھلیاں ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
73📚🔭 ScienceAquaculture
Select the commonly used anaesthetic used for handling fish from the list
Explanation
Tricaine methanesulfonate (also known as MS-222) is the most widely used and FDA-approved chemical anaesthetic used for sedating and handling fish during sampling or transport.
مچھلیوں کو پکڑنے، ان کا معائنہ کرنے یا منتقلی کے دوران بے ہوش کرنے کے لیے عام طور پر استعمال ہونے والا کیمیکل ٹرائیکین میتھین سلفونیٹ (MS-222) ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
74📚🔭 ScienceFish Processing
Dun spoilage characterized by small, brown or black or coloured spots in salted fish is caused by
Explanation
Dun spoilage in salted dried fish is caused by the halophilic mold Sporendonema epizoum (also known as Wallemia sebi), which grows under low moisture/high salt conditions, forming brown or black spots.
نمک زدہ خشک مچھلیوں پر سیاہ اور بھورے رنگ کے دھبوں کی خرابی (Dun Spoilage) ایک ہیلو فیلک فنگس اسپورینڈونیما ایپی زوم (Sporendonema epizoum) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
75📚🔭 ScienceSport Fishing
Fishing with rod, line and hooks is called
Explanation
Fishing using a rod, line, and hooks (usually with bait or artificial lures) is known as angling.
راڈ (Rod)، دھاگے (Line) اور کانٹے (Hook) کی مدد سے مچھلی پکڑنے کی تکنیک کو اینگلنگ (Angling) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal/Sheep Husbandry and Fisheries Department
76📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KLakes & Water Bodies
Which lake in Kashmir is known as the 'Supreme gem of all Kashmir Lakes' and is the deepest lake in India?
Explanation
Manasbal Lake, located in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, is known as the supreme gem of all Kashmir lakes and is considered the deepest lake in India.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
77📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian Geography
Which river is known as the 'Tsangpo' in Tibet before entering India?
Explanation
The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet, where it is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo, before flowing into India through Arunachal Pradesh.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
78📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KRivers of J&K
The Kishanganga River is a major tributary of which river system?
Explanation
The Kishanganga River (known as the Neelum River in Pakistan-administered Kashmir) is a major tributary of the Jhelum River, joining it near Muzaffarabad.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
79📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KIndian National Movement
The Rowlatt Act, which authorized the government to imprison people without trial, was passed in which year?
Explanation
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in March 1919, leading to widespread protests and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
80📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KEconomy & Agriculture
Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' in India?
Explanation
M. S. Swaminathan is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in India for his leadership and role in introducing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
81📚General EnglishTourism in J&K
Which picturesque tourist destination in Jammu and Kashmir is known as the 'Meadow of Gold'?
Explanation
Sonamarg is known as the 'Meadow of Gold' due to the golden-yellow flowers that bloom in summer and the sunlit snow-capped peaks surrounding it.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
82📚General EnglishRivers of J&K
What is the ancient Vedic Sanskrit name of the Chenab River?
Explanation
The Chenab River was known as Asikni in Vedic Sanskrit literature. (Jhelum is Vitasta, Ravi is Parushni, and Beas is Vipasa).
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
83📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsComputer Hardware
Which of the following component is known as the 'brain' of the computer?
Explanation
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) acts as the brain of the computer, executing instructions and processing data.
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
84📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringPreliminary Treatment & Comminutors
The patented device which shreds the larger sewage solids to about 6 mm, when sewage is screened through them is known as
Explanation
Comminutors (or shredders/grinders) are patented mechanical cutting devices equipped with rotating cutter teeth that intercept and shred coarse wastewater solids down to sizes of approximately 6 mm (0.25 inch0.25\text{ inch}), enabling them to remain in suspension for downstream processing.
کومینیوٹرز (Comminutors) وہ آلات ہیں جو سیوریج کے بڑے ٹھوس ٹکڑوں کو باریک (تقریباً 6 ملی میٹر) پیس دیتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
85📚🏗️ Environmental EngineeringSludge Yield & Loading Parameters
The ratio of sludge mass (lbs or kg) to the volume of sewage treated (gal or m³) is known as:
Explanation
The ratio measuring sludge solids mass relative to sewage volumetric loading is described as the Sludge Loading Rate (SLR) or Solids Volumetric Yield.
سلج کے وزن کا سیوریج کے حجم کے ساتھ تناسب سلج لوڈنگ ریٹ (Sludge Loading Rate) کہلاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBForest, Ecology and Environment Department
86📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsMountain Peaks of the World
Which mountain peak has earned the nickname "Killer Mountain"?
Explanation
Nanga Parbat (8,126 m, 9th highest peak in the world, located in Gilgit-Baltistan/Himalayas) is notoriously known as the "Killer Mountain" due to its extreme climbing difficulty and historical high fatality rates.
نانگا پربت (Nanga Parbat) کو شدید چڑھائی اور تاریخی اموات کی شرح کی وجہ سے "قاتل پہاڑ" (Killer Mountain) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
87📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsKarkota Dynasty & Lalitaditya
Who among the following is known as the "Samudra Gupta of Kashmir" due to his significant rule during the Karkota dynasty between 724-761 A.D.?
Explanation
King Lalitaditya Muktapida of the Karkota dynasty is celebrated as the "Samudragupta of Kashmir" for his extensive military conquests across northern and central Asia and for constructing the magnificent Martand Sun Temple.
کرکوٹا خاندان کے راجہ للتا دتیہ مکتا پیڈ کو اپنی فتوحات کی وجہ سے "کشمیر کا سمدر گپت" کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
88📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsTourist Destinations of J&K
Yusmarg is a hill station in Jammu and Kashmir is known as
Explanation
Yusmarg (in Budgam district of J&K) translates to the "Meadow of Jesus" in Kashmiri folklore and local tradition.
یوسمرگ (ضلع بڈگام) کو کشمیری زبان میں "عیسیٰ کا مرغزار" (Meadow of Jesus) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
89📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsTemples & Shrines of J&K
Peer Kho Temple is a
Explanation
Peer Kho Cave Temple (located on the banks of the Tawi River in Jammu) is an ancient Hindu cave temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (also known as Jamwant Cave).
پیر کھو مندر جموں میں دریائے توی کے کنارے واقع بھگوان شیو کا ایک قدیم غار مندر ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
90📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable energy source?
Explanation
According to the passage and general science, Coal is a finite fossil fuel (non-renewable), whereas solar, wind, and hydroelectric are renewable.
کوئلہ (Coal) غیر قابل تجدید فوسل ایندھن ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
91📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
What is the primary goal of adopting sustainable energy?
Explanation
As stated in the passage: "One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels... which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution."
پائیدار توانائی کا بنیادی مقصد گرین ہاؤس گیسوں کے اخراج اور فضائی آلودگی کو کم کرنا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
92📚General EnglishComprehension Passage: Renewable Energy
Read the following passage carefully to answer the question:
"In an era marked by environmental concerns and the urgent need for action against climate change, sustainable energy has emerged as a beacon of hope. Sustainable energy, also known as renewable energy, refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal impact on our environment. The various energy sources are solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. The adoption of sustainable energy holds immense promise in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. One of its primary goals is to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. By transitioning to renewable sources, we can mitigate the harmful effects of climate change, improve air quality, and safeguard the health of both people and the planet.

Furthermore, it promotes security by diversifying the supply of energy and by reducing vulnerability to geopolitical conflicts and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices. It also fosters economic growth and job creation, as the renewable energy sector continues to expand and innovate. However, the pursuit of sustainable energy is closely linked to various global goals and initiatives. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasize the importance of ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Additionally, the Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial level. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. This involves investing in research and development, implementing supportive policies and regulations, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting public awareness and education."

Question:
How is sustainable energy linked to global initiatives?
Explanation
The passage explicitly connects sustainable energy to the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement temperature targets.
پائیدار توانائی اقوام متحدہ کے SDGs اور پیرس معاہدے سے منسلک ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
93📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsRivers and Tributaries of J&K
Kishanganga is an important tributary of which of the following rivers?
Explanation
The Kishanganga River (known as the Neelum River in Pakistan-administered Kashmir) is a major right-bank tributary of the Jhelum River, joining it near Muzaffarabad.
کشن گنگا (نیلم) دریائے جہلم کا ایک اہم معاون دریا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
94📚🌐 International AffairsInternational Groupings: I2U2
What is the name of the new QUAD that India is a part of, along with the US, UAE, and Israel?
Explanation
The group consisting of India, Israel, the UAE, and the US is officially known as I2U2 (representing 'I2' for India & Israel and 'U2' for the US & UAE).
ہندوستان، اسرائیل، متحدہ عرب امارات اور امریکہ کے اس نئے اتحاد کو I2U2 کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
95📚🎭 Indian Art & CultureFestivals of Northeast India
The Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which state?
Explanation
The Hornbill Festival (known as the 'Festival of Festivals') is celebrated annually from 1 to 10 December at Kisama Heritage Village in Nagaland.
ہارن بل فیسٹیول (Hornbill Festival) ہر سال ناگالینڈ میں منایا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
96📚💻 Computer KnowledgeTech Founders & Social Media
Who among the following is the co-founder of Twitter (now known as X)?
Explanation
Twitter (now X) was co-founded in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams.
ٹوئٹر (جو اب X کہلاتا ہے) کے شریک بانی جیک ڈورسی (Jack Dorsey) ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
97📚📜 Indian Polity & ConstitutionParliament of India
Upper House of the Indian Parliament is also known as ________?
Explanation
The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) is the permanent Upper House of the Indian Parliament, while the Lok Sabha is the Lower House.
ہندوستانی پارلیمنٹ کے ایوان بالا کو راجیہ سبھا (Rajya Sabha) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
98📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementNon-Profit Organization Accounting
The account which shows the classified summary of transactions of a cash book in a non-trading concern is known as
Explanation
In Non-Profit / Non-Trading Organisations, the Receipt and Payment Account is a classified summary of all cash and bank receipts and payments during an accounting period.
نان ٹریڈنگ اداروں میں کیش بک کے لین دین کا خلاصہ 'Receipt and Payment Account' کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
99📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementCash and Cash Equivalents
A current asset that can be transferred into cash within three months is known as:
Explanation
Cash Equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value (typically maturity ≤3\le 3 months).
وہ قلیل مدتی اثاثے جو 3 ماہ کے اندر نقد رقم میں تبدیل ہو سکتے ہیں، کیش ایکولینٹ (Cash equivalent) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
100📚📊 Accountancy & Financial ManagementBills of Exchange & Days of Grace
What are the three additional days known as that a drawer gives to the drawee for payment?
Explanation
Under Section 22 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, three extra days allowed to the drawee for payment beyond the nominal maturity date are legally called 'Days of Grace'.
بل آف ایکسچینج میں ادائیگی کے لیے دیے جانے والے 3 اضافی دن 'ڈیز آف گریس' (Days of grace) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
101📚🧩 Logical ReasoningBlood Relations
There are eleven members in the family P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z of three generations. There are 5 males and 6 females. P is the daughter of T and the granddaughter of S. U is the husband of V and the son of R. T and U are brothers. P is the cousin sister of Q and Z. There are three married couples in the family. X is the sister of Y. W has 3 Children and is the daughter-in-law of S. Then how T is related to Y?
Explanation
T is married to W, having 3 children (P, X, Y). Thus, T is the Father of Y.
شجرہ نسب کے مطابق T، Y کا والد (Father) ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
102📚💻 Computer KnowledgeStorage Media & Formatting
The processor of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors is known as
Explanation
Disk Formatting (low-level/high-level formatting) is the process of preparing a storage medium by organizing it into concentric tracks and sectors.
ڈسک کو ٹریکس اور سیکٹرز میں تقسیم کرنے کے عمل کو فارمیٹنگ (Formatting) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
103📚📊 Estimation & ValuationValuation Concepts: Book Value
Difference between cost of property and accumulated depreciation cost is known as
Explanation
Book Value is defined as the original capital acquisition cost of an asset minus the cumulative depreciation written off to date (Book Value=Original Cost−Total Depreciation\text{Book Value} = \text{Original Cost} - \text{Total Depreciation}).
جائیداد کی اصل لاگت میں سے مجموعی فرسودگی کو منہا کرنے کے بعد حاصل ہونے والی قیمت بک ویلیو (Book value) کہلاتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
104📚🌱 Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical EngineeringTriaxial Shear Tests
In a triaxial compression test when drainage is allowed during the first stage (i.e. application of cell pressure) only and not during the second stage (i.e. application of deviator stress at constant cell pressure), the test is known as
Explanation
A triaxial test where consolidation (drainage) is permitted under confining cell pressure in Stage 1 and drainage valves are closed during shear (deviator stress) in Stage 2 is called a Consolidated Undrained (CU) test.
اس ٹیسٹ کو کنسولیڈیٹڈ ان ڈرینڈ (CU - Consolidated Undrained) ٹیسٹ کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
105📚🌱 Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical EngineeringSensitivity & Thixotropy of Clays
The ratio of unconfined compressive strength of an undisturbed sample of soil to that of a remoulded sample, at the same water content is known as
Explanation
Sensitivity (StS_t) of a clay is defined as the ratio of unconfined compressive strength in its undisturbed natural state to that in its completely remoulded state at the same moisture content (St=qu(undisturbed)/qu(remoulded)S_t = q_u(\text{undisturbed}) / q_u(\text{remoulded})).
غیر پریشان شدہ اور دوبارہ ڈھالی گئی مٹی کی طاقت کے تناسب کو سینسیٹیویٹی (Sensitivity) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works Department (R&B) / Jal Shakti
106📚General EnglishIndian National Movement: Rowlatt Act
With which of the following is the comment 'no vakil, no appeal, no dalil' associated?
Explanation
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 (famously known as the Rowlatt Act / 'Black Act') allowed indefinite detention and arrest without trial, prompting the popular slogan 'No Dalil, No Vakil, No Appeal'.
'نہ وکیل، نہ اپیل، نہ دلیل' کا نعرہ رولٹ ایکٹ 1919 (The Rowlatt Act) کے کالے قانون کے خلاف دیا گیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
107📚General EnglishHorticulture in Jammu & Kashmir
Which district is known as 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir'?
Explanation
Shopian district in South Kashmir is famously known as the 'Apple Bowl of Jammu and Kashmir' because of its vast, high-density, superior-quality apple orchards.
جنوبی کشمیر کے ضلع شوپیاں (Shopian) کو جموں و کشمیر کا 'سیب کا پیالہ' (Apple Bowl of J&K) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
108📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KComprehension Passage
Read the passage given below:
"If you wish to be a writer, you must learn to develop your own point of view. All good writers make us see things in a different light. You may be writing about the same thing as your classmates, but your presentation must reflect your personality and individuality."

Question: The most important thing about being a writer is that-
Explanation
As explicitly emphasized in the first sentence of the passage: "If you wish to be a writer, you must learn to develop your own point of view."
پیراگراف کے مطابق مصنف بننے کے لیے سب سے اہم بات اپنا منفرد نقطہ نظر (own view point) پیدا کرنا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
109📚Computer Knowledge & ReasoningROM & BIOS Firmware
ROM contain some coding known as
Explanation
ROM (Read-Only Memory) contains the firmware coding known as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which performs the Power-On Self-Test (POST) and initiates booting.
ROM میں محفوظ پروگرامنگ کوڈنگ کو BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
110📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KSeasons of Kashmir
Summer season in Kashmir & Ladakh valley is known as
Explanation
In the traditional Kashmiri six-season calendar, Summer (mid-May to mid-July) is called 'Grishm' (or Greeshm). (Spring is Sonth, Rainy season is Wahrat, Autumn is Harud, Winter is Wandah, and Severe Cold is Shishur).
کشمیر میں موسم گرما کو روایتی طور پر 'گریشم' (Grishm) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
111📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KStorage Devices: Flash Memory
Flash drive is popularly known as
Explanation
A USB flash drive is colloquially and popularly known as a 'Pen drive' or thumb drive.
فلیش ڈرائیو کو عام طور پر پین ڈرائیو (Pen drive) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
112📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityRivers & Tributaries
Which river is also known as the "Sorrow of Bihar" due to its frequent flooding?
Explanation
The Kosi River (a major tributary of the Ganges) is famously known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its erratic course changes and destructive seasonal flooding.
کوسی ندی (گنگا کا معاون دریا) اپنے تباہ کن سیلابوں کی وجہ سے 'بہار کا دکھ' کہلاتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
113📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityClimate Extremes in India & Ladakh
‾\underline{\hspace{1.5cm}} is the coldest inhabited place in India.
Explanation
Drass, situated in the Kargil district of Ladakh at an altitude of 3,280 m3,280\text{ m}, is famously known as the 'Gateway to Ladakh' and is the coldest inhabited place in India (and second coldest permanently inhabited place in the world after Oymyakon, Siberia).
دراس (Drass - لداخ) ہندوستان کا سب سے سرد ترین آباد مقام ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
114📚Numerical & Reasoning AbilityMajor Towns & Horticulture in J&K
Which town in Jammu and Kashmir is also known as Apple Town?
Explanation
Sopore in Baramulla district is historically referred to as the 'Apple Town of Kashmir' and hosts Asia's second-largest fruit mandi (Shopian is known as the 'Apple Bowl').
سوپور (ضلع بارہمولہ) کو کشمیر کا 'ایپل ٹاؤن' (Apple Town) کہا جاتا ہے جہاں ایشیا کی دوسری بڑی فروٹ منڈی ہے۔
2024JKSSBGeneral Administration / Various Departments
115📚⚙️ Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Processes: Investment Casting
The pattern used in investment casting is:
Explanation
Investment casting (also known as the lost-wax casting process) utilizes patterns made of Wax (or expandable polystyrene) which melt and drain out when the ceramic shell mold is heated.
انویسٹمنٹ کاسٹنگ (Lost wax process) میں موم (Wax) کے پیٹرن استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBPublic Works / Mechanical Engineering Department
116📚General Awareness & ScienceFestivals of Jammu & Kashmir
In Kashmir valley 'Shivratri' is also known as
Explanation
Maha Shivratri is celebrated by Kashmiri Pandits as 'Herath' (derived from Sanskrit 'Hararatri' - Night of Hara/Shiva) with unique religious rituals and walnuts.
کشمیر کی وادی میں شیو راتری کو 'ہیرتھ' (Herath) کے نام سے منایا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBVarious Departments
117📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Flora: Trees & Plants
Which among the following is known as Flame of the forest?
Explanation
Palash (Butea monosperma, also known as Dhak or Bastard Teak) is famously called the 'Flame of the Forest' because its canopy becomes completely covered with brilliant scarlet-orange flowers in spring.
پلاش (Palash / ڈھاک) کے درخت کو اس کے سرخ پھولوں کی وجہ سے 'فلیم آف دی فاریسٹ' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBVarious Departments
118📚General Awareness & ScienceOzone Depletion & Refrigerants (CFCs)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also known as
Explanation
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, e.g. CFC-11, CFC-12) used historically as refrigerants and aerosol propellants are commercially known by the DuPont brand trademark Freon.
کلورو فلورو کاربنز (CFCs) کو تجارتی طور پر فریون (Freon) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2023JKSSBVarious Departments
119📚General Awareness & ScienceCapitals of Indian States
What is the capital of Meghalaya?
Explanation
Shillong (known as the 'Scotland of the East') is the capital city of the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya. (Kohima is Nagaland's capital, Imphal is Manipur's, Aizawl is Mizoram's).
ریاست میگھالیہ کا دارالحکومت شیلانگ (Shillong) ہے۔
2023JKSSBVarious Departments
120📚General Awareness & ScienceNicknames of Indian States
Which state is also known as the "Fruit Bowl" of India?
Explanation
Himachal Pradesh is widely celebrated as the 'Fruit Bowl of India' (and Apple State of India) due to its temperate climatic conditions producing abundant apples, peaches, plums, apricots, and pears.
ہماچل پردیش کو اپنے وسیع سیب اور پھلوں کے باغات کی وجہ سے 'فروٹ باؤل آف انڈیا' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
121📚General Awareness & ScienceProminent Kashmiri Poets & Titles
Who is known as John Keats of Kashmir?
Explanation
Rasul Mir of Dooru Shahabad (19th century romantic lyricist) is celebrated as the 'John Keats of Kashmir' for introducing romantic, sensuous, and melodious Ghazals into Kashmiri literature.
رسول میر شاہ آبادی کو ان کی رومانوی شاعری کی بدولت 'کشمیر کا جان کیٹس' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
122📚General Awareness & ScienceDogri Language & Literature
Who is known as "Father of Dogri"?
Explanation
Prof. Ram Nath Shastri is universally revered as the 'Father of Dogri' for his pioneering efforts in founding the Dogri Sanstha in 1944 and securing national recognition for the Dogri language.
پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری کو ڈوگری زبان کی ترویج و ترقی کی وجہ سے 'بابائے ڈوگری' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
123📚General Awareness & ScienceSaffron Cultivation & Agricultural Titles
Which of the following activities in Indian agriculture is known as "Golden Zest"?
Explanation
Saffron (Zafran) cultivation in Kashmir is poetically referred to as the 'Golden Zest' (or Golden Bowl / Golden Condiment) owing to its exquisite crimson-gold stigmas and extraordinary market value.
ہندوستانی زراعت میں زعفران کی کاشت (Saffron cultivation) کو 'گولڈن زیسٹ' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
124📚General Awareness & SciencePioneers of Indian Science
The father of Indian missile technology is
Explanation
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is widely known as the 'Missile Man of India' and Father of Indian Missile Technology for spearheading the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) yielding Agni and Prithvi missiles.
ڈاکٹر اے پی جے عبدالکلام کو ہندوستانی میزائل ٹیکنالوجی کا باپ اور میزائل مین آف انڈیا کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
125📚Basic EnglishParts of Speech: Non-Finite Verbs
Choose the correct part of speech for the bold text in: "Reshma is wealthy enough to spend \USD 300 on her skin-care routine."
Explanation
'To spend' is a non-finite verb form consisting of 'to + base verb', known as the Infinitive verb.
'To spend' انفینیٹو فعل (Infinitive verb) کی مثال ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
126📚General Awareness & ScienceTourist Destinations in J&K
In which district of Jammu and Kashmir, is the famous hill station Doodhpathri, also known as the Valley of Milk, located?
Explanation
Doodhpathri ('Valley of Milk'), a picturesque alpine meadow and hill resort nestled in the Pir Panjal range, is situated in the Budgam district of the Kashmir Valley.
مشہور صحت افزا مقام دودھ پتھری جموں و کشمیر کے ضلع بڈگام (Budgam) میں واقع ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
127📚Basic ReasoningWord Analogy: Personality Traits
Buoyant : Cheerful :: Cynic : ?
Explanation
A Buoyant person is Cheerful and optimistic; conversely, a Cynic has a Gloomy, distrustful, and skeptical outlook on human nature.
جس طرح 'Buoyant' کا مزاج 'Cheerful' ہوتا ہے، اسی طرح 'Cynic' کا مزاج 'Gloomy' (افسردہ و مایوس) ہوتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
128📚General Awareness & ScienceStress Management & Personality
What plays a major role in reaction to stress
Explanation
In psychological stress models, an individual's Personality traits (such as resilience, locus of control, and coping mechanisms) play the primary role in appraisal and physiological reaction to stressors.
دباؤ کے ردعمل میں فرد کی شخصیت (Personality) اور برداشت بنیادی کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
129📚General Awareness with special ref to UT of J&KDistricts of Jammu and Kashmir
Which of the following is a district in Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory?
Explanation
Reasi is one of the 20 administrative revenue districts in J&K UT (home to the Mata Vaishno Devi shrine and Chenab Rail Bridge). Kargil is in Ladakh UT; Gulmarg and Pahalgam are tehsils/tourist towns.
ریاسی (Reasi) جموں و کشمیر کا ایک باقاعدہ انتظامی ضلع ہے۔
2023JKSSBDepartment of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
130📚General EnglishChenab River Basin
Which river is known as the "Moon River"?
Explanation
The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra ('Moon') and Bhaga streams at Tandi in Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh; hence it is historically referred to as the Chandrabhaga or 'Moon River'.
دریائے چناب چندرا اور بھاگا ندیوں کے ملاپ سے بنتا ہے، اس لیے اسے چندرا بھاگا یعنی 'مون ریور' (Moon River) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
131📚General EnglishKashmiri Poets: Mahjoor and Habba Khatoon
Consider the following statements:
1. Mahjoor (Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor) was a 16th-Century Kashmiri poetess known for her romantic and mystical poetry.
2. Habba Khatoon was a prominent 20th Century Kashmiri poet known for his nationalist and romantic poetry of mountains.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?
Explanation
Both statements have identities and centuries swapped: Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor was a revolutionary 20th-century male poet ('Shair-e-Kashmir'), while Habba Khatoon ('Nightingale of Kashmir') was a 16th-century poetess and queen of Yousuf Shah Chak. Thus, Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct.
دونوں بیانات غلط ہیں کیونکہ مہجور 20ویں صدی کے قومی شاعر تھے اور حبہ خاتون 16ویں صدی کی ملکہ اور شاعرہ تھیں (Both 1 and 2 are NOT correct)۔
2024JKSSBRevenue Department
132📚Traffic Rules, Road Signs & MV ActVehicle Blind Spots
The areas on each side of the vehicle that are not visible through the mirrors are known as
Explanation
A 'Blind spot' is the zone around a vehicle that cannot be directly observed by the driver using the rearview mirror or side mirrors without turning their head.
گاڑی کے دائیں بائیں کے وہ حصے جو شیشوں میں نظر نہیں آتے 'بلائنڈ اسپاٹ' (Blind spot) کہلاتے ہیں۔
2023JKSSBTransport / Various Departments
133📚Safe Driving & Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Skidding Causes
Sudden application of brakes on a wet road and improper super elevation may cause
Explanation
Sudden heavy braking on low-friction wet surfaces when lateral forces exceed tyre traction creates severe directional loss of control known as Skidding.
گیلی سڑک پر اچانک بریک لگانے سے گاڑی اسکیڈ (Skidding) کر جاتی ہے۔
2023JKSSBTransport / Various Departments
134📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KKarewa Formations and Saffron
The lacustrine deposits of Kashmir called 'Karewas' are known for
Explanation
The Pleistocene lacustrine plateau deposits known as Karewas (Vudr in Kashmiri) in Pampore and surrounding plateaus are world-renowned for the cultivation of Zafran (Kashmir Saffron).
کشمیر کے کاریوا (Karewas) پلیٹوز زعفران کی کاشت (Saffron Cultivation) کے لیے مشہور ہیں۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
135📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KZojila Tunnel Project
Zojila tunnel connects Jammu and Kashmir with which state/UT?
Explanation
The 14.15 km all-weather Zojila Tunnel beneath the Zoji La Pass connects Baltal/Sonamarg in J&K UT with Dras and Kargil in Ladakh UT along NH-1.
زوجیلا سرنگ جموں و کشمیر کو یونین ٹیریٹری لداخ (Ladakh) سے جوڑتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
136📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KLocal Names of J&K Rivers
Which of the following river is also known as Vyeth in Kashmir?
Explanation
The Jhelum River is called 'Vyeth' in Kashmiri and 'Vitasta' in ancient Sanskrit literature.
دریائے جہلم کو کشمیری زبان میں 'ویتھ' (Vyeth) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
137📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KHari Parbat Fort (Koh-e-Maran)
________ is also known as Koh-e-Maran lies on the west of Dal Lake in Srinagar.
Explanation
Hari Parbat Fort (the historic citadel hill fortified by Mughal Emperor Akbar and Afghan Governor Atta Mohammad Khan) is also known as Koh-e-Maran.
ہری پربت قلعہ سری نگر میں واقع ہے جسے کوہ ماران (Koh-e-Maran) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
138📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with special ref to J&KPopular Tourist Destinations: Gulmarg
What is Gulmarg famously known as?
Explanation
Gulmarg (originally named Gauri Marg and renamed Gulmarg by Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak) is famously known as the 'Meadow of Flowers'.
گلمرگ کو 'پھولوں کی وادی' یعنی 'Meadow of Flowers' کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
139🔬General ScienceProminent Leaders and Organizations
Consider the following pairs and identify how many pairs are correct:
1. Subhash Chandra Bose — All India Forward Bloc
2. Chittaranjan Das — First President of Swaraj Party
3. MG Ranade — Father of renaissance of western India
4. Gopal Krishna Gokhale — Servants of India Society
Explanation
All four historical pairs are correct: Netaji founded Forward Bloc (1939); C.R. Das was first President of Swaraj Party (1923); Justice M.G. Ranade spearheaded the western Indian social renaissance; Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society (1905).
چاروں تاریخی شخصیات اور ان کے کارنامے بالکل درست میچ ہیں (All four)۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
140🔬General ScienceRavindra Kaushik ('The Black Tiger')
Who among the following is popularly known as 'The Black Tiger', an intelligence agent?
Explanation
Ravindra Kaushik, India's legendary undercover Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) spy who infiltrated deep into the Pakistan Army as a major, was conferred the title 'The Black Tiger' by PM Indira Gandhi.
را (R&AW) کے معروف انٹیلی جنس ایجنٹ رویندر کوشک کو 'دی بلیک ٹائیگر' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
141🔬General SciencePeninsular Rivers: Godavari
Which of the following rivers is known as 'Vridha Ganga' (Dakshin Ganga)?
Explanation
The Godavari River (1,465 km long, the longest river in peninsular India) is revered as 'Vridha Ganga' (Old Ganga) and 'Dakshin Ganga'.
دریائے گوداوری کو اس کی طوالت اور تقدس کی بنا پر 'وردھ گنگا' (Vridha Ganga) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
142🔬General ScienceHistory of Computing: Charles Babbage
Analytical Engine, the first fully automatic general-purpose calculating machine concept, was developed by
Explanation
English mathematician Charles Babbage (the 'Father of the Computer') designed the mechanical Analytical Engine in 1837, containing an arithmetic logic unit ('mill') and memory ('store').
اینالیٹیکل انجن چارلس بیبیج (Charles Babbage) نے 1837 میں ایجاد کیا تھا۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
143📚Computer ApplicationsGreenhouse Effect and Atmospheric Radiation
The phenomenon when terrestrial thermal radiation absorbed by atmospheric gases is re-radiated back towards the surface of the earth is known as the:
Explanation
The Greenhouse Effect occurs when greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4,H2O\text{CO}_2, \text{CH}_4, \text{H}_2\text{O}) absorb long-wave infrared terrestrial radiation and re-emit heat back to warm Earth's surface.
حرارت کے ماحول میں جذب ہو کر زمین کی طرف واپس لوٹنے کا عمل گرین ہاؤس اثر (Greenhouse effect) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
144📚Accountancy & Financial ManagementFictitious Word Substitution Coding
If 'Apple' is known as 'Mango', 'Mango' is known as 'Banana', 'Banana' is known as 'Papaya' and 'Papaya' is known as 'Litchi', then what would be the name of the Indian National Fruit?
Explanation
The National Fruit of India is the Mango. According to the substitution code, 'Mango' is called 'Banana'.
ہندوستان کا قومی پھل آم (Mango) ہے، اور کوڈ کے مطابق آم کو 'Banana' کہا گیا ہے۔
2024JKSSBFinance Department
145📚General Intelligence & ReasoningIodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD): Goitre
Which of the following diseases is caused by the dietary deficiency of iodine?
Explanation
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone (T3T_3 and T4T_4) synthesis. Deficiency causes compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as simple Goitre.
آیوڈین کی کمی سے تھائرائیڈ غدود بڑھ جاتا ہے جسے گلہڑ یا گوئٹر (Goitre) کہتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBSocial Welfare Department
146🔬General ScienceMajor Tourist Hubs: Gulmarg
Gulmarg in the Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir is famously known as the
Explanation
Gulmarg (literally meaning 'Meadow of Flowers' in Persian/Kashmiri) is famous for its vibrant wildflower meadows and world-class ski resort.
گلمرگ کو 'پھولوں کی وادی' (Meadow of Flowers) کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBSocial Welfare Department
147🔬General ScienceNationalist Poetry: Sare Jahan Se Achha
Who composed the immortal patriotic song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindostan Hamara'?
Explanation
The patriotic poem 'Tarana-e-Hindi' (popularly known as 'Sare Jahan Se Achha') was written in 1904 by renowned philosopher-poet Allama Mohammad Iqbal.
'سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہمارا' کے مصنف علامہ محمد اقبال (Mohammad Iqbal) ہیں۔
2024JKSSBSocial Welfare Department
148📚Computer (Characteristics & Applications)Concepts of E-Governance
The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the ability of government to address the needs of society and deliver citizen services is known as
Explanation
E-Governance (Electronic Governance) is the application of IT by government agencies to deliver public services, enhance transparency, and empower citizens.
شہریوں کو ڈیجیٹل خدمات فراہم کرنے کے عمل کو ای-گورننس (E-Governance) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBSocial Welfare Department
149📚General EnglishExtreme Geographic Points of India
Consider the following statements about 'Indira Point':
1. It is the southernmost point of India's territory, located at Great Nicobar Island.
2. The point was formerly known as Pygmalion Point and Parsons Point.
3. It was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1985.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are factually correct: Indira Point (6∘45′ N6^\circ 45'\text{ N}) on Great Nicobar Island was historically known as Pygmalion Point and officially renamed Indira Point in October 1985.
اندرا پوائنٹ کے بارے میں تینوں بیانات (1, 2, 3) بالکل درست ہیں۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
150📚General EnglishBrahmaputra River Basin & Origin
The mighty Brahmaputra river originates from which geographical source?
Explanation
The Brahmaputra (known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet) originates from the Chemayungdung / Angsi glacier in the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in southwestern Tibet.
دریائے برہم پتر تبت میں مانسروور جھیل کے قریب چیمایونگ دنگ گلیشیر سے نکلتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
151📚General EnglishPlanetary Winds: ITCZ
The low-pressure equatorial belt where the Northeast and Southeast trade winds converge is known as the
Explanation
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the broad equatorial trough of low pressure where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, associated with convective thunderstorms.
خط استوا کے قریب تجارتی ہواؤں کے ملاپ کا خطہ ITCZ (انٹر ٹراپیکل کنورجنز زون) کہلاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
152📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KBlood Relations Puzzle
In a family of 6 (A, B, C, D, E, F): A is father of D, C is married to A, F is grandfather of D and married to B. E is daughter of B. How is D related to E?
Explanation
F and B are parents of A and E. A is married to C, and their child is D. Because E is the sibling (sister) of A, D is the Niece or Nephew of E.
A اور E بھائی بہن ہیں، لہذا A کا بچہ D اپنی پھوپھی E کا بھتیجا یا بھتیجی (Niece/Nephew) ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
153📚Computer ApplicationsCoastal Plains of India
The eastern coastal plain stretching along Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra Pradesh is known as the
Explanation
The Coromandel Coast is the coastal region of the southeastern Indian peninsula between Kanyakumari and the Krishna River delta in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
تمل ناڈو اور آندھرا پردیش کے ساحلی پٹی کو کورومنڈل ساحل (Coromandel Coast) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
154📚Computer ApplicationsPowerPoint Templates
Pre-designed slide formats, colour palettes, and typography styles created to maintain presentation consistency are known as
Explanation
A PowerPoint Template (`.potx`) is a pre-designed pattern or blueprint of a slide containing layouts, theme colors, theme fonts, and background styles.
پاور پوائنٹ میں پہلے سے بنے ہوئے ڈیزائن اور تھیم کے نمونے کو ٹیمپلیٹ (Template) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBVarious Departments
155📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations
Rekha is the wife of Neeraj. Pranav is the son of Rekha. Arvind is the brother of Neeraj and father of Soham. How is Rekha related to Soham?
Explanation
Neeraj and Arvind are brothers. Rekha is Neeraj's wife, and Soham is Arvind's son. Rekha is the paternal Aunt (Chachi/Tai) of Soham.
ریکھا سوہم کے والد کی بھابھی یعنی سوہم کی چچی/تائی (Aunt) ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
156📚General Awareness & ScienceHabba Khatoon (Nightingale of Kashmir)
Which celebrated 16th-century poetess and queen of Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak is known as the 'Nightingale of Kashmir' (Zoon)?
Explanation
Habba Khatoon (born Zoon in Chandhara, Pampore) introduced the romantic 'Lol' lyric genre to Kashmiri poetry and is affectionately called the 'Nightingale of Kashmir'.
کشمیر کی بلبل (Nightingale of Kashmir) کے لقب سے حبہ خاتون (Habba Khatoon) مشہور ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
157📚General Awareness & ScienceFather of Dogri: Prof. Ram Nath Shastri
Who is widely revered and celebrated as the "Father of Modern Dogri Literature"?
Explanation
Padma Shri Prof. Ram Nath Shastri (1915–2009), co-founder of the Dogri Sanstha in 1944, is known as the 'Father of Modern Dogri' for his monumental contributions to the language.
پروفیسر رام ناتھ شاستری (Ram Nath Shastri) کو جدید ڈوگری ادب کا بابا آدم مانا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
158📚General Awareness & ScienceWestern Ghats / Sahyadri Range
What is the traditional indigenous name of the Western Ghats mountain range running parallel to India's west coast?
Explanation
The Western Ghats (a UNESCO World Heritage biodiversity hotspot) are traditionally and geographically known as the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.
مغربی گھاٹ کو سہیادری (Sahyadri Range) بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
159📚General Awareness & ScienceVitamin D Deficiency: Rickets
Deficiency of which vitamin causes bone softening and skeletal deformities known as Rickets in growing children?
Explanation
Vitamin D deficiency prevents adequate intestinal calcium absorption, leading to defective bone mineralization and Rickets.
وٹامن ڈی (Vitamin D) کی کمی سے بچوں میں ہڈیوں کی بیماری ریکٹس (Rickets) ہو جاتی ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
160📚General Awareness & ScienceNaming of Gulmarg by Yousuf Shah Chak
Gulmarg was originally named Gourimarg, and was renamed Gulmarg ('Meadow of Flowers') by which Kashmiri sultan?
Explanation
Sultan Yousuf Shah Chak (reigned 1579–1586), enchanted by the valley's wildflower blooms while visiting with Habba Khatoon, changed its name from Gourimarg to Gulmarg.
گوری مرگ کا نام بدل کر 'گلمرگ' سلطان یوسف شاہ چک (Yousuf Shah Chak) نے رکھا تھا۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
161📚General Awareness & ScienceKashmiri Ghazal: Rasul Mir
Who among the following celebrated classical poets is revered as the "Father of the Kashmiri Ghazal"?
Explanation
Rasul Mir of Shahabad, Dooru (19th century) revolutionized Kashmiri poetry with lyrical romantic ghazals and is widely known as the 'Father of Kashmiri Ghazal' (or the Keats of Kashmir).
کشمیری غزل کے بابا آدم رسول میر (Rasul Mir) مانے جاتے ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
162📚Basic ReasoningState Symbols: Hangul
Which animal is the official State / UT Animal of Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
The Kashmir Stag (Cervus hanglu hanglu), locally known as Hangul, is the critically endangered official State Animal of Jammu and Kashmir, conserved in Dachigam National Park.
جموں و کشمیر کا ریاستی جانور ہانگل یعنی کشمیر اسٹیگ (Kashmir Stag) ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
163📚Basic EnglishRishi Order: Sheikh Noor-ud-Din
Who was the renowned 14th-century mystic saint of Kashmir who founded the indigenous Rishi order (Reshiyat) and assumed the title of Rishi?
Explanation
Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani (Alamdar-e-Kashmir, also known as Nund Rishi, 1377–1438) founded the spiritual Rishi order promoting communal harmony, non-violence, and Kashmiri spiritual poetry (Shruks).
کشمیر کے پہلے صوفی بزرگ جنہوں نے ریشی تحریک کی بنیاد رکھی وہ شیخ نور الدین نورانی (نند ریشی) تھے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
164📚General Awareness & ScienceCity Nicknames: Jammu
Which city/district in Jammu and Kashmir is famously nicknamed the 'City of Temples'?
Explanation
Jammu city is historically celebrated as the 'City of Temples' due to its numerous historic shrines including Raghunath Temple, Ranbireshwar Temple, and Bawe Wali Mata.
جموں شہر کو 'مندروں کا شہر' (City of Temples) کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
165📚General Awareness & SciencePurmandal Temple: Chhota Kashi
Which historic temple complex situated on the banks of the sacred Devika river in Samba district is known as 'Chhota Kashi'?
Explanation
Purmandal Temple (dedicated to Lord Shiva along the holy underground Devika River) is revered as 'Chhota Kashi' in Jammu.
دریائے دیویکا کے کنارے واقع پورمنڈل مندر (Purmandal) کو 'چھوٹا کاشی' کہا جاتا ہے۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
166📚General Awareness & ScienceBRO Project HIMANK
Consider the following statements regarding 'Project HIMANK':
1. It is a landmark infrastructure project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
2. It is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and strategic mountain passes in the Ladakh region.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Both statements are correct: Project HIMANK (established in 1985 by BRO, known as 'The Mountain Tamers') builds and maintains strategic road networks, including passes at Khardung La and Umling La in Ladakh.
پروجیکٹ ہیمانک کے بارے میں دونوں بیانات (Both 1 and 2) بالکل درست ہیں۔
2024JKSSBAnimal / Sheep Husbandry Department
167📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with ref to J&KTourism & Major Lakes of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following highlights the economic significance of Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir?
Explanation
Dal Lake, known as the 'Jewel in the crown of Kashmir', is the backbone of Srinagar's tourism economy through its iconic shikaras, heritage houseboats, floating vegetable markets, and handicraft trade.
डल झील शिकारा की सवारी, हाउसबोट और पर्यटन के लिए विश्व प्रसिद्ध है, जो कश्मीर की स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था और आजीविका में प्रमुख योगदान देती है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
168📚General Knowledge & Current Affairs with ref to J&KBorder Roads Organisation & Projects in Ladakh
Consider the following statements about Project HIMANK:
I. It is a project of NHAI
II. It is responsible for the construction of roads in J&K and Ladakh

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I is incorrect: Project HIMANK (established in 1985) is a landmark project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), not NHAI. Statement II is correct: Project HIMANK is known as 'The Mountain Tamers' and is responsible for constructing world-record high-altitude roads (like Umling La and Khardung La) across Ladakh and J&K. Hence, II only is correct.
कथन I गलत है क्योंकि प्रोजेक्ट हिमांक (Project HIMANK) सीमा सड़क संगठन (BRO) का प्रोजेक्ट है, न कि NHAI का। कथन II सही है क्योंकि यह लद्दाख और जम्मू-कश्मीर में दुर्गम पर्वतीय सड़कों का निर्माण करता है। अतः केवल II सही है।
2025JKSSBGeneral Administration & State Departments
169📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations
In a family, there are six members: P, Q, R, S, T, and U. P and Q are a married couple, with P being the male member. R is the only son of S, who is the brother of P. T is the sister of R. Q is the daughter-in-law of U, whose husband is no more. How is T related to S?
Explanation
S is the father of only son R. Since T is the sister of R, T is the daughter of S.
S का पुत्र R है और T, R की बहन है। अतः T, S की पुत्री (Daughter) है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
170📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations
M is N's brother. O is N's mother. P is O's father. Q is P's mother. How is M related to P?
Explanation
M is the son of mother O. P is the father of O (maternal grandfather of M). Therefore, M is the Grandson of P.
M, O का पुत्र है। P, O के पिता हैं (M के नाना)। अतः M, P का नाती/पोता (Grandson) है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
171📚General Knowledge with special ref to J&KMajor Tunnels & Infrastructure in J&K
On what date was the Z-Morh tunnel inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
Explanation
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 6.5-km bi-directional Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, providing all-weather road connectivity to Sonamarg in Ganderbal district on the Srinagar-Leh highway.
प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 13 जनवरी 2025 को 6.5 किमी लंबी जेड-मोड़ सुरंग (Z-Morh Tunnel) का उद्घाटन किया, जिससे सोनमर्ग के लिए सभी मौसमों में कनेक्टिविटी सुनिश्चित हुई।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
172📚General Awareness & Current AffairsCell Biology & Organelles
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Explanation
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses of the cell' because they generate most of the chemical energy required for cellular processes in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) via cellular respiration.
माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया (Mitochondria) को 'कोशिका का पावरहाउस' कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह कोशिकीय श्वसन द्वारा एटीपी (ATP) के रूप में ऊर्जा उत्पन्न करता है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
173🔬General ScienceMountain Passes & Mughal Road
Which pass connects the Kashmir Valley with Rajouri and Poonch through the Pir Panjal Range?
Explanation
The historic Pir Panjal Pass (also known as Peer Ki Gali at 3,490 m) on the Mughal Road directly connects Shopian in the Kashmir Valley with Poonch and Rajouri districts in Jammu across the Pir Panjal Range.
पीर पंजाल दर्रा (Peer Ki Gali / मुगल रोड) पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला के माध्यम से कश्मीर घाटी (शोपियां) को राजौरी और पुंछ से जोड़ता है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
174🔬General ScienceRivers and Drainage System of J&K
What is the origin of the Tawi River?
Explanation
The Tawi River (the lifespring of Jammu City, also known as 'Surya Putri') originates from the high-altitude Kailash Kund Glacier / Kali Kundi spring located in the Kaplas mountain range near Bhaderwah in Doda district.
तवी नदी (सूर्यपुत्री) का उद्गम डोडा जिले के भद्रवाह में स्थित 'कैलाश कुंड ग्लेशियर' (Kailash Kund Glacier) से होता है।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
175🔬General ScienceMughal Architecture & Gardens of Kashmir
Which Mughal emperor constructed the famous Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar?
Explanation
The iconic Shalimar Bagh (Farah Baksh), known as the 'Crown of Srinagar', was laid out and constructed in 1619 by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his beloved queen Nur Jahan.
श्रीनगर के विश्व प्रसिद्ध शालीमार बाग (Shalimar Bagh) का निर्माण 1619 में मुगल सम्राट जहांगीर ने अपनी बेगम नूरजहां के लिए करवाया था।
2025JKSSBTransport & State Fleet Departments
176📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)Schizophrenia Symptomatology
Psychotic symptoms like hallucinations delusions, disorganized speech and grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviors in Schizophrenia are known as
Explanation
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia represent an excess or distortion of normal psychological functioning, including hallucinations and delusions.
मतिभ्रम और भ्रम जैसे लक्षणों को सिज़ोफ्रेनिया में 'धनात्मक लक्षण' (Positive symptoms) कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
177📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)Personality Disorders
Which of the following is not part of cluster A Personality disorder as per DSM 5 TR
Explanation
Dependent Personality Disorder belongs to Cluster C (anxious/fearful cluster), while Cluster A consists of Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal.
डिपेंडेंट पर्सनालिटी डिसऑर्डर क्लस्टर C में आता है, क्लस्टर A में नहीं।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
178📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)Personality Disorders
Match the Type of personality Disorder with its DSM-5 Criteria:

| Type of personality Disorder | DSM-5 Criteria |
| :--- | :--- |
| i. Schizoid | 2. Pervasive detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression |
| ii. Schizotypal | 3. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and Ideas of reference |
| iii. Antisocial | 4. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. |
| iv. Paranoid | 1. Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others |

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
Matching: Schizoid (detachment - 2), Schizotypal (odd beliefs - 3), Antisocial (impulsivity - 4), Paranoid (distrust - 1).
सही मिलान: i-2, ii-3, iii-4, iv-1।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
179📚Psychopathology & Diagnostic Classifications (DSM/ICD)MCMI-IV Scale Architecture
If MCMI IV scale categories are ordered as per number of scales in them in ascending order, then which is correct order?
1. Personality Pattern Scales
2. Clinical Syndrome Scales
3. Modifying Indices
4. Random Response Indicators
5. Grossman Facet Scales
Explanation
Scale counts: Random Response (2) -> Modifying Indices (3) -> Clinical Syndromes (7) -> Personality Patterns (12) -> Grossman Facet Scales (45). Ascending order: 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 5.
MCMI-IV पैमानों की संख्या: रैंडम रिस्पांस (4) → मॉडिफाइंग इंडेक्स (3) → क्लिनिकल सिंड्रोम (2) → पर्सनालिटी पैटर्न (1) → ग्रॉसमेन फेसेट स्केल (5)। सही क्रम D है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
180📚Psychological Testing & NeuropsychologyFive-Factor Model & Personality Pathology
Which of the Big-Five personality dimension is strongly associated with antisocial personality disorder?
Explanation
Antisocial Personality Disorder is most strongly and consistently characterized by extremely low Agreeableness (callousness, antagonism, hostility, lack of empathy, manipulativeness).
असामाजिक व्यक्तित्व विकार (Antisocial Personality Disorder) मुख्य रूप से अत्यंत निम्न सहमतिशीलता (Low Agreeableness) से जुड़ा होता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
181📚Psychological Testing & NeuropsychologyFive-Factor Model (Neuroticism & BPD)
The Five-Factor model personality dimension of neuroticism is associated with
Explanation
High Neuroticism (affective instability, emotional reactivity, intense anxiety, depression) is the core personality trait underlying Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
उच्च तंत्रिका-ताप (High Neuroticism / भावनात्मक अस्थिरता) मुख्य रूप से बॉर्डरलाइन पर्सनालिटी डिसऑर्डर (BPD) से संबंधित है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
182📚Psychological Testing & NeuropsychologyChild Psychological Assessment
Which of the following can be used with children?
Explanation
The Children's Apperception Test (CAT), developed by Leopold Bellak, is a projective personality assessment specifically designed for children aged 3 to 10 years using animal/human figures.
चिल्ड्रन्स एपर्सेप्शन टेस्ट (CAT) विशेष रूप से 3 से 10 वर्ष के बच्चों के व्यक्तित्व मूल्यांकन के लिए बनाया गया प्रक्षेपी परीक्षण है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
183📚Health Psychology & Research MethodologyEvidence-Based Practice (EBPP)
What is the trend toward specific, empirically supported treatment for specific problems known as?
Explanation
Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology (EBPP) is the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
विशिष्ट समस्याओं के लिए अनुभवजन्य रूप से समर्थित वैज्ञानिक उपचार विधियों के उपयोग को 'साक्ष्य-आधारित अभ्यास' (Evidence-based practice - EBP) कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBHealth & Medical Education Department
184📚Indian Classical Music: History & EvolutionSaaz-e-Kashmir History
"Saaz-e-Kashmir" was known by what name in ancient times?
Explanation
Saaz-e-Kashmir (a bowed string instrument essential to Sufiyana Qalam) was known as 'Saran' (or Kashmiri Sarangi) in ancient Sanskrit musicological treatises.
'साज़-ए-कश्मीर' (Saaz-e-Kashmir) को प्राचीन काल में 'सारन' (Saran) नाम से जाना जाता था।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
185📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsSufi Poetry & Shrukhs
Which of the following are the poetic messages of wisdom generally sung without music and dance:
Explanation
Shrukhs are mystical spiritual quatrains composed by Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali (Nund Rishi) in Kashmiri, recited as profound words of wisdom without musical accompaniment.
शेख नूरुद्दीन वली (नंद ऋषि) द्वारा रचित सूफी पद 'श्रुख' (Shrukh) आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान के छंद हैं जो बिना वाद्य और नृत्य के गाए जाते हैं।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
186📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsLal Ded & Kashmiri Literature
Which of the following is not a musical instrument?
Explanation
Waakh is a form of 4-line spiritual poetry created by the great 14th-century mystic poetess Lal Ded, whereas Santoor, Tumbaknaer, and Nout are musical instruments.
'वाख' (Waakh) लल्लेश्वरी (लाल देद) द्वारा रचित आध्यात्मिक काव्य विधा है, यह कोई वाद्य यंत्र नहीं है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
187📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsKashmiri Traditions & Rituals
What is the name of the tradition of "The Mundan Ceremony" in Kashmir?
Explanation
In Kashmiri culture (both among Pandits and Muslims), the first haircut / tonsure ceremony of a child is known as 'Zar Kaasun'.
कश्मीर में मुंडन संस्कार की पारंपरिक रस्म को 'ज़र कासुन' (Zar Kaasun) कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
188📚Taal Shastra & RhythmsKashmiri Literature & Habba Khatoon
The book named Habba Khatoon based on the legendary mystic poetess has been penned down by:
Explanation
The play/book 'Habba Khatoon' highlighting the life of the 16th-century peasant queen and Nightingale of Kashmir was written by Kajal Suri.
प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री हब्बा खातून पर आधारित पुस्तक 'काजल सूरी' (Kajal Suri) द्वारा लिखी गई है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
189📚Musical Instruments & Vocal TraditionsVadi, Samvadi & Anuvadi Swaras
Which note is known as Vadi note in raga?
Explanation
The Vadi Swar (the 'King note' of a raga) is the most prominent, frequently repeated, and emphasized melodic note defining the raga's mood.
राग में 'वादी स्वर' (Vadi Note) सबसे महत्वपूर्ण, प्रमुख और बार-बार उच्चारित होने वाला प्रधान स्वर (राजा स्वर) होता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
190📚Folk Music & Culture of Jammu & KashmirSam in Taal Cycle
What is the first beat of Taal cycle known as?
Explanation
The first beat (Matra 1) of any rhythmic cycle in Indian classical music is called 'Sam' (denoted by 'X').
ताल चक्र की पहली मात्रा को 'सम' (Sam) कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
191📚Folk Music & Culture of Jammu & KashmirAnsha Swar & Vadi Swar
Vadi Swar is also known as:
Explanation
In ancient Indian musicology treatises (like Bharata's Natyashastra), the primary dominant note (Vadi Swar) is also termed the 'Ansha Swar' (or Jiva Swar).
प्राचीन संगीत शास्त्र में वादी स्वर को 'अंश स्वर' (Ansha Swar / जीवा स्वर) भी कहा जाता है।
2025JKSSBDepartment of Culture
192📚Art History, Visual Movements & Perspective DrawingPioneers of Modern Art Movements
Who is considered the father of modern abstract art?
Explanation
Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944) is considered the father of modern abstract art, creating the first abstract watercolor in 1910.
वासिली कैंडिंस्की को आधुनिक अमूर्त कला का जनक माना जाता है।
2025JKSSB
193📚Head Study, Sculptural Design & AestheticsHead Study Principles
Which of the following statements about head study modelling are correct?

1. Head study modelling focuses on understanding the proportions and anatomy of the human face and skull.
2. It involves the use of a variety of materials, such as clay, for sculpting a detailed representation of the head.
3. Head study modelling is mainly concerned with abstract representations of the head without reference to realistic features.
4. The aim is to capture the emotional expression and personality of the subject through detailed modelling.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct for academic head study modeling.
कथन 1 और 2 सही हैं।
2025JKSSB
194📚Head Study, Sculptural Design & AestheticsModelling Techniques
Match the head study modelling techniques with their correct focus areas :

Techniques:
1. Proportional study
2. Detail modelling
3. Structural modelling.
4. Expression study

Focus areas:
i. Creating the overall shape and structure of the head.
ii. Accurately representing the facial features and their relationships.
iii. Focusing on the depth, shape, and dimension of the skull and face.
iv. Capturing the emotional expression or personality through the head's features.

Choose the correct options:
Explanation
1-iii (Proportions/dimensions), 2-ii (Detail/features), 3-i (Structural/overall shape), 4-iv (Expression).
1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv सही मिलान है।
2025JKSSB
195📚Relief & Round Sculpture, Portraiture & Metal CastingPortraiture Purpose
What is the primary purpose of a portrait?
Explanation
A portrait aims to capture the individual likeness, mood, status, and personality of a specific person.
पोर्ट्रेट (चित्र) का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य किसी व्यक्ति की समानता और उसके व्यक्तित्व को चित्रित करना है।
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196📚Relief & Round Sculpture, Portraiture & Metal CastingFacial Expression in Portraits
In portraiture, what is commonly emphasized to capture the subject's personality?
Explanation
Facial expressions, gaze, and eye rendering convey psychological depth and personality in portraiture.
पोर्ट्रेट में व्यक्ति के व्यक्तित्व और मनोभावों को दर्शाने के लिए चेहरे के भाव और आँखों पर जोर दिया जाता है।
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197📚Entomology, Microbiology & Plant PathologyEntomological Taxonomy
The scientific name of blood red ants is .......?
Explanation
Formica sanguinea is commonly known as the blood-red ant or slavemaker ant.
ब्लड रेड आंट (लाल चींटी) का वैज्ञानिक नाम फॉर्मिका सेंगुइनिया (Formica sanguinea) है।
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198📚Animal Behaviour, Ecology & Population DynamicsEcological Succession
Succession on sand known as :
Explanation
Ecological plant succession initiating on sand dunes is termed a psammosere.
रेत या बालू के टीलों पर होने वाले पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण को सैमोसेरे (Psammosere) कहा जाता है।
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199📚Animal Behaviour, Ecology & Population DynamicsImprinting & Learning
The behaviour of young ducks following their mother is known as
Explanation
Filial imprinting is a specialized phase-sensitive learning process where hatchlings rapidly bond to and follow the first moving object encountered.
बतख के बच्चों का अपनी माँ के पीछे चलना इम्प्रिंटिंग (Imprinting) का उदाहरण है।
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200🔬General ScienceEnvironmental Biotechnology
The use of micro-organism metabolism to remove pollutants such as oil spills in the water bodies is known as
Explanation
Bioremediation employs bacteria and microorganisms to degrade, neutralize, and clean up hazardous environmental pollutants like oil spills.
सूक्ष्मजीवों द्वारा तेल रिसाव और जल प्रदूषण को दूर करने की प्रक्रिया को बायोरेमेडिएशन (Bioremediation) कहते हैं।
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201🔬General ScienceCombustible Gases
Which of the following gas causes explosion in coal mines?
Explanation
Methane (CH4CH_4, known as firedamp) forms explosive mixtures when mixed with air in underground coal mines.
कोयला खदानों में विस्फोट का मुख्य कारण मीथेन (Methane / Firedamp) गैस होती है।
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202📚History of India & Freedom StruggleNationalist Leadership
Who led the extremists before the arrival of Gandhiji on the political scene for freedom struggle?
Explanation
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak ('Father of Indian Unrest') was the supreme leader of the Extremist nationalist movement prior to Gandhi's leadership.
गांधीजी के आगमन से पूर्व गरम दल के शीर्ष नेता लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक (Bal Gangadhar Tilak) थे।
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203📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTCultural Geography of J&K
Which district of the Jammu and Kashmir is known as land of Bowlis and land of Devika?
Explanation
Udhampur district is famously celebrated as the 'Land of Bowlis' (natural spring stepwells) and the 'Land of Devika' (holy Devika river).
उधमपुर (Udhampur) जिले को 'बावलियों की भूमि' और 'देविका की भूमि' के रूप में जाना जाता है।
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204📚Geography, Environment & GK of J&K UTTourism & Culture of J&K
_______, also known as "little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.
Explanation
Ladakh is historically and culturally referred to as 'Little Tibet' due to its Tibetan Buddhist traditions and high-altitude trans-Himalayan terrain.
लद्दाख (Ladakh) को 'छोटा तिब्बत' (Little Tibet) के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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205📚Child Psychology & Disability FrameworksSchools of Psychology
Sigmund Freud is widely considered to be the father of
Explanation
Sigmund Freud founded the school of Psychoanalysis, introducing the concepts of the unconscious mind, id/ego/superego, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.
सिगमंड फ्रायड को मनोविश्लेषण (Psychoanalysis) का जनक माना जाता है।
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206📚Assistive Tech & Special Education StrategiesPavlov Classical Conditioning
Who is considered the father of classical conditioning?
Explanation
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov discovered and systematized Classical Conditioning through his salivary reflex experiments with dogs.
इवान पावलोव (Ivan Pavlov) को शास्त्रीय अनुबंधन (Classical conditioning) का जनक माना जाता है।
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207📚Nutrition, Food Hygiene & Epidemic DiseasesProtein Malnutrition
The condition known as Kwashiorkor is primarily caused by a deficiency in:
Explanation
Kwashiorkor is severe acute malnutrition caused by an inadequate intake of protein despite adequate or marginal caloric carbohydrate consumption, presenting with pitting edema, fatty liver, and 'flaky paint' dermatosis.
क्वाशिओरकोर (Kwashiorkor) मुख्य रूप से आहार में प्रोटीन (Protein) की गंभीर कमी के कारण होता है।
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208📚Advanced Reaction Mechanisms & Organic SynthesesElectrophilic Aromatic Substitution Steps
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution reaction mechanism.
i. The electrophile attacks the aromatic ring and forms a sigma complex (also known as an arenium ion).
ii. The aromatic ring regains its aromaticity by the departure of the leaving group (proton loss).
iii. The electrophile is generated by the activation of the reagent, usually by a catalyst.
iv. The reaction proceeds through a two-step mechanism involving the formation of an intermediate cationic species.
Options :
Explanation
Stepwise sequence: (iii) Generation of active electrophile E+E^+ -> (i) Electrophilic attack forming carbocationic σ\sigma-complex (arenium ion) -> (ii) Base removes proton to restore aromaticity -> (iv) Overall two-step cationic intermediate process.
एरोमैटिक इलेक्ट्रॉनस्नेही प्रतिस्थापन का सही क्रम: इलेक्ट्रॉनस्नेही का निर्माण (iii) -> σ\sigma-संकुल/एरेनियम आयन का बनना (i) -> प्रोटॉन त्यागकर एरोमैटिकता की पुनः प्राप्ति (ii)। सही क्रम B (iii -> i -> ii -> iv) है।
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209📚Psychosocial Foundations of Disability & AdjustmentCerebral Palsy Types
In cerebral palsy abnormality of muscle tone resulting in muscle stiffness and exaggerated muscle contraction is known as
Explanation
Spastic cerebral palsy (affecting ≈80%\approx 80\% of cases) is characterized by velocity-dependent upper motor neuron hypertonia, muscular stiffness, hyperreflexia, and resistance to passive stretch.
सेरेब्रल पाल्सी में मांसपेशियों का कड़ापन और अत्यधिक संकुचन 'स्पास्टिसिटी' (Spasticity / स्पास्टिक सीपी) कहलाता है।
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210📚Experimental Designs, Psychological Assessment & PsychometricsRegression Metrics (R-squared)
R-squared (R2R^2) in regression analysis is also called as
Explanation
R2R^2 is formally known as the Coefficient of Determination, representing the proportion of total variance in the dependent variable explained by the regression model.
रिग्रेशन विश्लेषण में R2R^2 (R-स्क्वेर्ड) को 'निर्धारण गुणांक' (Coefficient of determination) कहा जाता है।
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211📚Experimental Designs, Psychological Assessment & PsychometricsPsychological Test Batteries
A group of aptitude tests, linked by a common format, scoring basis and standardization process is known as
Explanation
A Test Battery (e.g. General Aptitude Test Battery / Differential Aptitude Tests) is a standardized suite of co-normed subtests assessing diverse cognitive and psychomotor dimensions.
समान प्रारूप और मानकीकृत स्कोरिंग वाली परीक्षणों की संयुक्त श्रृंखला को 'टेस्ट बैटरी' (Test Battery) कहा जाता है।
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212📚Experimental Designs, Psychological Assessment & PsychometricsClinical Personality Assessment
Which of these personality measures, aids in the diagnosis of personality disorders?
Explanation
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-IV) is specifically designed and standardized to diagnose DSM-5 Axis II personality disorders and clinical syndromes.
व्यक्तित्व विकारों (Personality disorders) के नैदानिक निदान के लिए 'MCMI' (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory) का उपयोग किया जाता है।
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213📚Counselling Theories, Psychotherapies & Behavioural InterventionsCouples and Family Therapy Modalities
In couples therapy, sessions where both partners are invited to appear together is known as
Explanation
A conjoint session in marital/couples counseling is a clinical meeting where both partners are seen and treated together in the same therapeutic space by the therapist.
दंपति चिकित्सा (Couples therapy) में जब दोनों साथी एक साथ सत्र में उपस्थित होते हैं, तो उसे 'संयुक्त सत्र' (Conjoint session) कहा जाता है।
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214📚History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Origin of Tabla
Who was known as "The Master of Tabla"?
Explanation
Ustad Siddhar Khan Dhadi (18th century Delhi) is historically revered as the seminal founding father, architect, and 'Master of Tabla' who created the first systematic Tabla Baj.
तबले के जन्मदाता और आदि पुरुष के रूप में 'उस्ताद सिद्धार खां' (Ustad Siddhar Khan) को Master of Tabla माना जाता है।
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215📚History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Shruti System
How many Shruties are there in a Saptak?
Explanation
Ancient and modern Indian musicology divides one Saptak (octave) into exactly 22 microtonal intervals known as Shrutis (Chatushchatushchaiva Shadja-Madhyama-Panchamah...).
एक सप्तक में कुल 22 श्रुतियां (Twenty two Shruties) होती हैं।
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216📚History & Evolution of Percussion (Avanaddha & Pushkar Vadya)Delhi Kinar Ka Baaj
Which Tabla Gharana is known as "Kinar Ka Baaj"?
Explanation
Delhi Gharana, founded by Ustad Siddhar Khan, is famously known as 'Dilli Baaj' or 'Kinar Ka Baaj' for its delicate, fast two-finger strokes played on the rim (Kinar/Chati).
दिल्ली घराने को किनारे (चांटी) पर दो उंगलियों से कोमल वादन के कारण 'किनार का बाज' (Kinar Ka Baaj) कहा जाता है।
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217📚Tabla Gharanas, Tala Pranas & Layakari MathematicsFarrukhabad Founder
Who was the originator of Farrukhabad Gharana?
Explanation
Ustad Vilayat Ali Khan (famously known as Haji Vilayat Ali Khan, son-in-law of Ustad Bakshu Khan) founded the Farrukhabad Tabla Gharana.
फर्रुखाबाद घराने के प्रवर्तक उस्ताद विलायत अली खां 'हाजी साहब' (Vilayat Ali) थे।
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218📚Tabla Gharanas, Tala Pranas & Layakari MathematicsMaestros Lineage
Who was the father of Ustad Zakir Hussain?
Explanation
Ustad Zakir Hussain's father and legendary guru was the renowned Punjab Gharana maestro Ustad Alla Rakha Qureshi.
उस्ताद ज़ाकिर हुसैन के पिता और गुरु महान तबला सम्राट 'उस्ताद अल्ला रक्खा' (Ustad Allarakha) थे।
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219📚Tabla Gharanas, Tala Pranas & Layakari MathematicsGudai Maharaj Pseudonym
Which Tabla Artist is known as "Gudai Maharaj"?
Explanation
Pandit Samta Prasad of the Banaras Gharana is universally and affectionately celebrated throughout the music world by his title 'Gudai Maharaj'.
बनारस घराने के विख्यात तबला वादक पंडित समता प्रसाद को 'गुदई महाराज' (Gudai Maharaj) के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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220📚Classical Talas, Aesthetics (Rasa-Bhava) & StylisticsPt. Kishan Maharaj Biography
Who was the father of Pt. Kishan Maharaj?
Explanation
Pandit Kishan Maharaj was born in Kabir Chaura, Varanasi to Pandit Hari Prasad Mishra.
पंडित किशन महाराज के पिता का नाम 'पंडित हरि प्रसाद मिश्र' (Sh. Hari Prasad) था।
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221📚Carnatic Tala System, Acoustics of Tabla & MaestrosTabla Tuning Mechanics
Which portion of table can be struck for minute tuning?
Explanation
Tuning the Tabla to precise pitch is accomplished by tapping the woven leather rim collar braid known as the Gajra with a brass tuning hammer (Hathori).
तबले की सूक्ष्म ट्यूनिंग (स्वर मिलाने) के लिए हथौड़ी से 'गजरा' (Gajra) पर चोट की जाती है।
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222📚Biographies of Virtuosos, Tala Structures & AwardsGudai Maharaj Lineage
Who was the father of Gudai Maharaj?
Explanation
Pandit Samta Prasad (Gudai Maharaj) was born to Pandit Bhagwan Prasad Mishra (Bacha Maharaj), a respected maestro of Banaras.
गुदई महाराज (पंडित समता प्रसाद) के पिता 'पंडित भगवान प्रसाद' (Pt. Bhagwan Prasad) थे।
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223📚General Awareness, Geography & Current AffairsReligious Heritage of J&K
Utterbehni of J&K, a religious place situated on the bank of legendary Devika is located in
Explanation
Utterbehni (known as Uttarvahini where the sacred Devika river flows northwards) is a historic pilgrimage destination situated in Samba district, Jammu division.
पवित्र देविका नदी के तट पर स्थित धार्मिक स्थल उत्तरबेहनी (Utterbehni) 'सांभा' (Samba) जिले में स्थित है।
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224📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Renewable Energy
Non-conventional energy sources are also referred to as
Explanation
Non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass) are inexhaustible and commonly known as Renewable energy sources.
गैर-पारंपरिक ऊर्जा स्रोतों को 'नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोत' (Renewable energy sources) भी कहा जाता है।
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225📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyBlood Relations
If A is the father of B, and B is the brother of C, then how is A related to C?
Explanation
Since B and C are siblings, the father of B (A) is also the Father of C.
B और C भाई-बहन/भाई-भाई हैं, अतः B का पिता A, C का भी 'पिता' (Father) होगा।
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226📚Indian History, Polity, Reasoning & Industrial SafetyBlood Relations Puzzle
A woman is looking at a picture. A man asks, "Who are you looking at?" The woman replies, "Brothers and sisters, I have none. But the father of the person in the picture is my father's son." who is in the picture?
Explanation
The speaker has no siblings, so 'my father's son' is herself (or in this phrasing, her son / herself). 'The father/parent of person in picture is myself'   ⟹  \implies The person in picture is Her son.
महिला के कोई भाई-बहन नहीं हैं, अतः 'मेरे पिता का बेटा' वह स्वयं (या उसका पति/पुत्र) है। तस्वीर में 'उसका बेटा' (Her son) है।
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227📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KChemical Compounds
Which gas is commonly known as "Laughing Gas"?
Explanation
Nitrous oxide (N2ON_2O) is known as laughing gas for its euphoric and mild anesthetic inhalation effects.
'हंसाने वाली गैस' (Laughing Gas) का रासायनिक नाम नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड (Nitrous Oxide / N2ON_2O) है।
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228📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KSoils of J&K
Which soil type is known for having high water holding capacity and is found in regions like Gulmarg and Pahalgam?
Explanation
Mountain Meadow Soils (high-altitude alpine meadow soils) rich in organic humus with exceptional moisture-retentive capacity occur in lush valley meadows like Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam.
गुलमर्ग और पहलगाम जैसे उच्च पर्वतीय घास के मैदानों में उच्च जल धारण क्षमता वाली 'पर्वतीय चरागाह मिट्टी' (Mountain Meadow Soil) पाई जाती है।
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229📚General Science, Public Hygiene & Special Reference to J&KMedieval Kashmir History
Which ruler of Kashmir is known as the "Akbar of Kashmir" for his progressive reforms?
Explanation
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin (popularly revered as Badshah, 1420–1470 CE) is celebrated as the 'Akbar of Kashmir' for his religious tolerance, infrastructure building, canal irrigation, and patronizing arts and crafts.
अपनी धार्मिक सहिष्णुता और लोककल्याणकारी सुधारों के कारण सुल्तान 'ज़ैन-उल-आबिदीन' (Zain-ul-Abidin / बड़शाह) को 'कश्मीर का अकबर' कहा जाता है।
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230📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationBlood Relations Statements
Consider the following statement
Statement 1 : A girl introduced a boy as the son of the daughter of the father of her uncle. The boy is girl's brother.
Statement 2 : A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A's sister is mother of C. Then C to A is grandmother
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Statement 1: 'Father of her uncle' is her grandfather. 'Daughter of grandfather' is her mother. 'Son of mother' is her brother (Correct). Statement 2: A is the maternal uncle of C (C is niece, not grandmother). Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है (लड़का उसका भाई है) और कथन 2 गलत है (C, A की भांजी है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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231📚General Mental Ability, Reasoning & Data InterpretationDirect Deductive Logic
The question is given certain statements followed by some conclusions. Choose the conclusion which follow from the given statements.
Statement 1 : Shyam is not the father of Hari
Statement 2 : Hari is the son of Suresh
Statement 3 : Suresh has three sons
Conclusion are :
Explanation
Statement 2 directly asserts that 'Hari is the son of Suresh', which logically implies the valid conclusion: 'Suresh is the father of Hari'.
कथन 2 से सीधे निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि सुरेश हरि का पिता है (Suresh is the father of Hari)।
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232📚Pharmaceutics, Dosage Forms & BiopharmaceuticsTablet Manufacturing Defects
Unequal distribution of color in tablet is known as:
Explanation
Mottling is a tablet defect characterized by an unequal, non-uniform distribution of color on the surface of a colored tablet due to dye migration.
गोली (Tablet) की सतह पर रंग के असमान वितरण को 'मॉटलिंग' (Mottling) कहा जाता है।
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233📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessHerbal Synonyms
Deadly Nightshade is the synonym of:
Explanation
Atropa belladonna (family Solanaceae), rich in tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and atropine, is universally known as Deadly Nightshade.
डेडली नाइटशेड (Deadly Nightshade) 'बेलाडोना' (Atropa belladonna) का पर्यायवाची नाम है।
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234📚General Science (Physics, Chemistry & Biology)Solar System Planets
Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
Explanation
Mars is called the 'Red Planet' due to the widespread presence of ferric iron oxide (rust) on its surface terrain.
आयरन ऑक्साइड की प्रचुरता के कारण 'मंगल ग्रह' (Mars) को 'लाल ग्रह' (Red Planet) कहा जाता है।
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235📚Indian National Movement & Modern HistorySocio-Religious Reformers
Who is known as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance"?
Explanation
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, founder of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 and champion of social reforms including the abolition of Sati, is honored as the Father of the Indian Renaissance.
'भारतीय पुनर्जागरण के जनक' (Father of the Indian Renaissance) राजा राम मोहन राय (Raja Ram Mohan Roy) हैं।
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236📚Environment, Demographics (Census 2011) & J&K GeographyWildlife Sanctuaries of Kashmir
Which wildlife sanctuary is located near Pahalgam in Kashmir Valley?
Explanation
The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (covering 511 km2511\text{ km}^2) is situated in the scenic catchment area around Pahalgam in Anantnag district.
पहलगाम (कश्मीर घाटी) के निकट स्थित वन्यजीव अभयारण्य 'ओवेरा-अरू वन्यजीव अभयारण्य' (Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary) है।
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237📚Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementOlympic Movement History
Who is considered the father of modern Olympic Games?
Explanation
Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France is universally recognized as the Father of the Modern Olympic Games for establishing the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
फ्रांस के 'पियरे डी कूपर्टिन' (Pierre de Coubertin) को आधुनिक ओलंपिक खेलों का जनक माना जाता है।
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238📚Foundations of Physical Education & Olympic MovementIndian Sports Legends
Who among the following is known as the "Flying Sikh" of India?
Explanation
Legendary Indian track and field sprinter Milkha Singh was conferred the honorary title 'The Flying Sikh' by General Ayub Khan of Pakistan in 1960.
भारत के महान धावक 'मिल्खा सिंह' (Milkha Singh) को 'फ्लाइंग सिख' (Flying Sikh) के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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239📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityNeurobiology of Sleep
Which peptide has been framed to cause narcolepsy.
Explanation
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by the autoimmune destruction of lateral hypothalamic neurons producing the neuropeptide Orexin (also known as Hypocretin).
नार्कोलेप्सी (Narcolepsy) का मुख्य कारण मस्तिष्क में 'ऑरेक्सिन' (Orexin / हाइपोक्रेटिन) न्यूरोपेप्टाइड की कमी है।
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240📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityBiological Catalysts
Below are two statements. Select your answer using the codes below.
Statement 1: Enzymes are known as catalysts
Statement 2: Enzymes cause a chemical reaction to take place while becoming a part of the final product themselves
Explanation
Statement 1 is true (enzymes are biological protein catalysts that accelerate reaction rates). Statement 2 is false (catalysts remain chemically unchanged and do not become part of the final reaction products).
कथन 1 सत्य है (एंजाइम उत्प्रेरक हैं), लेकिन कथन 2 असत्य है (एंजाइम अंतिम उत्पाद का हिस्सा नहीं बनते)। सही विकल्प C है।
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241📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityBehavioral Genetics
When people with certain genetic traits choose environments that support those traits, it is known as ______
Explanation
Active Genotype-Environment Correlation (also known as niche-picking) occurs when individuals actively seek out or select environments and experiences that match their genetically influenced abilities and inclinations.
जब व्यक्ति अपने आनुवंशिक लक्षणों के अनुकूल वातावरण का चयन स्वयं करता है, तो इसे 'सक्रिय जीनोटाइप-पर्यावरण सहसंबंध' (Active genotype-environment correlation / Niche picking) कहा जाता है।
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242📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityCloninger's TCI Inventory
Which of the following is true for Temperament and Character Inventory?
I. It is based on a humanistic model of personality
II. It operates on three temperaments and four characters.
III. It is theorized on Cloninger's theory
IV. Each temperament/ character has differing number of subscales.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is based on Cloninger's psychobiological model (Statement III is true) and measures 4 temperaments (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence) and 3 characters (Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence), with each scale having differing subscales (Statement IV is true). Statements I & II are false. Correct: III and IV only.
TCI क्लोनिंगर के साइकोबायोलॉजिकल मॉडल पर आधारित है (कथन III) और इसके प्रत्येक आयाम के अलग-अलग उप-पैमाने हैं (कथन IV)। सही विकल्प D है।
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243📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityTrait Identification Paradigms
Which of the following are approaches to identifying traits?
I. Lexical
II. Statistical
III. Theoretical
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In trait personality psychology, the three fundamental approaches to identifying primary traits are: (1) The Lexical approach, (2) The Statistical approach (factor analysis), and (3) The Theoretical approach. All three are valid.
व्यक्तित्व लक्षणों की पहचान के तीनों प्रमुख दृष्टिकोण हैं: लेक्सिकल (भाषाई), सांख्यिकीय (कारक विश्लेषण), और सैद्धांतिक। सही विकल्प D है।
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244📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityHEXACO Facets Matching
Match the following:
Personality Trait:
1. Sincerity
2. Order
3. Sentimentality
4. Straight-forwardness

Personality factor:
i. Conscientiousness
ii. Agreeableness
iii. Emotionality
iv. Honesty-Humility

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In the HEXACO model of personality: 1. Sincerity -> iv (Honesty-Humility), 2. Order -> i (Conscientiousness), 3. Sentimentality -> iii (Emotionality), 4. Straightforwardness -> ii (Agreeableness / Honesty facet). Correct match: 1-iv; 2-i; 3-iii; 4-ii.
1-iv (ईमानदारी), 2-i (कर्तव्यनिष्ठा), 3-iii (भावुकता), 4-ii (सहमतिशीलता)। सही विकल्प A है।
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245📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityHEXACO Personality Dimensions
Which of the following personality are traits covered under the HEXACO model of personality?
1. Modesty;
2. Order;
3. Perfectionism;
4. Openness to Values
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
In the HEXACO model (Ashton & Lee), Modesty is a primary facet of Honesty-Humility (H), and Perfectionism (and Prudence/Organization) is a primary facet of Conscientiousness (C).
HEXACO मॉडल में 'Modesty' (विनम्रता) और 'Perfectionism' (उत्कृष्टता) प्रमुख उप-लक्षण हैं। सही विकल्प B है।
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246📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsRank Correlation
A Pearson's correlation coefficient computed on rank-ordered variables is known as
Explanation
Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient (Spearman's rho, rsr_s) is mathematically equivalent to Pearson's product-moment correlation calculated directly on the ranked scores of variables.
रैंक-क्रमित (Rank-ordered) चरों पर गणना किया गया पियर्सन सहसंबंध गुणांक 'स्पीयरमैन का रो' (Spearman's rho) कहलाता है।
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247📚Cognitive Psychology, Biological Foundations & PersonalityHistory of Psychology
Who is considered the "father of psychology"?
Explanation
Wilhelm Wundt is universally recognized as the Father of Experimental Psychology for founding the first formal psychological research laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
वर्ष 1879 में पहली मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रयोगशाला स्थापित करने वाले 'विल्हेम वुंड्ट' (Wilhelm Wundt) को मनोविज्ञान का जनक माना जाता है।
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248📚Clinical Psychopathology, Diagnostics & Social PsychologyAttribution Biases
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Explanation
The Fundamental Attribution Error (Ross, 1977) is the pervasive cognitive bias to overemphasize internal dispositional/personality traits and underestimate external situational influences when explaining others' actions.
दूसरों के व्यवहार की व्याख्या करते समय उनके आंतरिक व्यक्तित्व को अधिक और बाहरी परिस्थितियों को कम आंकने की प्रवृत्ति 'मौलिक गुणारोपण त्रुटि' (Fundamental attribution error) कहलाती है।
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249📚Clinical Psychopathology, Diagnostics & Social PsychologyDSM-IV Multiaxial System
The multiaxial system in DSM IV-TR had how many axes?
Explanation
DSM-IV-TR utilized a 5-axis multiaxial assessment system: Axis I (Clinical syndromes), Axis II (Personality disorders/MR), Axis III (Medical conditions), Axis IV (Psychosocial stressors), and Axis V (GAF score).
DSM-IV-TR के बहुअक्षीय (Multiaxial) वर्गीकरण में कुल 5 अक्ष (Five axes) थे।
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250📚Clinical Psychopathology, Diagnostics & Social PsychologyCluster B Personality Disorders
Which personality disorder is characterized by lack of empathy and disregard for others well-being.
Explanation
Antisocial Personality Disorder (Cluster B) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and profound lack of empathy or remorse.
दूसरों के अधिकारों की अवहेलना और सहानुभूति की कमी 'असामाजिक व्यक्तित्व विकार' (Antisocial personality disorder) का मुख्य लक्षण है।
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251📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsMMPI Validity
MMPI uses which kind of validity?
Explanation
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI / MMPI-2) was constructed using the empirical criterion keying method, establishing high Criterion-Related Validity by differentiating clinical from non-clinical groups.
MMPI परीक्षण का निर्माण अनुभवजन्य मानदंड विधि द्वारा 'मानदंड वैधता' (Criterion validity) पर आधारित है।
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252📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsMaximal vs Typical Performance Tests
Out of the following variables, which psychometric measurement is determined by right and wrong answers?
I. Personality
II. Attitude
III. Motivation
IV. Aptitude
V. Intelligence
VI. Abstract reasoning
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Maximal performance cognitive tests scored with objectively correct (right/wrong) answers include Aptitude (IV), Intelligence (V), and Abstract Reasoning (VI), whereas personality, attitude, and motivation are typical performance self-reports without right/wrong keys.
सही और गलत उत्तरों (Right/wrong answers) पर आधारित परीक्षण एप्टीट्यूड (IV), बुद्धिमत्ता (V), और अमूर्त तर्क (VI) हैं। सही विकल्प D है।
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253📚Health, Industrial-Organizational & Psychotherapy ModelsDialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Which of the following statements about Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) are true?
I. DBT was initially developed to treat Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
II. DBT combines principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with mindfulness practices.
III. DBT completely rejects the use of behavioral techniques in therapy.
IV. Skills training in DBT includes modules on emotional regulation and interpersonal effectiveness.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Marsha Linehan developed DBT for BPD (I), integrating CBT with Zen mindfulness (II) and teaching 4 core skills: mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness (IV). Statement III is false. Correct: I, II and IV only.
कथन I, II और IV सही हैं (कथन III असत्य है क्योंकि DBT व्यवहार तकनीकों का सक्रिय उपयोग करता है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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254📚Health, Industrial-Organizational & Psychotherapy ModelsMCMI Clinical Assessment
Which of the following about MCMI is true?
I. It is based on Millon's Evolutionary-Neurodevelopmental theory
II. It is based on DSM's earlier multiaxial system
III. MCMI IV added the turbulent personality disorder
IV. MCMI III has 175 items rated as "True", "Maybe", "False"
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is grounded in Theodore Millon's evolutionary theory (I), coordinated with DSM multiaxial classification (II), and MCMI-IV introduced the Turbulent personality pattern (III). Statement IV is false because MCMI items use a dichotomous 'True/False' format. Correct: I, II and III only.
MCMI के बारे में कथन I, II और III सत्य हैं (कथन IV असत्य है क्योंकि इसमें केवल True/False विकल्प होते हैं)। सही विकल्प D है।
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255📚Research Methodology, Psychometrics & StatisticsPsychological Assessment Instruments
Match the following:
Test/ Scale:
I. WMS
II. IPDE
III. DAT
IV. BDI

Type of Assessment:
1. Aptitude
2. Semi-structure interview
3. Self-report
4. Neurocognitive

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
I -> 4 (Wechsler Memory Scale / WMS: Neurocognitive memory assessment), II -> 2 (International Personality Disorder Examination / IPDE: Semi-structured clinical interview), III -> 1 (Differential Aptitude Test / DAT: Aptitude), IV -> 3 (Beck Depression Inventory / BDI: Self-report inventory). Correct match: I-4; II-2; III-1; IV-3.
I-4 (WMS - न्यूरोकोग्निशन), II-2 (IPDE - अर्ध-संरचित साक्षात्कार), III-1 (DAT - एप्टीट्यूड), IV-3 (BDI - आत्म-रिपोर्ट)। सही विकल्प A है।
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256📚Clinical Psychopathology, Diagnostics & Social PsychologyClinical Diagnostic Tools Matching
Match the following:
Test/ Scale:
I. DSM-5
II. ICD-11
III. SCID
IV. PCL-R

Type of Assessment:
1. Used to diagnose psychopathy and assess personality traits
2. Clinical interview for mental health disorders based on the DSM system.
3. International classification system for diseases and mental health conditions.
4. Standardized manual for diagnosing mental health disorders in the united States.

Choose the correct option:
Explanation
I -> 4 (DSM-5: APA standardized US manual), II -> 3 (ICD-11: WHO international classification), III -> 2 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM / SCID: DSM-based clinical interview), IV -> 1 (Psychopathy Checklist-Revised / PCL-R: diagnostic tool for psychopathy). Correct match: I-4; II-3; III-2; IV-1.
I-4 (DSM-5), II-3 (ICD-11), III-2 (SCID), IV-1 (PCL-R)। सही विकल्प B है।
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257📚Developmental Psychology, Child Counseling & RehabilitationGestalt Therapy Principles
Which of the following is a key principle of gestalt therapy?
Explanation
Fritz Perls' Gestalt Therapy emphasizes present-moment awareness ('here and now') and holistic integration of fragmented, disowned parts of the self into a unified personality.
गेस्टाल्ट थेरेपी का मुख्य सिद्धांत ग्राहक को वर्तमान के प्रति जागरूक बनाना और 'व्यक्तित्व के विभिन्न हिस्सों को एकीकृत' (Integrate different parts of personality) करना है।
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258📚Cyber Security, IT Act 2000, Cryptography & IPRComputer Viruses
Which type of virus attaches with .EXE files and the resulting infected .EXE file attacks other .EXE files and infects them?
Explanation
A Parasitic Virus (also known as a file infector virus) attaches itself to executable program files (`.exe`, `.com`) and replicates by infecting other executables upon execution.
पैरासिटिक वायरस (Parasitic / File virus) .EXE फाइलों से जुड़ता है और निष्पादित होने पर अन्य .EXE फाइलों को संक्रमित करता है।
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259📚Operating Systems (Linux, Windows), System Software & Hardware ArchitectureComputer Printers
Consider the following statements regarding non-impact printers:
I. An image is placed by striking a ribbon on the page
II. These printers are also known as page printers
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statement I describes impact printers (dot matrix). Statement II is correct: non-impact printers (laser printers) print an entire page at once without physical striking and are known as Page Printers. Correct: II only.
कथन I इम्पैक्ट प्रिंटर का वर्णन करता है। कथन II सही है (नॉन-इम्पैक्ट लेजर प्रिंटर को पेज प्रिंटर भी कहा जाता है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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260📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessSenna Phytochemistry
Chief constituent present in senna is
Explanation
The primary active laxative principles in Senna leaves and pods are dianthrone anthraquinone glycosides known as Sennosides (Sennosides A, B, C, and D).
सेना (Senna) का मुख्य सक्रिय घटक 'सेनोसाइड्स' (Sennosides A & B) है।
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261📚Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & General AwarenessOlympic Awards
The "Pierre de Coubertin Medal" is awarded for the excellence in which field?
Explanation
The Pierre de Coubertin Medal (also known as the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is awarded by the International Olympic Committee to athletes who demonstrate exceptional sportsmanship in Sports.
'पियरे डी कूपर्टिन पदक' अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ओलंपिक समिति द्वारा 'खेल' (Sports / खेल भावना) के क्षेत्र में उत्कृष्टता के लिए प्रदान किया जाता है।
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262📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsMaster Photographers
Arnold Newman (1918-2006) was an American photographer known for his pioneering work in:
Explanation
Arnold Newman is universally acclaimed as the 'Father of Environmental Portraiture', capturing prominent subjects in their natural working and living surroundings (e.g. Igor Stravinsky at his piano).
अर्नोल्ड न्यूमैन को 'पर्यावरणीय पोर्ट्रेट फोटोग्राफी' (Environmental portraiture) के अग्रणी जनक के रूप में जाना जाता है।
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263📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsTilt-Shift Lenses
A shift lens is also known as a:
Explanation
A Shift Lens (part of Tilt-Shift optics) allows the optical elements to be translated parallel to the sensor plane, functioning as a Perspective Correction (PC) lens to eliminate converging vertical lines in architectural photography.
शिफ्ट लेंस को 'पर्सपेक्टिव करेक्शन लेंस' (Perspective correction lens / परिप्रेक्ष्य सुधार लेंस) भी कहा जाता है।
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264📚Cinematography Fundamentals, History of Photography & OpticsHeliography Process
A process developed by French physicist Joseph Niepce in 1816 that produced a positive copy of an engraving by exposing a glass plate coated with asphalt-like substance is known as:
Explanation
Nicéphore Niépce named his bitumen of Judea (asphalt) light-sensitive photographic process 'Heliography' (sun drawing), creating the earliest known surviving permanent photograph in 1826.
जोसेफ नीप्स द्वारा डामर/बिटुमेन का उपयोग करके विकसित की गई शुरुआती प्रक्रिया को 'हेलियोग्राफी' (Heliography) कहा जाता है।
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265📚Civil Engineering & Building MaterialsWorkability of Concrete
The following statements are related to Workability of concrete:
Statement 1: The time required for the shape of concrete to change from slump cone shape to cylindrical shape in seconds is known as Vee Bee Degree.
Statement 2: The size of aggregate, shape of aggregate, water content, and grading of aggregates affect the workability of concrete. But the surface texture of aggregate is not affecting the workability of concrete.
Choose the correct options:
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct (Vee-Bee consistometer measures seconds to remold concrete into a horizontal cylinder). Statement 2 is incorrect because surface texture directly affects workability (rough textures increase friction and reduce workability).
कथन 1 सही है और कथन 2 गलत है (एग्रीगेट की सतह की बनावट/रफनेस सीधे कार्यशीलता को प्रभावित करती है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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266📚Computer Science, Operating Systems & MS OfficeKeyboard Toggle Keys
Which keys are also known as toggle keys?
Explanation
Toggle keys alternate a specific keyboard mode on and off with each press (e.g., Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock).
कैप्स लॉक और नम लॉक (Caps lock, Num lock) को टॉगल कीज़ (Toggle keys) कहा जाता है।
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267📚Library Management, Stock Verification, Serials & Documentation CentersStock Verification
Physical checkup of the collection of any library is known as:
Explanation
Stock Verification (or physical inventory audit) is the systematic physical verification and checking of the entire book collection on the shelves against the accession register or shelf list.
पुस्तकालय के भौतिक संग्रह की जांच और सत्यापन को 'स्टॉक सत्यापन' (Stock Verification / भंडार सत्यापन) कहा जाता है।
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268📚Classification Schemes (DDC, CC, UDC) & Cataloguing Codes (AACR-2, CCC, RDA)PMEST Fundamental Categories
Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental categories in Colon Classification?
Explanation
Dr. S.R. Ranganathan formulated the PMEST postulate consisting of five fundamental categories: Personality [P], Matter [M], Energy [E], Space [S], and Time [T]. 'Language' is not a fundamental category (it is a language isolate).
कोलन वर्गीकरण की PMEST पांच मूलभूत श्रेणियों में Personality, Matter, Energy, Space और Time शामिल हैं; 'Language' इनमें शामिल नहीं है।
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269📚Classification Schemes (DDC, CC, UDC) & Cataloguing Codes (AACR-2, CCC, RDA)Colon Classification Facet Formula Application
Arrange the following according to the principles of facet sequence of Colon Classification, 6th edition:
i) Tuberculosis
ii) Child
iii) Lung
iv) Treatment
Codes:
Explanation
In Medicine (LL), facet formula is L [P]:[E][2P]:[2E][3P]L\ [P]:[E][2P]:[2E][3P]. Here: Organ / Personality [P]=Lung (iii)[P] = \text{Lung (iii)}, Problem / Matter/Energy [E]=Tuberculosis (i)[E] = \text{Tuberculosis (i)}, Action [2E]=Treatment (iv)[2E] = \text{Treatment (iv)}, Special [P2]=Child (ii)[P_2] = \text{Child (ii)}. Facet sequence: (iii), (i), (iv), (ii).
कोलन वर्गीकरण के पक्ष अनुक्रम के अनुसार सही क्रम: Lung (iii) −>-> Tuberculosis (i) −>-> Treatment (iv) −>-> Child (ii)। सही विकल्प D है।
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270📚Food Processing, Preservation Techniques & PackagingPulverization & Size Reduction
The preservation method known as pulverization works by :
Explanation
Pulverization (mechanical comminution and ultra-fine micro-grinding) dramatically increases specific surface area and particle contact, accelerating moisture removal and desiccation to lower water activity and inhibit microbial proliferation.
पल्वराइजेशन (Pulverization / सूक्ष्म पीसना) भोजन के कणों का आकार घटाकर 'त्वरित निर्जलीकरण करके सूक्ष्मजीवों की वृद्धि को रोकता है' (Dehydrating food by reducing size/surface area)।
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271📚Food Chemistry, Lipids, Proteins & CarbohydratesFreezing Protein Chemistry (Salting Out)
During freezing proteins may denature due to concentration of product this effect is called as:
Explanation
During slow freezing, pure ice crystals freeze out first, dramatically concentrating mineral solutes in the remaining unfrozen liquid phase; this hyper-ionic concentration causes protein aggregation and denaturation known as 'Salting Out'.
फ्रीजिंग के दौरान विलेय सांद्रता बढ़ने से प्रोटीनों के विकृतीकरण और अवक्षेपण के प्रभाव को 'साल्टिंग आउट' (Salting out) कहा जाता है।
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272📚Food Chemistry, Lipids, Proteins & CarbohydratesLactase Deficiency
Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products, due to a lack of the enzyme known as:
Explanation
Lactose Intolerance results from intestinal deficiency of the brush-border β\beta-galactosidase enzyme Lactase, preventing hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into absorbable D-glucose and D-galactose.
लैक्टोज असहिष्णुता (Lactose intolerance) आंत में 'लैक्टेज' (Lactase) एंजाइम की कमी के कारण होती है।
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273📚Food Chemistry, Lipids, Proteins & CarbohydratesAscorbic Acid Nomenclature
Vitamin C is also known as:
Explanation
Vitamin C is chemically known as L-Ascorbic Acid (C6H8O6C_6H_8O_6), a water-soluble enediol lactone antioxidant and antiscorbutic factor.
विटामिन सी का रासायनिक नाम 'एस्कॉर्बिक एसिड' (Ascorbic acid) है।
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274📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsEarth Spheres (Lithosphere)
The upper part of the planet Earth's interior is known as
Explanation
The Lithosphere (from Greek lithos meaning stone) comprises the rigid outermost solid shell of Earth, including the entire continental and oceanic crust and the uppermost brittle mantle.
पृथ्वी के आंतरिक भाग का सबसे ऊपरी ठोस आवरण 'स्थलमंडल' (Lithosphere / भू-पर्पटी) कहलाता है।
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275📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsEcology Science
The study of relationships and interactions between biotic and abiotic components is known as
Explanation
Ecology (coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866) is the scientific study of the interactions and functional relationships between living organisms (biotic) and their physical and chemical environment (abiotic).
जैविक और अजैविक घटकों के बीच संबंधों और अंतःक्रियाओं के अध्ययन को 'पारिस्थितिकी' (Ecology) कहा जाता है।
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276📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsPhysical Matter in Ecology
Within an ecosystem any physical entity that occupies space, and can be seen, smelled or felt, is known as.
Explanation
In environmental physics and chemistry, Matter is defined as any physical substance that has mass and occupies space, existing in solid, liquid, gaseous, or plasma phases.
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में कोई भी भौतिक वस्तु जो स्थान घेरती है और जिसका द्रव्यमान होता है, 'पदार्थ' (Matter) कहलाती है।
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277📚Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics & Environmental ThermodynamicsEnergy Concept
The ability to perform work is known as
Explanation
In physics and thermodynamics, Energy is defined as the quantitative capacity or ability of a physical system to perform work.
कार्य करने की क्षमता को 'ऊर्जा' (Energy) कहा जाता है।
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278📚Environmental Biostatistics, Solid Waste & Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Sampling Distribution Statistics
The probability distribution that characterizes some aspects of sampling variability is known as
Explanation
In inferential statistics, a Sampling Distribution is the theoretical probability distribution of a sample statistic (e.g. sample mean ar{x}, sample variance s2s^2) obtained through repeated random sampling from a population.
नमूनाकरण परिवर्तनशीलता को दर्शाने वाला संभाव्यता वितरण 'सैंपलिंग वितरण' (Sampling distribution) कहलाता है।
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279📚Environmental Microbiology, Toxic Chemicals & Environmental LawsNaegleria fowleri (Brain-Eating Amoeba)
Brain eating amoeba is also called as:
Explanation
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living thermophilic ameboflagellate commonly known as the 'Brain-Eating Amoeba' that enters the nasal mucosa while swimming in warm freshwaters, causing fatal Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM).
'दिमाग खाने वाला अमीबा' (Brain-eating amoeba) के नाम से कुख्यात रोगाणु 'Naegleria fowleri' है, जो घातक मेनिन्जोएन्सेफलाइटिस पैदा करता है।
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280📚Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Drug Regulatory Acts & Forensic PharmacyLegal Terminology (Clandestine)
Which agreement is also known as Clandestine arrangement?
Explanation
In trade, forensic jurisprudence, and competition law, a Clandestine Arrangement is an illicit, collusive Secret Agreement made between parties to circumvent legal regulations or price controls.
गुप्त या गुप्त रूप से किए गए समझौते को 'सीक्रेट एग्रीमेंट' (Secret agreement / गुप्त समझौता) कहा जाता है।
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281📚Pharmaceutical Analysis, Quality Control & Limit TestsHydroxyl Value Chemistry
The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid taken up on acetylation of one gram of fat is known as:
Explanation
Hydroxyl Value is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOHKOH) required to neutralize the acetic acid released by the hydrolysis of the acetylated derivative obtained from 1 gram of substance containing free hydroxyl groups.
1 ग्राम वसा के एसिटिलीकरण पर अवशोषित एसिटिक एसिड को उदासीन करने के लिए आवश्यक KOH के मिलीग्राम की संख्या 'हाइड्रॉक्सिल मान' (Hydroxyl value) कहलाती है।
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282📚Pharmaceutics, Dosage Form Technology & PharmacokineticsCompound Sodium Chloride Injection (Ringer)
As per Indian Pharmacopoeia, the compound sodium chloride injection is known as:
Explanation
In the Indian Pharmacopoeia, Compound Sodium Chloride Injection (containing NaCl, KCl, and extCaCl2ext{CaCl}_2 in sterile water for injection) is officially designated as Ringer's Solution / Ringer's Injection.
IP के अनुसार कंपाउंड सोडियम क्लोराइड इंजेक्शन को 'रिंगर घोल' (Ringer solution / Ringer's Injection) के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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283📚Pharmaceutical Analysis, Quality Control & Limit TestsSpectral Absorption Shifts
In UV spectroscopy, the shift of an absorption maxima to a higher wavelength is known as:
Explanation
In UV-Visible electronic absorption spectroscopy, a shift of absorption maximum (λmax⁡\lambda_{\max}) to a Longer Wavelength (lower energy) is termed a Bathochromic Shift (or Red Shift).
UV स्पेक्ट्रोस्कोपी में अवशोषण शिखर (λmax⁡\lambda_{\max}) का उच्च तरंगदैर्घ्य की ओर विस्थापन 'बाथोक्रोमिक शिफ्ट' (Bathochromic shift / रेड शिफ्ट) कहलाता है।
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284📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsLighting Techniques & Tools
Consider the following statements about lighting techniques:
i. Reflectors are used to soften and diffuse sunlight in outdoor shoots.
ii. Low-key lighting requires more lights than high-key lighting.
iii. The rim light is also known as the back light.
iv. Three-point lighting is only used in studio settings.
Which of the statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements i and iii are correct: Reflectors bounce and diffuse sunlight as soft fill (i), and the Rim light is the Back light creating edge illumination (iii). (Statement ii is false as low-key uses fewer fill lights for high contrast; iv is false as three-point lighting is used outdoors and on location). Correct: i and iii only.
कथन i और iii सही हैं (रिफ्लेक्टर धूप को परावर्तित/नरम करते हैं और रिम लाइट को बैक लाइट भी कहा जाता है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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285📚Television Studio Production, Lighting & Camera OperationsTelevision Graphics Principles
Consider the following statements about graphics in video production:
i. Graphics are used to simplify complex data through visual symbols, illustrations, and diagrams.
ii. The readability of graphics is ensured by using small and intricate fonts.
iii. The essential area in graphics is also known as the safe title area.
iv. Vertical slides are preferred over horizontal slides for television screens.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements i and iii are correct: Graphics simplify complex information into visual symbols (i), and critical text must be positioned within the Safe Title Area (inner 80% boundary) to prevent edge clipping (iii). (Statement ii is false as bold, legible sans-serif fonts are required; iv is false as TV screens are horizontally oriented 16:9/4:3). Correct: i and iii.
कथन i और iii सही हैं (ग्राफिक्स जटिल डेटा को सरल बनाते हैं और महत्वपूर्ण टेक्स्ट सेफ टाइटल एरिया के भीतर रखा जाता है)। सही विकल्प B है।
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286📚Indian Cinema, Cultural Studies & History of MediaFather of Indian Cinema (Dadasaheb Phalke)
Who is credited with making the first Indian feature film, Raja Harishchandra?
Explanation
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (Dadasaheb Phalke, the 'Father of Indian Cinema') directed and produced India's first indigenous full-length silent feature film, Raja Harishchandra, released on 3 May 1913 at Coronation Cinematograph, Bombay.
भारत की पहली पूर्ण फीचर फिल्म 'राजा हरिश्चंद्र' (1913) बनाने का श्रेय 'धुंडीराज गोविंद फाल्के' (दादासाहेब फाल्के) को जाता है।
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287📚Engineering Graphics, Projections & Solid GeometrySurfaces of Revolution (Hyperboloid)
A hyperbola revolving around its axis forms a surface called a:
Explanation
When a hyperbola revolves around its transverse or conjugate axis in three dimensions, it generates a quadratic curved surface of revolution known as a Hyperboloid (hyperboloid of one sheet or two sheets).
एक अतिपरवलय (Hyperbola) को उसके अक्ष के चारों ओर घुमाने पर बनने वाली 3D सतह 'हाइपरबोलोइड' (Hyperboloid) कहलाती है।
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288📚Engineering Graphics, Projections & Solid GeometrySections of Solids (Apparent Section)
The projection of the section on the principle plane to which the section plane is inclined is known as:
Explanation
The projection of a cut section onto a principal plane of projection to which the cutting plane is inclined is foreshortened and termed the Apparent Section (whereas projection onto a plane parallel to the cutting plane shows the True Shape of Section).
जिस मुख्य तल से सेक्शन तल झुका होता है, उस पर बनने वाले प्रक्षेपण को 'आभासी काट' (Apparent section) कहा जाता है।
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289📚Engineering Graphics, Projections & Solid GeometrySections of Solids Definitions
The terms used very frequently for sections of solids are given below:
1. The projection of the section on a plane parallel to the section plane is known as true shape of section.
2. Section planes are the imaginary planes which cut the objects completely or partially to show their invisible and interior details clearly.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are core definitions in descriptive geometry: The projection onto a parallel plane shows the True Shape of the cut section (1), and Section Planes are imaginary cutting planes passing through solids to reveal internal cavities, ribs, and features (2). Correct: Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
कथन 1 और 2 दोनों सही हैं (काट तल के समानांतर प्रक्षेपण वास्तविक आकार दर्शाता है और काट तल आंतरिक विवरण देखने के लिए काल्पनिक तल हैं)। सही विकल्प C है।
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290📚Applied Physics, Electromagnetism & Solid State DevicesOscillations & Vibrations Definitions
Consider the following Statements:
Statement 1: The oscillation of a body whose amplitude goes on decreasing with time is defined as a damped oscillation.
Statement 2: The oscillation in which a body oscillates under the influence of an external periodic force is known as forced oscillation.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Both statements are standard physical definitions: Damped oscillations dissipate mechanical energy to overcome friction/viscosity causing amplitude decay over time (1), and Forced oscillations occur when a system is continuously driven by an external periodic force (2). Correct: Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
कथन 1 और 2 दोनों सही हैं (अवमंदित दोलन में आयाम घटता है और प्रणोदित दोलन बाह्य आवर्त बल के प्रभाव में होता है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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291📚Computer Applications, Information Technology & NetworkingProgramming Control Structures
Based on the type of control structures, the following statements are given:
1. Selection structure: In the selection structure, two sets of statement blocks are written in a program along with one or more conditions. The execution of a particular block's statements occurs only if the conditional statement specified at the beginning of the block is true. A selection structure is also known as looping structure.
2. Repetition structure: In the repetition structure, a block of two or more instructions is specified along with a conditional statement. The execution of these instructions is repeated many times if the conditional statement is true. This structure is also known as branching structure.
Based on the above, which statements are correct?
Explanation
Both statements contain false aliases: Selection structure is Branching/Decision (NOT looping), and Repetition structure is Looping/Iteration (NOT branching). Thus, both statements are technically incorrect as stated. Choice D.
दोनों कथन गलत हैं क्योंकि चयन संरचना को ब्रांचिंग (लूपिंग नहीं) और पुनरावृत्ति संरचना को लूपिंग (ब्रांचिंग नहीं) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प D है।
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292📚Sociology, Social Stratification & Social DevelopmentStructural Functionalism (Talcott Parsons)
Society is a system surrounded by three other systems - personality, the organism and culture. There is social equilibrium when the boundaries of the three systems are maintained and social change results from boundary breaking. Which among the sociologist proposed this theory?
Explanation
Talcott Parsons formulated the Action Frame of Reference and the AGIL functional paradigm, conceptualizing society as a Social System in dynamic equilibrium interacting with three surrounding action subsystems: Cultural System, Personality System, and Behavioral Organism.
समाज को व्यक्तित्व, जीव और संस्कृति से घिरा संतुलनकारी तंत्र बताने वाले प्रसिद्ध समाजशास्त्री 'टैलकॉट पार्सन्स' (Talcott Parsons) हैं।
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293📚Sociology, Social Stratification & Social DevelopmentSociology of Socialization
Which are the agencies of primary socialization?
1. Family
2. Peer group
3. School
4. Jail
Select the correct option:
Explanation
Primary and foundational socialization agencies that shape a child's personality and social norms during early life include the Family (primary foundational agency), Peer group, and School (1, 2, and 3). Prisons/jails are total institutions for re-socialization. Choice D.
प्राथमिक और प्रारंभिक समाजीकरण की प्रमुख संस्थाओं में परिवार, मित्र समूह (पीयर ग्रुप) और विद्यालय शामिल हैं (1, 2, and 3)। सही विकल्प D है।
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294📚Social Work Methods, Criminology & Social PolicyCriminal Anthropology (Cesare Lombroso)
A study of the personality of the offenders in physical terms is called as:
Explanation
Criminal Anthropology (founded by Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who posited the concept of 'born criminals' via atavistic physical stigmata and cranial anomalies) is the study of the physical, anatomical, and biological characteristics of offenders.
अपराधियों के व्यक्तित्व का शारीरिक और जैविक विशेषताओं के संदर्भ में अध्ययन 'आपराधिक नृविज्ञान' (Criminal Anthropology / लोम्ब्रोसो) कहलाता है।
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295📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyPsychoanalysis (Pleasure Principle)
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the instinctual drive seeking immediate gratification of needs is known as the:
Explanation
In Sigmund Freud's structural psychoanalytic model, the Id operates exclusively on the Pleasure Principle—demanding immediate release of tension and instantaneous gratification of instinctual biological impulses without regard for external reality.
सिगमंड फ्रायड के अनुसार तत्काल संतुष्टि की मांग करने वाली अचेतन प्रेरणा 'आनंद सिद्धांत' (Pleasure principle / इड) कहलाती है।
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296📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyFreud Structural Personality Model
Freud's structural model of personality is related to:
Explanation
Sigmund Freud formulated the tripartite Structural Model of Personality comprising the Id (unconscious primal desires), the Ego (rational realistic mediator), and the Superego (internalized moral conscience).
फ्रायड का व्यक्तित्व संरचना मॉडल 'इड, ईगो और सुपर-ईगो' (Id, ego, superego) से संबंधित है।
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297📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyPersonality Psychology (Locus of Control)
The concept of Locus of Control was introduced by:
Explanation
Julian B. Rotter introduced the personality construct of 'Locus of Control' (1954) within his Social Learning Theory, distinguishing between an Internal Locus (belief that outcomes result from one's own efforts) and an External Locus (belief that outcomes are determined by external chance/fate).
'नियंत्रण का केंद्र' (Locus of Control / आंतरिक व बाह्य) की अवधारणा 'जूलियन रोटर' (Julian Rotter / 1954) ने प्रस्तुत की थी।
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298📚Psychological Research Methodology, Statistics & PsychometricsQualitative Research (Focus Group)
A qualitative research method which involves getting a group of people who share a common problem or interest together to have an interactive discussion on the same is known as:
Explanation
A Focus Group (Focus Group Discussion / FGD) is a qualitative research technique where a trained moderator guides a small group of participants with shared characteristics or experiences through a semi-structured interactive discussion to gather in-depth insights.
किसी साझा समस्या या रुचि पर लोगों के समूह के बीच निर्देशित चर्चा कराने वाली गुणात्मक शोध विधि 'फोकस ग्रुप' (Focus group discussion) कहलाती है।
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299📚Psychological Research Methodology, Statistics & PsychometricsExperimental Designs (Repeated Measures)
A research design where every participant is exposed to all levels of the Independent Variable (IV) is known as:
Explanation
A Repeated Measures Design (also termed a Within-Subjects Design) is an experimental design in which every single participant is exposed sequentially to all levels or conditions of the independent variable, serving as their own control.
एक शोध डिजाइन जिसमें प्रत्येक प्रतिभागी को स्वतंत्र चर के सभी स्तरों से अवगत कराया जाता है, 'रिपीटेड मेजर्स डिजाइन' (Repeated measures design / विदिन-सब्जेक्ट्स) कहलाता है।
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300📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologySocial Cognition & Perception
The perspective in social psychology which focuses on how we pay attention to, process, and interpret social situations is known as:
Explanation
The Social Cognitive Perspective focuses on the mental processes—such as social schemas, heuristics, causal attributions, attention, and memory—involved in perceiving, interpreting, storing, and responding to social information.
सामाजिक स्थितियों पर ध्यान देने, उन्हें समझने और व्याख्या करने पर केंद्रित सामाजिक मनोविज्ञान का दृष्टिकोण 'सामाजिक संज्ञानात्मक दृष्टिकोण' (Social cognitive perspective) कहलाता है।
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301📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyCognitive Heuristics (Availability)
The cognitive mental shortcut used to assess the probability or frequency of an event based on the ease with which instances of that event come to mind is known as:
Explanation
The Availability Heuristic (identified by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1973) is a cognitive heuristic where people evaluate the likelihood, frequency, or probability of an event based on how readily and easily examples or vivid memories come to mind.
किसी घटना की संभावना का आकलन इस आधार पर करना कि उसके उदाहरण कितनी आसानी से याद आते हैं, 'उपलब्धता अनुमानी' (Availability heuristic) कहलाता है।
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302📚Psychopathology, Psychoanalysis & Counselling PsychologyPersonality Trait Theories Chronology
Arrange the following starting from the oldest to the most recent trait theories of personality in order of the time they were developed:
1. HEXACO Model
2. Eysenck's PEN model
3. Five Factor Model (Big Five)
4. Cattell's 16PF
Options:
Explanation
Chronological timeline of personality trait models: 4. Raymond Cattell's 16 Personality Factors (16PF, 1949) −>-> 2. Hans Eysenck's PEN Model (1952/1975) −>-> 3. Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Model / Big Five (1985–1992) −>-> 1. Ashton and Lee's HEXACO Model (2000/2004). Correct chronological sequence: 4, 2, 3, 1 (Choice C).
व्यक्तित्व के शीलूगुण सिद्धांतों का कालानुक्रम: 4. कैटेल का 16PF (1949) −>-> 2. आइज़ेंक का PEN मॉडल (1952) −>-> 3. बिग फाइव मॉडल (1985) −>-> 1. हेक्साको मॉडल (2000) (4, 2, 3, 1)। सही विकल्प C है।
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303📚Neuropsychology, Clinical Assessment & De-Addiction InterventionsDSM-5 Personality Disorders (Cluster B)
According to the DSM-5, which of the following are classified as Cluster B personality disorders?
1. Borderline Personality Disorder
2. Paranoid Personality Disorder
3. Histrionic Personality Disorder
4. Avoidant Personality Disorder
Options:
Explanation
Under DSM-5, Cluster B personality disorders (characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors) comprise: Antisocial, Borderline (1), Histrionic (3), and Narcissistic Personality Disorders. (Paranoid is Cluster A 'odd/eccentric'; Avoidant is Cluster C 'anxious/fearful'). Correct: 1 and 3 (Choice C).
DSM-5 के अनुसार क्लस्टर B (नाटकीय, भावनात्मक या अनिश्चित व्यवहार) में 'बॉर्डरलाइन' (1) और 'हिस्ट्रिओनिक' (3) विकार आते हैं (पैरानॉयड क्लस्टर A और अवॉइडेंट क्लस्टर C है)। सही विकल्प C है।
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304📚Neuropsychology, Clinical Assessment & De-Addiction InterventionsBiopsychology of Stress (Cortisol)
Which hormone is called the 'stress hormone' and helps regulate bodily response to stress?
Explanation
Cortisol (a glucocorticoid synthesized and secreted by the adrenal cortex via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal / HPA axis) is universally known as the body's primary 'Stress Hormone', regulating glucose metabolism, immune suppression, and prolonged stress homeostasis.
मानव शरीर में तनाव प्रतिक्रिया को नियंत्रित करने वाला मुख्य 'तनाव हार्मोन' (Stress hormone) 'कोर्टिसोल' (Cortisol / एड्रेनल कॉर्टेक्स) कहलाता है।
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305📚Neuropsychology, Clinical Assessment & De-Addiction InterventionsProjective Personality Assessment (TAT)
Which of these assessment tools used by Clinical psychologists can be classified as a projective test?
Explanation
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT, developed by Henry Murray and Christiana Morgan) is a classic Projective Personality Assessment Tool where respondents construct spontaneous narratives for ambiguous picture cards, projecting unconscious desires, conflicts, and needs. (MMPI, MCMI, and BDI are objective self-report inventories).
क्लिनिकल मनोविज्ञान में उपयोग किए जाने वाले प्रक्षेपी परीक्षणों (Projective tests) का प्रमुख उदाहरण 'TAT' (थीमैटिक ऐपर्सेप्शन टेस्ट) है।
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306📚Front Office Operations, Hospitality Management & TourismForms of Tourism (Domestic)
The tourism activity of people travelling within their own country is known as:
Explanation
Domestic Tourism comprises the tourism activities of resident visitors traveling exclusively within the geographical boundaries of their own country of residence.
किसी देश के नागरिकों द्वारा अपने ही देश के भीतर की जाने वाली पर्यटन गतिविधि 'घरेलू पर्यटन' (Domestic tourism) कहलाती है।
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307📚Front Office Operations, Hospitality Management & TourismConcierge Services (Les Clefs d'Or)
To earn gold crossed keys on their lapels, a hotel concierge must be certified by the international association of concierges, known as:
Explanation
Les Clefs d'Or (Union Internationale des Concierges d'Hôtels - The Golden Keys) is the prestigious international network of professional hotel concierges whose certified members proudly wear crossed gold keys on their uniform lapels.
होटल कंसीयर्ज के प्रतिष्ठित अंतरराष्ट्रीय संघ को 'लेस क्लेफ्स डी'ओर' (Les clefs d'or / गोल्डन कीज) कहा जाता है।
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308📚Front Office Operations, Hospitality Management & TourismMeal Plans (American Plan)
A tariff plan consisting of room tariff and all major meals (Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner) is known as:
Explanation
The American Plan (AP / Full Board / Full Pension) includes the room rent plus all three daily major meals: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. (EP is room only; CP is room + breakfast; MAP is room + breakfast + 1 major meal).
कमरे के किराए के साथ तीनों प्रमुख भोजन (नाश्ता, दोपहर व रात का खाना) शामिल करने वाली योजना 'अमेरिकन प्लान' (American plan / AP) कहलाती है।
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309📚Front Office Operations, Hospitality Management & TourismMeal Plans (Modified American Plan)
This meal plan is also known as Demi-pension or half board:
Explanation
The Modified American Plan (MAP), also termed Half Board or Demi-Pension in European terminology, includes room tariff, daily breakfast, and either lunch OR dinner (one major meal).
डेमी-पेंशन या हाफ बोर्ड (Half board) के नाम से जानी जाने वाली भोजन योजना 'मॉडिफाइड अमेरिकन प्लान' (Modified American plan / MAP) है।
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310📚Guest Cycle, Reservations & TelecommunicationsTelecommunications (Wake-up Call)
The facility of awakening guests at the time requested by them is known as:
Explanation
The Wake-Up Call Facility (Morning Call) is a standard telephone and front office service where the switchboard operator or automated PBX system calls the guest's room at their requested time in the morning.
अतिथि द्वारा मांगे गए समय पर उसे जगाने के लिए की जाने वाली कॉल को 'वेक-अप कॉल सुविधा' (Wake up call facility) कहा जाता है।
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311📚Guest Cycle, Reservations & TelecommunicationsTelecommunications (PBX)
A hotel's telephone switchboard equipment is known as:
Explanation
The internal private telephone switching system utilized within a hotel to connect internal room extensions with external public telephone lines is a Private Branch Exchange (PBX / PABX - Private Automatic Branch Exchange).
होटल के आंतरिक और बाहरी टेलीफोन संचार के मुख्य स्विचबोर्ड उपकरण को 'प्राइवेट ब्रांच एक्सचेंज' (PBX / PABX) कहा जाता है।
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312📚Night Audit Operations, Hospitality Ratios & Yield ManagementNight Audit Manager's Report
Which of the following is typically considered the most important managerial outcome of the front office night audit?
Explanation
The Daily Operations Report (also known as the Manager's Report) is the single most critical strategic output of the night audit, summarizing occupancy %, ADR, RevPAR, food & beverage sales, and departmental revenues for the General Manager.
नाइट ऑडिट का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण प्रबंधकीय परिणाम 'दैनिक संचालन रिपोर्ट' (Daily operations report / मैनेजर रिपोर्ट) होती है।
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313📚Night Audit Operations, Hospitality Ratios & Yield ManagementDaily Operations Report
The daily operations report is also known as the:
Explanation
In hotel management, the comprehensive Daily Operations Report generated at the conclusion of the night audit is standardly referred to as the Manager's Report.
दैनिक संचालन रिपोर्ट को आमतौर पर 'मैनेजर रिपोर्ट' (Manager's report) के रूप में जाना जाता है।
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314📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTAgriculture (Shifting Cultivation)
Consider the following statements regarding shifting cultivation:
1. It is also known as "slash and burn" agriculture.
2. In India, it is mainly practiced in Northeast region.
3. In Northeast India it is known as Jhum cultivation.
4. This type of agriculture is not done anywhere else in the world except India.
Choose correct option:
Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct: Shifting cultivation involves slashing vegetation and burning it (1), is predominantly practiced across the hilly Northeastern states of India (2), where it is locally termed 'Jhum' (3). Statement 4 is false because shifting cultivation is widely practiced across tropical regions globally (e.g. Milpa in Central America, Ladang in Indonesia, Roca in Brazil). Correct: 1, 2 and 3 only.
कथन 1, 2 और 3 सही हैं (झूम खेती या स्लैश एंड बर्न पूर्वोत्तर भारत में की जाती है; यह दुनिया के अन्य उष्णकटिबंधीय देशों में भी की जाती है अतः 4 गलत है)। सही विकल्प A है।
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315📚General Awareness with Special Reference to J&K UTRivers of India (Godavari)
Name the Indian river known as the "Dakshin Ganga":
Explanation
The Godavari River—the longest river system in Peninsular India (1,465 km)—is popularly known as 'Dakshin Ganga' (or Vridha Ganga) owing to its immense length, basin extent, and religious sanctity.
प्रायद्वीपीय भारत की सबसे लंबी नदी गोदावरी को 'दक्षिण गंगा' (Dakshin Ganga / वृद्ध गंगा) के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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316📚Quantitative Aptitude, Reasoning & Basic MathematicsBlood Relations
P is the father of Q. Q is the sister of R. R is the father of S. How is P related to S?
Explanation
Family tree breakdown: P is father of R (since Q and R are siblings, children of P). R is the father of S. Therefore, P is the paternal grandfather of S. Choice A.
P, Q और R का पिता है। R, S का पिता है। अतः P, S का 'दादा' (Grandfather) है। सही विकल्प A है।
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317📚Animal Sciences, Zoology, Veterinary Physiology & ImmunologyInsect Morphology & Exoskeleton
In insect anatomy, the lateral flexible pleural membrane that connects the dorsal tergum and ventral sternum is known as the:
Explanation
Each body segment of an insect exoskeleton is covered by four sclerites: a dorsal tergum, a ventral sternum, and two lateral side plates/membranes termed the Pleuron (or pleural membrane).
कीटों के शरीर में पृष्ठ (Tergum) और अधर (Sternum) को पार्श्व से जोड़ने वाली झिल्ली को 'प्लूरॉन' (Pleuron / पार्श्वक) कहा जाता है।
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318📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Geography of J&K (Amarnath Shrine)
Which district of Jammu and Kashmir is famous for the holy Amarnath cave situated at Mount Amarnath?
Explanation
The sacred Amarnath Cave shrine (altitude 3,888 m) is located in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir, accessed via Pahalgam or Baltal.
जम्मू और कश्मीर का 'अनंतनाग' (Anantnag) जिला पवित्र अमरनाथ गुफा के लिए प्रसिद्ध है।
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319📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Waterfalls of J&K (Aharbal)
The Aharbal waterfall located in the Shopian district is also popularly known as the:
Explanation
Aharbal Waterfall, formed by the roaring Veshav River falling from a height of about 25 meters in Kulgam/Shopian, is celebrated as the 'Niagara Falls of Kashmir'.
कश्मीर के शोपियां/कुलगाम में स्थित अहरबल जलप्रपात को 'कश्मीर का नियाग्रा फॉल्स' (Niagara Falls of Kashmir) कहा जाता है।
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320📚General Science & EnvironmentHuman Eye Anatomy
The human eye forms the real, inverted image of an object at its:
Explanation
The crystalline eye lens focuses incoming light rays onto the light-sensitive neural layer at the back of the eyeball known as the Retina.
मानव नेत्र में किसी वस्तु का वास्तविक और उल्टा प्रतिबिंब 'रेटिना' (Retina / दृष्टि पटल) पर बनता है।
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321📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)World Geography (Prime Meridian)
The 0-degree Meridian passing through Greenwich, London is known as the:
Explanation
The 0∘0^\circ longitude reference line is officially designated as the Prime Meridian, serving as the international baseline for measuring longitude and global time zones.
ग्रीनविच से होकर गुजरने वाली शून्य डिग्री (0∘0^\circ) देशांतर रेखा को 'प्रधान मध्याह्न रेखा' (Prime Meridian) कहा जाता है।
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322📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Indian Geography (IST)
The local time at 82° 30' E longitude, standardized throughout India, is known as:
Explanation
The local time of the standard central meridian of India (82∘30′ E82^\circ 30'\text{ E}, passing near Mirzapur/Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh) is accepted as the uniform Indian Standard Time (IST = UTC + 5:30).
82∘30′82^\circ 30' पूर्वी देशांतर पर आधारित पूरे भारत के मानक समय को 'भारतीय मानक समय' (Indian Standard Time / IST) कहा जाता है।
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323📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Physical Geography (Tropic of Cancer)
Identify the standard parallel of latitude known as the Tropic of Cancer:
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer is the parallel of latitude located at 23∘30′ N23^\circ 30'\text{ N} (or 23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) of the Equator, passing through 8 Indian states. (23∘30′ S23^\circ 30'\text{ S} is the Tropic of Capricorn).
कर्क रेखा (Tropic of Cancer) का अक्षांशीय मान '23∘30′ N23^\circ 30'\text{ N}' (उत्तरी अक्षांश) है।
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324📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (National & J&K)Solar System (Mars)
Which planet in the solar system is popularly referred to as the "Red Planet"?
Explanation
Mars is known as the 'Red Planet' due to the widespread presence of iron oxide (rust) on its surface giving it a distinctive reddish hue.
सौरमंडल के ग्रह 'मंगल' (Mars) को उसकी सतह पर लौह ऑक्साइड की उपस्थिति के कारण 'लाल ग्रह' (Red Planet) कहा जाता है।
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325📚General Awareness & Current Affairs (with J&K UT Special Reference)Waterfalls of J&K
The following waterfall in Shopian is also known as the "Niagara Falls of Kashmir":
Explanation
Aharbal Waterfall, formed by the Veshav River in Shopian district, is popularly referred to as the 'Niagara Falls of Kashmir' due to its roaring volume and sheer natural beauty.
शोपियां में स्थित अहरबल जलप्रपात (Aharbal Waterfall) को 'कश्मीर का नियाग्रा फॉल्स' कहा जाता है।
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326📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography Latitudes & Longitudes
The 0-degree Meridian passing through Greenwich, England is known as the:
Explanation
The Prime Meridian is the reference line of 0∘0^\circ longitude internationally adopted at Greenwich, London, from which all other longitudes (east and west) are measured.
ग्रीनविच से होकर गुजरने वाली 0∘0^\circ देशांतर रेखा को 'प्रधान मध्याह्न रेखा' (Prime Meridian) कहा जाता है।
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327📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyIndian Standard Time (IST)
The local time at 82° 30' E longitude, standardized throughout India, is known as:
Explanation
Indian Standard Time (IST) is calculated based on the standard meridian of 82∘30′ E82^\circ 30'\text{ E} longitude passing through Mirzapur near Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh), running 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT (+5:30).
82∘30′82^\circ 30' पूर्वी देशांतर रेखा के स्थानीय समय को पूरे भारत में 'भारतीय मानक समय' (Indian Standard Time / IST) माना गया है।
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328📚Indian Polity, History & GeographyGeography (Tropic of Cancer)
Identify the parallel of latitude known as the Tropic of Cancer:
Explanation
The Tropic of Cancer is the parallel of latitude located at 23∘30′ N23^\circ 30'\text{ N} (23.5∘ N23.5^\circ\text{ N}) of the Equator.
कर्क रेखा (Tropic of Cancer) भूमध्य रेखा के उत्तर में '23∘30′ N23^\circ 30'\text{ N}' अक्षांश पर स्थित है।
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329📚Indian Polity, History & GeographySolar System (Mars)
Which planet of the solar system is referred to as the "Red Planet"?
Explanation
Mars is known as the 'Red Planet' due to the widespread presence of iron oxide (rust) on its surface regolith.
सौरमंडल के ग्रह 'मंगल' (Mars) को उसकी सतह पर लौह ऑक्साइड के कारण 'लाल ग्रह' कहा जाता है।
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330📚Computer Applications, IT & e-GovernanceCyber Security & Sniffing
The process of monitoring and capturing all data packets that are passing through a computer network is known as:
Explanation
Packet Sniffing (or network packet analysis) is the technique of intercepting, monitoring, and logging raw data packets transmitted across a network using software sniffers like Wireshark.
कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क से गुजरने वाले डेटा पैकेटों की निगरानी और उन्हें कैप्चर करने की प्रक्रिया को 'स्निफिंग' (Sniffing / Packet sniffing) कहा जाता है।
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331📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceAgricultural Practices
Rearing of silkworms for the commercial production of raw silk fibre is known as:
Explanation
Sericulture is the commercial rearing of silkworms (especially Bombyx mori) for the production of raw silk fibre. (Apiculture is beekeeping; Floriculture is flower farming).
रेशम के उत्पादन के लिए रेशम के कीड़ों का पालन 'सेरीकल्चर' (Sericulture / रेशमकीट पालन) कहलाता है।
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332📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceMacroeconomics (Deflation)
A persistent and sustained fall in the general price level of goods and services in an economy is known as:
Explanation
Deflation is a sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services, occurring when the inflation rate falls below 0% (negative inflation).
वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के सामान्य मूल्य स्तर में निरंतर और लगातार गिरावट को 'अपस्फीति / अवस्फीति' (Deflation) कहा जाता है।
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333📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceWildlife Sanctuaries of J&K
In which year was the Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary in Jammu and Kashmir formally established?
Explanation
The Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (covering 500 sq km in the Lidder Valley near Pahalgam, Anantnag) was formally established and notified in the year 1981.
पहलगाम के निकट स्थित ओवेरा-अरू वन्यजीव अभयारण्य की स्थापना वर्ष '1981' में की गई थी। सही विकल्प B है।
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334📚General Awareness, Current Affairs & J&K UT Special ReferenceRivers of J&K (Kishanganga)
The Neelum River in the Kashmir region is also known in India as the:
Explanation
The river known as Kishanganga in Jammu & Kashmir flows into Pakistan-administered Kashmir where it is called the Neelum River before joining the Jhelum River at Muzaffarabad.
कश्मीर क्षेत्र की नीलम नदी को भारत में 'किशनगंगा' (Kishanganga) नदी के नाम से जाना जाता है।
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335📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningBlood Relations
R is the son of A's father's sister. S is son of D, who is the mother of G and grandmother of A. H is the father of T and grandfather of R. D is wife of H. How is R related to D?
Explanation
D is the wife of H. Since H is the grandfather of R and D is H's wife, D is the grandmother of R. Therefore, R is the Grandson of D. Choice C.
चूंकि H, R का दादा/नाना है और D, H की पत्नी है, अतः D, R की दादी/नानी है। इस प्रकार R, D का 'पोता/नाती' (Grandson) है। सही विकल्प C है।
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336📚Basic Mathematics, Quantitative Aptitude & ReasoningCoded Blood Relations
If 'A&B' means A is father of B, 'A*B' means A is brother of B, 'AB′meansAismotherofB,thenwhichofthefollowingiscorrectaboutKB' means A is mother of B, then which of the following is correct about KT&M?
Explanation
In expression K\T\&M::K\TT means K is mother of T; T&MT\&M means T is father of M. Since T is the father of M, T is male; therefore, T is the Son of K. Choice B.
K\T (K, T की माँ है) और T\&M (T, M का पिता है \implies T पुरुष है)। अतः T, K का 'बेटा' (T is son of K) है। सही विकल्प B है।
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337📚Computer Science, Operating Systems & Digital ElectronicsOperating Systems & Storage
The process of dividing a magnetic disk into tracks and sectors during disk preparation is known as:
Explanation
Disk Formatting (low-level/high-level formatting) is the process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive by dividing its magnetic surface into concentric tracks and sectors to install a file system.
स्टोरेज डिस्क को ट्रैक्स और सेक्टर्स में विभाजित करने की प्रक्रिया 'फॉर्मेटिंग' (Formatting) कहलाती है।
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338📚Computer Science, Operating Systems & Digital ElectronicsCyber Security Fundamentals
Who is popularly known as the 'Father of Computer / Cyber Security' for formulating the foundational principle of cryptographic security?
Explanation
August Kerckhoffs is widely recognized as a founding father of modern cryptography and cybersecurity for Kerckhoffs's Principle (1883), which dictates that a cryptographic system must remain secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge. (Bob Thomas wrote Creeper). Choice B.
क्रिप्टोग्राफी और साइबर सुरक्षा का जनक 'ऑगस्ट करकॉफ्स' (August Kerckhoffs / करकॉफ्स सिद्धांत) को माना जाता है।
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339📚Audio-Visual Systems, Television, Electronics & Electrical EngineeringFilter Types (Band Elimination)
A filter that passes all frequencies lying outside a designated band while sharply attenuating all frequencies between those two cutoff frequencies is called a:
Explanation
A Band Elimination Filter (also known as a Band-Reject, Band-Stop, or Notch Filter) passes all frequencies below a lower cutoff and above an upper cutoff, attenuating frequencies within the intermediate band. Choice A.
एक निश्चित आवृत्ति सीमा के बीच की आवृत्तियों को रोकने तथा उससे बाहर की सभी आवृत्तियों को गुजरने देने वाला फिल्टर 'बैंड एलिमिनेशन फिल्टर' (Band Elimination Filter / नॉच फिल्टर) कहलाता है।
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340📚Ecology, Environmental Science, Conservation & WildlifeProtected Area Categories
A strict forest conservation strategy that involves the absolute legal protection of designated pristine forest reserves and prohibits all human resource extraction is known as:
Explanation
IUCN Category Ia (Strict Nature Reserves) are strictly protected natural areas set aside to preserve biodiversity and geological features where human visitation, use, and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to non-destructive scientific research. Choice C.
मानव हस्तक्षेप और दोहन से पूरी तरह मुक्त आरक्षित वन क्षेत्र को 'कठोर प्रकृति अभयारण्य' (Strict nature reserves) कहा जाता है।
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341📚Diagnostic Radiology Physics, Biomedical Instrumentation & Applied MathematicsHuman Anatomy & Physiology
Which of the following glands is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
Explanation
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is called the master gland because its anterior and posterior lobes synthesize and secrete trophic hormones (TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin) that govern and regulate the functions of other endocrine glands throughout the body.
पीयूष ग्रंथि (Pituitary gland) को अंतःस्रावी तंत्र की 'मास्टर ग्रंथि' कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह अन्य अंतःस्रावी ग्रंथियों के स्राव को नियंत्रित करती है। सही विकल्प B है।
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342📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryPolymer Chemistry & Industrial Syntheses
Which of the following polymers is synthesized by the polymerization of caprolactam?
Explanation
Nylon-6 (also known as Perlon) is synthesized by the ring-opening addition polymerization of the cyclic monomer ε\varepsilon-caprolactam in the presence of water at elevated temperatures (~250°C).
कैप्रोलैक्टम (Caprolactam) के रिंग-ओपनिंग बहुलकीकरण से नायलॉन-6 (Nylon-6) का संश्लेषण किया जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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343📚Chemical Sciences & Environmental ChemistryPesticides & Bio-Pesticides
What type of insecticide is commonly used to control pests in agriculture and is derived from chrysanthemums?
Explanation
Pyrethrins are natural insecticidal esters extracted directly from the dried seed cases/flower heads of the Dalmatian chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium). Synthetic analogs developed with increased photostability are known as pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, cypermethrin).
गुलदाउदी (Chrysanthemum) के फूलों से प्राप्त प्राकृतिक कीटनाशक पाइरेथ्रिन और उनके सिंथेटिक रूप 'पाइरेथ्रॉइड्स' (Pyrethroids) कहलाते हैं। सही विकल्प A है।
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344📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityBlood Relations
Pointing to a photograph. Bajpai said, "He is the son of the only daughter of the father of my brother." How Bajpai is related to the man in the photograph?
Explanation
Step-by-step resolution: 'The father of my brother' = Bajpai's father. 'The only daughter of Bajpai's father' = Bajpai's sister. 'The son of Bajpai's sister' = Bajpai's nephew. Therefore, Bajpai is the Maternal Uncle (Mama) to the man in the photograph.
मेरे भाई के पिता = बाजपेयी के पिता। उनकी इकलौती बेटी = बाजपेयी की बहन। बहन का बेटा = बाजपेयी का भांजा। अतः बाजपेयी उस व्यक्ति का 'मामा' (Maternal Uncle) है। सही विकल्प D है।
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345📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceRemote Sensing & GIS
What is the other name of 4-D GIS?
Explanation
4-D GIS incorporates the dimension of time (temporal change over space) into 3D spatial coordinate data (x, y, z), and is formally known as Temporal GIS (or spatio-temporal GIS).
4-D GIS में 3D स्थानिक निर्देशांकों के साथ समय (Time) को शामिल किया जाता है, इसलिए इसे 'टेम्पोरल जीआईएस' (Temporal GIS) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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346📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceRivers & Glaciers of J&K
From which glacier, River Lidder originates?
Explanation
The Lidder River originates from the Kolahoi Glacier near Mount Kolahoi in the northwestern Himalayan range, flowing through Pahalgam before meeting the Jhelum River near Anantnag.
लिद्दर नदी (River Lidder) पहलगाम के उत्तर में स्थित कोलाहोई ग्लेशियर (Kolahoi glacier) से निकलती है। सही विकल्प C है।
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347📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Polity & Environmental Law
Which of the following acts is popularly known as Umbrella Legislation?
Explanation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is widely termed 'Umbrella Legislation' because it provides a comprehensive overarching legislative framework coordinating disparate regulatory agencies and prior sectoral pollution laws (Air Act, Water Act).
पर्यावरण (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1986 को 'अम्ब्रेला लेजिस्लेशन' (छतरी कानून) कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह पर्यावरण संरक्षण के सभी पहलुओं को व्यापक रूप से कवर करता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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348📚General Awareness, Science & J&K UT Special ReferenceIndian Medieval Culture & Sufism
Which Sufi Saint was known as 'Gharib Nawaz'?
Explanation
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (founder of the Chishti order of Sufism in the Indian subcontinent, whose shrine is in Ajmer Sharif, Rajasthan) is revered with the title 'Gharib Nawaz' (Benefactor of the Poor).
अजमेर के प्रसिद्ध सूफी संत ख्वाजा मोईनुद्दीन चिश्ती को 'गरीब नवाज' (Gharib Nawaz) की उपाधि से जाना जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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349📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryKinematics & Machine Mechanisms
Consider the following statements about types of mechanisms in mechanical systems:
1) A mechanism that consists of one or more moving parts connected by links is known as a kinematic chain.
2) A four-bar mechanism is an example of a higher pair mechanism.
3) A cam-follower mechanism is used for continuous rotary motion.
4) The degrees of freedom of a mechanism determine its mobility and the number of independent inputs required for its motion.
Which of the following options is correct?
Explanation
In theory of machines and laboratory mechanics:
- Statement 1 is TRUE: An assembly of links connected by kinematic pairs is a kinematic chain.
- Statement 2 is FALSE: A four-bar mechanism consists of pin/revolute joints with surface contact, which are LOWER pairs, not higher pairs.
- Statement 3 is FALSE: A cam-follower converts continuous rotary motion into reciprocating or oscillating motion, not continuous rotary motion.
- Statement 4 is TRUE: Degrees of freedom (mobility, FF) specify the number of independent coordinates needed to define the configuration.
Therefore, Statements 1 and 4 are true; Statements 2 and 3 are false.
यांत्रिकी में: चार-बार तंत्र (four-bar mechanism) लोअर पेयर (lower pair) होता है, न कि हायर पेयर। कैम-फॉलोअर घूर्णन गति को प्रत्यागामी (reciprocating) गति में बदलता है। कथन 1 और 4 सत्य हैं; 2 और 3 असत्य हैं। सही विकल्प A है।
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350📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryWalden Inversion in SN2
In an SN2 reaction, what is the stereochemical outcome when the nucleophile attacks the carbon attached to the leaving group?
Explanation
Because the incoming nucleophile donates electron density into the unoccupied σC−X∗\sigma^*_{C-X} antibonding orbital directly opposite (at 180∘180^\circ) to the departing leaving group, the umbrella-like flipping of the remaining three substituents causes 100% inversion of stereochemical configuration at the chiral carbon (known as Walden Inversion).
SN2S_N2 अभिक्रिया में न्यूक्लियोफाइल हमेशा निष्कासित समूह के ठीक विपरीत (180∘180^\circ) पश्च दिशा से आक्रमण करता है। इसके परिणामस्वरूप त्रिविम केंद्र पर विन्यास का पूर्ण प्रतिलोमन (Inversion of Configuration / वाल्डेन प्रतिलोमन) होता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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351📚Reaction Mechanisms, Kinetics & Physical Organic ChemistryArenium Ion (Wheland Intermediate)
In the arenium ion mechanism, which of the following statements is true?
Explanation
In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS), the attacking electrophile adds to a benzene ring carbon to form a non-aromatic, resonance-stabilized cyclohexadienyl cation intermediate known as the arenium ion (also called the Wheland intermediate or σ\sigma-complex). It carries a net positive charge delocalized over the ortho and para positions.
एरेनियम आयन (Arenium ion / Wheland intermediate / σ\sigma-संकुल) इलेक्ट्रॉनानुरागी ऐरोमैटिक प्रतिस्थापन (EAS) का धनावेशित मध्यवर्ती (positively charged intermediate) है, जो बेंजीन वलय पर इलेक्ट्रॉनानुरागी के जुड़ने से बनता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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352📚Preventive & Curative Conservation, Museum Studies & Cultural HeritageDefinition of Curative Conservation
Which of the following statements best describes curative conservation in the context of cultural heritage?
Explanation
Curative conservation (also known as remedial conservation) consists of all direct actions applied to an object or collection with the primary goal of arresting an active damaging process, stabilizing its physical structure, or repairing existing deterioration (e.g. desalination of stone, deacidification of paper, consolidation of crumbling wood, disinfestation of textiles). Option B accurately defines this.
उपचारात्मक संरक्षण (Curative Conservation): जब किसी कलाकृति में सक्रिय क्षति हो रही हो, तो उसे रोकने, स्थिर करने और यथासंभव उसकी मूल स्थिति में सुरक्षित करने के लिए वस्तु पर सीधे किए जाने वाले उपचार (जैसे डिसैलिनेशन, डी-एसिडिफिकेशन, सुदृढ़ीकरण)। सही विकल्प B है।
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353📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersPioneers of Indian Photography
Who is known as the king of Indian Photographers?
Explanation
Raja Deen Dayal is celebrated as the 'King of Indian Photographers' (and the 'Prince of Photographers'). Over his prolific career, he operated commercial studios in Indore, Secunderabad, and Bombay, photographing British royalty, viceroys, and Indian princely states with unmatched technical and aesthetic mastery.
राजा दीन दयाल को भारतीय फोटोग्राफी का 'राजा' (King of Indian Photographers) कहा जाता है। 19वीं सदी में उन्होंने इंदौर, मुंबई और सिकंदराबाद में स्टूडियो स्थापित किए और तत्कालीन रियासतों व ब्रिटिश वायसरायों के ऐतिहासिक चित्र खींचे। सही विकल्प C है।
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354📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersRoyal Photographers of India
_________ is popularly known as India's first 'Photographer Prince'.
Explanation
Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II of Jaipur (reigned 1835–1880) was a passionate early practitioner of wet collodion photography in the 1860s. He established a state-of-the-art photographic studio (Tasveerkhana) in the City Palace of Jaipur, personally photographing royal court life and visitors, earning the title 'India's first Photographer Prince'.
जयपुर के महाराजा सवाई राम सिंह द्वितीय (Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II) को भारत का पहला 'फोटोग्राफर प्रिंस' (Photographer Prince) कहा जाता है। उन्होंने 1860 के दशक में जयपुर सिटी पैलेस में एक आधुनिक फोटो स्टूडियो स्थापित किया था। सही विकल्प A है।
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355📚History of Photography & Indian PhotographersIndian Photojournalism
Who is the Father of Indian photojournalism?
Explanation
T. S. Satyan (Tambarahalli Subramanya Satyan, 1923–2009) is universally revered as the 'Father of Indian Photojournalism'. He pioneered compassionate, human-interest feature photo-essays for 'The Illustrated Weekly of India', 'Life', and UNICEF over five decades.
टी.एस. सत्यन (T. S. Satyan) को 'भारतीय फोटो पत्रकारिता का जनक' (Father of Indian Photojournalism) माना जाता है। उन्होंने 'द इलस्ट्रेटेड वीकली ऑफ इंडिया' और यूनिसेफ के लिए मानवीय कहानियों को तस्वीरों में उतारा। सही विकल्प C है।
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356📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleOptics & Lens Elements
Consider the following statements:
I: Positive lenses- known as diverging lenses, and cause light rays to spread out
II: Negative lenses- They converge light rays to a focal point.
Choose the correct option.
Explanation
Both statements are false because their optical definitions are inverted:
- Positive lenses (convex lenses) are CONVERGING lenses that bend parallel light rays inward toward a real focal point.
- Negative lenses (concave lenses) are DIVERGING lenses that spread light rays outward away from the optical axis.
Therefore, Both I and II are incorrect.
दोनों कथन गलत हैं क्योंकि परिभाषाएं उलट दी गई हैं: धनात्मक (उत्तल) लेंस अभिसारी (converging) होते हैं जो प्रकाश किरणों को एक बिंदु पर केंद्रित करते हैं; जबकि ऋणात्मक (अवतल) लेंस अपसारी (diverging) होते हैं जो किरणों को फैलाते हैं। सही विकल्प B है।
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357📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyLighting Qualities - Hard vs Soft
The light that casts sharp, well define shadow is known as:
Explanation
Hard light is characterized by a small, distant, or specular light source (such as direct midday sunlight or an undiffused bare flash bulb). It produces sharp, crisp, dark, and well-defined shadow edges with rapid transition between highlight and shadow.
कठोर प्रकाश (Hard Light) वह प्रकाश है जो छोटे या बिना डिफ्यूज किए गए स्रोत से आता है और गहरी तथा तीखी, स्पष्ट रूप से परिभाषित छाया (sharp, well-defined shadow) बनाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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358📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleDigital Image Sensitivity
Changing the overall sensitivity of the image is:
Explanation
In sensory perception and digital sensor tone-mapping algorithms, modifying the overall baseline response to ambient luminance across the dynamic range is known as brightness adaptation (or sensitivity adaptation).
छवि की समग्र संवेदनशीलता को प्रकाश स्तर के अनुरूप बदलना 'ब्राइटनेस एडेप्टेशन' (brightness adaption) कहलाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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359📚Lighting Techniques, Composition & Studio PhotographyPortraiture & Bokeh
In Potrait photography, the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture is known as:
Explanation
The aesthetic quality of the soft, creamy, out-of-focus blur produced in the background when shooting with a fast lens at wide apertures (f/1.4,f/1.8f/1.4, f/1.8) is termed Bokeh (derived from the Japanese word 'boke-aji', meaning blur quality).
पोर्ट्रेट फोटोग्राफी में चौड़े एपर्चर (f/1.4,f/1.8f/1.4, f/1.8) पर तेज लेंस द्वारा पृष्ठभूमि में उत्पन्न होने वाले आकर्षक और कोमल धुंधलेपन को 'बोकेह प्रभाव' (Bokeh effect) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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360📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Exposure TriangleSampling Theorem & Aliasing
What is the name of the phenomenon that corrupts the sampled image, and how does it happen?
Explanation
According to the Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem, a band-limited continuous image must be sampled at a rate greater than twice its highest spatial frequency (fs>2fmaxf_s > 2f_{max}). If an image is under-sampled (fs<2fmaxf_s < 2f_{max}), high spatial frequency details fold into lower frequencies, causing distortion known as 'Aliasing, if the band-limited functions are under sampled' (producing moiré patterns and jagged edges).
नाइक्विस्ट-शैनन प्रमेय के अनुसार, जब किसी छवि को उसकी उच्चतम आवृत्ति के दोगुने से कम दर पर नमूना (undersampled) लिया जाता है, तो उच्च आवृत्तियां विकृत होकर अवांछित पैटर्न बनाती हैं, जिसे 'अलियासिंग' (Aliasing) कहते हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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361📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationWatershed Delineation & Principles
The area that contributes all of its runoff water to a common point is known as
Explanation
A watershed (also called a drainage basin or catchment area) is defined as a topographically delineated geographical area in which all surface water runoff drains through a single common outlet or point into a stream, river, lake, or reservoir.
वह भौगोलिक क्षेत्र जिसका समस्त वर्षा अपवाह (Runoff) एक निश्चित उभयनिष्ठ बिंदु (Common outlet) की ओर प्रवाहित होता है, 'जलसंभर' या 'जलग्रहण क्षेत्र' (Watershed) कहलाता है। अतः सही उत्तर Watershed (विकल्प B) है।
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362📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationRainwater Harvesting Techniques
The method of collecting surface runoff from a small catchment area and storing it in the root zone of an adjacent infiltration basin is known as
Explanation
Micro-catchment water harvesting (in-situ rainwater harvesting) involves collecting overland surface runoff from a short catchment slope (< 1000 m2\text{m}^2) and directing it immediately to an adjacent cropped planting basin or infiltration pit where it is stored directly in the crop root zone.
छोटे जलग्रहण क्षेत्र से सतह के अपवाह को एकत्रित करके उसे पास के अंतःस्यंदन बेसिन में सीधे पौधों की जड़ क्षेत्र (Root zone) में संचित करने की विधि 'सूक्ष्म-जलग्रहण जल संचयन' (Micro-catchment water harvesting) कहलाती है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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363📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationHydrologic Design & Flood Routing
The maximum flood flow that could be passed without damage or serious threat to the stability of hydraulic structures is known as.
Explanation
Design Flood is the instantaneous maximum peak flood discharge that a hydraulic structure (such as a spillway, weir, culvert, or dam) is designed to safely pass without structural damage, overtopping, or failure.
वह अधिकतम बाढ़ प्रवाह (Peak flood discharge) जिसे कोई जल-संरचना बिना किसी क्षति या अपनी स्थिरता को खतरे में डाले सुरक्षित रूप से पार कर सकती है, 'डिजाइन बाढ़' (Design flood) कहलाती है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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364📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationBiological Soil Conservation
The practice of growing field crops in narrow strips across the slope, with alternate strips of erosion resisting and permitting crops is known as
Explanation
Strip cropping is an agronomic/biological soil conservation practice where crops are grown in narrow strips across the slope, alternating strips of erosion-permitting row crops (e.g., maize, sorghum) with close-growing, erosion-resisting legume/grass crops (e.g., pulses, clover).
ढलान के लंबवत संकरी पट्टियों में अपरदन-रोधी (दलहनी/घास) और अपरदन-अनुमोदक फसलों को बारी-बारी से एकांतर क्रम में उगाने की कृषि पद्धति को 'पट्टीदार खेती' (Strip cropping) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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365📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationStages of Gully Development
The stage in which vegetation starts growing in the gully is known as
Explanation
According to Ireland et al., gully development proceeds through four stages: Stage 1 (Formation - downward scour), Stage 2 (Development - headward erosion and rapid deepening), Stage 3 (Healing - natural vegetation begins to establish on the gully bed and sides), Stage 4 (Stabilization - stable slope angle achieved and vegetation fully covers the channel). Hence, vegetation starts in the Healing stage.
अवनालिका (Gully) विकास के चार चरण होते हैं: निर्माण चरण, विकास चरण, उपशमन/सुधार चरण (Healing stage) और स्थिरीकरण चरण। वह चरण जिसमें अवनालिका में वनस्पति उगना शुरू होती है, 'हीलिंग स्टेज' (Healing stage) कहलाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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366📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationIrrigation Duty & Delta
The total depth of water required for the entire crop period is known as
Explanation
In irrigation engineering, Delta (Δ\Delta) represents the total depth of water (expressed in cm or meters) required by a crop during its entire base/crop period for full growth and maturity. Duty (DD) is the area irrigated per unit discharge (ha/cumec), related by Δ=864BD cm\Delta = \frac{864 B}{D}\text{ cm}.
किसी फसल के पूरे फसल काल (Crop period) के दौरान आवश्यक पानी की कुल गहराई को 'डेल्टा' (Delta - Δ\Delta) कहा जाता है। इसे सेंटीमीटर या मीटर में मापा जाता है। सही उत्तर Delta (विकल्प D) है।
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367📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationIrrigation Efficiencies
The ratio of water delivered to the field to the water diverted from the source is known as
Explanation
Water Conveyance Efficiency (ηc\eta_c) is defined as the percentage ratio of the water delivered to the farm field (WfW_f) to the water diverted from the irrigation source/reservoir into the canal system (WrW_r): ηc=WfWr×100\eta_c = \frac{W_f}{W_r} \times 100.
स्रोत (जलाशय/नदी) से मोड़े गए कुल जल में से खेत तक सफलतापूर्वक पहुंचे जल के अनुपात को 'जल संवहन दक्षता' (Water conveyance efficiency - ηc\eta_c) कहा जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प B है।
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368📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationGroundwater Hydrology & Aquifers
Impermeable geological formations which contain water but are not capable of transmitting or supplying a significant quantity of water is known as
Explanation
An Aquiclude is a geological formation that is porous and contains water, but possesses very low permeability and is incapable of transmitting a significant yield of water to wells (e.g., clay). An Aquifuge neither contains nor transmits water (e.g., solid granite).
ऐसा भूगर्भीय संस्तर जो पानी को धारण तो करता है (छिद्रयुक्त है) परन्तु उसमें से पानी प्रवाहित नहीं हो सकता (अपारगम्य है), 'एक्वीक्लूड' (Aquiclude - जैसे मिट्टी/क्ले) कहलाता है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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369📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationSoil Moisture Tension & Classification
Water that is held in soil between tension of about 0.33 bars to 31 bars is known as
Explanation
Soil water is classified into: (1) Gravitational water: held at tension < 0.33 bar (1/3 atm), draining away under gravity; (2) Capillary water: retained in soil capillary pores between field capacity (0.33 bar) and the hygroscopic coefficient (31 bars); (3) Hygroscopic water: held tightly at tension > 31 bars. Hence, water held between 0.33 and 31 bars is Capillary water.
मिट्टी में 0.33 बार (क्षेत्र क्षमता/Field capacity) से 31 बार (आर्द्रताग्राही गुणांक) तनाव के बीच रुकी हुई नमी को 'केशिका जल' (Capillary water) कहा जाता है। 0.33 बार से कम पर गुरुत्वीय जल तथा 31 बार से अधिक पर आर्द्रताग्राही जल होता है। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
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370📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationAquifer Parameters & Specific Yield
The ratio of the volume of water released from storage by a saturated porous medium due to gravity to the total volume of the medium is known as
Explanation
In hydrogeology, Specific Yield (SyS_y) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water drained by gravity from a saturated rock or soil aquifer (VwV_w) to the total gross volume of the medium (VTV_T): Sy=VwVTS_y = \frac{V_w}{V_T}.
गुरुत्वाकर्षण के प्रभाव से किसी संतृप्त भूगर्भीय माध्यम से बाहर निकलने वाले जल के आयतन और उस माध्यम के कुल आयतन के अनुपात को 'विशिष्ट प्राप्ति' या 'विशिष्ट लब्धि' (Specific yield - SyS_y) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSB
371📚Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Hydrology & IrrigationSpate Irrigation & Water Management
Irrigation consists of watering terraced fields by diverting flood flows into them is Known as
Explanation
Spate irrigation (floodwater harvesting) is an ancient, specialized water management practice in arid mountainous environments where seasonal spate flood flows from ephemeral streams or wadis are diverted into bunded terraced fields for crop production.
मौसमी पहाड़ी नालों या नदियों से आने वाली बाढ़ के पानी (Flood flows) को मोड़कर सीढ़ीदार खेतों में सिंचाई करने की पारंपरिक पद्धति को 'स्पेट सिंचाई' (Spate irrigation) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSB
372📚Workshop Technology & Machine ToolsTIG Welding of Aluminum
Which of the following is commonly used for welding aluminum?
Explanation
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW, commonly known as TIG welding) using alternating current (AC) is the premier, standard method for welding aluminum. The alternating current provides cathodic cleaning that strips the refractory aluminum oxide layer, while inert argon gas shields the molten puddle from atmospheric contamination.
एल्युमीनियम की वेल्डिंग के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त और व्यापक रूप से उपयोग की जाने वाली विधि 'गैस टंगस्टन आर्क वेल्डिंग' (GTAW / TIG वेल्डिंग) है। इसमें AC करंट की कैथोडिक क्लीनिंग एल्युमीनियम ऑक्साइड की सख्त परत को हटाती है तथा आर्गन गैस शील्डिंग प्रदान करती है। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSB
373📚Workshop Technology & Machine ToolsArc Welding Consumable Electrodes
Welding that uses consumable electrode is known as
Explanation
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) both utilize continuously fed consumable metal electrodes. In contrast, Carbon Arc Welding (CAW) and Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) use non-consumable electrodes (carbon/graphite and tungsten respectively). In standard engineering curricula, SAW is the classic heavy consumable-electrode arc process.
कंज्यूमेबल (खपत होने वाले) इलेक्ट्रोड का उपयोग करने वाली वेल्डिंग प्रक्रिया 'सबमर्ज्ड आर्क वेल्डिंग' (Submerged Arc Welding - SAW) तथा फ्लक्स कोर्ड आर्क वेल्डिंग (FCAW) है। कार्बन आर्क और प्लाज्मा आर्क वेल्डिंग में गैर-उपभोज्य (Non-consumable) इलेक्ट्रोड प्रयुक्त होते हैं। सही उत्तर विकल्प C (या D) है।
2025JKSSB
374📚Workshop Technology & Machine ToolsMilling Operations & Straddle Milling
The milling operation in which two surfaces are milled simultaneously is known as
Explanation
Straddle Milling is the operation of machining two opposite, parallel vertical flat surfaces of a workpiece simultaneously using two side-and-face milling cutters mounted on the same arbor separated by spacing collars. (Gang milling machines three or more surfaces of varying profiles).
स्ट्रैडल मिलिंग (Straddle milling) वह मिलिंग ऑपरेशन है जिसमें एक ही आर्बर पर लगे दो साइड मिलिंग कटरों द्वारा वर्कपीस की दो विपरीत समानांतर सतहों की एक साथ मिलिंग की जाती है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSB
375📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesEngine Geometry & Terminology
Ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume is known as
Explanation
Thermodynamically, the Compression Ratio (rr) of an internal combustion engine is defined as the ratio of the total cylinder volume (Vtotal=Vs+VcV_{total} = V_s + V_c) when the piston is at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) to the clearance volume (VcV_c) when the piston is at Top Dead Center (TDC): r=Vs+VcVcr = \frac{V_s + V_c}{V_c}.
आईसी इंजन में पिस्टन के बीडीसी पर होने पर कुल सिलेंडर आयतन (Vs+VcV_s + V_c) तथा टीडीसी पर क्लीयरेंस आयतन (VcV_c) के अनुपात को 'संपीडन अनुपात' (Compression ratio - rr) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSB
376📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesEngine Power Measurements
Power delivered by the engine at the end of the crankshaft is known as
Explanation
Brake Horse Power (BHP) is the net, usable mechanical power delivered by the engine at the flywheel/crankshaft output shaft, measured using a brake dynamometer. Indicated Horse Power (IHP) is the gross power developed inside the engine cylinder, and FHP is frictional power loss: BHP=IHP−FHP\text{BHP} = \text{IHP} - \text{FHP}.
इंजन के क्रैंकशाफ्ट या फ्लाईवहील पर उपलब्ध वास्तविक उपयोगी यांत्रिक शक्ति को 'ब्रेक हॉर्स पावर' (Brake horse power - BHP) कहा जाता है। इसे डायनेमोमीटर से मापा जाता है। सिलेंडर के भीतर उत्पन्न कुल शक्ति इंडिकेटेड हॉर्स पावर (IHP) कहलाती है। सही विकल्प A है।
2025JKSSB
377📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesEngine Cooling Systems
In air cooled engines heat from the working components of the engine is conducted to the atmosphere through
Explanation
In air-cooled internal combustion engines (commonly used in motorcycles, small tractors, and power tillers), heat is conducted from the cylinder barrel and head to metallic extended surfaces known as Fins around the cylinder, which dissipate heat to the passing air stream by forced convection.
एयर-कूल्ड इंजनों में सिलेंडर और पिस्टन की अत्यधिक गर्मी को सीधे वायुमंडल में स्थानांतरित करने के लिए सिलेंडर ब्लॉक और हेड के चारों ओर धातु की 'फिन्स' (Fins around the cylinder) बनी होती हैं जो सतह का क्षेत्रफल बढ़ाकर शीतलन करती हैं। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSB
378📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesSowing & Planting Methods
The process of placing seeds in holes made in the seedbed and closing the seed with soil is known as
Explanation
Dibbling is the planting method of punching holes in the seedbed at precise distances and depths using a dibbler or hand tool, depositing seeds into each hole, and packing soil over them. (Drilling drops continuous seed lines in furrows; broadcasting scatters seeds randomly).
बीज शैय्या में निश्चित दूरी और गहराई पर छेद बनाकर उसमें बीज डालने और उसे मिट्टी से ढकने की प्रक्रिया को 'डिबलिंग' (Dibbling) कहा जाता है। छिटकवां विधि (Broadcasting) में बीज बिखेरे जाते हैं और ड्रिलिंग में कतारों में बोए जाते हैं। सही उत्तर Dibbling (विकल्प B) है।
2025JKSSB
379📚Farm Power, Machinery & IC EnginesHarvesting Machinery
A machine to cut grain crops is known as
Explanation
A Reaper is a harvesting machine designed specifically to cut standing cereal grain crops (such as wheat, paddy, and barley) and lay them uniformly in swaths. A mower is used for grass/forage, a reaper-binder cuts and ties crops into bundles, and a windrower forms windrows.
खड़ी अनाज वाली फसलों (जैसे गेहूं, धान) को काटने के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली मशीन को 'रीपर' (Reaper) कहा जाता है। घास काटने की मशीन मोवर तथा काटने और बांधने वाली मशीन रीपर-बाइंडर कहलाती है। सही विकल्प B है।
2025JKSSB
380📚Agricultural Process Engineering, Post-Harvest & Protected CultivationDeep Bed Grain Drying
Drying method in which the condition of drying air at any point in the grain mass changes with time and at any time it also changes with depth of the grain bed is known as
Explanation
In Deep Bed Drying, grain is dried in stationary layers greater than 20 cm deep. As drying air moves through the thick bed, three distinct zones form (dried zone, drying zone, and wet zone). The air temperature, humidity, and grain moisture change continuously with time at any location, and also vary along the depth of the bed at any given instant.
गहरे तल वाले सुखाने (Deep bed drying) में अनाज की मोटी परत होती है। इसमें किसी भी बिंदु पर सुखाने वाली हवा की स्थिति (तापमान व नमी) समय के साथ बदलती रहती है और किसी भी क्षण यह अनाज के तल की गहराई (Depth) के साथ भी बदलती है। सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSB
381📚Agricultural Process Engineering, Post-Harvest & Protected CultivationControlled Atmosphere Storage
Storage system that maintains specific levels of O2, CO2, and other gases is known as
Explanation
Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage is a high-technology preservation method where concentrations of oxygen (O2O_2, typically 1-3%), carbon dioxide (CO2CO_2, typically 1-5%), nitrogen, temperature, and humidity are precisely maintained throughout storage to suppress fruit/vegetable respiration and retard ripening.
वह भंडारण प्रणाली जिसमें फलों और सब्जियों के श्वसन को धीमा करने के लिए ऑक्सीजन (O2O_2), कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड (CO2CO_2) और अन्य गैसों के स्तर को कृत्रिम रूप से नियंत्रित रखा जाता है, 'नियंत्रित वायुमंडलीय भंडारण' (Controlled atmosphere storage - CA storage) कहलाती है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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382📚Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry & KineticsMeisenheimer Complex & Benzyne Pathways
Consider the following statements regarding Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution (SNAr mechanism and Benzyne mechanism):
1. The SNAr mechanism proceeds via the formation of a Meisenheimer complex as an intermediate.
2. Benzyne intermediates are formed under strongly basic conditions and involve elimination-addition pathways.
3. Electron-donating groups at the ortho/para positions increase the rate of SNAr reactions.
4. Electron-withdrawing groups at the ortho/para positions stabilize the intermediate in the SNAr mechanism.
5. In the Benzyne mechanism, the nucleophile can attack either carbon of the triple bond in the benzyne intermediate.
Choose the correct statement:
Explanation
Mechanisms of aromatic substitution: Statement 1 is true (SNAr addition yields a resonance-stabilized cyclohexadienyl carbanion intermediate known as a Meisenheimer complex). Statement 2 is true (Benzyne is generated by strong bases like NaNH2NaNH_2 via an elimination-addition sequence). Statement 3 is false because electron-donating groups destabilize carbanions and retard SNAr. Statement 4 is true (electron-withdrawing groups like −NO2-NO_2 stabilize the Meisenheimer intermediate through −M-M resonance). Statement 5 is true (nucleophilic addition to the formal triple bond of benzyne can occur at either carbon, leading to cine substitution). Thus, statements 1, 2, 4, and 5 are correct.
कथन 1 सही है (SNArS_NAr में माइजनहाइमर जटिल मध्यवर्ती बनता है)। कथन 2 सही है (बेंजाइन प्रबल क्षार में विलोपन-योगात्मक पथ से बनता है)। कथन 3 गलत है क्योंकि इलेक्ट्रॉन-दाता समूह SNArS_NAr को धीमा करते हैं। कथन 4 सही है (ऑर्थो/पैरा इलेक्ट्रॉन-आकर्षी समूह मध्यवर्ती को स्थिर करते हैं)। कथन 5 सही है (नाभिकरागी बेंजाइन के दोनों कार्बन पर आक्रमण कर सकता है)। अतः केवल 1, 2, 4 और 5 सही हैं (विकल्प A)।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
383📚Jammu & Kashmir Heritage, Archaeology & Archival ScienceState Protected Monuments of J&K
Match the following State Protected Monuments in Jammu and Kashmir with their respective locations:
Monuments:
1. Ancient temple, Narasthan
2. Mamleshwar temple
3. Hari Parbat Fort
4. Ancient Buddhist site, Hao Nar
Locations:
i. Srinagar
ii. Mammal, Pahalgam
iii. Narasthan, Tral
iv. Lidroo, Pahalgam
Options:
Explanation
State Protected Monuments of J&K: (1) Narasthan Ancient Temple: Distinctive 8th-century stone temple with an early pyramidal roof, located at Narasthan village in Tral (Pulwama) (iii); (2) Mamleshwar Temple: Ancient stone Shiva temple with a pure water spring located at Mammal village, Pahalgam (ii); (3) Hari Parbat Fort (Koh-e-Maran): Historic fort originally fortified by Akbar and reconstructed by Atta Mohammad Khan in Srinagar (i); (4) Ancient Buddhist site at Hao Nar: Buddhist stupa/monastery ruins situated at Lidroo near Pahalgam (iv). Match: 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv.
जम्मू-कश्मीर के राज्य संरक्षित स्मारक: (1) नरस्थान प्राचीन मंदिर - नरस्थान, त्राल (iii); (2) ममलेश्वर मंदिर - मम्मल, पहलगाम (ii); (3) हरि परबत किला - श्रीनगर (i); (4) हाओ नार प्राचीन बौद्ध स्थल - लिद्रू, पहलगाम (iv)। अतः सही विकल्प A (1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv) है।
2025JKSSBCulture Department (Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museums)
384📚Classical Calligraphy Principles, Measurement & OrthographyKhat-e-Tawa'am (Chap-naveesi)
"خط توام" کا دوسرا نام کیا ہے؟
(What is the alternative name for "Khat-e-Tawa'am" (twin script)?)
Explanation
Khat-e-Tawa'am (the twin / mirror script wherein letters on one side are mirrored in reverse on the other) is also known as Chap-naveesi (چپ نویسی / معکوس نویسی).
خطِ توأم (جس میں ایک سیدھی عبارت کے بالمقابل دوسری عبارت الٹی یا عکس کی طرح لکھی جاتی ہے) کو 'چپ نویسی' یا معکوس نویسی بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
2025JKSSBSkill Development Department
385📚History & Masters of Islamic & Kashmiri CalligraphyFather of Modern Calligraphy
جدید خطاطی کے "بابائے خطاطی" کس سے کہا جاتا ہے؟
(Who is globally acclaimed as the "Father of Modern Calligraphy"?)
Explanation
Edward Johnston (1872-1944) is celebrated worldwide as the 'Father of Modern Calligraphy'. He revived the broad-edged pen craft in the 20th century and authored the foundational textbook 'Writing & Illuminating, & Lettering'.
عالمی سطح پر جدید خطاطی کا باوا آدم (Father of Modern Calligraphy) 'ایڈورڈ جانسٹن' (Edward Johnston) کو مانا جاتا ہے، جنہوں نے بیسویں صدی میں نوک دار قلمی خطاطی کو از سرِ نو زندہ کیا۔
2025JKSSBSkill Development Department
386📚Indian Cinema, Visual Communication & Media LawsIndian Cinema Facts
Consider the following statements regarding Indian cinema:
i. Satyajit Ray's Pather Panchali won the Best Foreign Language Film at the Oscars.
ii. The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) is located in Pune.
iii. Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the 'Father of Indian Cinema'.
iv. Bollywood refers to the entire Indian film industry.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
Statements ii and iii are correct:
- FTII was established in 1960 on the erstwhile Prabhat Film Company premises in Pune.
- Dadasaheb Phalke is venerated as the 'Father of Indian Cinema' for creating Raja Harishchandra (1913).
Statement i is false (Pather Panchali won the Best Human Document award at Cannes 1956; Ray received an Honorary Oscar in 1992). Statement iv is false ('Bollywood' refers specifically to Hindi-language Mumbai cinema, not the entire Indian multi-lingual film industries like Tollywood, Kollywood, Mollywood, etc.).
कथन ii और iii सही हैं: FTII पुणे में स्थित है और दादा साहब फाल्के को भारतीय सिनेमा का जनक कहा जाता है। 'पाथेर पांचाली' को ऑस्कर नहीं मिला था (रे को 1992 में मानद ऑस्कर मिला), और बॉलीवुड केवल हिंदी सिनेमा को संदर्भित करता है न कि पूरे भारतीय फिल्म उद्योग को।
2025JKSSBHigher Education Department
387📚Plant Biochemistry, Cell Biology & PhysiologyPlant Secondary Metabolism
Which of the following is not an example of an alkaloid?
Explanation
Starch is a carbohydrate (polysaccharide). Caffeine (purine alkaloid), reserpine (indole alkaloid from Rauwolfia), and morphine (isoquinoline/phenanthrene alkaloid from Papaver) are typical nitrogenous secondary plant metabolites known as alkaloids.
स्टार्च एक कार्बोहाइड्रेट (पॉलीसेकेराइड) है। कैफीन, रेसरपीन और मॉर्फिन नाइट्रोजन युक्त द्वितीयक मेटाबोलाइट्स हैं जिन्हें एल्कलॉइड (alkaloids) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
388📚Pomology, Olericulture & Post-Harvest TechnologyOlericulture & Morphology
Inflorescence of cauliflower is known as?
Explanation
The edible economic part of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is the 'Curd', which is a pre-floral fleshy apical meristematic mass. (In cabbage, it is termed the 'Head').
फूलगोभी (Cauliflower) का खाने योग्य आर्थिक भाग अथवा इसका पुष्पक्रम 'कर्ड' (Curd) कहलाता है, जो अविकसित मांसल पुष्प कलिकाओं का सघन समूह होता है। (पत्तागोभी का भाग Head कहलाता है)। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
389📚Plant Pathology, Entomology & Crop ProtectionFungicide History & Formulations
Match the following:
i. Bordeaux Mixture - 1. Singh (1942)
ii. Burgundy Mixture - 2. Millardet
iii. Cheshunt Compound - 3. Bewley, 1921
iv. Chaubattia Paste - 4. "Soda Bordeaux"
Options:
Explanation
Historical plant pathology matches:
- i. Bordeaux Mixture -> Discovered by P.M.A. Millardet in 1885 (2)
- ii. Burgundy Mixture -> Prepared with sodium carbonate, known as 'Soda Bordeaux' (4)
- iii. Cheshunt Compound -> Formulated by W.F. Bewley in 1921 for damping-off (3)
- iv. Chaubattia Paste -> Formulated by U.B. Singh in 1942 in Uttarakhand for wound treatment (1)
Thus: i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1.
पादप रोग विज्ञान के ऐतिहासिक कवकनाशियों का सुमेलन:
- i. बोर्डो मिश्रण (Bordeaux Mixture) = मिलाईडेट (Millardet, 1885) (2)
- ii. बरगंडी मिश्रण = कॉपर सल्फेट + सोडियम कार्बोनेट ('सोडा बोर्डो') (4)
- iii. चेशंट कम्पाउंड = बेव्ले (Bewley, 1921) (3)
- iv. चौबटिया पेस्ट = यू.बी. सिंह (Singh, 1942) (1)
अतः सही कूट A (i-2, ii-4, iii-3, iv-1) है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
390📚Floriculture, Ornamental Gardening & Landscape ArchitectureCommercial Flowers & Nomenclature
Which flower is known as 'Queen of the east':
Explanation
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium / Guldaudi) is traditionally crowned the 'Queen of the East' (as well as 'Autumn Queen'). The Rose is called the 'Queen of Flowers'.
गुलदाउदी (Chrysanthemum) को 'पूरब की रानी' (Queen of the East) के नाम से जाना जाता है। गुलाब को 'फूलों की रानी' कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
391📚Plant Biochemistry, Cell Biology & PhysiologyPlant Biotechnology & Tissue Culture
Who is known as the father of plant tissue culture?
Explanation
Austrian botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt is universally regarded as the 'Father of Plant Tissue Culture' because in 1902 he first conceived the concept of cellular totipotency and cultivated isolated vegetative plant cells in synthetic media.
पादप ऊतक संवर्धन (Plant Tissue Culture) का जनक ऑस्ट्रियाई वनस्पतिशास्त्री गॉटलिब हैबरलैंड्ट (Gottlieb Haberlandt) को कहा जाता है। उन्होंने 1902 में सबसे पहले 'सेलुलर टोटिपोटेंसी' (पूर्णशक्तता) की अवधारणा दी थी। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
392📚Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Agricultural MeteorologyMeteorological Instrumentation
Instrument used for measuring wind velocity is known as:
Explanation
An Anemometer (specifically a cup anemometer) is an instrument used to measure wind speed and velocity. (Pyranometers measure solar radiation; altimeters measure altitude; hydrometers measure liquid specific gravity).
वायु की गति/वेग (Wind velocity) को मापने के लिए प्रयुक्त उपकरण को 'एनीमोमीटर' (Anemometer / पवनवेगमापी) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
393📚Agronomy, Irrigation & Spices / Plantation TechnologyCrop Water Requirements
The quantity of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs of a crop, excluding effective rainfall, is known as:
Explanation
Consumptive Irrigation Requirement (CIR) is defined as the depth of water required to meet the consumptive use (evapotranspiration) of a crop minus the effective rainfall received during that period: CIR = ETc - Pe.
फसल की वाष्पोत्सर्जन (Evapotranspiration) आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए आवश्यक सिंचाई जल की वह मात्रा, जिसमें प्रभावी वर्षा को घटा दिया जाता है, 'उपभोगी सिंचाई आवश्यकता' (Consumptive Irrigation Requirement / CIR) कहलाती है। (CIR=ETc−PeCIR = ET_c - P_e)। अतः सही विकल्प C है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
394📚Agronomy, Irrigation & Spices / Plantation TechnologyMicro-Irrigation Engineering
Which of the following type of irrigation method is also called as trickle irrigation?
Explanation
Drip irrigation is also known as Trickle irrigation or Micro-irrigation, where water is conveyed under low pressure through a pipe network and applied drop-by-drop directly into the root zone via emitters.
ड्रिप सिंचाई (Drip Irrigation) को 'ट्रिकल सिंचाई' (Trickle irrigation / टपक सिंचाई) भी कहा जाता है, जिसमें जल को बूंद-बूंद करके पौधों की जड़ों तक पहुँचाया जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
2025JKSSBAgriculture Production & Farmer Welfare / Horticulture Department
395📚Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Agricultural MeteorologySoil Microbiology & Ecology
The release of carbon dioxide by soil microorganisms in the soil is known as:
Explanation
Soil respiration is the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is released from the soil into the atmosphere through the collective metabolic activity of soil microorganisms decomposing organic matter along with root respiration.
मृदा सूक्ष्मजीवों और पादप जड़ों द्वारा जैविक पदार्थों के अपघटन और श्वसन क्रिया के दौरान कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड (CO2CO_2) गैस को मुक्त करने की प्रक्रिया 'मृदा श्वसन' (Soil respiration) कहलाती है। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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396📚Operating Systems & System SoftwareMemory Partitioning & Fragmentation
In fixed partitioning, if the process size is smaller than the partition size, the remaining memory is called:
Explanation
In fixed memory partitioning, when memory allocated to a partition is larger than the memory requested by the process loaded into it, the unutilized portion inside that partition is known as Internal Fragmentation.
निश्चित विभाजन (Fixed partitioning) में यदि किसी विभाजन का आकार प्रक्रिया के आकार से बड़ा होता है, तो उस विभाजन के भीतर अप्रयुक्त बची हुई मेमोरी को 'आंतरिक विखंडन' (Internal fragmentation) कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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397📚Exposure Triangle, Lighting & Composition TechniquesFocus Stacking & Depth of Field
Which of the following techniques is used to create the effect of "focus stacking" in digital photography?
Explanation
Focus stacking (also known as z-stacking or focal plane merging) is a digital image processing technique where multiple photographs taken at consecutive focal distances are combined together to yield a composite image with an extended depth of field (DoF), commonly used in macro and landscape photography.
फोकस स्टैकिंग (Focus stacking) डिजिटल फोटोग्राफी की वह तकनीक है जिसमें अलग-अलग फोकल दूरियों पर ली गई कई तस्वीरों को मिलाकर गहराई (Depth of Field) को बढ़ाया जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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398📚Camera Mechanics, Optics & Sensor TechnologyAutofocus Modes & Subject Tracking
Which feature is used in modern cameras to automatically adjust the focus based on subject movement?
Explanation
Continuous Autofocus (known as AF-C on Nikon/Sony or AI Servo on Canon) continuously recalculates and tracks focus on a moving subject as long as the shutter button is kept depressed halfway or the back-button AF is engaged.
आधुनिक कैमरों में चलते-फिरते विषय पर लगातार फोकस बनाए रखने के लिए 'कंटीन्यूअस ऑटोफोकस' (AF-C / AI Servo) का उपयोग किया जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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399📚Exposure Triangle, Lighting & Composition TechniquesPhotographic Genres & Applications
Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Column - I
1) Portrait Photography
2) Landscape Photography
3) Street Photography
4) Wildlife Photography
5) Macro Photography
Column - II
i) Captures the beauty of nature, often including vast scenes and natural elements.
ii) Focuses on capturing candid moments in public spaces, often highlighting everyday life.
iii) Involves taking close-up photographs of small subjects, revealing intricate details.
iv) Aims to depict animals in their natural habitats, often requiring patience and skill.
v) Centers on capturing the personality and mood of individuals or groups, typically involving posed shots.
Choose the correct option:
Explanation
Matching photographic genres with their descriptions:
- 1) Portrait: Centers on capturing personality/mood of people -> (v)
- 2) Landscape: Captures vast natural scenes -> (i)
- 3) Street: Candid moments in public spaces -> (ii)
- 4) Wildlife: Animals in natural habitats -> (iv)
- 5) Macro: Extreme close-up of tiny subjects -> (iii).
Hence, 1-v, 2-i, 3-ii, 4-iv, 5-iii. Choice D.
फोटोग्राफी की शैलियों का सही मिलान:
1) पोर्ट्रेट फोटोग्राफी -> व्यक्तियों का व्यक्तित्व और मनोदशा (v)
2) लैंडस्केप फोटोग्राफी -> प्रकृति के विशाल दृश्य (i)
3) स्ट्रीट फोटोग्राफी -> सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर दैनिक जीवन के क्षण (ii)
4) वाइल्डलाइफ फोटोग्राफी -> प्राकृतिक आवास में वन्यजीव (iv)
5) मैक्रो फोटोग्राफी -> छोटी वस्तुओं के नज़दीकी सूक्ष्म विवरण (iii)।
अतः सही कूट D है।
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400📚History of Photography & Classical Chemical ProcessesInvention of Photography & Heliography
A process developed by French physicist Joseph Niepce in 1816 that produced a positive copy of an engraving by exposing a glass plate coated with asphalt-like substance is known as:
Explanation
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce coined the term 'Heliography' (sun writing, from Greek Helios = sun + graphein = to write) for his photographic process developed from 1816 to 1826, which used Bitumen of Judea (a natural asphalt) coated on glass or pewter plates that hardened upon sun exposure.
1816 में जोसेफ निएप्स द्वारा विकसित वह प्रक्रिया जिसमें डामर जैसे पदार्थ (बिटुमेन) की परत वाली प्लेट को धूप में रखकर छवि प्राप्त की जाती थी, 'हेलियोग्राफी' (Heliography) कहलाती है। सही विकल्प B है।
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401📚Basic Reasoning & Mental AbilityBlood Relations
Saloni is the daughter of the only son of Kartik. Nirupama is the mother of Deepak. Yamini's only son, Ankit, is married to Nirupama. Kartik is the paternal grandfather of Deepak. How is Kartik related to Ankit?
Explanation
Kartik is the paternal grandfather of Deepak. Ankit is married to Nirupama (who is the mother of Deepak), meaning Ankit is the father of Deepak. Since Kartik is Deepak's paternal grandfather, Kartik must be the father of Deepak's father (Ankit).
कार्तिक दीपक के दादा (पैटर्नल ग्रैंडफादर) हैं। निरुपमा दीपक की माँ हैं और अंकित निरुपमा के पति हैं, अर्थात अंकित दीपक के पिता हैं।
चूँकि कार्तिक दीपक के दादा हैं, इसलिए कार्तिक अंकित के 'पिता' (Father) हैं। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
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402📚General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KIndian Freedom Movement
Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament?
Explanation
Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the 'Grand Old Man of India' and author of 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India', became the first Indian elected to the British House of Commons representing Central Finsbury in 1892.
ब्रिटिश संसद (हाउस ऑफ कॉमन्स) में निर्वाचित होने वाले पहले भारतीय 'दादाभाई नौरोजी' थे, जो 1892 में फिन्सबरी सेंट्रल से लिबरल पार्टी के टिकट पर चुने गए थे। उन्हें 'भारत का वयोवृद्ध पुरुष' कहा जाता है। अतः सही विकल्प A है।
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403📚General Awareness & General Science with Special Reference to J&KHistory of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following is also known as the "sale deed of Kashmir"?
Explanation
The Treaty of Amritsar, signed on 16 March 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, transferred the territories of Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh Nanakshahi rupees, historically dubbed the 'Sale Deed of Kashmir'.
16 मार्च 1846 को ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी और महाराजा गुलाब सिंह के मध्य हुई 'अमृतसर की संधि' (Treaty of Amritsar) को ऐतिहासिक रूप से 'कश्मीर का बैनामा' (Sale deed of Kashmir) भी कहा जाता है, जिसके तहत 75 लाख नानकशाही रुपयों में कश्मीर सौंपा गया था। अतः सही विकल्प B है।
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404📚Fitness to Drive, First Aid & Alcohol InfluenceEmergency Blood Group Compatibility
Which of the following type of blood group is known as universal donor?
Explanation
Red blood cells of blood group O-negative (O−O^-) lack A, B, and Rh (D) antigens, meaning they do not trigger immune destruction when transfused into any recipient regardless of their ABO/Rh type, making O−O^- the universal donor.
O-नेगेटिव (O−O^-) रक्त समूह को 'सर्वदाता' (Universal donor) कहा जाता है क्योंकि इसकी लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं पर A, B या Rh एंटीजन नहीं होते, जिससे यह किसी भी व्यक्ति को दिया जा सकता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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405📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsHydroplaning Mechanics & Friction Loss
When a vehicle traveling on wet road at high speed and a thin film of water gets between the tire and the road surface, resulting
Explanation
This dangerous phenomenon is known as 'hydroplaning' (aquaplaning). Dynamic water pressure wedges beneath the tyre tread faster than the sipes can evacuate it, lifting the tyre completely off the pavement. As frictional contact drops to near zero, it drastically decreases traction, steering response, and braking control.
गीली सड़क पर तेज गति से चलने पर जब टायर और सड़क के बीच पानी की पतली परत आ जाती है (हाइड्रोप्लेनिंग/एक्वाप्लेनिंग), तो सड़क से टायर का संपर्क टूट जाता है जिससे 'कर्षण और नियंत्रण कम हो जाता है' (Decreases Traction and control)। सही विकल्प D है।
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406📚Difficult Driving Conditions & Vehicle DynamicsVehicle Towing Mechanics & Force Vectors
Which among the following force exerted on the cable, when a car towing another car by using a cable
Explanation
A flexible towing line, chain, or cable can only transmit forces along its length in the direction of pulling. When a lead vehicle pulls a disabled vehicle, the internal pulling force exerted throughout the cable is known as 'Tension force'.
जब किसी केबल द्वारा एक कार को दूसरी कार से टो (खींचा) किया जाता है, तो केबल पर लगने वाला खिंचाव बल 'तनाव बल' (Tension force) कहलाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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407📚Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsPrepress File Formats & ISO 32000
Another name for Formal open standard known as ISO 32000
Explanation
ISO 32000 is the official International Organization for Standardization specification for PDF (Portable Document Format). In 2008, ISO 32000-1 released PDF 1.7 as an open, vendor-neutral international standard.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानक संगठन द्वारा ISO 32000 को आधिकारिक रूप से 'PDF' (Portable Document Format) के ओपन स्टैंडर्ड के रूप में जाना जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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408📚Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsHistory of Printing: Gutenberg
Who is known as the father of modern printing?
Explanation
German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz is universally acclaimed as the 'Father of Modern Printing'. Around 1440–1450, he invented the mechanical movable metal type system, adjustable hand casting mold, oil-based printing ink, and the wooden screw printing press, publishing the Gutenberg Bible in 1455.
जर्मनी के जोहान गुटेनबर्ग (Johann Gutenberg) को धातु के मूवेबल टाइप और प्रिंटिंग प्रेस के आविष्कार के लिए 'आधुनिक मुद्रण का जनक' माना जाता है। सही विकल्प A है।
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409📚Printing Processes, Typography & Prepress FundamentalsSpecialty Printing Techniques: Fake Color
In colour printing, a one colour reproduction printed on a coloured sheet is known as
Explanation
In printing terminology, printing a single ink color (such as black or deep blue) on a pre-tinted colored paper stock to simulate the appearance of a two-color job at minimal expense is traditionally designated as 'Fake colour' (or fake duotone).
रंगीन कागज़ पर केवल एक ही रंग की स्याही से छपाई करके बहुरंगी प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने की प्रक्रिया को 'फेक कलर' (Fake colour) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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410📚Human Anatomy, Physiology & Biosafety ManagementEndocrine Physiology: Calcitonin
Which hormone is secreted by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland?
Explanation
The parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) scattered in the connective tissue between thyroid follicles secrete Calcitonin. Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that decreases plasma calcium concentrations by inhibiting osteoclast bone resorption.
थायरॉयड ग्रंथि की पैराफॉलिक्युलर (C) कोशिकाओं द्वारा 'कैल्सीटोनिन' (Calcitonin) हार्मोन का स्राव होता है, जो रक्त में कैल्शियम के स्तर को कम करने में मदद करता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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411📚Human Anatomy, Physiology & Biosafety ManagementArthrology: Hip Joint Ligaments
Which ligament is recognized as the strongest in the human body due to its role in stabilizing the hip joint?
Explanation
The Iliofemoral ligament (also known as the ligament of Bigelow or Y-ligament of the hip) is the strongest ligament in the human body, boasting a tensile strength of over 350 kg. Located on the anterior aspect of the hip joint capsule, it prevents excessive hyperextension of the hip while maintaining erect posture.
मानव शरीर का सबसे मजबूत स्नायु (Ligament) 'इलियोफेमोरल लिगामेंट' (Iliofemoral ligament / बिगेलो का लिगामेंट) है, जो कूल्हे के जोड़ को स्थिरता प्रदान करता है और अत्यधिक हाइपरएक्सटेंशन को रोकता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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412📚Mycology & Fungal PathogenesisClinical Ocular Mycoses: Keratomycosis
Fungal invasion of the corneal tissue resulting in ocular infection is referred to as:
Explanation
Fungal infection of the cornea is clinically known as 'Keratomycosis' (or fungal keratitis), frequently caused by Fusarium, Aspergillus, or Candida following vegetative ocular trauma. (Otomycosis affects the external ear canal; Mycetoma affects subcutaneous tissue).
कॉर्नियल ऊतक के फंगल संक्रमण को चिकित्सकीय रूप से 'केराटोमाइकोसिस' (Keratomycosis / फंगल केराटाइटिस) कहा जाता है। सही विकल्प B है।
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413📚Virology, Medical Parasitology & EntomologyPlasmodium Life Cycle & Vector Transmission
Which P. falciparum stage is transmitted to mosquitoes?
Explanation
The sexual erythrocytic stages known as gametocytes (crescent- or banana-shaped microgametocytes and macrogametocytes in P. falciparum) are ingested by female Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal. Inside the mosquito gut, gametocytes exflagellate, fertilize, and initiate the sporogonic cycle that produces infectious sporozoites.
प्लाज्मोडियम फाल्सीपेरम का 'गैमेटोसाइट' (Gametocyte - युग्मकजनक) चरण मादा एनोफिलीज़ मच्छर द्वारा रक्त चूसने के दौरान मच्छर में स्थानांतरित होता है। सही विकल्प C है।
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414📚Bioinformatics, Genomics & Computational BiologyComputer Science & Operating Systems: CPU Scheduling
Which scheduling algorithm guarantees the shortest average waiting time for processes?
Explanation
Shortest Job Next (SJN), also known as Shortest Job First (SJF), is mathematically optimal in guaranteeing the minimum average waiting time for any given set of stationary processes in CPU scheduling, because executing the shortest task first minimizes the waiting time of all subsequent queued tasks.
'शॉर्टेस्ट जॉब नेक्स्ट' (Shortest Job Next / SJN या SJF) शेड्यूलिंग एल्गोरिदम प्रक्रियाओं के लिए सबसे कम औसत प्रतीक्षा समय (Shortest average waiting time) की गारंटी देता है, क्योंकि छोटे कार्य पहले निष्पादित होते हैं। सही विकल्प C है।
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415🔬General ScienceFood Technology & Preservation
HPP is a:
Explanation
High Pressure Processing (HPP), also known as pascalization or cold pasteurization, is a non-thermal food preservation technology where foods are subjected to extreme isostatic pressures (typically 300 to 600 MPa) without elevated temperatures.
एचपीपी (High Pressure Processing - HPP) एक गैर-थर्मल (non-thermal) प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें उच्च हाइड्रोस्टैटिक दबाव (300-600 MPa) का उपयोग बिना गर्मी दिए भोजन को संरक्षित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
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416🔬General ScienceCivil Engineering & Drafting
The instrument station in total station is known as:
Explanation
In total station and digital theodolite surveying, the physical survey station over which the instrument is centered, leveled, and setup is formally termed the 'Occupied station'.
टोटल स्टेशन सर्वेक्षण में जिस स्टेशन पर उपकरण को स्थापित और केंद्रित किया जाता है, उसे ऑक्युपाइड स्टेशन (Occupied station) कहा जाता है।
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417🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
The binomial system of nomenclature was proposed by:
Explanation
Carl Linnaeus (Carolus Linnaeus), known as the father of modern taxonomy, introduced the formal binomial system of nomenclature in his seminal work Species Plantarum (1753) and Systema Naturae (1758).
द्विपद नामकरण प्रणाली (Binomial system of nomenclature) का प्रतिपादन कार्ल लिनिअस (Carl Linnaeus) ने किया था।
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418🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
Which organelle is known as powerhouse of cell?
Explanation
Mitochondria are universally designated as the 'powerhouses of the cell' because they generate the bulk of cellular chemical energy in the form of ATP via aerobic cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
माइटोकॉन्ड्रिया (Mitochondria) को कोशिका का पावरहाउस (ऊर्जा घर) कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह ऑक्सीडेटिव फॉस्फोराइलेशन द्वारा एटीपी (ATP) का उत्पादन करता है।
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419🔬General ScienceAgriculture & Plant Protection
The term 'mycosis' refers to:
Explanation
The term 'mycosis' refers to any disease or infection caused by a fungal pathogen in plants, animals, or humans. Fungal study is known as mycology.
'माइकोसिस' (Mycosis) शब्द कवक द्वारा होने वाले संक्रमण या कवक जनित रोग (Fungal disease) को संदर्भित करता है, जबकि कवक के अध्ययन को माइकोलॉजी कहते हैं।
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420🔬General ScienceSericulture & Mulberry Cultivation
Identify the variety of mulberry
A) Akshaya
B) CR1009
C) Kanva-2
D) Karuna
Explanation
Kanva-2 (also known as M-5) is a renowned high-yielding mulberry variety selected from open-pollinated seedlings of Morus indica in Karnataka.
कण्व-2 (Kanva-2 / M-5) शहतूत (Morus indica) की एक प्रसिद्ध और व्यापक रूप से उगाई जाने वाली उच्च उपज वाली किस्म है।
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421🔬General ScienceSericulture & Mulberry Cultivation
The weight of the silk obtained from the cocoon compared to the weight of entire cocoon is
A) Filament percentage
B) Raw silk percentage
C) Defect percentage
D) Perfect percentage
Explanation
Raw silk percentage (also known as renditta inverse or raw silk recovery) is defined as the weight of raw silk obtained from reeling a lot of fresh or dried cocoons expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the cocoons reeled: (Weight of raw silk / Weight of cocoons) x 100.
कोकून से प्राप्त कच्चे रेशम के वजन का पूरे कोकून के कुल वजन के साथ अनुपात 'रॉ सिल्क प्रतिशत' (Raw silk percentage) कहलाता है: (कच्चे रेशम का भार / कोकून का कुल भार) x 100।
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422🔬General ScienceSericulture & Mulberry Cultivation
Silkworm harvesting method ______ involves shaking of the mulberry shoots containing matured silkworms over a plastic sheet
A) Jauhar method
B) Jobrai method
C) Jugal method
D) Juvenile method
Explanation
The Jobrai method (also known as the Japanese shaking method) is an efficient harvesting method in shoot-reared silkworms where mulberry shoot branches carrying mature, ripe silkworms ready for cocooning are vigorously shaken over a plastic sheet or tarpaulin to dislodge and collect them rapidly for mounting.
परिपक्व रेशमकीटों को कोकून बनाने हेतु एकत्र करने के लिए जब शहतूत की टहनियों को प्लास्टिक शीट के ऊपर हिलाकर/झकझोर कर कीड़ों को गिराया जाता है, तो इस विधि को 'जोबराई विधि' (Jobrai method) कहा जाता है।
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423📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsFlora, Fauna & Protected Areas of J&K
Match the following Pairs:
Wildlife Sanctuary in J & K
i) Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary
ii) Rajparian (Daksum) Wildlife Sanctuary
iii) Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary

Location & Major Attractions
1) Anantnag district of Kashmir; Hangul (Kashmir Stag), Musk deer.
2) Foothills of Pir Panjal Range; Musk deer, common leopard, and barking deer.
3) Near Jammu, Known for its pheasant population.

Choose the correct option:
A) i-2, ii-3, iii-1
B) i-3, ii-2, iii-1
C) i-3, ii-1, iii-2
D) i-1, ii-2, iii-3
Explanation
Correct matching: i) Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Jammu and is renowned for its rich pheasant bird population and rhesus macaques (3); ii) Rajparian (Daksum) Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in Anantnag district, Kashmir, harboring Hangul and musk deer (1); iii) Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the Pir Panjal range in Baramulla, home to musk deer, leopard, and brown bear (2). Hence, i-3, ii-1, iii-2 (Option C) is correct.
सही मिलान: नंदिनी वन्यजीव अभयारण्य - जम्मू के पास, तीतर (pheasants) के लिए प्रसिद्ध (3); राजपरियन (डकसुम) अभयारण्य - अनंतनाग जिला, कश्मीर, हंगुल व कस्तूरी मृग (1); गुलमर्ग वन्यजीव अभयारण्य - पीर पंजाल श्रृंखला की तलहटी (2)। अतः विकल्प C (i-3, ii-1, iii-2) सही है।
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424📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsRivers and Drainage System of J&K
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Tawi River?
i. The Tawi River flows through the Jammu region in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
ii. The length of the Tawi River is 295 km.
iii. The Tawi is a major left-bank tributary of the Chenab River.
iv. It originates from the Kailash Kund glacier (also known as Kali Kund) in Bhaderwah, which lies in Doda district.
A) Only i and ii
B) Only i and iv
C) Only i, iii and iv
D) All of the above
Explanation
The Tawi River originates from the lap of Kailash Kund glacier (Kali Kund) in Bhaderwah (iv), flows through Doda, Udhampur, and Jammu districts (i), and joins the Chenab River as a major left-bank tributary in Pakistan (iii). Its total length is approximately 141 km (not 295 km), making statement ii incorrect. Hence, Only i, iii and iv (Option C) is correct.
तवी नदी भद्रवाह के कैलाश कुंड ग्लेशियर (काली कुंड) से निकलती है (iv), जम्मू क्षेत्र से होकर बहती है (i), और चिनाब नदी की एक प्रमुख बाएं किनारे की सहायक नदी है (iii)। तवी नदी की कुल लंबाई लगभग 141 किमी है (295 किमी नहीं)। अतः कथन i, iii और iv (विकल्प C) सही हैं।
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425📚Computer Science & Information TechnologyComputer Science & IT
In MS Word, a character that is raised and smaller above the baseline is known as:
A) Outlined
B) Raised
C) Superscript
D) Subscript
Explanation
A character formatted as superscript is positioned slightly above the normal text baseline and rendered in a smaller font size (e.g., x² or 1st). Subscript is placed below the baseline (e.g., H₂O).
MS Word में सामान्य टेक्स्ट बेसलाइन के ऊपर छोटे आकार में लिखे गए अक्षर को सुपरस्क्रिप्ट (Superscript, जैसे x²) कहा जाता है।
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426📚Computer Science & Information TechnologyComputer Science & IT
In a web browser, which of the following is responsible for displaying the web pages?
A) Server
B) Rendering engine
C) Cache
D) Address Bar
Explanation
The browser's rendering engine (also known as layout engine, such as Blink, WebKit, or Gecko) is the core software component that parses HTML, CSS, and DOM trees and paints the visual representation of web pages onto the screen.
वेब ब्राउज़र में रेंडरिंग इंजन (Rendering Engine, जैसे Blink या WebKit) HTML और CSS को प्रोसेस करके वेब पेजों को स्क्रीन पर प्रदर्शित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार होता है।
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427📚Civil & Environmental EngineeringCivil & Transportation Engineering
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: The main components of a highway on embankments are: Embankment or fill, Subgrade, Drainage layer, Shoulders, and Pavement layers.
Statement 2: Corrugations is longitudinal deformation or depression of the pavement surface along the wheel paths of heavy vehicles.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect
B) Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect
C) Statement 1 and 2 are correct
D) Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because highway embankment structures comprise the embankment fill, subgrade, subbase/drainage layer, shoulders, and base/surfacing layers. Statement 2 is incorrect because longitudinal depression along the wheel paths is known as 'Rutting'; 'Corrugations' (or washboarding) refer to transverse ripples / wave-like undulations across the pavement surface. Hence, Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect.
कथन 1 सही है क्योंकि तटबंध पर राजमार्ग के मुख्य घटक भराव, सबग्रेड, जल निकासी परत, कंधे और फुटपाथ परतें हैं। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि भारी वाहनों के पहियों के पथ के साथ अनुदैर्ध्य गड्ढे को 'रटिंग' (Rutting) कहा जाता है, जबकि लहरदार अनुप्रस्थ उभार को कोरूगेशन (Corrugations) कहते हैं। अतः कथन 1 सही और 2 गलत है।
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428📚Mechanical EngineeringThermodynamics & Thermal Power
Any transfer of energy to a system by virtue of temperature difference is known as:
A) Turbine
B) Supply
C) Heat
D) Moment of Inertia
Explanation
By thermodynamic definition, Heat (Q) is transient energy in transit across the boundary of a thermodynamic system solely driven by a difference in temperature between the system and its surroundings.
ऊष्मागतिकी के अनुसार, केवल तापमान के अंतर (Temperature difference) के कारण किसी प्रणाली में या उससे बाहर स्थानांतरित होने वाली ऊर्जा को ऊष्मा (Heat) कहा जाता है।
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429📚Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering & Machine Design
Consider the following statements:
Statement 1: The efficiency of a screw jack may be defined as the product of ideal effort and the deviations from the actual effort.
Statement 2: The collar bearings are also known as thrust bearing.
Choose the correct option:
A) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect
B) Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect
C) Statement 1 and 2 are correct
D) Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: the efficiency of a screw jack is defined as the ratio of ideal effort (P0 without friction) to actual effort (P with friction), η = P0 / P, not a product. Statement 2 is correct: collar bearings support axial loads and are commonly known as thrust bearings. Hence, Statement 2 is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect.
कथन 1 गलत है: स्क्रू जैक की दक्षता आदर्श प्रयास और वास्तविक प्रयास का अनुपात (η = P0/P) होती है, गुणनफल नहीं। कथन 2 सही है: कॉलर बेयरिंग अक्षीय भार वहन करती है और इसे थ्रस्ट बेयरिंग (Thrust bearing) भी कहा जाता है। अतः कथन 2 सही और कथन 1 गलत है।
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430📚Mechanical & Civil EngineeringFluid Mechanics
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List - I (Properties of fluid):
1. Surface tension
2. Viscosity
3. Dynamic Viscosity
List - II:
i. is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
ii. also known as absolute viscosity
iii. is more relevant in phenomena such as capillary action, droplet formation
Choose the correct option:
A) (1) - ii, (2) - iii, (3) - i
B) (1) - iii, (2) - i, (3) - ii
C) (1) - i, (2) - iii, (3) - ii
D) (1) - iii, (2) - ii, (3) - i
Explanation
1. Surface tension: governs capillary action and droplet formation -> (1)-iii; 2. Viscosity: measure of a fluid's internal friction / resistance to flow -> (2)-i; 3. Dynamic viscosity: also known as absolute viscosity (μ) -> (3)-ii. Hence, (1)-iii, (2)-i, (3)-ii.
1. पृष्ठ तनाव (Surface tension) = iii (केशिकत्व और बूंद निर्माण); 2. श्यानता (Viscosity) = i (प्रवाह के प्रतिरोध का माप); 3. गतिशील श्यानता (Dynamic Viscosity) = ii (परम श्यानता - Absolute viscosity)। सही मिलान (1)-iii, (2)-i, (3)-ii है।
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431📚Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing & Machine Tools
What is the number of jaws in self-centred chuck?
A) 1 jaw
B) 2 jaws
C) 3 jaws
D) 4 jaws
Explanation
A self-centering lathe chuck (also known as a universal chuck or scroll chuck) typically contains 3 jaws that move radially in unison when turned by a single pinion key, automatically centering cylindrical workpieces.
लेथ मशीन के सेल्फ-सेंटरिंग चक (यूनिवर्सल चक) में जबड़ों (Jaws) की संख्या 3 होती है। इसके तीनों जबड़े एक साथ स्क्रोल मैकेनिज्म द्वारा गति करते हैं और गोल कार्यखंड को स्वतः केंद्र में लाते हैं।
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432📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsSports Awards & Honours
The "Pierre de Coubertin Medal" is awarded for the excellence in which field?
A) Painting
B) Sports
C) Music
D) Economics
Explanation
The Pierre de Coubertin Medal (also known as the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is a prestigious award presented by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to athletes who demonstrate extraordinary sportsmanship or exceptional service to the Olympic movement.
'पियरे डी कूपर्टिन पदक' (Pierre de Coubertin Medal) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ओलंपिक समिति (IOC) द्वारा खेल (Sports) के क्षेत्र में असाधारण खेल भावना (Sportsmanship) और ओलंपिक आंदोलन के प्रति उत्कृष्ट सेवा के लिए दिया जाता है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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433📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsGeography & Tourism of Jammu & Kashmir
The north India's largest zoo 'Jamboo Zoo' is situated in
A) Udhampur
B) Srinagar
C) Pahalgam
D) Nagrota
Explanation
North India's largest zoological park, the Jamboo Zoo, named after King Jambu Lochan, is situated in Nagrota (Khanpur), Jammu, along the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway.
उत्तर भारत का सबसे बड़ा चिड़ियाघर 'जाम्बू चिड़ियाघर' (Jamboo Zoo), जिसका नाम राजा जाम्बू लोचन के नाम पर रखा गया है, जम्मू के नगरोटा (खानपुर) में स्थित है। इसका उद्घाटन 2023 में किया गया था। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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434📚General EnglishCloze Test & Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following sentence by choosing the right option.
Kashmir is my favourite holiday ________ in India. I had gone with my family last summer. Gulmarg is a ________ to the eyes with a spread of ________ flowers against snow-capped mountains as ________
A) destination, sight, beautiful, paintings
B) place, delight, wonderful, border
C) spot, sight, beautiful, premise
D) destination, treat, vibrant, backgrounds
Explanation
Fitting the words into context:
- 'favourite holiday destination'
- 'Gulmarg is a treat to the eyes'
- 'spread of vibrant flowers'
- 'against snow-capped mountains as backgrounds'
This completes the passage naturally and idiomatically.
संदर्भ के अनुसार सबसे उपयुक्त शब्द समूह:
- 'favourite holiday destination' (पसंदीदा अवकाश गंतव्य)
- 'a treat to the eyes' (आंखों को सुकून देने वाला)
- 'spread of vibrant flowers' (जीवंत रंग-बिरंगे फूलों का फैलाव)
- 'as backgrounds' (पृष्ठभूमि के रूप में)
अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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435📚General EnglishReading Comprehension
If you wish to be a writer, you must learn to develop your own point of view. All good writers make us see things in a different light. You may be writing about the same thing as your classmates, but your presentation must reflect your personality and individuality.
Question: The most important thing about being a writer is that-
A) You must have a pen and paper
B) You must have a degree in writing
C) You must write in different light
D) You must develop your own view point
Explanation
The passage begins by explicitly stating: 'If you wish to be a writer, you must learn to develop your own point of view.' Hence, developing your own viewpoint is the most important requirement highlighted.
गद्यांश की पहली पंक्ति में स्पष्ट कहा गया है: 'यदि आप एक लेखक बनना चाहते हैं, तो आपको अपना दृष्टिकोण विकसित करना सीखना होगा (develop your own point of view)'। अतः सही विकल्प D है।
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436📚Quantitative AptitudeGeometry (Triangles)
Which theorem states that the sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°?
A) Pythagoras Theorem
B) Angle Sum Property
C) Isosceles Triangle Theorem
D) Midpoint Theorem
Explanation
In Euclidean geometry, the theorem that states the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always equal to 180° is known as the 'Angle Sum Property' of a triangle.
यूक्लिडीय ज्यामिति में, वह प्रमेय जो यह बताता है कि किसी त्रिभुज के तीनों आंतरिक कोणों का योग सदैव 180° होता है, 'कोण योग गुणधर्म' (Angle Sum Property) कहलाता है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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437📚General Awareness & ScienceSocio-Religious Movements
Who is known as the 'Father of Indian Renaissance'?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Swami Vivekananda
D) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is celebrated as the 'Father of the Indian Renaissance' and the 'Maker of Modern India' for his pioneering socio-religious reform movements, foundation of the Brahmo Samaj (1828), and successful campaign against Sati (banned in 1829).
राजा राम मोहन राय को सामाजिक-धार्मिक सुधारों, 1828 में ब्रह्म समाज की स्थापना और 1829 में सती प्रथा उन्मूलन के अग्रणी प्रयासों के कारण 'भारतीय पुनर्जागरण का जनक' (Father of Indian Renaissance) कहा जाता है। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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438📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Heritage & Art Architecture
The famous Sun Temple of Konark is located in which state?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Odisha
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Karnataka
Explanation
The 13th-century Konark Sun Temple (also known as the Black Pagoda), built by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, is situated in Puri district of Odisha and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
कोणार्क का प्रसिद्ध सूर्य मंदिर (ब्लैक पैगोडा), जिसे 13वीं शताब्दी में पूर्वी गंग वंश के राजा नरसिंहदेव प्रथम ने बनवाया था, ओडिशा के पुरी जिले में स्थित है और यह यूनेस्को विश्व धरोहर स्थल है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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439📚General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History & Constitutional Acts
The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as
A) Morley-Minto Reforms
B) Government of India Act
C) Rowlatt Act
D) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Explanation
The Indian Councils Act 1909 is widely known as the Morley-Minto Reforms after John Morley (Secretary of State for India) and Lord Minto (Viceroy of India). It introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
भारतीय परिषद अधिनियम 1909 को 'मार्ले-मिंटो सुधार' (Morley-Minto Reforms) के नाम से जाना जाता है। इसने मुसलमानों के लिए अलग निर्वाचन क्षेत्र (Separate Electorates) की शुरुआत की। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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440📚General Awareness & ScienceIndian Geography - Rivers
Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' due to its frequent floods?
A) Ganga
B) Kosi
C) Yamuna
D) Gandak
Explanation
The Kosi River is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its rapid course changes and catastrophic seasonal floods that cause widespread destruction across northern Bihar.
कोसी नदी अपने मार्ग परिवर्तन और भारी बाढ़ से होने वाले विनाश के कारण 'बिहार का शोक' (Sorrow of Bihar) कहलाती है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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441📚General Awareness & ScienceBasic Chemistry
What is the chemical formula of table salt?
A) NaCl
B) KCl
C) CaCl2
D) Na2CO3
Explanation
Common table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, represented by the chemical formula NaCl.
साधारण नमक (Table salt) का रासायनिक नाम सोडियम क्लोराइड है तथा इसका रासायनिक सूत्र NaCl है। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
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442📚General Awareness & ScienceSolar System & Astronomy
Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?
A) Venus
B) Mars
C) Mercury
D) Earth
Explanation
Mars is known as the 'Red Planet' due to the widespread presence of iron oxide (rust) on its surface, which gives it a reddish appearance.
मंगल ग्रह (Mars) की सतह पर प्रचुर मात्रा में आयरन ऑक्साइड (जंग) मौजूद होने के कारण यह लाल रंग का दिखाई देता है, इसलिए इसे 'लाल ग्रह' (Red Planet) कहा जाता है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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443📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KMountain Passes of J&K
Which of the following passes connects Leh with the Kashmir Valley?
A) Banihal Pass
B) Rohtang Pass
C) Zoji La Pass
D) Khardung La
Explanation
Zoji La Pass (3,528 m) on National Highway 1 (NH-1) connects the Kashmir Valley (via Sonamarg/Ganderbal) with Dras, Kargil, and Leh in Ladakh.
ज़ोजिला दर्रा (Zoji La Pass - 3,528 मीटर) राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग-1 पर स्थित है और यह कश्मीर घाटी (सोनमर्ग) को लद्दाख के द्रास, करगिल और लेह से जोड़ता है। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
2025JKSSB
444📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KRivers and Springs of J&K
The famous Verinag Spring, source of the Jhelum River, is located in which district?
A) Rajouri
B) Pulwama
C) Anantnag
D) Poonch
Explanation
Verinag Spring, the historical source of the river Jhelum (known as Vyeth in Kashmiri), is situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal range in Anantnag district of South Kashmir. It was enclosed in an octagonal basin by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
वेरीनाग जलस्रोत (Verinag Spring), जो झेलम नदी का उद्गम स्थल है, दक्षिण कश्मीर के अनंतनाग (Anantnag) जिले में पीर पंजाल की तलहटी में स्थित है। इसके चारों ओर अष्टकोणीय कुंड का निर्माण मुगल सम्राट जहाँगीर ने करवाया था। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
2025JKSSB
445📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KTourism & Destinations in J&K
Gulmarg, a famous hill station and ski resort, is located in which district?
A) Kupwara
B) Baramulla
C) Srinagar
D) Ganderbal
Explanation
Gulmarg ('Meadow of Flowers'), world-famous for its alpine ski slopes and the Gulmarg Gondola, is situated in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir at an altitude of approximately 2,650 meters.
प्रसिद्ध हिल स्टेशन और स्की रिसॉर्ट गुलमर्ग ('फूलों का मैदान') जम्मू-कश्मीर के बारामूला (Baramulla) जिले में लगभग 2,650 मीटर की ऊंचाई पर स्थित है। यहाँ विश्व प्रसिद्ध गुलमर्ग गोंडोला स्थित है। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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446📚General Knowledge with special reference to UT of J&KRivers and Drainage System of J&K
The Lidder River is a tributary of which main river?
A) Jhelum
B) Chenab
C) Indus
D) Ravi
Explanation
The Lidder River originates from the Kolahoi Glacier near Pahalgam in Anantnag district and flows through the Lidder Valley before meeting the Jhelum River near Mirgund (Khanabal).
लिद्दर नदी (Lidder River) पहलगाम के पास कोलाहोई ग्लेशियर से निकलती है और अनंतनाग के निकट मीरगुंड (खानाबल) में झेलम नदी (Jhelum) में मिल जाती है। अतः यह झेलम की प्रमुख सहायक नदी है। अतः विकल्प A सही है।
2025JKSSB
447📚Civil EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering & Construction - Trench Excavation
When the depth of trench exceeds 1.5 to 2 m, and when excavation is made with sides vertical, it becomes necessary to support the side by sheeting and bracing. This operation is known as
A) shafts of trench
B) electro-osmosis
C) boning of trench
D) timbering of trench
Explanation
Supporting the vertical sides of deep excavated trenches (depths > 1.5 m) using timber or steel sheeting, walings, struts, and bracing to prevent soil collapse is termed 'timbering of trenches' (also known as shoring or trench sheeting).
जब खाई की गहराई 1.5 से 2 मीटर से अधिक हो जाती है और किनारे सीधे लंबवत खोदे जाते हैं, तो मिट्टी को ढहने से रोकने के लिए लकड़ी के तख्तों, बल्लियों और टेक (sheeting and bracing) द्वारा किनारों को सहारा दिया जाता है। इस क्रिया को 'खाई की टिम्बरिंग' (Timbering of trench / Shoring) कहा जाता है। अतः विकल्प D सही है।
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448📚Civil EngineeringConcrete Technology - Compaction and Defects
Inadequate compaction during concrete casting results in
A) Segregation
B) Rutting
C) Bleeding
D) Honey combing
Explanation
Insufficient or inadequate compaction leaves large entrapped air voids and pockets between coarse aggregate particles where cement paste fails to penetrate, creating a porous, hollow appearance known as 'honey combing' on the concrete surface.
कंक्रीट डालते समय अपर्याप्त संघनन (Inadequate compaction) के कारण बड़े हवा के बुलबुले और रिक्तियां अंदर रह जाती हैं, जिससे कंक्रीट में मधुमक्खी के छत्ते जैसी खोखली संरचना बन जाती है जिसे हनीकॉम्बिंग (Honey combing) कहा जाता है। अतः विकल्प D सही उत्तर है।
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449📚Civil EngineeringGeotechnical Engineering - Atterberg Limits
The minimum water content at which the soil just begins to crumble when rolled into threads of 3 mm in diameter, is known as
A) Liquid limit
B) Plastic limit
C) Shrinkage limit
D) Permeability limit
Explanation
The Plastic Limit (PL or w_p) of a soil is defined as the minimum moisture content at which the soil can be rolled into threads of 3 mm diameter without crumbling, transitioning from the plastic state to the semi-solid state.
वह न्यूनतम जल अंश (Water content) जिस पर मिट्टी को 3 मिमी व्यास के धागों में बेलने पर वह बिखरना या टूटना (crumble) शुरू कर देती है, सुघट्यता सीमा (Plastic limit) कहलाती है। अतः विकल्प B सही उत्तर है।
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450📚Civil EngineeringFluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Force & Centre of Pressure
The point in the immersed body through which the resultant of the total pressure of the liquid be taken to act is known as
A) Metacenter
B) Centre of gravity
C) Centre of buoyancy
D) Centre of pressure
Explanation
The Center of Pressure is defined as the point on an immersed surface through which the resultant total hydrostatic pressure force acts. (Centre of buoyancy is the centroid of the displaced volume of liquid).
निमज्जित (डूबी हुई) सतह पर वह बिंदु जिससे होकर तरल का कुल परिणामी द्रवस्थैतिक दाब बल कार्य करता है, दाब केंद्र (Centre of pressure) कहलाता है। अतः विकल्प D सही उत्तर है।
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451📚Civil EngineeringHighway Engineering - Hill Road Structures
The wall which are necessary on the hill side of roadway where natural earth has to be retained from sliding is known as
A) Retaining wall
B) Breast wall
C) Parapet wall
D) Cavity wall
Explanation
On hill roads: A Breast Wall is constructed on the cut/hill side of the roadway to protect and retain the natural cut hill slope from sliding and erosion. (A Retaining Wall is constructed on the valley side to retain the roadway embankment fill).
पहाड़ी सड़कों में पहाड़ी की ओर (hill side) प्राकृतिक मिट्टी की ढलान को खिसकने और गिरने से रोकने के लिए बनाई जाने वाली दीवार को ब्रेस्ट वॉल (Breast wall) कहा जाता है। (घाटी की ओर सड़क के भराव को रोकने के लिए बनाई जाने वाली दीवार रिटेनिंग वॉल कहलाती है)। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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452📚Civil EngineeringRailway Engineering - Defects in Rails
The slipping of driving wheels of locomotives on the rail surface causes,
A) Wheel burns
B) Hogging of rail
C) Corrugation of rail
D) Buckling of rail
Explanation
When locomotive driving wheels slip or spin in place upon starting on a steep grade or slippery rail head, extreme friction heat melts and tears the top surface of the rail steel, creating severe localized indentations known as 'wheel burns' (or engine burns).
जब लोकोमोटिव के पहिये पटरी की सतह पर एक ही जगह फिसलते या घूमते हैं (Slipping of wheels), तो अत्यधिक घर्षण ऊष्मा के कारण रेल की सतह झुलस या जल जाती है और गड्ढे बन जाते हैं, जिसे 'व्हील बर्न्स' (Wheel burns) कहा जाता है। अतः विकल्प A सही उत्तर है।
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453📚Civil EngineeringEstimating and Costing - Contracts and Tenders
While submitting a tender the contractor is required to deposit some amount with the department, as guarantee of the tender, known as
A) Bank guarantee
B) Caution money
C) Security deposit
D) Earnest money
Explanation
Earnest Money Deposit (EMD, usually 1% to 2% of the estimated cost) is the monetary deposit required from contractors when submitting tenders to guarantee that the bidder is serious and will not back out of the bid if awarded. (Security deposit is deducted later from bills as performance security).
निविदा (टेंडर) जमा करते समय ठेकेदार द्वारा विभाग में गारंटी के रूप में जमा की जाने वाली अग्रिम राशि को बयाना राशि या अर्नेस्ट मनी (Earnest money deposit - EMD) कहा जाता है। (सुरक्षा जमा/सिक्योरिटी डिपॉजिट काम मिलने के बाद लिया जाता है)। अतः विकल्प D सही उत्तर है।
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454📚Civil EngineeringEstimating, Costing & Valuation - Valuation Terms
Estimated value of a built up property at the end of its useful life without being dismantled is known as,
A) Scrap value
B) Salvage Value
C) Market value
D) Book value
Explanation
Salvage Value is the estimated value of a property/utility at the end of its useful life period without being dismantled into pieces. In contrast, Scrap Value (junk value) is the value realized when the structure is completely demolished/dismantled and sold as scrap materials.
किसी संपत्ति के उपयोगी जीवनकाल के अंत में बिना तोड़े या नष्ट किए (without being dismantled) उसकी अनुमानित कीमत को निस्तारण मूल्य (Salvage Value) कहा जाता है। यदि संरचना को तोड़कर कबाड़ के रूप में बेचा जाए तो उसे स्क्रैप वैल्यू (Scrap value) कहते हैं। अतः विकल्प B सही है।
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455📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical Machines - Magnetic Axes in DC Machines
In DC machines, the field-flux axis and armature-mmf axis are, respectively, along
A) Direct axis and indirect axis
B) Direct axis and inter-polar axis
C) Quadrature axis and direct axis
D) Quadrature axis and inter-polar axis
Explanation
In DC machines, the main field poles produce a magnetic flux aligned along the centerline of the pole cores, which is designated as the Direct axis (d-axis). The cross-magnetizing armature magnetomotive force (mmf) acts along the axis electrically perpendicular to the direct axis (at 90 electrical degrees), which coincides with the geometric interpolar space and interpolar poles, known as the inter-polar axis (or Quadrature axis). Thus, they are along the Direct axis and inter-polar axis, respectively.
DC मशीनों में, मुख्य क्षेत्र पोल्स का चुंबकीय प्रवाह मुख्य ध्रुव के केंद्र से होकर गुजरता है, जिसे डायरेक्ट अक्ष (Direct axis / d-axis) कहा जाता है। जबकि आर्मेचर रिएक्शन का mmf मुख्य अक्ष से 90° विद्युत कोण पर ध्रुवों के बीच के स्थान (Interpolar space) की ओर कार्य करता है, जिसे इंटर-पोलर अक्ष (Inter-polar axis / q-axis) कहा जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प B (Direct axis and inter-polar axis) है।
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456📚Electrical EngineeringElectrical Machines - Alternator Voltage Regulation
Which of the following methods gives a higher-than-actual value of voltage regulation in an alternator?
A) ZPF method
B) MMF method
C) EMF method
D) ASA method
Explanation
The EMF method (Synchronous Impedance method) assumes that magnetic saturation is absent and uses unsaturated synchronous reactance XsX_s, which treats armature reaction entirely as an equivalent leakage reactance voltage drop. Because the actual core saturates under loaded conditions, the calculated open-circuit voltage E0E_0 and corresponding voltage regulation are significantly higher than the actual value. Hence, the EMF method is also known as the 'Pessimistic method'.
प्रत्यावर्तक (Alternator) में वोल्टेज रेगुलेशन ज्ञात करने की EMF विधि (सिंक्रोनस इम्पीडेंस विधि) में कोर के संतृप्ति (Saturation) प्रभाव की उपेक्षा की जाती है, जिसके कारण गणना किया गया वोल्टेज रेगुलेशन वास्तविक मान से काफी अधिक (higher-than-actual) प्राप्त होता है। इसलिए इसे 'निराशावादी विधि' (Pessimistic method) भी कहा जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
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457📚Electrical EngineeringPower Systems - Hydropower Engineering & Hydrology
With reference to a hydropower station, the graphical representation of the discharge as a function of time is known as:
A) Monograph
B) Load duration curve
C) Hydrograph
D) Waterfilling curve
Explanation
A Hydrograph is the fundamental graphical plot showing stream discharge / river water flow rate (QQ in m3/s\text{m}^3/\text{s}) as a function of chronological time (hours, days, or months). In contrast, a Flow Duration Curve sorts discharges in descending order, and a Load Duration Curve plots electrical power demand against time.
जलविद्युत स्टेशन के संदर्भ में, समय के फलन के रूप में जल प्रवाह/निर्वहन (Discharge vs Time) के आलेखीय निरूपण को 'हाइड्रोग्राफ' (Hydrograph) कहा जाता है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प C है।
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458📚Fire & Arson InvestigationFire Behavior & Flashover
Which of the following describes the phenomenon known as flashover?
Explanation
Flashover is defined as the rapid transition in a compartment fire where radiative heat feedback from the hot upper gas layer causes near-simultaneous thermal ignition of all exposed combustible surfaces in the room.
फ्लैशओवर एक कमरे की आग में वह अवस्था है जहाँ ऊपरी भाग में गर्म गैसों से निकलने वाले तापीय विकिरण के कारण बहुत कम समय में कमरे के लगभग सभी दहनशील पदार्थों में एक साथ आग लग जाती है।
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459📚Questioned DocumentsHandwriting Forgery Types
Imitation of a genuine writing is known as:
Explanation
Simulated forgery (freehand simulation) is the fraudulent imitation of genuine handwriting where the forger uses a genuine model signature/writing and attempts to replicate its pictorial appearance by freehand drawing.
वास्तविक लिखावट या हस्ताक्षर की नकल करने की प्रक्रिया को सिम्युलेटेड जालसाजी (Simulated forgery) कहा जाता है, जिसमें जालसाज वास्तविक नमूने को देखकर उसकी नकल करने का प्रयास करता है।
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460📚Forensic Chemistry & ExplosivesHigh Explosives Chemistry
Chemical name of RDX is:
Explanation
RDX (Research Department Explosive, also known as cyclonite or hexogen) has the systematic chemical name Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane).
RDX का रासायनिक नाम साइक्लोट्राइमिथाइलीनट्राइनाइट्रामाइन (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine / हेक्सोजेन) है, जो एक शक्तिशाली सैन्य उच्च विस्फोटक है।
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461📚Physical & Trace EvidenceForensic Soil Analysis
Study of soil is known as:
Explanation
Pedology is the discipline of soil science focused on the formation, morphology, classification, and physical/chemical properties of soils in their natural environment.
मिट्टी के निर्माण, संरचना और गुणों के वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन को मृदा विज्ञान / पेडोलॉजी (Pedology) कहा जाता है।
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462📚Forensic Foundations & CriminalisticsPioneers of Forensic Science
Father of criminal investigation:
Explanation
In standard forensic examination curricula, Alphonse Bertillon is celebrated as the father of criminal identification/investigation for introducing anthropometry and systematic scientific crime scene processing. (Hans Gross is also historically recognized as the father of criminalistics).
फोरेंसिक विज्ञान पाठ्यक्रम में, अल्फोंस बर्टिलन (Alphonse Bertillon) को मानवमिति (एंथ्रोपोमेट्री) और व्यवस्थित वैज्ञानिक जांच प्रणाली विकसित करने के कारण आपराधिक पहचान/जांच का जनक माना जाता है।
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463📚Physical Measurements & Quality AssuranceTypes of Experimental Errors
The errors that arise on account of sheer carelessness of the observer are known as:
Explanation
Gross errors are caused by human mistakes, sheer carelessness, improper instrument operation, or incorrect data recording by the observer. Systematic errors arise from faulty instruments, and random errors arise from uncontrollable fluctuations.
पर्यवेक्षक की घोर लापरवाही, रीडिंग गलत पढ़ने या गलत गणना करने के कारण उत्पन्न मानवीय त्रुटियों को 'ग्रॉस एरर्स' (Gross errors) कहा जाता है।
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464📚Physical Measurements & Quality AssuranceSignificant Figures in Measurements
The digits that are known reliably plus the first uncertain digit are known as:
Explanation
In measurement science, significant figures are defined as all the digits in a number that are known with certainty plus one final digit that is estimated or uncertain.
मापन विज्ञान में, किसी संख्या के वे सभी अंक जो निश्चित रूप से ज्ञात हों और साथ ही पहला अनिश्चित अंक, सार्थक अंक (Significant figures) कहलाते हैं।
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465📚Forensic Physics & MechanicsKinematics & Path Length
The actual path traversed by the object in the given time is known as:
Explanation
Path length (distance) is the total length of the actual trajectory traversed by an object during its motion. In contrast, displacement is the shortest directed vector between initial and final positions.
किसी दिए गए समय अंतराल में गतिमान वस्तु द्वारा तय किए गए वास्तविक मार्ग की कुल लंबाई को पथ लंबाई (Path length / दूरी) कहा जाता है।
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466📚Illicit Drugs & Street ChemistryLSD Formulations - Windowpanes
When gelatin is mixed with a hallucinogen drug and cut into small squares, it is known as
Explanation
In illicit drug street terminology, LSD prepared in thin sheets of gelatin and cut into tiny transparent or coloured squares is called 'windowpanes' (or 'clearlight'). Microdots refer to tiny pills/tablets, while Orange Sunshine and Purple Haze refer to specific historic formulations.
अवैध दवा शब्दावली में, जब एलएसडी को जिलेटिन की पतली चादरों में मिलाकर छोटे-छोटे पारदर्शी चौकोर टुकड़ों (gel tabs) में काटा जाता है, तो उसे स्ट्रीट पर 'विंडोपेंस' (Windowpanes) कहा जाता है।
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467📚Forensic ToxicologyPlant Poisons - Dhatura as Railroad Poison
Which of the following plant poisons is commonly known as railroad poison?
Explanation
In Indian forensic toxicology and legal medicine, Dhatura (Datura) is notoriously designated as the 'railroad poison' or 'highwayman's poison'. Thugs and criminals administer its crushed seeds in food, tea, or prasad to railway/bus passengers to induce stupor and coma for robbery.
भारतीय फोरेंसिक विष विज्ञान में धतूरा (Dhatura) को 'रेलरोड पॉइजन' या 'ठगों का जहर' कहा जाता है। अपराधी ट्रेन या बस यात्रियों के भोजन, चाय या प्रसाद में धतूरे के बीज मिलाकर उन्हें बेहोश कर लूटपाट करते हैं।
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468📚Forensic ToxicologyDrug Manifestations & Clinical Signs
Match the followings:
Drug Name
I. Cannabis
II. Cocaine
III. Alcohol
IV. Brucine
Condition
a. Magnan's symptom
b. Opisthotonos
c. Run Amok
d. Delirium tremens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
Cannabis intoxication can precipitate a frenzied homicidal state known as 'Run Amok' (c). Chronic cocaine use causes tactile hallucinations (cocaine bugs / Magnan's sign, a). Chronic alcohol withdrawal leads to Delirium tremens (d). Brucine (nux vomica spinal alkaloid) produces tetanic spinal convulsions resulting in Opisthotonos (b). Thus, I-c, II-a, III-d, IV-b.
कैनबिस के अत्यधिक सेवन से उन्मादी हिंसक अवस्था 'रन अमोक' (c) हो सकती है। कोकीन के दीर्घकालिक उपयोग से त्वचा पर कीड़े रेंगने जैसा अहसास (मैग्नन का लक्षण, a) होता है। शराब छोड़ने पर डिलीरियम ट्रेमेंस (d) होता है। ब्रूसिन से रीढ़ की ऐंठन के कारण शरीर धनुष जैसा मुड़ जाता है (ऑपिस्थोटोनस, b)। सही मिलान I - c, II - a, III - d, IV - b है।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
469📚Illicit Drugs & Street TerminologyPhencyclidine Street Names
When phencyclidine is mixed with LSD, it is known as
Explanation
Angel dust is the universally recognized street name for phencyclidine (PCP), which is frequently illicitly combined with or misrepresented as LSD on street markets. (Ice is crystal methamphetamine, Speed is amphetamine, and Rock is crack cocaine).
एंजेल डस्ट (Angel dust) फेंसिलिडाइन (PCP) का सबसे प्रसिद्ध स्ट्रीट नाम है, जिसे अक्सर अवैध बाजारों में एलएसडी के साथ मिलाकर या उसके नाम पर बेचा जाता है। (Ice क्रिस्टल मेथमफेटामाइन है, Speed एम्फेटामाइन है, और Rock क्रैक कोकीन है)।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
470📚Forensic PharmacologyAmphetamine Abuse Patterns - Speed Binge
A condition in which an individual inject amphetamine at every 2-3 hours is known as
Explanation
A 'speed binge' (or 'run') is a pattern of severe amphetamine abuse where the user injects or consumes the drug every 2 to 3 hours over several days continuously to maintain a prolonged state of intense euphoria, foregoing food and sleep.
'स्पीड बिंज' (Speed binge या run) एम्फेटामाइन के अत्यधिक दुरुपयोग का वह पैटर्न है जिसमें उपयोगकर्ता तीव्र उत्साह और उत्तेजना बनाए रखने के लिए बिना सोए या खाए कई दिनों तक लगातार हर 2 से 3 घंटे में इंजेक्शन लेता है।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
471📚Illicit Drugs & Street TerminologyClub Drugs and Street Names
Match the followings:
Drugs
I. Ketamine
II. Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
III. Rohypnol
IV. MDMA
Street Names
a. Liquid G
b. Rolls
c. Special K
d. Circles
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
Ketamine is widely known on the street as 'Special K' (c). Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is known as 'Liquid G' (a). Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) is known as 'Circles' or 'roofies' (d). MDMA (Ecstasy) tablets are called 'Rolls' (b). Thus, I-c, II-a, III-d, IV-b.
केटामाइन को 'स्पेशल के' (c), जीएचबी को 'लिक्विड जी' (a), रोहिप्नोल को 'सर्कल्स' या रूफीस (d), और एमडीएमए को 'रोल्स' (b) कहा जाता है। अतः सही मिलान I - c, II - a, III - d, IV - b है।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
472📚ChromatographySize Exclusion & Gel Permeation Chromatography
The chromatographic method which uses a form of selective permeability at the molecular level leading to separation is known as
I. Size exclusion chromatography
II. Ion exchange chromatography
III. Adsorption chromatography
IV. Gel permeation chromatography
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Explanation
Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) separates molecules according to their hydrodynamic volume as they selectively permeate through porous gel particles. When organic mobile phases are employed, it is specifically referred to as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Both describe this selective molecular permeability mechanism. Thus, I and IV only.
आकार अपवर्जन क्रोमैटोग्राफी (SEC) और जेल पारगम्यता क्रोमैटोग्राफी (GPC) छिद्रयुक्त मोतियों के माध्यम से अणुओं के आणविक आकार के आधार पर चयनात्मक पारगम्यता द्वारा पृथक्करण करती हैं। अतः विकल्प D (I और IV केवल) सही है।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
473📚Biochemical ChromatographyAffinity Chromatography
Chromatographic methods in which the protein mixture to be purified is passed over a matrix to which specific ligands are attached known as
Explanation
Affinity chromatography separates biomolecules based on specific, reversible non-covalent biological binding interactions between the target protein and an immobilized ligand (e.g. antibody-antigen, enzyme-substrate analogue, or receptor-hormone) covalently bonded to the stationary phase matrix.
एफिनिटी क्रोमैटोग्राफी (Affinity chromatography) में एक स्थिर मैट्रिक्स से जुड़े विशिष्ट लिगैंड और लक्षित प्रोटीन के बीच होने वाले उच्च विशिष्ट जैविक बंध पर आधारित पृथक्करण किया जाता है।
2026JKSSBHome Department (FSL)
474📚Geography of IndiaIndian Drainage System - Damodar River
Which river rises in Khamarpat hill in the Chhotanagpur plateau and is called the "river of sorrow"?
Explanation
The Damodar River originates from the Khamarpat hill in the Chota Nagpur plateau (Latehar/Palamu region of Jharkhand). Due to its historic catastrophic seasonal floods in the plains of West Bengal, it was known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal' (River of Sorrow).
दामोदर नदी छोटानागपुर पठार की खमरपत पहाड़ी (लातेहार, झारखंड) से निकलती है। पश्चिम बंगाल के मैदानी इलाकों में भयंकर बाढ़ लाने के कारण इसे 'बंगाल का शोक' (दुःख की नदी) कहा जाता था।
2026JKSSBInformation Technology Department
475📚Geography of Jammu & KashmirMountain Passes of J&K - Sadhna Pass
The Sadhna Pass is in which district of Jammu & Kashmir?
Explanation
Sadhna Pass (historically known as Nastachun Pass, elevation 3,130 meters / 10,269 ft) is a prominent high-altitude mountain pass in Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, connecting Karnah tehsil (Tangdhar valley) with the main Kashmir valley.
साधना दर्रा (मूल नाम नस्तचुन दर्रा, ऊंचाई 3,130 मीटर) जम्मू-कश्मीर के कुपवाड़ा (Kupwara) जिले में स्थित है, जो करनाह तहसील (तंगधार) को मुख्य कश्मीर घाटी से जोड़ता है।
2026JKSSBInformation Technology Department
476📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsNational Parks of Jammu & Kashmir
Which of the following National Parks encompasses the catchment area of Kiber, Nanth, and Kiyar Nallas, all of which drain south-west into the Marwah river, locally called Mariv Sudir?
A) Dachigam National Park
B) Kishtwar National Park
C) Kazinag National Park
D) Salim Ali National Park
Explanation
Kishtwar National Park, located in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, encompasses the high-altitude catchments of Kiyar, Nanth, and Kibber Nallas. All three major streams drain south-west into the Marwah River (locally known as the Mariv Sudir), a principal tributary of the Chenab River.
किश्तवाड़ राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (Kishtwar High Altitude National Park) जम्मू-कश्मीर के किश्तवाड़ जिले में स्थित है। यह कियार, नांथ और किबेर नालों के जलग्रहण क्षेत्र को शामिल करता है, जो दक्षिण-पश्चिम दिशा में बहते हुए मारवाह नदी (स्थानीय नाम मारिव सुदिर) में मिलते हैं, जो चिनाब की सहायक नदी है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
477📚Mental Ability & ReasoningBlood Relations (Coded Relations)
If A + B means A is the mother of B, A - B means A is the brother of B, A × B means A is the father of B, what does P - Q × R + S mean?
A) P is maternal uncle of S
B) P is paternal uncle of S
C) P is father of S
D) P is brother of S
Explanation
Decoding the expression P - Q × R + S:
- R + S: R is the mother of S.
- Q × R: Q is the father of R.
- P - Q: P is the brother of Q.
Here R is the mother of S, and P belongs to the maternal family lineage (brother of maternal grandfather Q). In exam blood relation problems, this branch represents the maternal relation, where P is the maternal grand-uncle / maternal uncle of S. Option A is the intended answer.
व्यंजक P - Q × R + S का विश्लेषण:
- R + S: R, S की माता है।
- Q × R: Q, R का पिता है (S का नाना)।
- P - Q: P, Q का भाई है।
यह मातृ पक्ष (maternal relation) का संबंध दर्शाता है, जहाँ P, S के मातृ पक्ष से संबंधित है। अतः विकल्प A सही उत्तर है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
478📚Basic Computer ApplicationsHardware & Assistive Devices
Which of the following statements correctly describes a tactile display (also known as a refreshable braille display)?
A) It is an electro-mechanical device that uses round-tipped pins to represent Braille characters by raising them through holes in a flat surface.
B) It is a specialized monitor that uses haptic vibrations across a glass screen to simulate the texture of printed text.
C) It is a peripheral device that converts text from a computer screen into high-speed audio for the visually impaired.
D) It is a static hardware interface where Braille characters are permanently engraved into a metal plate for reading.
Explanation
A refreshable Braille display (tactile display) is an electromechanical device consisting of an array of round-tipped pins that are dynamically pushed up and down through holes on a flat surface to represent Braille characters corresponding to text on a screen.
टैक्टाइल डिस्प्ले (रिफ्रेशेबल ब्रेल डिस्प्ले) एक इलेक्ट्रो-मैकेनिकल उपकरण है जिसमें गोल सिरे वाले पिन एक सपाट सतह के छेदों से ऊपर उठकर दृष्टिबाधित लोगों के लिए ब्रेल अक्षरों को प्रदर्शित करते हैं।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
479📚Basic Computer ApplicationsInput Devices - Graphics Tablet
A digital artist wants to create detailed and beautiful digital drawings on his computer. He finds it difficult to draw accurately using only a mouse. Which device would help him draw naturally and precisely on the computer?
A) Graphics tablet
B) Digital stroke enhancer
C) Precision art interface pad
D) Visual rendering controller
Explanation
A graphics tablet (also known as a drawing tablet or digitizer) paired with a pressure-sensitive stylus allows artists to hand-draw illustrations, sketches, and graphics directly into computer design software naturally, replicating physical pen-on-paper drawing.
ग्राफिक्स टैबलेट (Graphics tablet) एक इनपुट उपकरण है जो प्रेशर-सेंसिटिव स्टाइलस पेन के साथ आता है और डिजिटल कलाकारों को कंप्यूटर पर स्वाभाविक तथा सटीक चित्र बनाने की सुविधा देता है।
2026JKSSBSchool Education Department
480📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KCulture and Folk Theatre of J&K
Which Kashmiri art form is described by the following lines?
I. It is a traditional folk theatre style combination of play and dance.
II. It differs from other forms as it features a single performer who performs, dances, and plays music.
III. It was mentioned by Kashmiri Sufi Saint, Sheikh Noor-ud-din Noorani (RA) in his verses and travel book of English writer, Sir Walter Lawrence.

A) Rouf
B) Chakri
C) Bhand Pather
D) Hafiza Dance
Explanation
Bhand Pather is Kashmir's renowned centuries-old traditional folk theatre that intricately weaves drama, satirical comedy, dance, and music (using dhol and surnai). It has historically depicted socio-political satire and religious philosophy, documented by Sir Walter Lawrence in 'The Valley of Kashmir' and praised in classical Kashmiri Sufi poetry.
भांड पाथेर (Bhand Pather) कश्मीर का प्रसिद्ध पारंपरिक लोक रंगमंच है जो नाटक, नृत्य और व्यंग्य का अनूठा मिश्रण है। सर वाल्टर लॉरेंस की पुस्तक 'द वैली ऑफ कश्मीर' में इसका विस्तृत वर्णन मिलता है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
481📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KMughal Gardens of Kashmir
Which of the following statements about Mughal Gardens in Kashmir are correct?
I. Nishat Bagh laid out in the 17th century, is located directly along the eastern bank of the Dal Lake.
II. The two most important structures within the Shalimar Bagh are the Pink Pavilion, in the Diwan-i-Aam zone of the garden, and the Black Pavilion, located in the Diwan-i-Khas.
III. Achabal Bagh was also known as Sahebabad during the Mughal period, in memory of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

Choose the correct option:
A) I, II and III
B) I and II only
C) I and III only
D) II and III only
Explanation
Evaluating Mughal Gardens:
- Statement I is correct: Nishat Bagh was designed by Asif Khan (Nur Jahan's brother) in 1633 on the eastern bank of Dal Lake.
- Statement II is correct: Shalimar Bagh features the Diwan-i-Aam with its pinkish sandstone hall and the Diwan-i-Khas featuring the famed Black Marble Pavilion supported by fluted pillars.
- Statement III is incorrect: Achabal was designed and developed by Empress Nur Jahan in 1620 and was historically named 'Begamabad' (not Sahebabad).
Thus, statements I and II only are correct.
कथन I और II सत्य हैं। कथन III असत्य है क्योंकि नूरजहाँ द्वारा विकसित अच्छाबल बाग को मुगल काल में 'बेगमाबाद' कहा जाता था, साहिबाबाद नहीं। अतः सही विकल्प B (I and II only) है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
482📚General Awareness with special ref to J&KGeography of Jammu and Kashmir
Which of the following statements about the geographic characteristics of the Jammu region are correct?
I. Jammu city is situated on a series of uneven ridges of low heights in the Shivalik Hills.
II. It is surrounded by the Ladakh range to the north, east, and southeast, while the Trikuta Range borders it in the northwest.

Choose the correct option:
A) I only
B) II only
C) Both of the above
D) Neither of the above
Explanation
Statement I is correct: Jammu city (the city of temples) lies on a series of uneven ridges of the sub-Himalayan Shivalik Range on the banks of the Tawi River. Statement II is completely false because the Ladakh Range is a trans-Himalayan range lying far to the north across the Great Himalayas in the UT of Ladakh, nowhere near Jammu city.
कथन I सही है: जम्मू शहर शिवालिक पहाड़ियों के टीलों पर तवी नदी के किनारे बसा है। कथन II गलत है क्योंकि लद्दाख पर्वतमाला महान हिमालय के पार लद्दाख में स्थित है, जम्मू के आसपास नहीं। अतः विकल्प A (I only) सही है।
2026JKSSBGeneral Administration Department
483📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations
At a large family gathering, A said to B, "Your mother's father's only daughter is my wife." After hearing this, B replied, "Then your father must be the only son of my grandmother." Assume that both statements are completely true and that there are no marriages within the same generation in the family... Based on the relationships described in these statements, determine the exact relationship between A and B.
A) A is B's father
B) A is B's uncle
C) A is B's grandfather
D) A is B's brother-in-law
Explanation
"Your mother's father's only daughter" is B's mother. A states that B's mother is his wife. Therefore, A is married to B's mother, which makes A the father of B.
'B की माँ के पिता की इकलौती बेटी' = स्वयं B की माँ। A कहता है कि B की माँ उसकी पत्नी है। अतः A, B का पिता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
484📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations
Six people A, B, C, D, E, and F belong to three different generations of a family. There are two married couples in the family. A is the father of C, but C is not the sister of D. B is the daughter-in-law of E. D is the brother of C. F is the grandfather of D and the husband of E. Based on this information, how is B related to D?
A) Mother
B) Aunt
C) Sister
D) Grandmother
Explanation
Generation 1 couple: F (husband) and E (wife). Generation 2 couple: Their son A is married to B (B is daughter-in-law of E). Generation 3: C and D are children of A and B. Therefore, B is the mother of D.
F और E पहली पीढ़ी के दादा-दादी हैं। उनका बेटा A है जो B से विवाहित है (B, E की बहू है)। C और D उनके बच्चे हैं। अतः B, D की माँ (Mother) है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
485📚Basic ReasoningBlood Relations - Coded Relations
In a certain code language used to describe family relationships:
• A # B means A is the mother of B
• A $ B means A is the brother of B
• A % B means A is the father of B
• A @ B means A is the sister of B
If the expression is: (P % Q) # (R $ S). Find the relation of P with R?
A) Father
B) Grandfather
C) Uncle
D) Brother
Explanation
P % Q means P is the father of Q. Q # R means Q is the mother of R. R $ S means R is the brother of S. Since P is the father of R's mother (Q), P is the maternal grandfather of R.
P, Q का पिता है और Q, R की माँ है। अतः P, R का नाना (Grandfather) है। सही विकल्प B है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
486📚General Awareness & ScienceModern Indian History - Governor Generals
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Governor Generals:
I. Lord Wellesley
II. Lord William Bentinck
III. Lord Charles Metcalfe
IV. Lord Ripon
Acts/Policies/Titles:
Subsidiary Alliance
Abolition of Sati Act, 1829
Liberator of the Press
Father of Local Self-Government
Choose the correct option:
A) I and II only
B) I, II and IV only
C) II, III and IV only
D) All of the above
Explanation
All pairs are correctly matched: I. Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance policy (1798); II. Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati via Regulation XVII in 1829; III. Lord Charles Metcalfe removed restrictions on the press via the Press Act of 1835 ('Liberator of the Press'); IV. Lord Ripon issued the Local Self-Government resolution of 1882 ('Father of Local Self-Government').
सभी युग्म सही सुमेलित हैं: I. लॉर्ड वेलेजली - सहायक संधि प्रणाली; II. लॉर्ड विलियम बेंटिक - सती प्रथा निषेध कानून (1829); III. चार्ल्स मेटकाफ - भारतीय प्रेस का मुक्तिदाता (प्रेस एक्ट 1835); IV. लॉर्ड रिपन - भारत में स्थानीय स्वशासन का जनक (1882 का प्रस्ताव)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
487📚General Awareness & ScienceHuman Physiology - Digestive System
Which enzyme in saliva helps in the digestion of starch?
A) Pepsin
B) Amylase
C) Trypsin
D) Lipase
Explanation
Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase (also known as ptyalin), which breaks down complex dietary starches into simpler sugars such as maltose. Pepsin and trypsin digest proteins, while lipase digests fats.
लार में लार एमाइलेज (टायलिन / Salivary Amylase) नामक एंजाइम होता है, जो स्टार्च को माल्टोज जैसे सरल शर्करा में तोड़ता है। पेप्सिन और ट्रिप्सिन प्रोटीन का पाचन करते हैं, जबकि लाइपेस वसा का पाचन करता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
488📚General Awareness & ScienceGeography of Jammu and Kashmir
Jhelum River originates from?
A) Dal Lake
B) Wular Lake
C) Verinag Spring
D) Mapchachungo Glacier
Explanation
The Jhelum River (known as Vitasta in ancient texts and Vyeth in Kashmiri) originates from a deep spring at Verinag, located at the foot of the Pir Panjal range in Anantnag district of Jammu & Kashmir.
झेलम नदी (प्राचीन नाम वितस्ता, कश्मीरी में व्येथ) जम्मू और कश्मीर के अनंतनाग जिले में पीर पंजाल पर्वत श्रृंखला की तलहटी में स्थित वेरीनाग झरने (स्प्रिंग) से निकलती है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
489📚General Awareness & ScienceJammu and Kashmir Arts and Crafts
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Papier-Mache is a famous handicraft technique of Kashmir.
Reason (R): It involves decorating objects made from paper pulp with intricate hand-painted designs.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
C) A is true, but R is false
D) A is false, but R is true
Explanation
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and R correctly explains A. Kashmiri papier-mâché is a renowned handicraft introduced in the 14th century by Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani and promoted by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin. It consists of two stages: Sakhtsazi (making the base object from paper pulp) and Naqqashi (intricate hand-painting and lacquering).
अभिकथन (A) और कारण (R) दोनों सत्य हैं और R, A की सही व्याख्या करता है। कश्मीरी पेपर-मैशी एक विश्वप्रसिद्ध हस्तकला है जिसमें दो चरण होते हैं: सख्तासाजी (कागज की लुगदी से वस्तु तैयार करना) और नक्काशी (उस पर सूक्ष्म एवं सुंदर चित्रकारी करना)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
490📚General Awareness & ScienceHistory of Jammu and Kashmir - Sufism
Which Sufi saint is believed to have visited Kashmir during the period of King Suhadeva (1301-1320) and was the first saint to introduce Islam in Kashmir?
A) Hazrat Bulbul Shah
B) Lal Ded
C) Mir Syed Ali Hamadani
D) Muinuddin Chisti
Explanation
Hazrat Syed Sharaf-ud-Din Abdul Rahman, popularly known as Hazrat Bulbul Shah, was a Suhrawardi Sufi saint who visited Kashmir during the reign of King Suhadeva. He converted the ruler Rinchan (who took the name Sultan Sadruddin) to Islam, marking the advent of Islam in the Kashmir Valley.
हज़रत सैयद शरफुद्दीन अब्दुर रहमान (जिन्हें हज़रत बुलबुल शाह के नाम से जाना जाता है) राजा सहदेव के समय कश्मीर आए थे। उन्होंने कश्मीर के बौद्ध शासक रिंचन (सुल्तान सदरुद्दीन) को इस्लाम में दीक्षित किया, जिससे कश्मीर में इस्लाम का प्रसार प्रारंभ हुआ।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
491📚Modern Indian HistoryRevolt of 1857 & Government of India Act 1858
Following the suppression of the revolt of 1857, what major constitutional change was adopted via the Government of India Act, 1858?
Explanation
The Government of India Act, 1858 (also known as the Act for the Better Government of India) liquidated the British East India Company and transferred the government, territories, and revenues of India directly to the British Crown (Queen Victoria). The Governor-General was given the additional title of Viceroy, and a Secretary of State for India was created to head the Indian administration.
भारत सरकार अधिनियम, 1858 (भारत के बेहतर शासन के लिए अधिनियम) द्वारा ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के शासन को समाप्त कर दिया गया और भारत का प्रशासन, क्षेत्र एवं राजस्व सीधे ब्रिटिश क्राउन (महारानी विक्टोरिया) को हस्तांतरित कर दिया गया। गवर्नर-जनरल को 'वायसराय' की उपाधि दी गई और भारतीय प्रशासन का प्रभार 'भारत के राज्य सचिव' को सौंपा गया।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
492📚Indian Polity & ConstitutionTypes of Democracy
Which of the following statements are correct about Direct democracy and Indirect democracy?
I. In Indirect democracy, people themselves vote on every legislation.
II. Recall, Initiative and Plebiscite are the instruments of Direct democracy.
III. Gram sabhas in the villages are the classic example of the functioning of Direct democracy in India.
IV. Direct democracy is also known as Representative democracy, where people elect their representative leaders to make laws.
Explanation
- Statement I is FALSE: In direct democracy (not indirect), citizens directly vote on legislation. In indirect democracy, elected representatives vote on laws.
- Statement II is TRUE: Referendum, Initiative, Recall, and Plebiscite are the four classic devices of direct democracy.
- Statement III is TRUE: Gram Sabhas in India embody direct democracy because all registered adult village electors directly deliberate and decide on village plans and welfare.
- Statement IV is FALSE: Indirect democracy (not direct democracy) is known as Representative democracy.
Therefore, statements II and III only are correct.
- कथन I गलत है: प्रत्यक्ष लोकतंत्र (न कि अप्रत्यक्ष) में नागरिक सीधे कानूनों पर मतदान करते हैं। अप्रत्यक्ष में निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधि मतदान करते हैं।
- कथन II सही है: रिकॉल (Recall), इनीशिएटिव (Initiative), प्लेबिसिट (Plebiscite) और रेफरेंडम प्रत्यक्ष लोकतंत्र के उपकरण हैं।
- कथन III सही है: ग्राम सभा प्रत्यक्ष लोकतंत्र का प्रत्यक्ष उदाहरण है जहाँ ग्राम पंचायत के सभी वयस्क मतदाता सीधे बैठकों में भाग लेते हैं।
- कथन IV गलत है: अप्रत्यक्ष लोकतंत्र को 'प्रतिनिधि लोकतंत्र' कहा जाता है।
अतः केवल कथन II और III सही हैं (विकल्प B)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
493📚General Knowledge & Current AffairsSolar System & Astronomy
Which of the following statements about the solar system are correct?
I. The planet Venus is also known as 'the Morning Star'.
II. The asteroid belt, a region of rocky debris, lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
III. The Kuiper belt, a region of icy bodies, lies between the orbits of Planets Saturn and Uranus.
Explanation
- Statement I is CORRECT: Venus is commonly called the 'Morning Star' and 'Evening Star' because of its high reflectivity and visibility near sunrise and sunset.
- Statement II is CORRECT: The Main Asteroid Belt is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
- Statement III is INCORRECT: The Kuiper Belt is a circumstellar disc of icy bodies located beyond the orbit of Neptune (approx. 30 to 50 AU from the Sun), NOT between Saturn and Uranus.
Therefore, statements I and II only are correct.
- कथन I सही है: शुक्र ग्रह अपनी अत्यधिक चमक के कारण सूर्योदय से पहले और सूर्यास्त के बाद दिखाई देता है, इसलिए इसे 'भोर का तारा' (Morning Star) या 'सांझ का तारा' कहा जाता है।
- कथन II सही है: मुख्य क्षुद्रग्रह बेल्ट (एस्टेरॉयड बेल्ट) मंगल और बृहस्पति की कक्षाओं के बीच स्थित है।
- कथन III गलत है: कुइपर बेल्ट सौरमंडल के सबसे बाहरी भाग में नेपच्यून (वरुण) ग्रह की कक्षा के बाहर (30 से 50 खगोलीय इकाई) स्थित बर्फीले पिंडों का क्षेत्र है, न कि शनि और यूरेनस के बीच।
अतः केवल I और II सही हैं (विकल्प B)।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
494📚Knowledge of Computer ApplicationsOperating Systems & Virtual Memory (Thrashing)
A student is using a computer with 8 GB RAM. He opens:
- A web browser with 25 tabs
- A video editing software
- A music player
- A code editor
After some time, the system becomes slow, but it does NOT crash. The hard disk activity light keeps blinking continuously even though he is not saving or opening files. Which of the following is the most accurate explanation?
Explanation
When demanding applications consume all available physical RAM (8 GB), the Operating System's Virtual Memory manager activates the paging file/swap space on the secondary storage drive (HDD/SSD). To keep all programs running without crashing, pages of memory are repeatedly swapped in and out between physical RAM and disk storage. This condition (often known as 'paging thrashing') causes sustained high hard disk I/O, reflected by the continuously blinking hard drive LED and significant system slowdown.
जब चल रहे भारी प्रोग्राम 8 GB की भौतिक रैम को पूरी तरह भर देते हैं, तो ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम कंप्यूटर को क्रैश होने से बचाने के लिए 'वर्चुअल मेमोरी' (पेजिंग फ़ाइल/स्वैप स्पेस) का उपयोग शुरू कर देता है। इसमें रैम और हार्ड डिस्क के बीच डेटा पेजों की लगातार अदला-बदली (Paging/Swapping) होती है, जिसे 'थ्रैशिंग' कहा जाता है। इससे हार्ड डिस्क की बत्ती लगातार जलती/झपकती है और सिस्टम धीमा हो जाता है। अतः विकल्प C सही है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department
495📚
A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A's son is D's brother. How is B related to C?
Explanation
Since A's son is D's brother, and C and D are sisters, A is the father of C, D, and the son. Since B is the brother of A, B is the paternal uncle of C.
चूँकि A का पुत्र D का भाई है और C तथा D बहनें हैं, इसलिए A, C और D का पिता है। B, A का भाई है, अतः B, C का चाचा (अंकल) है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
496📚
A family consists of six people: P, Q, R, S, T, and U. T's brother is married to P. U is T's mother. Q is the daughter of S and P, and also the granddaughter of R. What is the relationship between R and T?
Explanation
Q is the daughter of S and P, and T's brother is married to P, so S is T's brother. U is T's mother (and S's mother). Since Q is the granddaughter of R, and U is the grandmother, R must be the grandfather (father of S and T). Thus, R is the father of T.
Q, S और P की पुत्री है, और T का भाई P से विवाहित है, इसलिए S, T का भाई है। U, T (और S) की माँ है। चूँकि Q, R की पोती है, इसलिए R, S और T का पिता है। अतः R, T का पिता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
497📚
Consider the following statements regarding the glaciers of the Jammu and Kashmir region:
I. The Kolahoi Glacier, also known as the "Goddess of Light," is the largest in the Kashmir Valley and is the primary source of the Lidder River.
II. The Thajwas Glacier, in the Sonamarg region, is a popular "hanging glacier" accessible to tourists.
III. The Machoi glacier, in the Sonamarg region, majorly feeds water to the Sind and Dras rivers.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Explanation
All three statements are correct: Kolahoi ('Gwash Brari' or Goddess of Light) is the largest valley glacier in Kashmir and feeds the Lidder River; Thajwas is an easily accessible hanging glacier near Sonamarg; and Machoi glacier situated near Zoji La feeds both the Sind River and the Dras River.
तीनों कथन सही हैं: कोलाहोई ग्लेशियर ('ग्वाश ब्रारी' या प्रकाश की देवी) कश्मीर घाटी का सबसे बड़ा हिमनद है और लिद्दर नदी का स्रोत है; थाजवास सोनमर्ग के पास एक लोकप्रिय हैंगिंग ग्लेशियर है; तथा जोजिला के पास स्थित माचोई ग्लेशियर सिंध और द्रास दोनों नदियों को जल प्रदान करता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
498📚
Consider the following statements about Manasbal Lake:
I. It is the deepest freshwater lake, located in the Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir.
II. The large growth of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) at the periphery of the lake (blooms during July and August) adds to the beauty of the clear waters of the lake.
III. It is a good site for aquatic birds and birdwatching and has the sobriquet of "supreme gem of all Kashmir Lakes".
Which of the above statements are INCORRECT?
Explanation
Statement I is incorrect because Manasbal Lake is located in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir Valley (not in Poonch district). Statements II and III are correct. Since the question asks for the INCORRECT statement, only I is incorrect.
कथन I गलत है क्योंकि मानसबल झील कश्मीर के गांदरबल जिले में स्थित है (पुंछ जिले में नहीं)। कथन II और III सही हैं। चूँकि प्रश्न में गलत कथन पूछा गया है, अतः केवल I गलत है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
499📚
Which of the following statements about the Peer Kho Cave Temple is/are correct?
I. A historic cave temple located near Jammu city was constructed by the first Dogra ruler, Maharaja Gulab Singh.
II. The lingam is located inside a small cave embellished with a white marble rectangular platform.
III. The cave is also known as the Jamavant Guffa, as the bear hero of Ramayana is believed to have meditated in Guffa.
Explanation
Statements II and III are correct: The Shiva lingam is situated on a marble platform inside the cave, and it is traditionally revered as Jamavant Guffa where the legendary Jambavan meditated. Statement I is incorrect because the temple is an ancient site historically linked to Raja Ajaib Dev (15th century) and Guru Gorakhnath, not built by Maharaja Gulab Singh.
कथन II और III सही हैं: शिवलिंग गुफा के भीतर संगमरमर के चबूतरे पर स्थापित है और इसे जामवंत गुफा भी कहा जाता है जहाँ जामवंत जी ने तपस्या की थी। कथन I गलत है क्योंकि यह मंदिर प्राचीन है और इसका ऐतिहासिक संबंध 15वीं सदी के राजा अजायब देव से है, इसका निर्माण गुलाब सिंह ने नहीं कराया था। अतः केवल II और III सही हैं।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
500📚
A species whose presence or absence significantly has a disproportionately large impact on the structure and function of an entire community is known as a:
Explanation
A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem. Without its keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether.
कीस्टोन प्रजाति (Keystone Species) वह प्रजाति है जिसका अपने पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र और जैविक समुदाय की संरचना और संतुलन पर उसकी बहुलता की तुलना में असंगत रूप से बहुत बड़ा प्रभाव होता है।
2026JKSSBForest, Ecology & Environment Department (Wildlife Protection)
501📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
Amir Khusro was a famous:
Explanation
Ab'ul Hasan Yamin al-Din Khusrow, famously known as Amir Khusro (1253–1325), was an iconic Sufi musician, poet, and scholar during the Delhi Sultanate. Revered as the 'Parrot of India' (Tuti-e-Hind) and the 'Father of Qawwali', he composed poetry in Persian and Hindavi.
अमीर खुसरो (1253–1325) दिल्ली सल्तनत काल के महान सूफी संत हजरत निजामुद्दीन औलिया के शिष्य, विख्यात कवि और संगीतकार थे। उन्हें 'तूती-ए-हिंद' (भारत का तोता) और कव्वाली का जनक कहा जाता है। अतः वह एक प्रसिद्ध कवि थे।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
502📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
Which of the following blood groups is known as the universal donor?
Explanation
Blood group O red blood cells contain neither A nor B antigens on their surface, so they can be safely given to individuals of any ABO blood type without triggering an adverse hemolytic immune response. Thus, Group O is the universal donor.
रक्त समूह O में लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं पर कोई एंटीजन नहीं होता है, जिससे इसे किसी भी रक्त समूह वाले व्यक्ति को चढ़ाया जा सकता है। इसलिए रक्त समूह O सार्वभौमिक दाता (Universal Donor) कहलाता है।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission
503📚General Awareness & National Current Affairsgeneral-science-physics-chemistry-biology
The Thomas Cup is associated with which sport?
Explanation
The Thomas Cup (officially known as the World Men's Team Championships) is the premier international badminton competition contested by national men's teams of the Badminton World Federation (BWF).
थॉमस कप अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पुरुषों की राष्ट्रीय बैडमिंटन टीमों के बीच खेली जाने वाली विश्व बैडमिंटन चैंपियनशिप है। (महिलाओं के समकक्ष कप को 'उबेर कप' कहा जाता है)।
2016SSCStaff Selection Commission